改革开放30年经典热词翻译:社会类.

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改革开放四十年热词英文

改革开放四十年热词英文

改革开放四十年热词1.改革开放reform and opening-up2.家庭联产承包责任制Household Contract Responsibility System3.解放思想,实事求是Emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts4.绿皮车green train5.高考national college entrance exam6.经济特区special economic zone7.五讲四美三热爱five emphases, four points of beauty and three loves8.一国两制one country, two systems9.小康社会A moderately prosperous society10.冲出亚洲走向世界Out of Asia, into the world11.麦乳精malted milk12. 下海venture into business, jump into the business world13.个体户self- employed entrepreneur14.万元户ten- thousand- yuan household15.倒爷profiteer/ wheeler- dealer16.“三农”问题issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area17.“女排精神” patriotic women' s volleyball spirit18.麦丽素Mylikes19.跳跳糖Pop Rocks20.辣条spicy gluten21.铁饭碗Iron rice Bowl22.喇叭裤flared trousers,bel- bottomed pants23.蝙蝠衫batwing- sleeved blouse/batwing blouse24.蛤蟆镜aviator sunglasses25.健美裤fitness tights26.大背头pompadour/ /slicked- back hair27.大哥大GSM mobile telephone28.呼拉圈hula hoop29.春晚Spring Festival gala30.收录机radio cassette recorder31.BP机(寻呼机) Beep Pager32.交谊舞ballroom dancing33.相亲(盲约) blind date34.爆炸头Afro35.迷你裙miniskirt36.唱Karaoke singing37.蹦迪disco dancing38.南方谈话south tour speeches39.发展才是硬道理Development is the absolute principle40.下岗再就业re- employment after being laid off41.小灵通PHS( Personal Handyphone System)42.农民工migrant workers43.大款tycoon/ fat cat44.黄金周Golden Week45.依法治国rule of law46.西部大开发Western Development47.三个代表Three Represents48.入世entry to the WTO49.南水北调工程South-to- North Water Diversion Project50.钉子户“ dingzihu"/nail house51.粉丝fans52.坡跟鞋wedge heels53.上网surfing the Internet54.网络文学online literature55.齐刘海neat bang56.杀马特发型shamate hairstyle57.千禧一代millennials58.博客bog59.(论坛)潜水lurk60.选秀talent show61.“超女” super gir l ( Super Girl Contest)62.科学发展观scientific outlook on development63.八荣八耻eight- honor and eight- shame64.草根grass- roots65.黄牛(票贩子)( ticket) scalper66.同一个世界,同一个梦想One World One Dream67.广场舞square dancing68.电子竞技e- sports69.健身workout/going to the gym70.摩托大军motorcycle ride71.房奴mortgage slave72.高铁high- speed train73. 双11 Double 11/singles' Day74.裸婚naked marriage75.剩男剩女leftover men and women76.异地恋long- distance relationship77.快递员deliveryman78.积分落户point- based household registration79.中国梦Chinese dream80.人类命运共同体a community with a shared future for mankind81.反腐anti- corruption82.精准扶贫targeted poverty alleviation83.雾霾smog84.点赞give a like85.转发forward/ repost86.网红online celebrity87.代购daigou/purchasing agent88.土豪nouveau riche( new rich) rich guy89.富二代rich second generation/ silver- spoon kid90.异地高考To sit NCEE locally91.舌尖上的中国a bite of china92.自由贸易试验区free trade pilot zone93.自拍selfie94.自媒体We-Meda95.男闺蜜bromeo96.经济适用男女budget husband/wife97.脸基尼Facekini98.脑残粉fangirl/fanboy99.朝阳群众residents of Chaoyang district100.“单独二胎”政策Two- child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single child family101.游学overseas study tour102.“一带一路” the Belt and Road103.新中装new Chinese- style outfits104.APEC蓝APEC blue105.新常态new normal106.沪港通Shanghai- Hong Kong Stock Connect107. 中国制造2025 Made in china2025108.获得感sense of benefit109.移动支付mobile payment110.低头族phubber111.网络主播livestreaming host112.四个全面Four Comprehensives113. IP剧intellectual property adapted films or TV series114.HPV疫苗vaccine for the human papilloma virus115.不忘初心stay true to the mission116.人民币“入篮” RMB incl usion in the SDR/ Renminbi joins SDR117.二维码支付wo- dimension barcode payment118.共享单车bicycle sharing119.网约车online car- hailing/ride- hailing120.吃瓜群众the people who are kept in the dark121.定个小目标set a small goal122.厉害了我的哥My brother, you're really something/you rock!123.洪荒之力prehistoric power124.友谊的小船the ship of friendship125.北京瘫Beijing repose126.撸起袖子加油干Roll up our sleeves to work harder127.雄安新区Xiongan New Area128.共享经济the sharing economy129.互联网+ the Internet Plus model130.人工智能artificial intelligence131.平台经济the platform economy132.供给侧结构性改革supply- side structural reform133.厕所革命toilet revolution134.全面两孩政策all couples can now have two children135.工匠精神the spirit of workmanship136.蓝天保卫战the fight to defend the blue of our skies137.“双一流” world- class universities and world- class disciplines 138.虚拟现实virtual reality139.网络直播live streaming140.电动平衡车electric self- balancing scooter141.无人驾驶汽车autonomous/self- driving vehicle142.双创mass entrepreneurship and innovation143.创二代second generation entrepreneur144.中国国际进口博览会China International Import Expo (GIIE)145.店小二servant146.教科书式textbook47. 官宣officially announce/official announcement148.佛系Buddhist- style149.霸座take other's seat and refuse to leave150.港珠澳大桥Hong Kong- Zhuhai- Macao Bridge。

改革开放30年经典热词最新英语翻译

改革开放30年经典热词最新英语翻译

今天,八卦还有另外一个含义,就是指在娱乐圈中,非正式的小道消息或者是某个明星的隐私等新闻。如某某明星又走光穿帮啦,某导和某演员又有一腿啦。而刊登这样的消息的报刊杂志就叫做“八卦报纸”或者“八卦杂志”。
其实,无论是保安、现代镖局和保镖,都是政府减负的产物、产业化改革的产物。在计划经济的极左年代,政府大包大揽,无论是医疗、教育、治安都由政府全包揽下来了。这既养成了一些人的寄生虫思想,又不能够优化配置社会资源,还极大地占用了政府的有限资金,不能够落实到高薪养廉上来。于是就把一些小治安问题进行了产业化改革,让社会力量来投资治安,谁投资,谁受益,谁安全。
选秀 talent show /talent-search show
(NBA的选秀叫做draft,但和这种真人秀reality TV show 显然不是一回事)
选秀之举早已有之,比如各种文娱大赛、NBA选秀等等,但现在这个词多指超级女声、快乐男声、我型我秀、加油好男儿、红楼梦、春姑娘等各种电视真人秀比赛。选秀不在结果,而在运作过程中的商业价值。
高考 college (or university) entrance examination
高考改变了很多人、尤其是很多年轻人的命运,1978年恢复高考后,高等教育的发展进入轨道。当高考竞争愈来愈激烈时,就出现了高考移民(当然这也和户籍制度有关系)。
高考移民 NCEE migrant
红包 convert payment; (neutral)red paper containing money as a gift, (derogative) bribe, kickback
红包,大概是来源于广东。广东人在喜庆的日子里都喜欢送红包,以示吉祥。例如某人喜结良缘,那么贺客就会给主人送上一个红包。送得最多的是过年,大人要给小孩子送红包,这里的大人是指已经结婚的人,小孩子就是未结婚的人。这个红包大概跟北方的“压岁钱”差不多。不过压岁钱是家长放在孩子的枕头底的,而广东人的红包是用一张红纸包起来,现在进步了,有了现成的红包了。

社会政治和经济类热点词汇翻译总结

社会政治和经济类热点词汇翻译总结

Deepening reform and opening up 深化改革扩大开放The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics建设有中国特色的社会主义理论The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论One focus, two basic points 一个中心,两个基本点Focus on economic construction 以经济建设为中心Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改革开放Seizing the opportunity, deepening the reform, opening 抓住机遇,深化改革,wider to the rest of the world, promoting development, maintaining stability扩大开放,促进发展,保持稳定Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist productive forces是否有利于发展社会主义生产力Whether it would be benefic ial to enhancing the overall strength of the country是否有利于增强综合国力Whether it would be beneficial to raising people’s living standard是否有利于提高人民生活水平Taking the socialist public ownership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立Deepening economic reform 深化经济改革Relationships among reform, development and stability 改革发展和稳定的关系Deepening of reform and promotion of development 深化改革与促进发展Economic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第一生产力Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制A series of policies and measures 一系列政策措施Reform and opening up policy 改革开放政策Reform measures 改革措施Speed up reform 加快改革Reform of economic system 经济体制改革Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改革Reform of foreign trade system 外贸体制改革Reform of personnel system 人事制度改革Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改革Reform of housing system 住房制度改革Planning system 计划管理体制Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能Open door policy 开放政策Open economy 开放经济Open-door to the outside world 对外开放Opening up 扩大开放Open domestic market 开放国内市场Introduce foreign capital, advanced technology and 引进外国的资金,先进技术和managerial experiences 管理经验Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区One country, two systems 一国两制Special administrative region 特别行政区Contract responsibility system with remuneration linked 家庭联产承包责任制to the householdNarrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距Eliminate poverty 消除贫困Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续,快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济,多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数A verage price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STA TE-OWNED PROPERTY国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision 建立国有资产管理,监督和营运体系and operation of State assetsReform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and 产权清晰,责权明确,政企分开,responsibilities, separating ownership from daily 管理科学management and adopting scientific managementRegulation on the supervision and management 国有企业监督管理条例of the state-owned enterprisesLaws and regulations on the administration of 国有资产管理法律法规state-owned propertyOperate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营,自负盈亏,自我发展,for its profits and losses, seek self-development 自我约束and self-relianceUphold the principle of separating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则,转变政府government from those of enterprises and alter the 经济管理职能government’s role in economic management Safeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the 提高国有经济的总体素质overall quality of the State sector of the economyConcentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团groupsReform, reorganization and upgrading 改革,改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组,联合,兼并,股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation 租赁,承包经营和出售and sell-offManage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible 抓好大的,放活小的policy towards small onesGive small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序,鼓励企业兼并,merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger 允许亏损企业兼并或破产or go bankruptDispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and 切实加强企业经营管理management of enterprisesStrengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various 多渠道增资减债channelsStrive to help enterprises eliminate losses and 抓好企业扭亏增盈increase profitsDevelop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the 通过挖潜改造technologyMechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating 优胜劣汰机制the inferiorEnjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage 给更多的生产企业自营出口权in export independentlyProtect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises’ management mechanismsof State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release smallenterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can beturned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY企业和公司Central enterprise 中央企业Local enterprise 地方企业Backbone enterprise 骨干企业Large and medium enterprise 大中型企业State-owned enterprise 国有企业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业State-owned firm 国有公司,国有企业Corporate enterprise 股份制企业Collective enterprise 集体企业Collective firm 集体企业,合作企业Township enterprise 乡镇企业Partnership enterprise 合伙企业Individual enterprise 个体企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外资企业Top 500 enterprises 最大500家企业Small business 小企业Primary industry 第一产业Secondary industry 第二产业Tertiary industry 第三产业Corporate Law 公司法Township Enterprise Law 乡镇企业法Independent legal entities 独立法人Board of directors 董事会Board of supervisors 监事会Shareholders conference 股东大会Entrepreneur 企业家Firm 公司,企业Company 公司Incorporation 公司Corporation 股份公司Group of enterprises 企业集团Conglomerate 企业集团,综合性大企业Company limited by shares 股份有限责任公司Controlling company 控股公司Holding company 控股公司Bank holding company 银行控股公司Company with limited liability 有限责任公司State-owned holding company 国家控股公司Public company 上市公司Private company 非上市公司Listed company 上市公司Overseas-listed company 境外上市公司Parent company 母公司Subsidiary company 子公司Group company 集团公司Large-scale industrial group 大型工业集团International conglomerate 跨国企业集团International corporation 跨国公司Multinational corporation 跨国公司Multinational market group 跨国市场集团Banking institution 金融机构Banking sector 银行部门Intermediary bank 中介银行Development bank 开发银行Commercial bank 商业银行Investment bank 投资银行Credit bank 信贷银行Cooperative bank 合作银行Mortgage bank 抵押银行Clearing bank 清算银行Credit union 信用社Non-bank financial institution 非银行金融机构Financing corporation 金融公司Securities company 证券公司Underwriting company 担保公司Loan and trust company 信托公司Insurance company 保险公司Life insurance company 人寿保险公司Utility company 公共事业公司MERGER AND ACQUISITION 兼并与收购Reorganization 重组Association 联合Merger 兼并Acquisition 收购Joint stock partnership 股份合作Leasing 出租Contract operation 承包经营Auction 拍卖Develop trans-regional and trans-industry enterprise groups 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Strategic acquisition 战略性收购Combination of enterprise 企业合并Concentric acquisition 集中收购Conglomerate merger 集团企业合并Consolidation by lease 租赁式合并Consolidation by merger 兼并式合并Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Stock merger 股票兼并V ertical acquisition 纵向收购V ertical merger 纵向兼并V ertical consolidation 纵向合并V ertical integration 纵向合并Horizontal merger 横向兼并Horizontal acquisition 横向收购Horizontal combination 横向合并,同行业合并Horizontal integration 横向联合Acquisition cost 收购成本Acquiring enterprise 收购方企业Corporate reorganization 公司重组Bankruptcy Law 破产法Bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第七章清算Bankruptcy code 11 --- reorganization 破产法第十一章重组Act of bankruptcy 破产法案Antitrust Law 反托拉斯法Bankruptcy court 破产法庭Bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人Bankruptcy notice 破产公告Bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产Declaration of bankruptcy 宣告破产Arrangement in bankruptcy court 破产法庭内的协调Arrangement out of bankruptcy court 不经破产法庭的协调Creditor’s equity 债权人权益Bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人Creditor’s meeting 债权人会议Creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人MARKET AND COMPETITION 市场和竟争Commodity market 商品市场Securities market 证券市场Bond market 债券市场Stock market 股票市场Futures market 期货市场Options market 期权市场Property rights market 产权市场Capital market 资本市场Free market 自由市场Labour market 劳动力市场Flea market 跳蚤市场Bear market 股票市场的熊市Bull market 股票市场的牛市Market competition 市场竟争Market development 市场开发Market forecast 市场预测Market potential 市场潜力Market risk 市场风险Market share 市场份额Seller’s market 卖方市场Buyer’s market 买方市场Market abroad 海外市场Marketability 市场能力Marketable 销路好的Marketing channel 销售渠道Marketing strategy 销售战略Competition market 竟争市场Perfect competition 完全竟争Imperfect competition 不完全竟争Low-level competition 低水平竟争Monopolistic competition 垄断竟争Competitor 竟争对手Natural monopoly 自然垄断International monopoly 国际垄断Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济market abroad 海外市场market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的市场法market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家market factor 市场因素market forecast 市场预测market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本market research 市场调查,市场研究market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额,市场占有率market value method 市价法market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法property right market 产权市场seller’s market 卖方市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销,市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道,市场渠道marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理markrting strategy 市场经营战略marketing system 市场体系relationship marketing 关系营销Asset, Liability And Equity 资产,负债和权益Asset management 资产管理Tangible assets 有形资产Intangible assets 无形资产Physical assets 实物资产Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失Deferred assets 递延资产Other assets 其它资产Total assets 总资产Net assets 净资产Book value of the assets 资产的账面值Non-ledger assets 帐外资产Asset account 资产账户Asset disposal 资产处置Asset depreciation 资产折旧Asset inventory shorts 资产盘亏Asset inventory surplus 资产盘盈Asset retirement 资产报废Asset revaluation 资产重估Capital assets 资本资产Monetary assets 金融资产Mortgage assets 抵押资产Long-term assets 长期资产Liability 负债Liability account 负债账户Direct liability 直接负债Current liability 流动负债Liability out of book 账外负债Long-term liability 长期负债Book debt 账面负债Asset liability ratio 资产负债比Owner’s equity 所有者权益Equity account 权益账户Stockholders’equity 股东权益Preferred stock equity 优先股权益Cumulative preferred stock 积累优先股Non-cumulative preferred stock 非积累优先股Convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股Participating preferred stock 参加优先股Non-Participating preferred stock 非参加优先股Callable preferred stock 可赎回优先股Common stock equity 普通股权益Total equity 权益总额企业评价指标Assets Liabilities Ratio 资产负债率Quick Ratio 速动比率Current Ratio 流动比率P/E ratio 市盈率Current Liabilities to Net Worth 流动负债比净资产Total Liabilities to Net Worth 总负债比净资产Fixed Assets to Net Worth 固定资产比净资产Inventory Turnover Ratio 存货Assets to SalesSales to Net Working Capital 销售收入比流动资金净值Accounts Payable to Sales 应付帐款比销售收入Return on Sales(profit Margin)Return on Assets 资产收益率Return on Total Assets 总资产收益率Return on Shareholder’s Equity 股东权益收益率Return on Investment 投资收益Return on Net Worth(Return on Equity) 净资产收益率收益表INCOME STA TEMENT销售收入Sales Revenue减:销售折扣与折让Deduct: Sales Discount & Allowance销售收入净值Net Sales Revenue减:销售税金Deduct: Tax on Sales销售成本Coat of Sales销售毛利Gross Profit from Sales减:管理费用Deduct: Administration Expenses财务费用Financial Expenses销售利润Profit from Sales加:其它业务利润Plus: Profit from Other Operations营业利润Operating Profits加:投资收益Plus: Investment Income营业外净收入Non-Operating Revenue以前年度利润调整Adjustment of Earning of Prior Y ears利润总额Total Profits(Before Tax)减:所得税Deduct: Income Tax净利润Net Profits合并资产负债表CONSOLIDA TED BALANCE SHEET资产Assets流动资产Current Assets长期应收帐款Long-term Receivable长期投资Long-term Investment固定资产Fixed Assets 原值Original Coat减:累计折旧Deduct: AccumulatedDepreciation净值Net Worth在建工程Construction in-progress其它资产Other Assets资产总额Total Assets负债和权益Liabilities & Equity负债Liabilities流动负债Current Liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities负债合计Total Liabilities少数股东权益Minority Interests权益Equity实收资本Paid-in Capital资本公积Capital surplus保留盈利Retained Earnings权益合计Total Equity负债和权益总额Total Liabilities & Equity BALANCE SHEET 资产负债表ASSETS 资产Cash and Equivalents 现金和视同现金Accounts Receivable 应收帐款Inventories 存货Other Current Assets 其它流动资产Total Current Assets 流动资产总计Gross Prop.,Plant & Equip. 财产,场房和设备原值Accumulated Depreciation 累计折旧Net property, Plant & Equip. 财产,场房和设备净值Other Assets 其它资产Total Assets 总资产LIABILITIES & EQUITY负债和权益Debt in Current Liabilities 流动负债Accounts Payable 应付帐款Income Taxes Payable 应付所得税Other Current Liabilities 其它流动负债long-term Debt 长期负债Deferred Taxes 递延税金Other Liabilities 其它负债Minority Interest 少数股东权益Total Liabilities 总负债Preferred Stock Equity 优先股权益Common Stock Equity 普通股权益Total Stockholders’Equity 股东权益总计Total Liabilities and Equity 负债权益总计Economic经济的economic analysis 经济分析economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区economic base 经济基础economic community 经济共同体economic cooperation zone 经济协作区economic crisis 经济危机economic cycle 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic efficiency 经济效益economic entity 经济实体economic forecast 经济预测economic foundation 经济基础economic growth rate 经济增长率economic integration 经济一体化economic miracle 经济奇迹economic order 经济秩序economic policy 经济政策economic potential 经济潜力economic prospect 经济展望economic recovery 经济复苏economic sanctions 经济制裁economic situation 经济形势economic system 经济体制,经济制度economic value 经济价值East Asia Economic Rim 东亚经济圈Economics 经济学economics of industry 工业经济学economics of management 管理经济学economics of scale 规模经济学Economy 经济closed economy 闭关自守经济commodity economy 商品经济economy measure 经济手段economies of scale 规模经济market economy 市场经济mixed economy 混合经济planned economy 计划经济Enterprise企业Entrepreneur 企业家Enterpreneurial 企业家的enterpreneurial courage 企业家的胆略enterpreneurial spirit 企业家精神Enterprise 企业backbone enterprise 骨干企业central enterprises 中央企业collectively-owned enterprises 集体企业combined enterprise 联合企业enterprise accounting 企业会计enterprise development fund 企业发展基金enterprise law 企业法enterprises’management mechanisms 企业管理机制foreign-funded enterprises 外资企业large and medium-size enterprises 大中型企业local enterprises 地方企业modern enterprise system 现代企业制度money-lossing enterprises 亏损企业state-owned enterprises 国有企业township enterprises 乡镇企业Accountant会计师Certified Public Accountant (CPA) 注册会计师chief accountant 总会计师cost accountant 成本会计certified management accountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师Accounting会计,会计学accounting classification 会计科目分类accounting cycle 会计周期accounting equation 会计方程式accounting firm 会计事务所accounting information 会计信息accounting principles for business enterprise 企业会计原则accounting statement 会计报表accounting system 会计系统accounting year 会计年度accrual basis accounting 权责发生制会计方法记帐cash basis accounting 现金会计方法记帐All-purpose financial statement 通用财务报表American Institute of Certified Public Accountants 美国注册会计师协会(AICPA) certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified management accountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师annual accounting 年度决算annual audit 年度审计annual balance sheet 年终决算表annual budget 年度预算annual financial report 年度财务报告annual summary 年度汇总表summary balance sheet 资产负债汇总表Audit审计annual audit 年度审计audit certificate 审计证书Audit Law 审计法audit of financial statement 财务报表审计external audit 外部审计legally required audit 法定审计Auditing firm 审计公司Auditor 审计师Account帐户,会计科目accounting classification 会计科目分类account balance 帐户余额account payable 应付帐款account receivable 应收帐款accumulation account 累积帐户assets account 资产帐户bank account 银行帐户capital account 资本帐户cash account 现金帐户checking account 支票帐户clearing account 清算帐户,结算帐户commission account 佣金帐户cost account 成本帐户deposit account 存款帐户doubtful account 可疑帐户equity account 股本帐户expenses account 开支帐户foreign currency account 外汇帐户frozen account 冻结帐户group account 集团帐户inventory account 存货帐户investment account 投资帐户journal account 日记帐ledger account 分类帐帐户liability account 负债帐户overdrawn account 透支帐户property account 财产帐户savings account 储蓄帐户accrued expenses payable 应计未付费用accrued income 应计收入accrued interest on bonds 应计债券利息accrued interest on investment 应计投资利息accured interest patable 应计未付利息accrued liability 应计负债accrued profit 应计利润accrued taxes 应计税款accumulated amount 累计额accumulated earnings 累计收益accumulated funds 公积金accumulated net income 累计净收益accumulated profit 累计利润accumulating capital 累计资本accumulating losses 累计损失Acid ratio 流动比率actual assets 实际资产actual cash value 实际现金价值actual capital 实际资本actual cost 实际成本actual depreciation 实际折旧actual value 实际价值Adjusted 调整后的adjusted acquisition cost 调整后购置成本adjusted base 调整后基数adjusted book balance 调整后的帐面余额adjusted gross income 调整后的净收入adjusted net profit 调整后的净利润Adjustment 调整adjustment account 调整帐户Advance 预付advance account 预付帐户advance charge 预付费用advance payment 预先付款advance received 暂收款Allocated cost 已分摊成本Allocated cost of fixed assts 固定资产折旧Allocation 分配,分摊allocation of market 市场分配allocation of purchase price 购置价格分摊(指成套设备)allocation of quota 配额分配allocation of resources 资源分配allocation of shares 股金分配allocation optimum 最优配置allocations to accounting periods 会计期间内的分摊Allotment 拨款Amendment 修改amendment of register 变更登记American Society of Appraisers (ASA) 美国评估师协会Amortization 摊销,摊还amortization fund 偿债基金amortization of bond issued expense 债券发行费摊销amortization of fixed asset 固定资产摊销amortization of loan 分期偿还贷款amortization schedule 摊销表Amount 数量,总额,合计amount guaranteed 担保额amount of investment 投资额amount of sales 销售额financial statement analysis财务报表分析analysis of assets changes 资产变动分析analysis of balance sheet 资产负债表分析balance sheet evaluation 资产负债表评价analysis of business profit 企业利润分析analysis of capital changes 资本变动分析analysis of changes in financial position 财务状况变动分析balance sheet 资产负债表balance sheet audit 资产负债表审计balance sheet classification 资产负债表分类certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表analysis of variance 方差分析gross profit analysis 毛利分析investment analysis 投资分析market analysis 市场分析macro analysis 微观分析qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析ratio analysis 比率分析return analysis 回报分析sales analysis 销售分析Analytical model 分析模型bad account 坏帐,呆帐bad debt loss 坏帐损失bad debt recovey 呆坏帐收回bad title 失效产权Balance 余额,结余,差额,平衡adverse balance 收支逆差balance budget 平衡预算balance of international trade 国际贸易差额balance of payment 国际收支closing balance 期末差额credit balance 贷方余额foreign currency balance 外汇余额keep balance 保持平衡loss balance 失去平衡negative balance 逆差retained balance from foreign exchange revenue 外汇收入留成余额book depreciation 帐面折旧book-entry securities 记帐证券book inventory 帐面库存book of account 帐簿book profit 帐面利润book value per share 每股帐面价值Cash 现金cash account 现金帐户cash assets 现金资本cash audit 现金审计cash balance 现金余额cash equivalent 视同库存现金cash flow analysis 现金流量分析cash in bank 银行现金cash in hold 库存现金cash payment 现金支付cash purchase 现金购买cash transaction 现金交易free cash flows 活动现金流Certified 注册的,合格的certified appraiser 注册评估师certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified mortgage 证实抵押finance charges 财务费用Classification 分类,科目classification item 分类项目classification of accounts 帐户分类classification of assets 资产分类classification of property 财产分类classification schemes 分类表Classified 分成类的classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表classified depreciation 分类折旧coding of account 帐户代码coding of assets 资产代码Closing 结算,结帐,收盘closing account 结帐,结算closing cost 成交价closing inventory 期末存货Consolidated 合并的,综合的consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表consolidated financial statement 合并决算表consolidated income statement 合并损益表,综合损益表consolidated profit and loss statement 汇总损益表consolidated retained earning 合并留存收益consolidated statement 汇总报表Cost 成本,费用acquisition cost 购置成本actual cost 实际成本anticipated cost method 预期成本法average cost 平均成本borrowing- cost 借债成本carrying cost 维持成本cost account 成本帐户cost accounting 成本会计cost allocation 成本分摊cost analysis 成本分析cost and benefit analysis 成本收益分析cost approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的成本法cost control 成本控制cost distribution 成本分摊cost free 免费cost method 成本法cost objective 成本目标cost of capital 资金成本cost of investment 投资成本cost of management 管理费cost of marketing 营销成本cost of replacement 重置成本法cost of reproduction less depreciation 重置成本减折旧cost of sales 销售成本cost-benefit analysis 成本收益分析cost-effectiveness 成本效益cost-of-living index 生活费指数cost plus 成本加价indirect cost 间接成本marginal cost 边际成本material cost 材料成本opportunity cost 机会成本ordering cost 订货成本sunk costs 沉没成本variable costs 变动成本。

改革30年重要词汇

改革30年重要词汇

踏上了改革开放的历史征程:embarked on the historic journey of reform. and opening-up进取精神:a pioneering spirit波澜壮阔的创新实践:making bold innovation综合国力:overall national strength高度集中的计划经济体制:centralized planned economy社会主义市场经济体制:socialist market economy封闭半封闭国家:a closed and semi-closed country温饱不足:lacking basic living necessities世界多极化不可逆转:multipolarity is irreversible立足中国国情,顺应时代潮流:based on China's realities and in keeping with the trend of our times不干涉别国内部事务:not interfere in other countries' internal affairs不把自己的意志强加于人:not impose its own will on others奉行防御性国防政策,永远不称霸,永远不搞扩张: to follow a defense policy that is defensive in nature and never seek hegemony or expansion对中国而言,今年是一个具有特殊意义的年份。

30年前,在邓小平先生倡导和带领下,中国人民毅然决然地踏上了改革开放的历史征程。

这是中国在新的历史条件下进行的新的伟大革命。

This year is of special significance to China. Thirty years ago, underthe leadership of Mr. Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese people resolutely emba rkedon the historic journey of reform. and opening-up, an initiative takenby Deng Xiaoping. It started a great new revolution in China under thenew historical circumstances.斗转星移,春来秋去,转眼间30年过去了。

改革开放30年流行语固定英文译法

改革开放30年流行语固定英文译法

改革开放30年流行语固定英文译法30年流行语固定英文译法:“倒爷”:profiteer或wheeler-dealer“五好家庭”:Five Virtues Family“万元户”:ten-thousand-yuan household“大哥大”:GSM mobile telephone“喇叭裤”:bell-bottomed trousers“交谊舞”:ballroom dancing“蛤蟆镜”:goggles“菜篮子工程”:Non-Staple Food Project“铁饭碗”:Iron Rice Bowl“ 高考移民”:NCEE migrant(National College Entrance Examination migrant)“选秀”:talent show /talent-search show“保持党员先进性教育”:Campaign to Educate Party Members to Preserve Their Vanguard Nature“抓大放小”:Restructuring Major Enterprises and Relaxing Control over Small Ones “…三农‟问题”:Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area“小康社会”:a moderately prosperous society至于当前正流行的“山寨”应该怎么译,目前似乎尚无确定的说法。

所谓“山寨”,其核心含义就是名牌产品的冒牌。

根据一些在华外国友人对目前正在走红的“山寨”现象所进行的评论,“山寨”在英语中大致可以表达为rip-off world class brands。

由于“山寨”产品大多质量较差,因此又有人称其为something is kind of a poorly done, low-class approximation of another thing。

热点词汇英文

热点词汇英文
城镇调查失业率
the surveyed urban unemployment rate
农村承包地“三权”分置改革
reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, an use rights
河长制、湖长制
the river chief and lake chief systems
债券通
the Bond Connect
居住证制度
a residence card system
全面两孩政策
all couples can now have two children
黄标车
high-emission vehicles
“三严三实”
the Three Stricts and Three Earnests
共享经济
the sharing economy
“互联网+”
the Internet Plus model
“双创”
business startups and innovation
简政放权
streamline administration and delegate powers
"一带一路"
the Belt and Road Initiative
专项再贷款
targeted re-lending
供给侧结构性改革
supply-side structural reform
“三去一降一补”
cut overcapacity, reduce excess inventory, deleverage, lower costs, and strengthen areas of weakness

改革开放30年经典热词——社会类

改革开放30年经典热词——社会类

改革开放30年经典热词回放-社会类蛤蟆镜goggles蛤蟆镜其实就是太阳镜的一种,流行于上世纪80年代初以后,由于其夸张的造型而被戏称为“蛤蟆镜”。

改革开放初期,国门打开,社会复苏,人们的生活在不知不觉中发生着变化。

蛤蟆镜等装扮动摇了中国人数十年的整齐划一和单调乏味,成了年轻人流行文化里最初的冒险,“引领时代新潮流”。

交谊舞ballroom dancing流行于上世纪80年代初,当时,全国各大城市均出现在公园、广场等公共场所男女青年自发聚集跳交谊舞的现象。

喇叭裤bell-bottomed pants; flare trousers因裤形似喇叭而得名。

它的特点是:低腰短裆,紧裹臀部;裤腿上窄下宽,从膝盖以下逐渐张开,裤口的尺寸明显大于膝盖的尺寸,形成喇叭状。

我国上世纪80年代最流行的装束。

大哥大GSM mobile telephone“大哥大”源于粤港人称呼帮会头目之谐语,后成为手提电话的俗称。

“大哥大”只流行于手提电话初面世那几年,之后改称“手机”。

BP机(寻呼机)Beep Pager1983年,上海开通国内第一家寻呼台,BP机进入中国。

从BP机开始的即时通信,将人们带入了没有时空距离的年代,时时处处可以被找到,大大加速了人们的生活、工作效率,但也让人无处可藏。

人们对它爱恨交加,但已离不开它。

万元户ten- thousand-yuan household是指家庭存款在10000元以上的,称之为万元户。

这个词是在70年代末产生的,那个年代万元户是个相当了不得的。

万元户年代的1万元可以买到很多的东西(米价0.14元,肉价0.95元)可以想到1万元是个什么概念。

不过现在代好了,人们的收入增加了,这个词已经成了历史概念。

五好家庭Five Virtues Family (outstanding in such five aspects as law-abiding, diligent study, family planning, domestic harmony, and industrious and thrifty management of the household)从1985年开始,全国各地大兴“五好家庭”评选活动。

改革开放30年来社会流行的新词新语及其规范化(1).

改革开放30年来社会流行的新词新语及其规范化(1).

改革开放30年来社会流行的新词新语及其规范化(1)摘要:改革开放30年来,随着我国社会政治、经济、文化以及人们的思想观念、生活方式等方面的日益快速的变化和更新,大量反映新事物、新观念的新词新语逐渐涌现并流行起来,遍及社会生活的各个领域。

本文试从新词新语的界定、来源及其规范化原则等几个方面论述新词新语及其规范化问题。

关键词:改革开放;新词新语;规范化改革开放30年来,社会发生了巨大的变化。

伴随社会开放程度的日益提高,以及人们意识文化形态的不断更新,大量新事物、新思想、新潮流逐渐涌现。

语言折射社会发展的轨迹,因此作为社会一面镜子的语言也在不断地推陈出新,大量新词新语如洪流般涌现,并在日常生活中逐渐得以广泛接受和使用,形成了一种引人注目的社会文化现象。

一、新词新语的界定及来源在人们的日常生活中,在每一个特定的历史阶段都会出现一些反映当时事物与现象的词语,这些词语在当时特定的阶段都曾被列入新词新语行列。

随着时代的发展和人们认识的逐渐变化,一些当时的新兴词语逐渐退出历史舞台甚至消失,也有些后来成为普通词语。

那么,如何界定新词新语呢?所谓新词新语,也叫“新生代词语”或“新新词语”,是指近年来产生的能够反映新时期、新观念及新事物的词语。

最早观察分析新词新语的吕叔湘、陈原先生曾明确地指出:“新词新语既包括不久之前产生,其含义、色彩和表现形式都给人们以新颖感的那种词语,也包括旧有词语的新义项、新用法。

”因此,我们可以把新词新语理解成为在最近几年到十几年之间产生的能够反映新时期、新观念及新事物的词语。

新词新语的来源很广泛,基本包括下面几个方面: 1.外借词改革开放30以来,随着我国国内与国外联系的日益频繁,汉语也在不断地从外族语言中吸收有生命力的成分来丰富自己。

例如:克隆、托福、卡通等等。

以往借用外来词语,大体分为意译(如“人权(human right)”、“软饮料(soft drink)”、音译(如“克隆(clone)”、“伊妹儿(E-mail)”)、音译兼意译(如“因特网(Internet)”、“迷你裙(mini skirt)”、“T恤衫(T shirt)”)几类。

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改革开放30年经典热词翻译:社会类
蛤蟆镜goggles
蛤蟆镜其实就是太阳镜的一种,流行于上世纪80年代初以后,由于其夸张的造型而被戏称为“蛤蟆镜”。

改革开放初期,国门打开,社会复苏,人们的生活在不知不觉中发生着变化。

蛤蟆镜等装扮动摇了中国人数十年的整齐划一和单调乏味,成了年轻人流行文化里最初的冒险,“引领时代新潮流”。

交谊舞ballroom dancing
流行于上世纪80年代初,当时,全国各大城市均出现在公园、广场等公共场所男女青年自发聚集跳交谊舞的现象。

喇叭裤bell-bottomed pants; flare trousers
因裤形似喇叭而得名。

它的特点是:低腰短裆,紧裹臀部;裤腿上窄下宽,从膝盖以下逐渐张开,裤口的尺寸明显大于膝盖的尺寸,形成喇叭状。

我国上世纪80年代最流行的装束。

大哥大GSM mobile telephone
“大哥大”源于粤港人称呼帮会头目之谐语,后成为手提电话的俗称。

“大哥大”只流行于手提电话初面世那几年,之后改称“手机”。

BP机(寻呼机)Beep Pager
1983年,上海开通国内第一家寻呼台,BP机进入中国。

从BP机开始的即时通信,将人们带入了没有时空距离的年代,时时处处可以被找到,大大加速了人们的生活、工作效率,但也让人无处可藏。

人们对它爱恨交加,但已离不开它。

万元户ten- thousand-yuan household
是指家庭存款在10000元以上的,称之为万元户。

这个词是在70年代末产生的,那个年代万元户是个相当了不得的。

万元户年代的1万元可以买到很多的东西(米价0.14元,肉价0.95元)可以想到1万元是个什么概念。

不过现在代好了,人们的收入增加了,这个词已经成了历史概念。

五好家庭Five Virtues Family (outstanding in such five aspects aslaw-abiding, diligent study, family planning, domestic harmony, andindustrious and thrifty management of the household)
从1985年开始,全国各地大兴“五好家庭”评选活动。

当时的“五好家庭”的标准是:政治思想好、生产工作好;家庭和睦、尊敬老人好;教育子女、计划生育好;移风易俗、勤俭持家好;邻里团结、文明礼貌好。

呼拉圈hula hoop
呼啦圈又称健身圈,流行于上世纪八九十年代的一项运动。

由于其轻便美观,练习活动占地不大,很快成为一项老少皆宜的运动项目。

当时全国各地兴起了一阵“呼拉圈”潮,纷纷举办呼拉圈比赛。

彩电colored television set
改革开放后进入中国人的生活,如今彩电已是家家户户都能有的电器,买个什么样的彩电才是人们关注的话题。

倒爷profiteer; wheeler-dealer
流行于改革开放初期,指的是那些倒买倒卖的人。

面的taxi
出租车在上世纪80年代末和90年代初进入百姓生活。

生活在北京的人,一提起“面的”,是一种多么有趣的感觉。

出门招手,面的就到,街上随处可见的,被市民戏称为“黄虫”的面的,开启了北京出租车的历史。

面的客货两用,十分方便,深受百姓亲睐。

下海go into business
改改革开放,从一个抽象的词语表达成为一段除旧立新且举世瞩目的历程,用了三十年。

为了纪念这个不平凡又短暂的三十年,我们精选了在此期间人尽皆知的一些经典热词与您共享革开放时期,随着市场经济的繁荣,许多人不满于现状,转而经商,称之为:下海。

“下”字有屈就的意思,下海的许多人员原本是政府机关人员,他们放弃有保障的就业体系而从事风险较大的商业行为,这也说明一种勇气。

人们对商人从事的行业有“商场”、“商海”之称,故而下海这个说法沿用至今。

下岗get laid off
下岗,职工下岗的简称,是我国劳动力长期供大于求造成的一种客观现象。

我国人口多,劳动力总量大、增长快,远远超过社会生产的需求,就业岗位相对不足,结果造成不少需要分流的企业富余人员暂时找不到就业机会而成为下岗职工。

职工下岗现象是计划经济条件下就业制度在经济转轨过程中的必然反映。

下岗再就业re-employment of laid-off workers
黄金周golden week
“黄金周“指我国的春节、劳动节(现已取消)和国庆三个节日的每个节日的连续七天休假。

如国庆七天休假称为“十•一黄金周”。

农民工migrant worker
中国大陆特有词汇,指身为中国大陆特有的农业户口身份的工人;指从农村进入城市,依靠替雇主工作为谋生手段,但不具备非农业户口的社会群体。

房奴mortgage slave (Mortgage slave is adopted to describe thosepeople whose mortgage payment is more than half of their monthlysalary.)
“房奴”是指城镇居民抵押贷款购房,在生命黄金时期中的20到30年,每年用占可支配收入的40%至50%甚至更高的比例偿还贷款本息,从而造成居民家庭生活的长期压力,影响正常消费。

购房影响到自己教育支出、医药费支出和抚养老人等,使得家庭生活质量下降,甚至让人感到奴役般的压抑。

钉子户“dingzihu”; nail house (a person or household who refuses tomove and bargains for unreasonably high compensation when the lan d isrequisitioned for a construction project)
在城市建设征用土地时,讨价还价,不肯迁走的住户。

黄牛党ticket scalper
“黄牛党”就是俗称的“票贩子”。

“票贩子”在北京行话叫“拼缝儿的”,而上海人称之为“黄牛党”,近年来上海方言还称“打桩模子”,还有更形象的比喻把这类人称之为“票虫儿”。

传销pyramid selling
有实际产品,人员发展上线、下线、金字塔式的销售模式。

走后门pull the string
不正当的手段来谋求达到某种个人目的,叫“走后门”。

潜规则hidden rule
“潜规则”指的是行业内心知肚明却又从不愿被捅破的一种“规则”;尤指娱乐圈
“超女”super girl (Super Girl Contest)
是中国湖南卫视从2004年起主办的大众歌手选秀赛。

此项赛事接受任何喜欢唱歌的女性个人或组合的报名。

其颠覆传统的一些规则,受到了许多观众的喜爱,是现今中国大陆颇受欢迎的娱乐节目之一。

“粉丝”fans
粉丝,是英语“fans”的谐音。

“fan”是“运动、电影等的爱好者” 的意思。

所以,“film fan”是“影迷”的意思。

也可以理解为“××迷”或者“××追星族”一类意思。

“fans”是“fan”的复数。

原来“粉丝”被称为追星族。

但是这个词汇早已被时尚抛弃。

现在许多年轻人对这个新词汇爱不释手,它已成为了时尚的代名词。

按揭mortgage
指以房地产等实物资产或有价证券、契约等作抵押,获得银行贷款并依合同分期付清本息,贷款还清后银行归还抵押物。

双休日two-day weekend
通常指周六和周日放假休息的时间,包括大人工作休息以及小孩学习休息。

1994年3月5日,是我国新工时制实行的第一个休息日,人们感到了一个不小的“解放”。

炒鱿鱼get fired
“炒鱿鱼”这个词,是形容工作被辞退、解雇、甚至开除。

在旧社会,被解雇的人一听到老板的通知,便只好卷起铺盖走人。

后来人们从“炒鱿鱼”这道菜中发现,在烹炒
鱿鱼时,每块鱼片都由平直的形状,慢慢卷起来成为圆筒状,这和卷起的铺盖外形差不多,而且卷的过程也很相像。

人们由此产生了联想,就用“炒鱿鱼”代替“卷铺盖”,也就是表示被解雇和开除的意思。

博客blog
“博客”一词是从英文单词Blog翻译而来。

Blog是Weblog的简称,而Weblog则是由Web和Log两个英文单词组合而成。

Weblog就是在网络上发布和阅读的流水记录,通常称为“网络日志”,简称为“网志”。

炒股to speculate in the stock market
炒股就是买卖股票,靠做股票生意而牟利。

“股市有风险,入市需谨慎”这句话是每个投资者都应该牢记在心的。

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