语法动词不定式.ppt
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公开课课件动词不定式的用法
05
动词不定式与其他非谓语动词比较
与动名词比较
动词不定式和动名词在句子中都可以充当主语、宾语等成分，但它们的意义和用法 有所不同。
动词不定式表示具体的、一次性的动作，而动名词则表示抽象的、习பைடு நூலகம்性的动作。
在某些情况下，动词不定式和动名词可以互换使用，但表达的含义可能有所不同。
与现在分词比较
动词不定式和现在分词都可以表示主 动的动作，但它们的时态和语态有所 不同。
在某些情况下，动词不定式和现在分 词可以互换使用，但需要根据具体语 境来判断。
动词不定式不受时态限制，可以表示 过去、现在或将来的动作，而现在分 词则通常表示正在进行的动作。
与过去分词比较
动词不定式和过去分词都可以表示被动的动作，但它们的用法和意义有 所不同。
动词不定式表示被动的动作时，需要使用助动词be的适当形式，而过去 分词则可以直接表示被动的动作。
03
动词不定式在句子中作用
作主语
01
动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词 用单数形式。
02
常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语 动词不定式置于句后。
作宾语
能够接动词不定式作宾语的有ask, agree, beg, decide, determine等 。
动词不定式与名词等构成复合宾语时 ，通常要用it作形式宾语，而把真正的 宾语动词不定式置于句后。
择合适的动词形式。例如，正确的表达是 “I enjoy listening to music”，而不是
“I enjoy to listen to music”。
逻辑主语问题
要点一
不定式逻辑主语与句子主语不一 致
动词不定式的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致。例如，正 确的表达是“It is important for you to study hard”， 而不是“It is important for him to study hard”。
动词不定式(12张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
She wants to play the piano. 她想弹钢琴。
Jim told me not to wake up Kate. 吉姆告诉我不要叫醒凯特。
语法透视
考点大观 易错辨析 通关训练
动词不定式的用法
2. 不带to的不定式结构。 (1) 在固定词组had better之后。注意：had better
—Mary is very generous. —Yes, she gave away all her money she owned
____ people in need. A. to help B. to helping C. helped D. helping
【解析】本句话意为“玛丽真是太慷慨了。是的， 她把她所有的钱都捐给了缺钱的人们”。表目的 用动词不定式，所以答案选A。
动词不定式的结构： to + 动词原形
语法透视
动词不定式的用法
考点大观 易错辨析 通关训练
1. 省to的不定式结构 (1) 能 直 接 跟 带 to 的 不 定 式 结 构 的 动 词 主 要 有 ：
want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop等。 (2) 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not ，即not to do sth。
语法透视
动词不定式的用法
考点大观
3. 动词不定式作主语。动词不定式作主语可以放在 后面，而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
易错辨析 通关训练
To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
初中动词不定式完整ppt课件
但有的动词（如：need, want, require等）后面接动名词或动 词不定式作宾语均可。
在It + be + 形容词（easy, difficult, expensive等） + 不 定式句型中，动词不定式常用it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语 放到句子后面。
作定语
动词不定式作定语时，要放在被修饰的名词之后，表示与这个名词有逻辑上的动宾 关系，即不定式动词可以修饰的名词应是它的表语或宾语。
误用动词不定式的时态和语态
动词不定式的时态和语态需要根据句子的语境和上下文进行判断，但在 实际使用中，学生往往容易忽略这一点，导致时态和语态的错误使用。
注意事项
注意动词不定式的正确性
在使用动词不定式时，要确保其形式 的正确性，包括时态、语态、逻辑主 语等方面。
注意上下文语境
多练习、多积累
掌握动词不定式的用法需要大量的练 习和积累，因此学生应该多做相关练 习，多阅读相关材料，以便更好地掌 握这一语法点。
例如
They were watching TV at this time yesterday.（昨天这 个时候他们正在看电视）
语态的转换
1 2
主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者
被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者
3
动词不定式的语态转换
将主动语态的不定式改为被动语态的不定式，一 般在不定式前加to be，并将不定式的逻辑主语 作为被动语态的主语
04
动词不定式的省略和倒装
省略情况
当动词不定式在句子中作宾语补足语，表示的是一次性 的具体动作，且句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语一致时， 可以省略to。
当动词不定式中的动词是be、have、助动词或情态动 词时，可以省略to。
高考语法复习不定式的时态和语态(共14张PPT)
不定式的语态(1)
1. 通常不定式的主动形式to do 表示不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示 动作的执行者
Example: it is not very good for you to smoke so much 抽这么多烟对你的身体不好
To smoke 的动作执行者就是you .
不定式的语态(2)
2. 不定式的被动形式to be done通常表示不定式的逻辑 主语是其所表示的动作承受者。
不定式的时态形式（1）
1、不定式的一般式to do 一般表示的动作与位于动词表示的动作 一般没有时间先后顺序
Example: I hope to finish reading the book tonight. 注：hope 和to finish 两个动作并没有先后之分
不定式的时态形式（2）
2.不定式的进行式 to be doing 表示的动作一般与谓语动词同时发生
Example: I am very happy to be praised 受到如此褒奖我非常高兴
注：to be praised 的动作承受者是 I
不定式的语态(3)
3. 不定式to do 作定语，与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系，
又与句子中的另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系的不定式用主动
动词不定式 to do
讲师：XX
不定式 To do
知识点一： 不定式有带to 的不定式与不带to的不定
式有两种。不定式表示动作或状态，因此有一般 式、进行式、完成式（to do 、to be doing 、to have done)三种时态形式和主动、被动(to be done 、 to have been done)两种语态形式
4.有性质形容词修饰不定式的结构中，不定式 用主动表示被动
语法讲座动词不定式PPT教学课件
All we have to do is push the button.
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
All I could do was send him a telegram.
不定式还用在系动词 seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语．
I forget opening the windows.
cease to do afraid to do interested to do
cease doing afraid doing interested doing
及物动词want,need,require等， 当其主语是“物”时，表示“需 要”，常用动词不定式的被动式 作宾语
where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there.
I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not.
We must find out what to do next / where to put it.
How long did it take you to finish the work?
注③：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在 特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由 “ for + 名词词组” 来表示，如：
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It was difficult for me to do the work.
for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特 点，表示客观形式的形容词，如
easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
All I could do was send him a telegram.
不定式还用在系动词 seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语．
I forget opening the windows.
cease to do afraid to do interested to do
cease doing afraid doing interested doing
及物动词want,need,require等， 当其主语是“物”时，表示“需 要”，常用动词不定式的被动式 作宾语
where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there.
I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not.
We must find out what to do next / where to put it.
How long did it take you to finish the work?
注③：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在 特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由 “ for + 名词词组” 来表示，如：
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It was difficult for me to do the work.
for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特 点，表示客观形式的形容词，如
easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
高中英语语法 动词不定式的用法(31张PPT)
e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住。
3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way， 不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。
4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式 做后置定语。
二. 时态与语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式 完成式 完成进行式
to be doing ----------
to
have
done
to have done
been
to have been ---------doing
(1).They pretended not to see us.
I expect you to give me some help.
watch
let
五看
see
三使 make
look at observe
have
notice
listen to
二听
一感觉:feel
hear
注意
1> help 后面的“to”可省去
e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water.
(3) 宾语
I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again.
3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way， 不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。
4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式 做后置定语。
二. 时态与语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式 完成式 完成进行式
to be doing ----------
to
have
done
to have done
been
to have been ---------doing
(1).They pretended not to see us.
I expect you to give me some help.
watch
let
五看
see
三使 make
look at observe
have
notice
listen to
二听
一感觉:feel
hear
注意
1> help 后面的“to”可省去
e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water.
(3) 宾语
I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again.
高中语法——动词不定式(54张PPT)
2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.
3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker. 4. Even after all that, no one could give
my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds. 5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.
Try to find the sentences which contain the infinitives.
1. Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.
3. something, anything, nothi做后置定语。
4. 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需加 适当的介词。 Please pass me some paper to write _o_n_.
1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？
1. 主语 (subject) 2. 表语 (predicative) 3. 宾语 (object) 4. 宾补 (object complement) 5. 定语 (attribute) 6. 状语 (adverbial) 7. 独立结构 (absolute construction)
《动词不定式》课件
动词不定式作定语时，表示目的、 原因等意义
动词不定式的时态和语态
第四章
时态形式及用法
一般式：不定式的一般形式为to do，表示动作的一般情况
进行式：不定式的进行式为to be doing，表示动作正在进行
完成式：不定式的完成式为to have done，表示动作已经完成 完成进行式：不定式的完成进行式为to have been doing，表示动作 已经完成且一直持续到现在
常见问题解析
第六章
易混淆点解析
不定式作宾语与动名词作宾语的混淆 不定式作定语与动名词作定语的混淆 不定式作主语与动名词作主语的混淆 不定式作表语与动名词作表语的混淆
常见错误解析
不定式作为宾语补足语时， 动词后面缺少必要的介词
不定式作为主语或宾语时， 动词后面缺少必要的介词
不定式作为状语时，动词后 面缺少必要的介词
不定式作为定语时，动词后 面缺少必要的介词
练习与巩固
第七章
单项选择题
动词不定式作宾语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 A. 对 B. 错 答案：A. 对
A. 对 B. 错
动 答 案 ：词A . 对 不 定 式 作 宾 语 补 足 语 时 ， 其 逻 辑 主 语 必 须 是 句 子 的 宾语。 A. 对 B. 错 答案：B. 错
A. 对 B. 错 答案：B. 错
动词不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 A. 对 B. 错 答案：A. 对
A. 对 B. 错 答案：A. 对
动词不定式作定语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的宾语。 A. 对 B. 错 答案：B. 错
A. 对 B. 错 答案：B. 错
完形填空题
题目：动词不定式完形填空 内容：提供多个含有动词不定式的句子，要求学生在句子中填写正确的动词不定式形式 目的：帮助学生掌握动词不定式的用法和形式，提高语言运用能力 难度：根据学生水平设置不同难度的题目，包括简单、中等和困难等级别
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6. Little Jim should love _____ to the
theatre this evening. (MET 97) A.to be taken B. to take B. C. being taken D. taking
7.There are five pairs ___,but I’m at a loss which to buy.(2019上海高考)
B. C. made
D. to make
动词不定式的语态
㈡.被动式( to be done / to have been done)
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示 的动作的承受者时.
1. He didn’t like to be laughed at.
2. He claimed ____in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海98）
A. rising C. rose
B. to rise D. risen
5.— Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?
--- __enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get
B. Getting
getting
C. To get
D. To be
6.—Would you be so kind us out? ---With pleasure.
A. helping B. in helping C. help D. as to help
练习
1. —The light in the office is still on.
---Oh, I forgot
.
A. turning it off C.. having turned it off
B. turn it off D. to turn it off
2. She can’t help ______ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
注意
C. 带疑问词的动词不定式在to
前加疑问词。
Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer. Can you tell me where to get the book?
注意
D. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，
动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词， 只保留to 。
如果谓语表示 的动作发生在 不定式之前。
1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.
动词不定式的语态
㈠.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done)
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
B. C. to choose D. for choosing
8. ________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2019年北京春季高考)
A. To sleep C. Sleep
A. being badly treated B.treating badly
B. C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly
treated.
高考题汇集：
1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier
5. A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _____the first computer. (MET2019)
A. to invent
B. inventing
B. Sleeping D. Having sleep
9. With a lot of difficult problems ________,the
newly-elected president is having a hard time.
(2019年上海春季高考)
A. settled B. C.to settle
作状语
He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be
heard.
目的状语.
They jumped with joy to hear the news.
原因状语.
I’m too tired to walk any further tonight.
结果状语
作宾补
1. 她叫我呆在这儿。 She asked me to stay there.
动词不定式的时态
㈠. 一般式( to do ).
不定式的一般式所 表示的动作（状态） 同时（或几乎同时） 发生，或door to enter the room.
2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
A:Would you like to come to my party? B: Yes , I’d love to ( come to your party). Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。 Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).
2. 放弃吸烟是对的。
To give up smoking is right.
作宾语
1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。
Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.
2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
A. to clean C. Cleaned
B. cleaning D. being c leaned
3. Not everybody has the ability
in public.
A. of speak C. spoken
B. speaking D. to speak
4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teacher’s questions in class.
A.to have played
C. to be played
B. to play D. to be playing
11. In order to gain a bigger share in the
international market, many state run companies are trying ______their products more competitive. ( 2019上海春季高考)
作表语
1. 我的工作是教英语。
My job is to teach English.
2. 眼见为实。
To see is to believe.
作定语
1. 你有什么要说的吗?
Do you have anything to say?
2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人
Betty was the first to know the truth
I heard them sing a pop song .
The teacher made me answer the question.
We watched them play football .
注意
B. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to
前加 not.
My father decided not to take up the job. The teacher told us not to be late again.
B. C. heavy too much much
B. too much heavy D. too heavy
5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______. (NMET95)
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
B. C. to have invented C. having invented
4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home. (MET2019)
A. much too heavy
B. settling D. being settled
10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that
each of us has a role_____in making the earth a better place to live. (2019上海春季高考)
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的 动作的执行者时.
1. We want to learn English well.
theatre this evening. (MET 97) A.to be taken B. to take B. C. being taken D. taking
7.There are five pairs ___,but I’m at a loss which to buy.(2019上海高考)
B. C. made
D. to make
动词不定式的语态
㈡.被动式( to be done / to have been done)
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示 的动作的承受者时.
1. He didn’t like to be laughed at.
2. He claimed ____in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海98）
A. rising C. rose
B. to rise D. risen
5.— Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?
--- __enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get
B. Getting
getting
C. To get
D. To be
6.—Would you be so kind us out? ---With pleasure.
A. helping B. in helping C. help D. as to help
练习
1. —The light in the office is still on.
---Oh, I forgot
.
A. turning it off C.. having turned it off
B. turn it off D. to turn it off
2. She can’t help ______ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
注意
C. 带疑问词的动词不定式在to
前加疑问词。
Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer. Can you tell me where to get the book?
注意
D. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，
动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词， 只保留to 。
如果谓语表示 的动作发生在 不定式之前。
1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.
动词不定式的语态
㈠.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done)
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
B. C. to choose D. for choosing
8. ________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2019年北京春季高考)
A. To sleep C. Sleep
A. being badly treated B.treating badly
B. C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly
treated.
高考题汇集：
1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier
5. A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _____the first computer. (MET2019)
A. to invent
B. inventing
B. Sleeping D. Having sleep
9. With a lot of difficult problems ________,the
newly-elected president is having a hard time.
(2019年上海春季高考)
A. settled B. C.to settle
作状语
He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be
heard.
目的状语.
They jumped with joy to hear the news.
原因状语.
I’m too tired to walk any further tonight.
结果状语
作宾补
1. 她叫我呆在这儿。 She asked me to stay there.
动词不定式的时态
㈠. 一般式( to do ).
不定式的一般式所 表示的动作（状态） 同时（或几乎同时） 发生，或door to enter the room.
2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
A:Would you like to come to my party? B: Yes , I’d love to ( come to your party). Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。 Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).
2. 放弃吸烟是对的。
To give up smoking is right.
作宾语
1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。
Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.
2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
A. to clean C. Cleaned
B. cleaning D. being c leaned
3. Not everybody has the ability
in public.
A. of speak C. spoken
B. speaking D. to speak
4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teacher’s questions in class.
A.to have played
C. to be played
B. to play D. to be playing
11. In order to gain a bigger share in the
international market, many state run companies are trying ______their products more competitive. ( 2019上海春季高考)
作表语
1. 我的工作是教英语。
My job is to teach English.
2. 眼见为实。
To see is to believe.
作定语
1. 你有什么要说的吗?
Do you have anything to say?
2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人
Betty was the first to know the truth
I heard them sing a pop song .
The teacher made me answer the question.
We watched them play football .
注意
B. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to
前加 not.
My father decided not to take up the job. The teacher told us not to be late again.
B. C. heavy too much much
B. too much heavy D. too heavy
5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______. (NMET95)
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
B. C. to have invented C. having invented
4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home. (MET2019)
A. much too heavy
B. settling D. being settled
10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that
each of us has a role_____in making the earth a better place to live. (2019上海春季高考)
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的 动作的执行者时.
1. We want to learn English well.