2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读八十九
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读八十
Game of Thrones-themed tourism is coming《权力的游戏》主题游即将到来“From the top of this gate the rioters threw shit at King Joffrey’s head,”explains Ivan Vukovik,a tour guide,pointing to Pile Gate in Dubrovnik.导游伊凡·万科尼奇指着杜布罗夫尼克的派勒城门解释说:“暴徒站在城门上往乔佛里国王头上扔大便。
”He is referring to an event in the second season of“Game of Thrones”, a series famous for gratuitous nudity,extraordinary violence and a huge array of characters,from a wise and libidinous dwarf to a princess who convinces three dragons that she is their mother.他指的是《权力的游戏》第二季中发生的一个事件，这部电视剧以无端的裸露、非凡的暴力以及丰富的人物角色（从聪明又好色的矮人，到让三条龙相信她是它们的母亲的公主）而闻名。
Dubrovnik’s old,walled town is instantly recognisable to fans as King’s Landing,the main city in the imaginary world created by George R.R. Martin,the author of the books on which the show is based.Armies of “set-jetters”(a term for fans who visit film locations)descend on Dubrovnik each year,vastly outnumbering its1,500-odd inhabitants.粉丝们一眼就能认出，城墙环绕的杜布罗夫尼克古城正是电视剧《权力的游戏》中的君临城（该剧原著作者乔治·R·R·马丁创造的虚构世界中的主要城市）。
《经济学人》英语热点文章精选8篇(中英文对照
（考研英语阅读原文很多来自《经济学人》，希望大家好好看看)印度的救赎IN MAY America’s Federal Reserve hinted that it would soon start to reduce its vast purchases of Treasury bonds. As global investors adjusted to a world without ultra—cheap money, there has been a great sucking of funds from emerging markets。
Currencies and shares have tumbled, from Brazil to Indonesia, but one country has been particularly badly hit。
今年五月，美国联邦储备委员会(Federal Reserve）暗示，它将很快开始缩减大量购买国债的规模。
随着全球投资者开始调整策略，以适应没有超廉价资金的世界，大量资金开始逃离新兴市场.从巴西到印度尼西亚，货币及股票纷纷暴跌，但有一个国家受创尤其严重.Not so long ago India was celebrated as an economic miracle. In 2008 Manmohan Singh，the prime minister，said growth of 8—9% was India’s new cruising speed. He even predicted the end of the “chronic poverty，ignorance and disease, which has been the fate of millions of our countrymen for centuries”. Today he admits the outlook is difficult. The rupee has tumbled by 13% in three months。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
The Guardian view on unaffordable homes: building injustice into the economy《卫报》关于难以负担的住房的观点：在经济中制造不公The average wage of the top 1% in Britain rose to £13,770 a month in December. Jeevun Sandher, an economist at King’s College London, points out the very richest saw their incomes rise the fastest during the pandemic. This group were also likely to have been able to save the most while Covid raged. Where do the very wealthiest spend their cash? One place is housing, for which there is a low level of stock being released on to the market. The result is rising house prices. Over the past 12 months, asking prices have gone up by 9.5%.12月，英国最富有的1%人群的平均工资上升至每月13770英镑。
伦敦国王学院的经济学家桑德尔指出，在疫情期间，最富有的人的收入增长最快。
在新冠病毒肆虐期间，这一群体也可能是能够存最多钱的人。
最富有的人把钱花在哪里？其中一个地方就是住房，因为住房市场上的存量很低。
结果就是房价上涨。
在过去12个月里，住房要价上涨了9.5%。
This has a knock-on effect for renters. UK rents rose by 8.3% in the last three months of 2021. For would-be first-time buyers, the situation is as bad if not worse, with the current average price of £277,000 nearly £25,000 higher than just a year ago. Those looking to have a roof to live under will find little solace in official figures. These record an 11% drop in the number of total homes added in 2021 compared with the year before. The number of new affordable houses that began being built dropped 16% year-on-year. Shortages of labour and materials, as well as planning delays, will make it harder for the 11th Tory housing minister since 2010 to meet government targets for new homes.这对租客产生了连锁反应。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
A global house-price slump is coming全球房价即将暴跌It won’t blow up the financial system, but it will be scary虽然不会摧毁金融体系，但仍然令人恐慌Over the past decade owning a house has meant easy money. Prices rose reliably for years and then went bizarrely ballistic in the pandemic. Yet today if your wealth is tied up in bricks and mortar it is time to get nervous.过去十年里，拥有一套房就意味着轻松赚钱。
房价多年来一直稳步上涨，甚至在疫情期间还异乎寻常地飙升了。
然而现如今，如果你的财富被套牢在房产上，那你应该感到紧张了。
House prices are now falling in nine rich economies. The drops in America are small so far, but in the wildest markets they are already dramatic. In condo-crazed Canada homes cost 9% less than they did in February.九个发达经济体的房价都在下跌。
到目前为止，美国房价的跌幅还不大，但最疯狂的市场的房价跌幅已经非常大了。
在热衷于共管公寓的加拿大，房价较今年2月下跌了9%。
As inflation and recession stalk the world a deepening correction is likely—even estate agents are gloomy. Although this will not detonate global banks as in 2007-09, it will intensify the downturn, leave a cohort of people with wrecked finances and start a political storm.随着通货膨胀和经济衰退的风险在全球范围内蔓延，房价或将迎来一场深度调整——甚至房地产经纪人也对此感到悲观。
考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：收入与幸福感
考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：收入与幸福感Happiness and Income收入与幸福感Everything that rises must converge幸福的家庭总是相似的Emerging markets are catching up with the West inthe happiness stakes新兴国家的幸福指数将要赶上西方POETS, songwriters and left-wing politicians hate theidea, but for decades opinion-poll evidence has been clear: money buys happiness and thericher you are, the more likely you are to express satisfaction with your life. Until now. Asurvey of 43 countries published on October 30th by the Pew Research Centre of Washington,DC, shows that people in emerging markets are within a whisker of expressing the same levelof satisfaction as people in rich countries. It is the biggest qualification to the standard viewof happiness and income seen so far.诗人，作词家，左翼政治家总是反驳这样一个观点：钱可以买到幸福，一个人越有钱，他对生活的满意感就可能越高。
但是十年来民意调查却清楚证明了这一点。
不过，位于华盛顿特区的皮尤研究中心调查了43个国家后，发现发展中国家的人对生活满意度与富有国家的人们生活满意度相差无几。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一一一
The legal cannabis market shrank in California last year去年，加州的合法大麻市场在萎缩Harbourside Cannabis in Oakland is a modern-day temple to the delights and possibilities of the botanical marvel that is the plant Cannabis sativa. Around the airy shop move a well-heeled clientele.They browse among offerings ranging from cannabis-infused chocolate to sparkling water and vape pens.奥克兰的哈伯赛德大麻公司是一座可供寻求快乐和见识到大麻种植奇观的现代庙宇。
一群有钱人在通透的大麻商店里来来往往。
他们浏览着从大麻巧克力到大麻起泡水和大麻电子烟等各式各样的大麻商品。
California was the first state to allow sales of medical cannabis in1996, and Harbourside one of the first shops in America to sell pot legally.Since January last year,the firm has also been able to sell pot for purely recreational purposes.1996年，加州成为美国首个允许销售医用大麻的州，哈伯赛德也是美国首批合法销售大麻的商店之一。
自去年1月以来，哈伯赛德也能销售纯娱乐用途的大麻了。
Thanks to its large number of“medical”users,California’s is the largest legal cannabis market in the world.But since the legalisation of adult sales, that market has been shrinking.得益于大批的“医疗”用户，加州成为了全球最大的合法大麻市场。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读九十
Who did the Maya sacrifice?玛雅人用谁来祭祀?The Sacred Cenote,a sink hole in the limestone of the Yucatán peninsula in Mexico,pictured above,looks beautiful.But it holds a dark secret. Between about600and900AD the Mayan inhabitants of the nearby city of Chichén Itzá,believing it to be a gateway to the underworld,filled the pool with sacrificial riches to the gods:gold,jade,incense,pottery—and people.“圣井”（如上图所示，墨西哥尤卡坦半岛上的一个石灰岩坑穴）虽然景色宜人，但它有着一个不为人知的秘密。
在大约公元600年至900年间，居住在奇琴伊察城附近的玛雅人认为它是通向地狱之门，于是井中便塞满了他们献给神灵的各种祭品：黄金、翡翠、熏香、陶器，甚至还有活人。
Those victims,judging by their bones,were often young(half being under 18),and,though more often male than female,were well representative of both sexes.On the assumption that few of those sacrificed were volunteers,their origin has long been a matter of interest to archaeologists.从这些受害者的骨骼来看，他们大都很年轻（有一半的人不到18岁），并且，虽然男性多于女性，但两者的差别并不大。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Have baby, stay in school生孩子还是继续上学？Why teenage mothers in Zimbabwe struggle to get educated为什么津巴布韦的未成年妈妈很难继续接受教育Brilliant Ndlovu has never really known childhood. Since the age of seven she has headed her household in Tsholotsho, a town in rural western Zimbabwe, after her parents went to work abroad. The oldest of five, she scraped a living growing crops while trying to keep up with her schoolwork.聪明的恩德洛夫从未真正经历过童年。
自从7岁起，她的父母去国外工作后，她就一直在津巴布韦西部乡村小镇茨洛特肖主持家务。
她是五个孩子中的老大，一边靠种庄稼勉强糊口，一边还要努力完成学业。
But in 2020 the covid-19 pandemic struck, coming shortly after a devastating drought. Farmers could not afford to pay child labourers like Ms Ndlovu. “So I looked for a man to help support my family,” she recalls. She found one who demanded sex in exchange for money. Aged 17, she got pregnant.但在2020年，经历一场毁灭性的干旱后，新冠疫情又紧随其后。
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The dash off cash
挥金如土
Rich countries must start planning for a cashless future
发达国家必须开始为无现金的未来做计划
For the past3,000years,when people thought of money they thought of cash.From buying food to settling bar tabs,day-to-day dealings involved creased paper or clinking bits of metal.
在过去的3000年里，每当提起钱，人们总会想到现金。
从购买食物到酒吧吧台结算消费，日常交易用到的都是皱巴巴的纸币或叮当作响的硬币。
Over the past decade,however,digital payments have taken off—tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping a smartphone has become normal.然而，过去十年间，数字支付已经兴起——在终端上刷卡或刷手机已经变得平常。
Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies.That will make the economy more efficient—but it also poses new problems that could hold the transition hostage.
如今，这场革命即将要把一些发达国家的现金变为“濒危物种”。
数字支付能够让经济更高效，但同时也带来了一些可能会阻碍经济转型的新的问题。
Countries are eliminating cash at varying speeds.But the direction of travel is clear,and in some cases the journey is nearly complete.In Sweden the number of retail cash transactions per person has fallen by80%in the
past ten years.Cash accounts for just6%of purchases by value in Norway.
全球各国淘汰现金的速度虽然不同，但至少方向是明确的，某些国家甚至已经几乎完全消除了现金。
在过去十年间，瑞典人均零售现金交易次数下降了80%。
换算至价值来说，现金仅占挪威购买金额的6%。
Britain is probably four or six years behind the Nordic countries.America is perhaps a decade behind.Outside the rich world,cash is still king.But even there its dominance is being eroded.In China digital payments rose from4%of all payments in2012to34%in2017.
英国可能比北欧国家落后四至六年。
美国可能已经落后了十年。
除开发达国家外，现金仍是王道。
但即便是在这些不发达国家，现金的主导地位也正在遭受撼动。
在中国，数字支付占总支付之比已经从2012年的4%上升至2017年的34%了。
Cash is dying out because of two forces.One is demand—younger consumers want payment systems that plug seamlessly into their digital lives.But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets)and telecoms companies(in emerging ones)are developing fast,easy-to-use payment technologies from which they can pull data and pocket fees.
在两股力量的作用下，现金正在走向灭亡。
其一是需求——年轻的消费者希望支付系统能无缝接入他们的数字生活。
其二，同样重要的是，（发达国家市场的）银行和科技公司以及（新兴市场的）电信公司等供应商正在开发快捷、便利的支付技术，它们可以从中获得数据并收取小额费用。
There is a high cost to running the infrastructure behind the cash economy—ATMs,vans carrying notes,tellers who accept coins.Most
financial firms are keen to abandon it,or deter old-fashioned customers with hefty fees.
现金经济背后运营的基础设施成本高昂——自动取款机、运钞车、收取硬币的收纳员。
大多数金融公司都乐于抛弃现金交易，或者以高昂的手续费将传统客户拒之门外。
In the main the prospect of a cashless economy is excellent news.Cash is inefficient.In rich countries,minting,sorting,storing and distributing it is estimated to cost about0.5%of GDP.
总的来说，无现金经济的前景一片大好。
现金代表着低效。
在发达国家，铸造、分拣、储存和分配现金的成本估计就占GDP的近0.5%。
But that does not begin to capture the gains.When payments dematerialise,people and shops are less vulnerable to ernments can keep closer tabs on fraud or tax evasion.
但高昂的成本并没有带来什么好处。
当支付数字化时，人们和商店都不容易被盗了。
政府也可以更好地对诈骗和逃税行为进行监控。
Digitalisation vastly expands the playground of small businesses and sole traders by enabling them to sell beyond their borders.It also creates a credit history,helping consumers borrow.
数字化支付是的小型企业和个体贸易商能够将产品销往海外，从而极大地拓展了他们的经营范围。
数字化支付还创造了信用记录，从而利于人们借贷。
(红色标注词为重难点词汇)
重难点词汇：
eliminate[ɪ'lɪmɪnet]vt.消除；排除
transaction[træn'zækʃən]n.交易；事务；办理；会报，学报
seamlessly['si:mlisli]adv.无缝地
abandon[ə'bændən]v.遗弃；离开；放弃；终止；陷入n.放任，狂热evasion[ɪ'veʒn]n.逃避；回避；借口。