暑假自主学习练习1
《1.2.1有理数》暑假自主学习基础达标训练(附答案) 2021-2022学年人教版七年级数学上册
2021年人教版七年级数学上册《1.2.1有理数》暑假自主学习基础达标训练（附答案）1．下列说法正确的是（）A．整数就是正整数和负整数B．负整数的相反数就是非负整数C．有理数中不是负数就是正数D．零是自然数，但不是正整数2．下列说法中正确的个数有（）①﹣4.2是负分数；②3.7不是整数；③非负有理数不包括零；④正有理数、负有理数统称为有理数；⑤0是最小的有理数A．1个B．2个C．3个D．4个3．如果用m表示一个有理数，那么﹣m是（）A．负数B．正数C．零D．以上答案都有可能对4．下列四个数中，属于负整数的是（）A．﹣3B．0C．﹣D．﹣2.85．在1、﹣7.2、﹣5、+2.7、0、4、0.3中属于整数集合的有（）A．4个B．3个C．2个D．1个6．下列各数中，属于负分数的是（）A．B．﹣8C．﹣2.3D．67．下列说法中，正确的个数是（）①一个有理数不是整数就是分数；②一个有理数不是正的，就是负的；③一个整数不是正的，就是负的；④一个分数不是正的，就是负的．A．1个B．2个C．3个D．4个8．在有理数中，有（）A．最大的数B．最小的数C．绝对值最大的数D．绝对值最小的数9．下面的说法正确的是（）A．正整数与负整数统称为整数B．正分数、零、负分数统称为分数C．正有理数、零、负有理数统称为有理数D．正整数、负整数和分数统称为有理数10．设a是最小的自然数，b是最大的负整数的相反数，c是绝对值最小的有理数，则a+b+c 的值为（）A．2B．1C．0D．﹣111．在﹣125%；；25；0；﹣0.3；0.67；﹣4；中，非负数有（）A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个12．在数﹣，﹣1，，﹣，0中，负分数有（）A．1个B．2个C．3个D．4个13．下列四个选项，其中的数不是分数的选项是（）A．B．C．D．80%14．下列各数：﹣，1.010010001，，0，﹣π，﹣2.626626662…（每两个2之间多一个6），0.1，其中有理数有个．15．下列有理数：﹣8，2.1，，3，0，﹣2.5，﹣11，﹣1，其中属于分数的是；属于整数的是．16．把下列各数按要求分类：﹣18%，1，﹣2，10100，﹣3.5，0，4.6，π．正分数集合：{…}；负整数集合：{…}．17．把下列各数按要求分类．①﹣4；②﹣10%；③﹣1.035；④0；⑤；⑥5.；⑦0.6；⑧3（请在横线上填各数番号）．整数：；分数：；非负整数：．18．下列各数：﹣4，﹣2，3.5，，0，10，+21，其中非负数有，非正数有．19．将下列各数填入适当的括号内：﹣9，，﹣0.314，2020，0，﹣3，﹣π，66．（1）整数集合{…}；（2）负分数集合{…}；（3）非负整数集合{…}．20．将下列各数填入相应集合中：7，﹣9.25，﹣，﹣301，，﹣3.5，0，2，5，﹣7，1.25，﹣，﹣3，﹣．正整数集合{…}；正分数集合{…}；负整数集合{…}；负分数集合{…}；正数集合{…}；负数集合{…}．参考答案1．解：A、整数就是正整数和负整数，还有0，故本选项错误；B、负整数的相反数就是正整数，故本选项错误；C、有理数中不是负数就是正数，还有0，故本选项错误；D、零是自然数，但不是正整数，本选项正确；故选：D．2．解：①﹣4.2是负分数是正确的；②3.7不是整数是正确的；③非负有理数包括零，原来的说法错误；④正有理数、0、负有理数统称为有理数，原来的说法错误；⑤没有最小的有理数，原来的说法错误．故说法中正确的个数有2个．故选：B．3．解：﹣m表示m的相反数，当m是正数时，﹣m是负数；当m＝0时，﹣m＝0，不是正数也不是负数；当m是负数时，﹣m是正数．故选：D．4．解：A、﹣3是负整数，故A符合题意；B、0是整数，不是负整数，故B不符合题意；C、﹣是负分数，故C不符合题意；D、﹣2.8是负分数，故D不符合题意；故选：A．5．解：在1、﹣7.2、﹣5、+2.7、0、4、0.3中属于整数集合的有：1、﹣5、0、4共四个．故选：A．6．解：﹣2.3是负分数，故选：C．7．解：整数和分数统称有理数，①正确；0也是有理数，②错误；0既不是正数也不是负数，③错误；分数只有正、负两种情况，④正确．正确的个数是2个．故选B．8．解：A、在有理数中，没有最大的数，故本选项错误；B、在有理数中，没有最小的数，故本选项错误；C、在有理数中，没有绝对值最大的数，故本选项错误；D、在有理数中，有绝对值最小的数，是0，故本选项正确；故选：D．9．解：A、整数包括正整数、0和负整数，故本选项错误；B、正分数和负分数统称分数，故本选项错误；C、正有理数、0、负有理数统称有理数，故本选项正确；D、正整数、0、负整数统称整数，整数和分数统称有理数，故本选项错误；故选：C．10．解：∵a是最小的自然数，∴a＝0，∵b是最大的负整数的相反数，∴b＝1，∵c是绝对值最小的有理数，∴c＝0，∴a+b+c＝1，故选：B．11．解：在﹣125%；；25；0；﹣0.3；0.67；﹣4；中，非负数有，25，0，0.67，共4个．故选：C．12．解：﹣和﹣是负分数，故选：B．13．解：A、﹣是分数，不符合题意；B、是分数，不符合题意；C、是无理数，不是分数，符合题意；D、80%＝是分数，不符合题意．故选：C．14．解：有理数有﹣，1.010010001，，0，0.1，共5个；﹣π，﹣2.626626662…（每两个2之间多一个6），是无理数；故答案为：5．15．解：属于分数的有：2.1，，﹣2.5；属于整数的有：﹣8，3，0，﹣11，﹣1．16．解：正分数集合：{，4.6…}；负整数集合：{﹣2…}．故答案为：，4.6；﹣2．17．解：整数：﹣4，0，3；分数：﹣10%，﹣1.035，，5.，0.6；⑦；非负整数：0，3．故答案为：①④⑧；②③⑤⑥⑦；④⑧．18．解：非负数有：3.5，，0，10，+21；非正数有：﹣4，﹣2，0；19．解：（1）整数有：﹣9，2020，0，66，故答案为：﹣9，2020，0，66；（2）负分数有：﹣0.314，﹣3，故答案为：﹣0.314，﹣3；（3）非负整数有：2020，0，66，故答案为：2020，0，66．20．解：根据题意得，正整数集合{7，2，…}；正分数集合；负整数集合{﹣301，﹣7，﹣3，…}；负分数集合{﹣9.25，﹣，﹣3.5，﹣，﹣，…}；正数集合{7，，2，5，1.25，…}；负数集合{﹣9.25，﹣，﹣301，﹣3.5，﹣7，﹣，﹣3，﹣，…}．故答案为：正整数集合：7，2；正分数集合；，5，1.25；负整数集合：﹣301，﹣7，﹣3；负分数集合：﹣9.25，﹣，﹣3.5，﹣，﹣；正数集合：7，，2，5，1.25；负数集合：﹣9.25，﹣，﹣301，﹣3.5，﹣7，﹣，﹣3，﹣。
浙江省嘉兴市第一中学高一物理暑期自主学习能力测试（摸底考试）试题 (1)
浙江省嘉兴市第一中学2021-2021学年高一物理暑期自主学习能力测试（摸底考试）试题一、单项选择题（5×8＝40分，每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项正确）一、“小小竹排江中游，巍巍青山两岸走”。
在这两句歌词中，作者在前一句和后一句中所选取的参考系别离是：A．竹排，流水B．流水，青山C．青山，河岸D．河岸，竹排2、关于速度，以下说法中正确的选项是：A．物体在一运动进程中各个时刻的瞬时速度均不为零，但整段运动的平均速度能够为零B．平均速度确实是速度的平均值，它只有大小没有方向，是标量C．百米赛跑运动员冲线时的速度10.3 m/s，是指全程的平均速度D．在变速直线运动中，某段时刻内的平均速度必然能表示该段时刻中间时刻的瞬时速度3、一辆以16m/s的速度在水平路面行驶的汽车，碰到紧急情形刹车，刹车进程中以4m/s2的加速度作匀减速直线运动，那么汽车在5s末的速度是：A．0 m/s B．4m/s C．36m/s D．－4m/s4、一列火车从静止开始做匀加速直线运动，一人站在第一节车箱前端的隔壁观测，第一节车箱通过他历时2s，整列车箱通过他历时6s，那么这列火车的车箱有：A．3节B．6节C．9节D．12节5、汽车在平直的公路上做加速度为0.5m/s2的匀加速运动，那么在任意1s内：A．汽车的末速度必然等于初速度的0.5倍B．汽车的初速度必然比前1s内的末速度大0.5m/sC．汽车的末速度比前1s内的初速度大0.5m/sD．汽车的末速度必然比初速度大0.5m/s六、A、B两个物体在同一直线上作匀变速直线运动，它们的速度图像如下图，那么：A．A、B两物体运动方向必然相反B．头4s内A、B两物体的位移相同C ．t ＝4s 时，A 、B 两物体的速度相同D ．A 物体的加速度比B 物体的加速度大7、声音在金属中的传播速度比在空气中大。
已知声音在空气中传播距离s 和在某金属管道内传播一样距离所需时刻之差为t ，且已知声音在空气中的传播速度为v ，那么声音在该金属管道内的传播速度是：A ．vt s sv -B ．s vt sv -C ．v s vt s ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+D ．t s vt s ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛- 八、甲、乙、丙三辆汽车以相同的速度同时通过某一路标，以后甲车一直作匀速直线运动，乙车先加速后减速运动，丙车先减速后加速运动，它们通过下一路标时的速度又相同，那么：A ．甲车先通过下一个路标B ．乙车先通过下一个路标C ．丙车先通过下一个路标D ．三车同时抵达下一个路标二、不定项选择题（5×6＝30分，每题给出的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个选项正确，有的小题有多个选项正确）九、以下表达正确的选项是：A ．只有体积或质量很小的物体才能够看做质点B ．质点作方向不变的直线运动，位移大小等于路程C ．速度、位移、加速度都是矢量D ．“第2s 内”表示一个时刻10、如下图，三位同窗，从北京到上海，甲乘火车直达，乙乘飞机直达，丙先乘汽车到天津，再换乘轮船到上海，这三位同窗中：A ．甲的位移最小B ．乙的位移最小C ．丙的位移最大D ．三者的位移相同1一、一汽车关闭发动机后沿直线作匀减速滑行直至停止的进程中：A ．汽车的速度、加速度都愈来愈小B ．汽车的位移愈来愈大，速度愈来愈小C ．汽车的位移和速度都愈来愈小D ．汽车的速度转变量与速度的方向始终相反12、下面关于加速度的描述中正确的选项是：A ．加速度描述了物体速度转变的多少B ．加速度描述了物体速度转变的快慢程度C ．加速度慢慢减小时，物体的运动方向可能改变D ．加速度慢慢减小时，物体必然在做减速运动13、一物体做变速直线运动，初速度为v 0，在时刻t 内的位移为x ，末速度为v t ，那么该物体在这段时刻内的平均速度必然等于：A ．tx B ．20t v v - C ．t v v t 0- D ．20v v t + 14、如图为某质点的v —t 图像，有位同窗依照图像得出了下述结论，其中正确的选项是：A ．在t 2时刻，质点离起点最远B ．在t 4时刻，质点回到起点C ．在0～t 2与t 2～t 4这两段时刻内，质点的运动方向相反D ．在t 1～t 2与t 2～t 3这两段时刻内，质点运动的加速度相同三、解答题（共30分，解许诺写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算，只有计算结果将不得分。
新高二学生暑假自主学习练习答案
新高二学生暑假自主学习练习答案Keys to 练习一单选：1-5 ACACD 6-10 ACCDC 11-15 ADCBA16-20 ADDBC完形：1- 5 BDCAA6-10 DBBCC 11-15 DBDAC 16-20 ADBCB阅读：1-4 ADCB 5-8 BDDA任务型阅读：1. being/becoming 2.enjoying 3.protect/keep 4.washing 5.worried6.influence/effect7.too8. value/importance9.Overcoming 10.activities 词汇检测：1. personally 2. hesitate 3. stressed 4. relief 5. confused/considering同义转换：1. height 2. frozen 3. understand 4. whispered 5. made句子翻译：1.By the sense of responsibility, we mean the realization of one’s task, duty or obligation.2.Students should recognize their duty and should be blamed if they fail to carry out their duty.3. Duty calls for the students to study hard，which makes me pick up my courage, face the difficulties and accept the challenge.4.Although the sense of responsibility brings me pressure and worry, yet I should be thankful for it because it encourages me to go on.5.To have a good position in society in the future, I must be responsible for everything I do.动词填空：1. suffering 2. informed 3. (should) broadcast 4. changing 5. will have saved6. was caught7. preferred8. limited9. starving 10. was bent短文填空：1. hungry 2. However 3. Instead 4. owe 5. accept6. left7. up8. where9. in 10. name11. through 12. Dressed 13. recognized 14. determined/decideded 15. attention16. won 17. wrote 18. afraid 19. off 20. spreadKeys to 练习二单选：1-5 BABDA6-10 CCADB 11-15 CADCB 16-20 BADAA完形：1-5 CBDAB 6-10 CDDAB 11-15 ABCDC 16-20 CABCD阅读：1-4 BADD 5-8 DAAB任务型阅读：1. Purpose/Aim/Goal 2. steps 3. competition 4. replaced 5. managed6.twice/double7. allowing8. look9. similar 10. age/grow词汇检测：1.depends 2.opposite 3. embarrassed 4. contributes 5. convenient同义转换：1. interrupt 2. consisting 3. influence/affect 4. regret 5. realized句子翻译：1. The English language was originally formed on the basis of the languages of small tribes inNorthern Europe.2. The success of the programme has contributed greatly to the current interest in pop music.3. I reached a point in my career where I had to decide which way to go at that time.4. Traditional Chinese sports are similar to Western sports in that both are meant to improve people’s health.5. Despite the fact that French did not replace English as the first language, it still had an impact on the English language.动词填空：1. makes sense 2. be related to 3. to have covered 4. added to 5. to be/being stared at6. compared to7. can’t help8. has made great achievements9. afford 10. reached out短文填空：1. weak 2. However 3. tears 4. as 5. dark/darkness6. about7. since8. growing9. control 10. to11. fault 12. felt 13. Where 14. grow 15. Why16. preferred/chose 17. By 18. though/although 19. courage 20. understoodKeys to 练习三单选：1--5ADACA6--10BBCAC 11--15BAACC 16--20ACBDB完型: 1-5ACBDA6-10 DBACA11-15 CDBCD 16-20 ABCDB阅读:1—4 CDCD 5-8 CDAB任务阅读: 1. Tips 2. place 3. Without/ No 4. Special 5. set6. positive7. Expressed8. children9. Help 10. Celebrate词汇检测:1. burying 2. declared 3. cultural 4. gradually 5.destroyed同义转换:1. interests 2. Similarly 3. existed 4. remained 5. performed/conducted/done翻译句子：1. Confucius greatly influenced / had a great influence upon the development of China’s culture and education.2. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand.3. People are wondering who is going to take over the company when the president of the board retires.4. The desert was once a green land with enormous trees, but even that didn’t prevent the city from being buried by sand.5. Not only was Rome a city and a republic, but it was also to become the capital of one of the largest empires in history.动词填空：1. be informed of 2. depends on 3. are banned 4. looking up 5. differs from6. dreamed/dreamt of7. care about8. taken control of9. was adopted10. taken into consideration短文填空：1. dying/eager 2. tired 3. heavy 4. away 5. when6. held7. another8. felt9. so 10. handed11. forehead 12. what 13. across 14. happier 15. lucky16. as 17. meant 18. offer 19. kindness 20. chanceKeys to 练习四单选：1---5 DAADD 6—10 BCCAA11—15 CAACC 16—20 AACCA完型: 1--5 BACAD 6--10 DCACC 11--15 DCDAB 16--20 ABBAD阅读: 1—4 BADA5-8 BCDD任务型阅读: 1. process 2. presentation 3. judge 4. consideration/account 5. compare 6. detail 7. familiar 8. information 9. Dress 10. confident词汇检测: 1. available 2. persuasive 3. intended 4. tricked 5. promote同义转换: 1. appeals 2. fall 3. determined 4. recommended 5. beneficial翻译句子：1. A commercial advertisement is one that someone has paid for to promote a product or service.2. This disease is quite common to the old but ninety percent of the patients can be cured of thedisease.3. His father meant him to be an engineer but he was never meant for an engineer.4. There are lots of different ways to get your message across when you are putting together an ad campaign.5. Y ou may want to ask yourself what parts of this product your target buyers would care about or be concerned with.动词填空：1. get it across 2. deals with 3. fell for 4. is; used to 5. to put; together6. was satisfied with7. trick; into8. was aware of9. appeals to 10. committing suicide短文填空: mercial 2. promote 3. service 4. intended/meant 5. welfare6. lies7. customers8. serve9. lead/live 10.satisfy/meetKeys to 练习五单项选择：1-5 BDAAB 6-10 DBDAC 11-15 CCBDC 16-20 DCBDA完形填空：1-5 BDACD 6-10 AADAB 11-15 BDCCB 16-20 CACAB阅读理解：1-4 DACB 5-8 CBCA任务型阅读：1. While/Though/Although 2. weight 3. forced 4.exercise 5. lose6. tired7. provided8. suffer9. containing 10. reducing/losing词汇检测：1. competing 2. absence 3. Involved 4. ensure 5. balanced同义转换：1. attempted 2. significance/importance 3. briefly 4. remove 5. considered/recognized/ regarded句子翻译：1. No matter what difficulties we meet with, we will try our best to overcome them.2. Michael Jordan is recognized as one of the most famous NBA superstars in the USA.3. Their dream was that the Olympic Games would make it possible for countries and people to live side by side in peace.4. His suggestions played a leading role in the rapid development of the company.5. These are some of the Olympic athletes who have brought joy to people across the world withtheir attempts to push the boundaries of human achievements.动词填空：1. results in 2. been aware of 3.was invited 4. glanced at5. decorated with6. poured out7. rose up against8.broke down短文填空：1. gather 2. August 3. where 4. regions 5. power6. achieved7. international8. including9. impressed 10. promise。
高一暑期自主学习训练(一)语文试题 Word版含答案 (1)
长沙市一中高2015级暑假自主学习语文训练（一）试卷说明：本试卷满分为90分（作文已另外布置）。
一、语言基础知识（每小题3分，共15分）1.下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一项是（）A.遒．（qiú）劲追溯．（sù）彳．（chì）亍忤．（wǔ）逆不孝B.彷．（páng）徨参乘．（chén g）火钵．（bō）瞋．（chēn）目切齿C.冰屑．（xiè）彘．（zhì）肩虞姬．（jī）悄．（qiāo）然无声D.氾．(fàn)南箕．（jī）踞骨髓．（suǐ）忸怩．（ní）不安2.下列词语中，没有错别字的一项是（）A.目不暇接叱骂寥廓箭拔弩张B.睚眦必报瓦菲凄惋潺潺涓涓C.峥嵘岁月笙箫碣石图穷匕见D.耳濡目染覆盖斑斓脍灸人口3.下列各句中，成语使用正确的一项是（）A.当我们在视频中看到比尔·盖茨接受“冰桶挑战”后，我们知道这是一位无所畏惧而且为所欲为．．．．的勇士！B.以安培晋三为代表的日本右翼势力在历史问题上的危言危行．．．．，受到了日本国内爱好和平的有识之士的强烈谴责。
C.当今诗坛颇不景气，想到唐诗的“万里悲秋”、“浮生若梦”，忆起宋词的“晓风残月”、“大江东去”，不禁让人产生今非昔比．．．．的感觉。
D.曼联队主教练范加尔指出，鲁尼现在的状态确实有退步，最突出的表现是在赛场上少了以往那种舍我其谁．．．．的霸气。
4.下列各句中，没有语病的一项是（）A.随着武石、武冈城铁正式开通，武汉的火车站数目已达到50个，成为省际、省内换乘出行最方便的城市。
B.9月18日，苏格兰独立公投将正式举行，登记在册的400万投票者将决定苏格兰是否脱离英国而重新成为一个独立国家。
C.大地震发生后，社会各界为灾区学生捐献了大量救灾物资：衣服、衬衫、面包、矿泉水、帐篷等。
D.戴望舒在失恋之后好不容易再次恋爱，无论从爱情本身还是家庭利益考虑，戴望舒对穆丽娟来说都是弥足珍贵的。
《第1章有理数》暑假自主学习基础达标训练2021年人教版七年级数学上册
2021年人教版七年级数学上册《第1章有理数》暑假自主学习基础达标训练（附答案）1．2020年3月抗击“新冠肺炎”居家学习期间，小华计划每天背诵6个汉语成语．将超过的个数记为正数，不足的个数记为负数，某一周连续5天的背诵记录如下：+4，0，+5，﹣3，+2，则这5天他共背诵汉语成语（）A．38个B．36个C．34个D．30个2．在﹣，，0，﹣1，0.4，π，2，﹣3，﹣6这些数中，有理数有m个，自然数有n个，分数有k个，则m﹣n﹣k的值为（）A．3B．2C．1D．43．如图，圆的周长为4个单位长度．在该圆的4等分点处分别标上数字0、1、2、3，先让圆周上表示数字0的点与数轴上表示数﹣1的点重合，再将数轴按逆时针方向环绕在该圆上．则数轴上表示数﹣2018的点与圆周上表示数字（）的点重合．A．0B．1C．2D．34．a，b互为相反数，下列各数中，互为相反数的一组为（）A．a2与b2B．a3与b5C．a2n与b2n（n为正整数）D．a2n+1与b2n+1（n为正整数）5．﹣2020的绝对值是（）A．﹣2020B．2020C．﹣D．6．如果xy＝1，那么①；②；③x，y互为倒数；④x，y都不能为零．其中正确的结论有（）A．1个B．2个C．3个D．4个7．m是有理数，则m+|m|（）A．可以是负数B．不可能是负数C．一定是正数D．可是正数也可是负数8．将1，2，3，4，…，12，13这13个整数分为两组，使得一组中所有数的和比另一组中所有数的和大10，这样的分组方法（）A．只有一种B．恰有两种C．多于三种D．不存在9．如图，数轴上A、B、C三点所表示的数分别为a、b、c，满足a+b﹣c＝0且AB＝BC．那么下列各式正确的是（）A．a+c＜0B．ac＞0C．bc＜0D．ab＜010．若ab≠0，则的值不可能是（）A．0B．1C．2D．﹣211．一根1m长的绳子，第一次剪去绳子的，第二次剪去剩下绳子的，如此剪下去，第100次剪完后剩下绳子的长度是（）A．B．C．D．12．下列四个算式：①﹣2﹣3＝﹣1；②2﹣|﹣3|＝﹣1；③（﹣2）3＝﹣6；④﹣2÷＝﹣6．其中，正确的算式有（）A．0个B．1个C．2个D．3个13．用四舍五入法按要求把2.0503分别取近似数，其中错误的是（）A．2.1（精确到0.1）B．2.05（精确到0.001）C．2.05（精确到百分位）D．2.050（精确到千分位）14．随着我国综合国力的提升，中华文化影响日益增强，学中文的外国人越来越多，中文已成为美国居民的第二外语，美国常讲中文的人口约有2100000，请将“2100000”用科学记数法表示为（）A．0.21×107B．2.1×106C．21×105D．2.1×107 15．PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5μm（1μm＝0.000001m）的颗粒物，也称为可入肺颗粒物，它们含有大量的有毒、有害物质，对人体健康和大气环境质量有很大危害．2.5μm 用科学记数法可表示为（）A．2.5×10﹣5m B．0.25×10﹣7m C．2.5×10﹣6m D．25×10﹣5m 16．某公交车原坐有22人，经过4个站点时上下车情况如下（上车为正，下车为负）：（+4，﹣8），（﹣5，+6），（﹣3，+2），（+1，﹣7），则车上还有人．17．观察下面一列数：﹣1，2，﹣3，4，﹣5，6，﹣7，…将这列数排成下列形式：按照上述规律排下去，那么第10行从左边数第9个数是；数﹣201是第行从左边数第个数．18．数轴上表示﹣4.5与2.5之间的所有整数之和是．19．﹣8的相反数是．如果﹣a＝2，则a＝．20．﹣3的绝对值等于．21．3的相反数是；﹣1.5的倒数是．22．绝对值大于1而小于3.5的所有整数的和为．23．某市2020年元旦的最低气温为﹣2℃，最高气温为8℃，这一天的最高气温比最低气温高℃．24．计算：3﹣（﹣5）+7＝．25．若数m＝2×5×7，n＝2×3×7，则m和n的最小公倍数是．26．一个检修小组从A地出发，在东西方向的马路上检修线路，如果规定向东行驶为正，向西行驶为负，某天行车里程（单位：千米）依先后次序记录如下：﹣4，+7，﹣9，+8，+6，﹣5，﹣2．（1）请问收工时检修小组离A地多远？在A地的什么方向？（2）若每千米耗油0.1升，请问这天共耗油多少升？27．（﹣+）×（﹣24）．28．“幸福是奋斗出来的”，在数轴上，若C到A的距离刚好是3，则C点叫做A的“幸福点”，若C到A、B的距离之和为6，则C叫做A、B的“幸福中心”（1）如图1，点A表示的数为﹣1，则A的幸福点C所表示的数应该是；（2）如图2，M、N为数轴上两点，点M所表示的数为4，点N所表示的数为﹣2，点C 就是M、N的幸福中心，则C所表示的数可以是（填一个即可）；（3）如图3，A、B、P为数轴上三点，点A所表示的数为﹣1，点B所表示的数为4，点P所表示的数为8，现有一只电子蚂蚁从点P出发，以2个单位每秒的速度向左运动，当经过多少秒时，电子蚂蚁是A和B的幸福中心？29．①已知x的相反数是﹣2，且2x+3a＝5，求a的值．②已知﹣[﹣（﹣a）]＝8，求a的相反数．30．计算：已知|x|＝，|y|＝，且x＜y＜0，求6÷（x﹣y）的值．31．若a、b互为相反数，c、d互为倒数，m的绝对值为2．（1）直接写出a+b，cd，m的值；（2）求m+cd+的值．32．教师节当天，出租车司机小王在东西向的街道上免费接送教师，规定向东为正，向西为负，当天出租车的行程如下（单位：千米）：+5，﹣4，﹣8，+10，+3，﹣6，+7，﹣11．（1）将最后一名老师送到目的地时，小王距出发地多少千米？方位如何？（2）若汽车耗油量为0.2升/千米，则当天耗油多少升？若汽油价格为6.20元/升，则小王共花费了多少元钱？33．全班学生分成五个组进行游戏，每个组的基本分为100分，答对一题加50分，答错一题扣50分，游戏结束时，各组的分数如下；第一组第二组第三组第四组第五组100150﹣400350﹣100（1）第一名超出第二名多少分？（2）第一名超出第五名多少分？34．小明用了32元钱买了8块毛巾，准备以一定价格出售，如果每块以5元的价格为标准，超出的记着正数，不足的记着负数；记录如下：0.5、﹣1、﹣1.5、1、﹣2、﹣1、2、0．当小明卖完毛巾时，他是盈还是亏？盈多少钱？亏多少钱？参考答案1．解：（+4+0+5﹣3+2）+5×6＝38个，∴这5天他共背诵汉语成语38个，故选：A．2．解：根据题意m＝8，n＝2，k＝3，所以m﹣n﹣k＝8﹣2﹣3＝8﹣5＝3．故选：A．3．解：∵﹣1﹣（﹣2022）＝2021，2021÷4＝505…1，∴数轴上表示数﹣2022的点与圆周上起点处表示的数字重合，即与3重合．故选：D．4．解：A、a，b互为相反数，则a2＝b2，故A错误；B、a，b互为相反数，则a3＝﹣b3，故a3与b5不一定互为相反数，故B错误；C、a，b互为相反数，则a2n＝b2n，故C错误；D、a，b互为相反数，由于2n+1是奇数，则a2n+1与b2n+1互为相反数，故D正确；故选：D．5．解：根据绝对值的概念可知：|﹣2020|＝2020，故选：B．6．解：∵xy＝1，∴x，y都不能为零，④是正确的；在xy＝1的两边分别除以x、y得x＝，y＝，∴①，②是正确的；根据倒数的定义得③是正确的．故选：D．7．解：当m＞0时，m+|m|＞0，当m＝0时，m+|m|＝0，当m＜0时，m+|m|＝0，故选：B．8．解：1+2+…+13＝91，分为两组，一组的和为x，另一组的和为x﹣10，x+x﹣10＝91，x ＝，∵x为整数，∴没法分，故选：D．9．解：∵AB＝BC，∴b﹣a＝c﹣b，∴a+c＝2b，∵a+b﹣c＝0，即c＝a+b，∴a+（a+b）＝2b，∴b＝2a，∴c＝a+b＝3a，∵a＜b＜c，∴a＞0，b＞0，c＞0，∴a+c＞0，则A选项错误；ac＞0，则B选项正确；bc＞0，则C错误；ab＞0，则D错误．故选：B．10．解：当a＞0，b＞0时，原式＝1+1＝2；当a＞0，b＜0时，原式＝1﹣1＝0；当a＜0，b＞0时，原式＝﹣1+1＝0；当a＜0，b＜0时，原式＝﹣1﹣1＝﹣2，综上，原式的值不可能为1．故选：B．11．解：∵第一次剪去绳子的，还剩m；第二次剪去剩下绳子的，还剩＝m，……∴第100次剪去剩下绳子的后，剩下绳子的长度为（）100m；故选：C．12．解：①﹣2﹣3＝﹣5，此计算错误；②2﹣|﹣3|＝2﹣3＝﹣1，此计算正确；③（﹣2）3＝﹣8，此计算错误；④﹣2÷＝﹣2×3＝﹣6，此计算正确；故选：C．13．解：A、2.1（精确到0.1），正确；B、2.05（精确到0.01），故本选项错误；C、2.05（精确到百分位），正确；D、2.050（精确到千分位），正确；故选：B．14．解：210万＝2.1×106，故选：B．15．解：2.5μm×0.000001m＝2.5×10﹣6m；故选：C．16．解：由题意，得22+4+（﹣8）+6+（﹣5）+2+（﹣3）+1+（﹣7）＝12（人），故答案为：1217．解：根据题意，每一行最末的数字的绝对值是行数的平方，且奇数前带有负号，偶数前是正号；如第四行最末的数字是42＝16，第9行最后的数字是﹣81，∴第10行从左边数第9个数是81+9＝90，∵﹣201＝﹣（142+5），∴是第15行从左边数第5个数．故应填：90；15；5．18．解：如图所示：，数轴上表示﹣4.5与2.5之间的所有整数为：﹣4，﹣3，﹣2，﹣1，0，1，2，故符合题意的所有整数之和是：﹣4﹣3﹣2﹣1+0+1+2＝﹣7．故答案为：﹣7．19．解：﹣8的相反数是8．如果﹣a＝2，则a＝﹣2．故答案为：8，﹣2．20．解：﹣3的绝对值等3．故答案为：3．21．解：3的相反数是﹣3；﹣1.5的倒数是﹣，故答案为：﹣3，﹣22．解：绝对值大于1而小于3.5的整数包括±2，±32+（﹣2）+3+（﹣3）＝0．故答案为：0．23．解：8﹣（﹣2）＝10（℃），∴这一天的最高气温比最低气温高10℃．故答案为：10．24．解：3﹣（﹣5）+7＝3+5+7＝15故答案为15．25．解：m＝2×5×7n＝2×3×7所以m和n的最小公倍数是2×3×7×5＝210．故答案为：210．26．解：（1）根据正负数的运算法则，把一天行驶记录相加即可得到收工时检修小组离A 地的距离，在A地的哪个方向，即﹣4+7﹣9+8+6﹣5﹣2＝1，故收工时检修小组离A地1千米，在A地的东方．（2）每次记录的绝对值的和×0.1就是这天中的耗油量，即|﹣4|+|7|+|﹣9|+|8|+|6|+|﹣5|+|﹣2|＝41千米，41×0.1＝4.1升．故这辆汽车共耗油4.1升．27．解：原式＝﹣12+4﹣8＝﹣16．28．解：（1）A的幸福点C所表示的数应该是﹣1﹣3＝﹣4或﹣1+3＝2；（2）∵4﹣（﹣2）＝6，∴M，N之间的所有数都是M，N的幸福中心．故C所表示的数可以是﹣2或﹣1或0或1或2或3或4（答案不唯一）；（3）设经过x秒时，电子蚂蚁是A和B的幸福中心，依题意有①8﹣2x﹣4+（8﹣2x+1）＝6，解得x＝1.75；②4﹣（8﹣2x）+[﹣1﹣（8﹣2x）]＝6，解得x＝4.75．故当经过1.75秒或4.75秒时，电子蚂蚁是A和B的幸福中心．29．解：①∵x的相反数是﹣2，且2x+3a＝5，∴x＝2，故4+3a＝5，解得：a＝；②∵﹣[﹣（﹣a）]＝8，∴a＝﹣8，∴a的相反数是8．30．解：∵|x|＝，|y|＝，且x＜y＜0，∴x＝﹣，y＝﹣，∴6÷（x﹣y）＝6÷（﹣+）＝﹣36．31．解：（1）∵a、b互为相反数，c、d互为倒数，m的绝对值为2，∴a+b＝0，cd＝1，m＝±2．（2）当m＝2时，m+cd+＝2+1+0＝3；当m＝﹣2时，m+cd+＝﹣2+1+0＝﹣1．32．解：（1）+5﹣4﹣8+10+3﹣6+7﹣11＝﹣4，则距出发地西边4千米；（2）汽车的总路程是：5+4+8+10+3+6+7+11＝54千米，则耗油是54×0.2＝10.8升，花费10.8×6.20＝66.96元，答：小王距出发地西边4千米；耗油10.8升，花费66.96元．33．解：（1）第一名为第四组，第二名为第二组，350﹣150＝200（分）；（2）第一名为第四组，第五名为第三组，350﹣（﹣400）＝350+400＝750（分）．34．解：0.5﹣1﹣1.5+1﹣2﹣1+2+0＝﹣2，那么总销售额：5×8﹣2＝38元，成本价：32元；因此共盈利：38﹣32＝6元．故小明买完毛巾时，盈利了6元．。
高一暑假自主学习英语测试题(一)
高一年级暑假自主学习英语测试题(一)Part II Language Knowledge (45 marks)Section A (15 marks)Directions: For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.21.______ to be the symbol of the nation, the Great Wall has been well preserved.A.ConsiderB.ConsideringC.ConsideredD.To consider22.On weekends there were a lot of children playing in the park, ______ parents seated together joking.A.whoseB.theirC.whichD.that23.He wants to use the same dictionary ______ was used yesterday.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.as24.______ is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.ItB.ThatC.AsD.What25.Mary had just finished her homework ______ her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.A.whileB.whenC.sinceD.after26.The old man stood still with his eyes ______ on the photo on the wall.A.to fixB.fixedC.fixD.fixing27.Jenny hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interest.A.anyoneB.no matter whoC.whoeverD.whomever28.The man certainly deserves ______ to prison because he kills a girl cruelly.A.to sendB.to be sentC.being sentD.send29.I want to make ______ clear that I have no prejudice against you.A.itB.thatC.thisD.one30.The main reason for her preference for city life is ______ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A.whyB.thatC.whatD.because31.It was not until dark _______ he found ______ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.A.that;whatB.when;whatC.that;thatD.when;that32.______ all over the hills and around the river are wild flowers of different kinds.A.GrowB.GrowingC.To growD.Grown33.Please remember to send me a photo of us next time you _______ to me.A.will writeB.have writeC.writeD.would write34.Word came ______ the students would put off the outing until next week, when they wouldn’t be busy.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.whether35.Hardly ______ the papers on his desk when the door burst open.A.he collectedB.he had collectedC.did he collectD.had he collectedSection B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that bestfits the context.One Saturday, I got a phone call about electrical problems. Since I am not an electrician, I quickly 36 that the woman on the line had the wrong number. The woman on the phone sounded extremely 37 as her electricity wasn’t working. Her husband tried to replace a wall switch, but now some of their lights wouldn’t turnon, and the heat had 38 .The woman thought she was calling an electrician who had done work for her inthe past. I had just recently changed my number and she got me instead. I’m notan electrician but I do work with 39 .I 40 her that she had the wrong number, and I didn’t know what her old electrician changed his number to. She 41 , and we said goodbye. After I hungup the phone I thought maybe I could help her so I dialed back and found out shewas just one town over.When I got to her house, I told her I would help her, but I would not 42 any money. This confused her and she asked why I would bother if I wasn’t getting paid. I told her it was an act of 43 and to “pay it forward”. The couple,who were both retired, seemed 44 and said they had never met anyone like me.Her husband had installed the wrong switch which was causing a short(短路).After I was done, they thanked me and tried to give me some money. I told them I wouldn’t accept anything, and that the best 45 would be to find someone elseto help out. I also said if you can’t find someone else to repay then just be extranice to each other. They were both incredibly happy that I 46 to solve their electrical problems quickly, but I think I was even 47 at the opportunityto help them.36.A.noticed B.imagined C.believed D.realized37.A.anxious B.excited C.desperate D.curious38.A.shown off B.paid off C.shut off D.taken offanization B.electricity C.decoration D.engineering40.A.encouraged B.blamed C.taught rmed41.A.apologized ughed C.shouted D.nodded42.A.provide B.receive C.reward D.accept43.A.honesty B .kindness C.courage D.friendship44.A.embarrassed B .eased C.interested D.surprised45.A.decision B.solution C.reaction D.payment46.A.decided B.succeeded C.managed D.promised47.A.better B.happier C.easier D.strongerSection C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.Each of us is different and our body clocks are different 48 . Some ofus can stay awake and work till late in the night, without feeling tired, 49others may find it easy to wake up and start work early, instead of continuing latein the night. These tendencies make some of us “night persons”and 50 “morning persons”. So if you are a morning person, the best time to exercise foryou would be mornings, when you feel energetic. 51 , if you are a night person, who hates to wake up early, afternoons or evenings will suit you more for exercising.If you want to know when is the best time to exercise to burn fat, then morningsare the ideal choice. 52 are mornings considered the best time to exercisefor weight loss? There is 53 scientific explanation for that. When a person exercises in the afternoon or in the evening, he is simply burning the calories coming from 54 he has eaten last. But when he exercises on an empty stomach in the morning, he is burning calories 55 are stored in the body as fat. Therefore,the best time to exercise to lose weight is in the morning.Part III Reading Comprehension (30 marks)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.AThree Central Texas men were honored with the Texas Department of Public Safety’s Director’s Award in a Tuesday morning ceremony for their heroism in savingthe victims of a serious two-car accident.The accident occurred on March 25 when a vehicle lost control while travelingon rain-soaked State Highway 6 near Baylor Camp Road. It ran into an oncoming vehicles burst into flames.Bonge was the first on the scene and heard children screaming. He broke througha back window and pulled Mallory Smith, 10, and her sister, Megan Smith, 9, fromthe wreckage.The girl s’ mother, Beckie Smith, was not with them at the time of the wreck,as they were traveling with their baby sitter, Lisa Bowbin.Beckie Smith still remembers the sickening feeling she had upon receiving thecall informing her of the wreck and the despair as she drove to the scene.Bozeman and Clemmons arrived shortly after Bonge and helped rescue the other victims and attempted to put out the fires.“I was nervous,” Bozeman said. “I don’t feel like I’m a hero. I was just doing what anyone should do in that situation. I hope someone would do the same for me.”Everyone at the accident made it out alive, with the victims suffering from nonlife-threatening injuries. Mallory Smith broke both femurs, and Megan had neckand back injuries. Bowbin is still recovering from a broken pelvis, ankle and foot.The rescuers also were taken to the hospital and treated for cuts and smoke breathing, Bonge said.In addition, Bozeman got to meet accident victim Anthony Russo in the hospital after the accident, where Russo presented him with a glass frame inscribed with “Thank you”, Bozeman said. Those involved in that fateful encounter on Highway6 credited God blessing for bringing them together.“Whatever the circumstances, Tuesday’s ceremony provided a time to be grateful for those who put their lives on the line for the lives of complete strangers,” Beckie Smith said, “We’re calling it The Miracle on Highway 6.”56.What’s the main idea of the passage?A.Three persons were awarded for rescuing victims in a car accident.B.Three ordinary people were regarded as great heroes.C.Several victims were carried to safety from the burning cars.D.A car accident occurred on rain-soaked State Highway 6.57.Who saved Megan Smith from the damaged car?A.ClemmonsB.Anthony RussoC.BozemanD.Bonge58.Which of the following can be used to describe Bozeman?A.Kind.B.Modest.C.Excited.D.Smart.59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Luckily, no one received too serious injuries in the accident.B.All the victims received slight injuries in the accident.C.The rescuers were taken to the hospital to visit the victims.D.The injured will soon recover from their injuries.60.It can be inferred from what Beckie Smith said that _________.A.she regarded the accident as a wonderB.she was frightened by the serious accidentC.she thought highly of the rescuersD.she called on others to learn from the rescuersBMost American students go to traditional public schools.There are about 88,000 public schools all over the US. Some students attend about 3,000 independent public schools called charter schools.Charter schools are self-governing. Private companies operate some charter schools. They are similar in some ways to traditional public schools. They receive tax just as other public schools do. Charter schools must prove to local or state governments that their students are learning. These governments provide the schools with the agreement called a charter that permits them to operate.Charter schools are different because they do not have to obey most laws governing traditional public schools. Local, state or federal governments cannot tell them what to teach. Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to reach them. Class size is usually smaller than in traditional public schools.Governments strongly support charter schools as a way to re-organize public schools that are failing to educate students. But some education agencies and unions oppose charter schools. One teachers’ union has just made public the results of the first national study comparing the progress of students in traditional schools and charter schools.The American Federation of Teachers criticized the government’s delay in releasing the results of the study, which is called the National Assessment ofEducational Progress. Union education experts say the study shows that charter school students performed worse in math and reading tests than students in regular public schools.Some experts say the study is not a fair look at charter schools because students in those schools have more problems than students in traditional schools. Other education experts say the study results should make charter school officials demand more students progress.61.If a private company wants to operate a charter school, it must __________.A.try new methods of teachingB.prove its management abilityC.obey all local and state lawsD.get the government’s permission62.Charter schools are independent because ____________.A.they make greater progressB.their class size is smallerC.they enjoy more freedomD.they oppose traditional ways63.What’s the governments’ attitude toward charter schools?A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Subjective.D.Optimistic.64.What can we learn from the text?A.More students choose to attend charter schools.B.Charter schools are better than traditional schools.C.Students in charter schools are well educated.D.People have different opinions about charter schools.65.It can be inferred from the text that _________.A.charter schools are part of the public education systemB.one-on-one attention should be paid to studentsC.the number of charter schools will be limitedD.charter schools are all privately financedCWhen I was 13, my bedroom walls were covered with posters of the Monkees and Beatles. I wrote fan letters and daydreamed about meeting the objects of my affections. I begged my parents to attend every rock concert and watch every TV show featuring my favorite celebrities(名人); my friends and I discussed for hours all the things we would say and do when we met our favorite movie stars and pop singers.I drove my mother crazy! But after a few years, my obsession(迷恋) with stars faded as I matured and gained the confidence to socialize with “real” boys.In the 35 years since I was a teenager, celebrity worship(崇拜) has increased among teens due to the explosion of television celebrity gossip shows, and instant access to celebrity news on the Internet. It’s no wonder that many teens are obsessed with stars when news programs often are filled with entertainment stories and the lives of celebrities.Celebrity worship syndrome(综合症) is now considered a personality disorder. While it is normal for teenagers to follow the lives of their favorite stars, parents should try to monitor everything their child finds interesting. Parents should take action if they suspect a teen is too obsessed with celebrities and showing little interest in school or withdrawing from the family. When teens talk a lot aboutcelebrities and view them as just means of entertainment, this is considered normal celebrity worship. However, when a teenager is obsessed with a star and often expresses a desire to have a close personal relationship with a celebrity or feels they have a special connection to a star, this may be the time for concern. Recent studies have shown that teens who develop an unhealthy obsession with celebrities often suffer from low self-confidence and depression. Teens who are overly obsessed with stars often have damaged relationships with their parents.66.The first paragraph is intended to tell us ________.A.it’s normal for a teen to have celebrity worshipB.celebrity worship can cause serious problemsC.parents needn’t worry about celebrity worshipD.celebrity worship only exists among teens67.We learn from the second paragraph that _________.A.teens today are not so obsessed with celebritiesB.the author is surprised at celebrity worshipC.the media greatly contributes to celebrity worship todayD.celebrities expose their lives too much68.Parents should become concerned when their children _________.A.talk a lot about celebrities with othersB.put up celebrity posters on their bedroom wallsC.ask to go to their favorite star’s concertD.desire a close personal relationship with their favorite star69.The last paragraph implies that __________.A.parents should not care too much about a child’s celebrity worshipB.celebrity worship syndrome can be a serious problem if left overlookedC.children can normally get out of celebrity worship when they are olderD.children with celebrity worship usually have a high opinion of themselves70.What is most likely to be talked about in the paragraph following the passage?A.The harm of celebrity worship syndrome.B.More signs of celebrity worship syndrome.C.What to do with children’s celebrity worship syndrome.D.Who will suffer most from celebrity worship syndrome.Part IV Writing (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture. This process helps us to deal with culture shock when we move from one culture to another.Culture begins with the “honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. We may be suffering from jet lag but we are thrilled to be in the new environment. This stage can last for quite a long time because we feel we are involved I somekind of great adventure.Unfortunately, the second stage can be more difficult. After we have settled down into our new life, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland, our family, friends and pets. All the little problems in life seem to be much bigger and more disturbing when you face them in a foreign culture. This period of cultural adjustment can be very difficult and lead to the new arrival rejecting or pulling away from the new culture.The third stage is called the “adjustment stage”. This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humor usually become stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor!The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them.There is a fifth stage of culture shock which is called “reverse culture shock”. Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a real struggle!Title: Living in a new cultureMain ideaPsychological stages human beings pass through when they move to a new culture. Ⅰ. 71●Experiencing 72 for the first time●Feeling as if you are experiencing a/an 73 so that it possiblylasts for a long time.Ⅱ.Second stage●Becoming very tired and 74 after settling down into new life. ●Being disturbed by 75 in life.●Having a difficult cultural adjustment, with some newcomers refusing to accept the new culture.Ⅲ. 76●Having a stronger sense of humor.●Becoming stronger by learning to 77 yourself.●Surviving in yourself and your new surroundings despite difficulties.Ⅳ.At ease at last●Feeling quite comfortable.●Having the ability to 78 most problems.Ⅴ.Reverse culture shockFeeling 79 when going back because of 80 in yourself and your native culture.Section B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to theinformation given in the passage.The clownfish which became famous in the animated movie Finding Nemo is the latest climate change, according to a paper recently released.Munday, of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, says clownfish larvae use their sense of smell to guide them to reefs and to distinguish between good and unsuitable homes.Researcher Dr. Philip Munday shows that ocean acidification caused by rising CO2 emissions affects the orange baby clownfish’s sense of smell, which is essential to it finding a suitable and safe home.Munday says that the bad condition can lead to the decline of adult clownfish populations and many other coastal species.For the study, the clownfish were raised in water at the same pH level as current levels in the open ocean and in water at pH levels of 1,000 parts her million CO2. Currently, CO2levels in the ocean are now about 390 parts per million. The IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) predicts that this may rise to high as 1,000 parts per million by 2100.The fish were then placed in specially designed tanks that contained streams of water in which the leaves of the tropical rainforest tree or swamp tree had been added.In water at pH levels the same as today’s ocean, the clownfish spent 93% of their time in the stream of water in which the rainforest leaves had been in. The fish completely avoided the Melaluca stream of water. However, under the 2100 scenario, the clownfish spent more than 80% of their time in the Melaluca stream. The ability to discriminate between water containing the smell of their parents and other adult clownfish was also lost in the more acidic water.“What our study is showing is that animal behaviour is affected by the acidification of the oceans,”Munday says. “It’s opening our eyes to another issue of acidification that we need to be aware of.”81.Why are the clownfish known by many people? (No more than 9 words) (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ 82.What is clownfish larvae’s sense of smell special in? (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)_______________________________________________________________________________ 83.What did the researchers do to find out if the clownfish were affected by ocean acidification? (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)_______________________________________________________________________________ 84.What can we know from the research? (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)_______________________________________________________________________________Section C (25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.假定你班在“珍爱生命,拒闯红灯”教育活动中,召开了一次主题班会。
长郡中学高一语文暑假自主学习作业本(二十五)(1)(含参考答案)
高中暑假自主学习作业本·高一年级语文语文作业二十五一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题，19分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～5小题。
材料一央视纪录片《我在故宫修文物》的热播，让文物修复师这个有点冷门的职业成为大家顶礼膜拜的对象。
儒雅睿智的钟表修复师王津喜提“故宫男神”称号，吸引越来越多的网友想去故宫拜师学艺。
8月30日，国家级非遗项目古钟表修复技艺第三代传承人王津在成都参加活动，分享故宫修钟表的那些事儿。
当他展出了一小段宫廷钟表修复完成之后的视频，清脆悦耳的报时声音，潺潺流水的仿真造型，让全场观众情不自禁地鼓掌，向大国工匠致敬。
1977年，王津来到故宫博物院文保科技部从事文物钟表修复与保护工作，与此同时，故宫第一代钟表复师徐文磷的儿子、第二代钟表修复师徐芳洲正式退休。
站在徐芳洲先生的工作台前，探索着使用对方留下的工具，王津静下心来，对抗时间在钟表上留下的痕迹，成为一个“修复时间”的“魔法师”。
择一事，“钟”一生。
王津在多个演讲中这样概括自己的职业生涯。
工艺繁复的钟表，钟爱一生的职业，同时，用坚持、匠心和技艺与时光抗衡。
用43年的岁月，坚持做一件事——修复钟表，传承技艺，王津的工作是与时间为友，静下心后，慢慢就不觉得枯燥了。
“透过文物，你可以看见前人的匠心精神，也可以窥见一个时代的兴衰更迭。
”从事钟表修复工作39年之后，2017年，因为纪录片《我在故宫修文物》的热播，儒雅睿智的王津突然变成“网红”，出门不仅经常会被人认出，还收到了录制综艺节目的邀约。
不过，王津对自己的“走红”非常淡然：“谢谢大家的喜爱，故宫的文物比我更加吸引人，吸引大家的是我手里的钟表，那是几代人修复的成果。
”43年来，王津修复的各类文物钟表多达300多件，其中修复过最为复杂的数十件馆藏钟表一级文物。
在王津看来，钟表修复比较枯燥，要想修好一件馆藏古钟，耗时少则两个月，多则一年，只有真正喜爱这项事业的人，才可能耐得住寂寞。
山东省临沂一中高一数学2009年暑假自主学习作业
假期叮咛同学们，快乐的暑假开始了，你们一定有许多打算――参加社会实践活动，帮父母干些力所能及的事，补一补自己的弱科，或者参加一些有意义的活动……为了帮助大家度过一个充实、幸福的假期，我们精心准备了下面的20套小练习，以便巩固所学内容，使你的数学水平更上一个小台阶！你一定要好好利用哦！1． 山东省临沂一中高一数学2009年暑假自主学习作业定时完成有些同学有拖拖拉拉的坏习气，学习效率很低，其实改变这种状况并不困难，你只需在你做这些练习之前预先估计完成每份练习的时间，然后要求自己务必在这段时间内完成就可以了。
不用多久你就成了一位做事效率特高的能手了，不信就试一试？对于平时基础较好的同学我们建议每份练习在30分钟内完成，基础差一些的，可以在60分钟内完成。
2． 有不会的题目时，不要急着看答案每份练习都在后面附有答案，这可不是要你做一题看一看答案，而是在你完全做完后对照答案分析自己做题的效果，以及找寻自己还存在的问题。
如果个别题目不会，你可以暂时先放一放，等做完整份练习后再做思考，说不定通过做其他题目，你能获得启发，自己做出难题，更有成就感的。
3． 不同基础的同学可按照不同的方式完成基础较好的同学对过去学过的内容遗忘较少，可以先做题，待出现有记不准的内容时再看相关教材。
基础差一点的同学，可以先看看相关内容，熟悉一下知识后再做，这样能保证你受到较少的磨难，得到同样的效果。
50天的假期，不短也不长，在你背起书包返回学校的路上，希望你的背包里塞满自信和憧憬，千万不要被遗憾占据哦！一、集合. 完成日期7月14日 家长签字：一、选择题1．设集合{|32}M m m =∈-<<Z ，{|13}N n n MN =∈-=Z 则，≤≤（ ） A ．{}01，B ．{}101-，，C ．{}012，，D ．{}1012-，，， 2.集合{}{}|lg ,1,2,1,1,2A y R y x x B =∈=>=--，则下列结论中正确的是（ ） A.{}2,1AB =-- B.()(),0R A B =-∞ C.()0,A B =+∞ D.(){}2,1R A B =--3.(08北京)．已知全集U =R ，集合{}|23A x x =-≤≤，{}|14B x x x =<->或，那么集合()U A B 等于（ ）A ．{}|24x x -<≤B ．{}|34x x x 或≤≥ C ．{}|21x x -<-≤ D ．{}|13x x -≤≤4.(08江西)定义集合运算:{},,.A B z z xy x A y B *==∈∈设{}1,2A =,{}0,2B =,则集合A B *的所有元素之和为（ ）A ．0B ．2C ．3D ．65.（08山东）满足1234{, , , }M a a a a ⊆,且12312{, , }{, }M a a a a a =的集合M 的个数是（ ）A.1B.2C.3D.46.（02全国）设集合M ={x | 124k x =+，k ∈Z }，N ={x |x =214+k ，k ∈Z }，则（ ） A. M =N B.M N C.M N D.M ∩N =∅7.（99全国）如图，I 是全集，M 、P 、S 是I 的3个子集，则阴影部分所表示的集合是（ ）A.（M ∩P ）∩SB.（M ∩P ）∪SC.（M ∩P ）∩I SD.（M ∩P ）∪I S8.（02北京）满足条件M ∪{1}={1，2，3}的集合M 的个数是（ ）A.4B. 3C.2D.1二、填空题：9.（08重庆）设集合U ={1,2,3,4,5},A ={2,4},B={3,4,5},C={3,4},则()()U A B C = .10.集合{|25}A x x =≤<，{|3782}B x x x =-≥-，()R A B = .11.设集合2{5,log (3)}A a =+，集合{,}B a b =.若{2}A B =，则A B =_______.12. 设集合{|32}A x x =-≤≤，集合{|2121}B x k x k =-≤≤+，且A B ⊇，则实数的取值范围是_________________.三、解答题13.已知集合{|10}A x ax =+=，2{|20}B x x x =+-=，若A B ⊆，求实数a 的值.14.已知集合2{|20}A x x x p =++=，{|0}B x x =>，若A B =∅，求实数p 的取值范围.“我反复思索好几个月，好几年；有九十九次都是错的，而第一百次我对了”——爱因斯坦二、函数的概念与性质完成日期7月16日 家长签字________一、选择题1．已知集合P={40≤≤x x }，Q={20≤≤y y }，下列不表示从P 到Q 的映射是（ ）（A ）f∶x→y=21x （B ）f∶x→y=x 31 （C ）f∶x→y=x 32 （D ）f∶x→y=x 2．下列函数中图像完全相同的是（ ）（A ）y=x 与y=2x （B ）y=xx 与0x y = （C ）y=(x )2与y=x （D ）y=)1)(1(11-+=-⋅+x x y x x 与 3.若f(x)=21xx +，则下列等式成立的是（ ） （A ）f()()1x f x = （B ）f(x 1)=-f(x) （C ）f(x 1)=)(1x f （D ）)(1)1(x f x f -= 4.函数y=122+-x x 的值域是（ ）（A ）[0，+)∞ （B ）（0，+∞）（C ）（-∞，+∞） （D ）[1，+)∞5．已知g(x)=1-2x,f[g(x)]=)0(122≠-x x x ,则f(21)等于（ ） （A ）1 （B ）3 （C ）15 （D ）306.若函数y=f(x)的定义域为（0，2），则函数y=f(-2x)的定义域是（ ）（A ）（0，2） （B ）（-1，0） （C ）（-4，0） （D ）（0，4）7．设f(x)为定义在R 上的偶函数，且f(x)在[0，+∞）上为增函数，则f(-2),f(-π)、f(3)的大小顺序是（ ）（A ）f(-π)>f(3)>f(-2) （B ）f(-π)>f(-2)>f(3)（C ）f(-π)<f(3)<f(-2) （D ）f(-π)<f(-2)<f(3)8.函数y=xx ++-1912是（ ）（A ）奇函数 （B ）偶函数 （C ）既是奇函数又是偶函数 （D ）非奇非偶函数二、填空题9.函数y=2122--+-+x x xx 的定义域是______________. 10．若f(21)1x x x ++=(x>0),则f(x)= .11.函数y=2x 2-mx+3,当x ∈[-2,+)∞时是增函数，则m 的取值范围是 .12.若函数 f(x)=(K-2)x 2+(K-1)x+3是偶函数，则f(x)的递减区间是 .三、解答题13. 设f(x)是R 上的奇函数 ，且当x ∈[0,+ ∞)时，f(x)=x(1+3x ),求f(x)在(- ∞,0)上的表达式和在R 上的表达式。
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初一英语暑假自主学习练习1一、单词拼写1. My sister saw a lot of _______________ (烟) from next door just now.2. There were no empty ________________ (座位)when I got on the b us.3. The police try their best to __________________ (保护) the people around.4. Suzy plays basketball well. She will get into the school team next _______________ (学期).5. There are many _______________ (火柴) in the box. Don’t play with them.6. The English teacher _______________ (点头) when Tom answered the questions well.7. The fireman rushed into the house and _______________ (救) that old woman.8. Were the old houses _______________ (严重地) damaged (损坏) in the earthquake in Yaan？9. She is _______________ (倒) hot water into these cups for the visitors.10. It’s cold in the disaster areas in Lushan. The y need many more _______________ (毯子).11. Mary _______________ (想知道) who to ask for help if she was in trouble.12._______________(照相机)can take pictures . Most families have one now .13. Th ey often ____________ (募集) some money for the children in the west of China in the past.14. Daniel was very _______________ (care) with his homework and his teacher was angry.15. You can get _______________ (good) results in your study if you study harder.16. Did you write all the _______________ (visit) names on the paper?17. I think Simon has all the _______________ (able) to be a good leader (领导) of our class.18. You should ask yourself first if (是否) you did your _______________ (good) in the exam.二、完成句子1. 消防员们(firemen)用了多长时间扑灭了那场火？_______________________________________________________ the fire?2. 他能给你演示如何弹钢琴吗？Can he ______________________________________________________ the piano?3. 在你五岁时，你会独自拉小提琴吗？__________________________at the age of five?4. 火很危险，因此我们应该让小孩远离它。
Fire is very dangerous, so we should ______________________________________.5. 她的歌声(voice) 听起来多么优美啊！How ________________________________________________________!6. 昨晚我看见他从大火中救出了一个八岁的小女孩。
多勇敢的年轻人啊！I saw him _____________________________________ last night. What a brave young man!7.救他人之前你们必须采取措施来保护你们自己。
You must ____________________________________________before you save others .8.这衣服不够大，我穿不下。
The coat _________________________________________________.三、句型转换1. You can’t feed the goldfish too much. (改为祈使句）the goldfish too much.2. She went there on her bicycle. _________ she _________there?3. It is ten minutes’ ride to get from home to school ._____ ______ ____ it ____get from home to school ?4.Mr Smith will leave for HongKong in two days.________ ________ will Mr Smith leave for HongKong?5.people can use oranges to make lanterns.People can ______ lanterns _____ ______ oranges.6. Walking after supper is good. (同义句) _____ ______ _____ ______ after supper.7.The flowers are very beautiful.(改为感叹句)_________ ____________the flowers are！8. It takes ten minutes to get from home to school by bike._____ _______ _____ it _______ to get from home to school by bike?9. She could ride a bike at the age of four._______ ________ she ____________ at the age of four?10. He didn’t go to the park because he had to do his homework. ________ ________ he go to the park?11. Liu Tao was very brave. He saved his neighbour out of a fire.(合并为一句)Liu Tao was _______ _______ _______ ________ his neighbour out of a fire.四、单项填空( ) 1. Don’t drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive _______ the tunnel (隧道).A. pastB. acrossC. overD. through( ) 2. _______ important information she gave me yesterday!A. What aB. HowC. What anD. What( ) 3. —Do you hear there was _______ fire in the hospital last night?—Yes. _______ fire was terrible.A. the; TheB. /; AC. the; AD. a; The( ) 4. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs _______ it every day.A. practise to speakB. to practise speakingC. practise speakingD. to practise to speak( ) 5. —Can’t you sing this song in English? —_______. Let me sing it for you.A. Yes, I canB. No, I can’tC. Yes, I can’tD. No, I can( ) 6. I could not _______ out because I _______ my leg.A. get; hurtB. get; hurtedC. got; hurtD. got; hurted( ) 7. I often hear the little girl _______ in her room. Listen, she _______.A. singing; is singingB. sing; singingC. sing; is singingD. is singing; is singing( ) 8. Zhang Hua spends _______ on English. Now he is _______ at it.A. enough time; enough goodB. enough of time; enough goodC. enough of time; good enoughD. enough time; good enough( ) 9. Mr Liu was glad that the girls there _______ the violin.A. can playB. are able to playC. were able to playD. could be able to play( ) 10. —Excuse me, Sir. But smoking is not allowed (允许) here.—Sorry, I didn’t see the sign. I’ll _______ my cigarette (香烟) at once.A. put outB. put awayC. put upD. put off( ) 11. Don’t leave the TV _______. A. on B. off C. close D. open( ) 12. —_______ the man there be our English teacher?—He _______ be, but I’m not sure.A. May; mustn’tB. Can; mayC. Can; can’tD. May; can’t( ) 13. All of us hope _______ the award.A. her to getB. her gettingC. she getD. she will get( ) 14. _______ exciting news! We will have a _______ holiday after the exam.A. What an; two monthsB. How an; two monthsC. What; two-monthD. How; two months’( ) 15. My mother is ill _______ hospital. I have to look after her _______ hospital.A. in; in theB. in; in aC. in the; inD. at the; at( ) 16. —When did you _______ from your brother? —Well, I _______ from him last month.A. hear a letter; gotB. get; heardC. get a letter; heardD. hear; heard a letter( ) 17. _______ great fun he had _______ English songs!A. How; practise singB. What; to practise to singC. What; practising singingD. What a; to practise to sing( ) 18. —Can you show me how to start the computer? —_______.A. GreatB. Not at allC. No problemD. Never mind( ) 19. —_______ the little girl looks! —That’s true. She can’t find her Teddy Bear.A. How sadB. What sadC. What sadlyD. How sadly( ) 20. —May I play with Jack, Mom? —_______. He is a lazy boy.A. No, you mustn’tB. No, I can’tC. Yes, you doD. Yes, you may( )21. —It’s said that a foreign English teacher will teach us En glish next term.—Wow! _______! We can practice our oral English better.A. What an excited newsB. How excited the news isC. How exciting newsD. What exciting news( )22.—Kate didn’t go to school yesterday, did she?—_______, though (虽然) she didn’t feel very well.A. Yes, she didB. Yes, she didn’tC. No, she didn’tD. No, she did( )23. _______ great fun the students have playing in the playground!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a( )24. —Would you like to see a film with me? —_______, but I have much homework to do.A. Yes, I wouldB. No, I wouldn’tC. I’d like toD. I’ll be glad( )25.—I’m sorry I _____ my football at home.—That’s all right. Don’t forget ____ it here tomorrow.A. forgot; to takeB. forgot; to bringC. left; to bringD. left; to take( )26. Amy gets up early now. She is _______ late for school _______.A. no; any moreB. not; any moreC. not; no moreD. no; not more( )27. We stopped _______, but heard nothing from the room.A. to listenB. listeningC. to listen toD. to listening to( )28. _____ lovely weather it is! And _____ time the children are having in the park!A. What an, What goodB. What, What a goodC. How, What goodD. How, What a good五、动词填空1. Wow, the cake tastes bad. Who _______________ (make) it?2. How amazing it is _______________ (see) so many beautiful butterflies!3. Look! How happy your mother _______________ (look)!4. —Thank you for the delicious food last night.—I’m glad y ou _______________ (enjoy) it.5. Look! There are some Young Pioneers _______________ (clean) up the park.6. Many years ago people didn’t know that Moon _______________ (go) around Earth.7. If she isn’t free tomorrow, she _______________ (not take) part in the party.8. My mother was making breakfast when I _______________ (wake) up this morning.9. Can’t you see the man with two boys _______________ (fly) kites in the field?10. —______ Amy _________ (hear) the loud noise again last night?—No.11. —I read a book about the life of Steve Jobs.—Oh, really. It is a good book, but I don’t know who _______________ (write) it.12. I hope you _______________ (not stop) learning English. It’s very useful for us.13.I think everyone _____________(have) his own computer in ten years.14. My cousin, with her parents, _______________ (want) to go to the museum tomorrow.六、完形填空A good memory (记忆) is a great help in learning a language. Everybody __1__ his own language by remembering what he __2__ when he is a small child. Some boys and girls who live in foreign countries (外国) __3__ their parents seem to learn two languages almost (几乎) as __4__ as one. In school it is not easy to learn __5__ second language because the pupils have __6__ time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.A man’s mind is quite __7__ a camera. It takes photos not only of what we see, but of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. __8__ we take a real photo with a camera, we have much to do before the photo is finished and ready to __9__ to our friends. In the same __10__ there is much work to do before we can take a picture for ever in our mind.（）1. A. study B. learns C. watches D. learn from（）2. A. hears B. listens C. hear of D. listen to（）3. A. in B. on C. together D. with（）4. A. easy B. easier C. easily D. much easily（）5. A. an B. a C. the D. one（）6. A. such little B. so little C. so few D. such few（）7. A. same B. as C. like D. unlike（）8. A. Where B. Who C. Why D. When（）9. A. show B. on show C. give it D. lend（）10. A. idea B. way C. time D. street七、阅读理解It was Mother’s Day. John was so busy with his work that he couldn’t go back home. When he passed by a flower shop in the evening, an idea came to his mind. “I’ll send Mom some roses (玫瑰).”While John was picking his flowers, a young man went inside. “How many roses can I get for only five dollars, Madam?” he asked. The assistant (店员) was trying to tell him roses were as expensive as forty dollars a dozen (一打). Maybe he would be happy with carnations (康乃馨).“No, I have to have red roses.” He said. “My mom was badly ill last year and I didn’t get to spend much time with her. Now I want to get something special, and it has to be roses, because roses are her favorite.”After hearing it, John said he would pay the rest of the money for the young man. Moved (感动) by both of the m, the assistant said, “Well, lovely young men, thirty dollars a dozen, only for you.” Taking the roses, the young man almost jumped into the air and ran out of the shop. It was well worth (值得) twenty-five dollars John paid to see the exciting moment. Then John paid for his dozen of roses and told the assistant to send them to his mother.When he walked out, he felt nice. Suddenly he saw the young man crossing the street and going into a park. But soon he realized it was not a park but a cemetery (坟墓). Crying, the young man carefully laid the roses, “Mom, oh, Mom, why didn’t I tell you how much I loved you? God, please help me find my mum and tell her I love her.”Seeing this, John turned and quickly walked to the shop. He would take the flowers home himself.( ) 1. The assistant tried to ask the young man to buy carnations instead of (代替) roses because _______.A. carnations were special flowers for Mother’s DayB. the assistant saved roses for JohnC. roses were more expensive than carnationsD. carnations were nicer than roses( ) 2. John spent _______ altogether (总共) in the flower shop that day.A. $80B. $75C. $65D. $55( ) 3. The young man cried at the cemetery because he _______.A. had spent a ll his money on the rosesB. wasn’t able to tell his mother he loved her by himselfC. felt sorry to ask John to pay for his flowersD. didn’t get enough money for his sick mother ( ) 4. At last John changed his mind and went home because he wanted to _______.A. tell his mother the young man’s storyB. ask his mother for more moneyC. tell his mother he loved her by himselfD. ask his mother if she liked roses( ) 5. The writer writes the passage to tell us “_______.”A. Buy roses for your mother when she is illB. Send your mother flowers on Mother’s DayC. Work hard to get more money for your motherD. Let your mother know how much you love her八、短文填空It was quite late at night. I was reading a n 1 in my room when I heard someone k 2 at the door. I opened it and saw a young man with g 3 standing there. Of course, I didn’t know him. He said that he was a friend of my sister’s and w 4 to have a talk with her. I didn’t know if (是否) my sister had such a friend, but I had to let him i 5 .As he talked, I found that he knew n 6 about my sister. Then I came to know that his words were not t 7 . Suddenly, my sister came back and the young man was so s 8 that he didn’t know what to do for a moment. I caught the man by the a 9 at once while my sister was calling the p 10 .1.____________2.____________3.____________4.____________5.____________6.____________7.____________8.____________9.____________ 10.____________。