solutions for assignment3
英汉对比Assignment 3 汇总讲评 09翻译
• Persistent Pig : A pig who persistented to live after buried in the ruins for 36 days during the wenchun earthquake.When it was diged up by the sodiers, many people was deeply moved by its persistence . Afterward, it was called “Persistent Pig” .
• A pig who was buried under the earth for 36 days during the wenchuan earthquake, and it weighs much lighter during the earthquake. It was strong enough to survive the earthquake.
Assignment 3
猪坚强
图文并茂版译文：
• 猪坚强:During Wen Chuan earthquake, a pig, which was buried in ruins ,sustained life by eating charcoal. And thirty six days later, it was still alive and rescued by people. At that time,its weight reduced to about 50 kilogram from 150 kilogram. It tells people how strong life can be.It's a miracle of life.
solutions for assignment1
by a direct link of R = 2 Mbps. Suppose the propagation speed over the link is 2.5 x108 meters/sec. a. Calculate the bandwidth-delay product, R x d prop b. Consider sending a file of 800,000 bits from Host A to Host B. Suppose the file is sent continuously as one large message. What is the maximum number of bits that will be in the link at any given time? c. Provide an interpretation of the bandwidth-delay product. d. What is the width (in meters) of a bit in the link? Is it longer than a football field? e. Derive a general expression for the width of a bit in terms of the propagation speeds, the transmission rate R, and the length of the link m.
Assignment 3 outline
Assignment 3 outline:According to Lynda Gratton of The Financial Times, workplace loyalty is dead and has been “killed off through shortening contracts, outsourcing, automation and multiple careers.” is extremely right. I agree that there is no place for workplace loyalty today.Professional loyalty means the employees` love and loyalty for their own career. Company loyalty is the loyalty of the staff for the enterprise. There are many reasons for lacking of loyalty in workplace.Why is no place for workplace loyalty today?Some employees can clearly feel the contact between him and work are not close, and there are many reason for this situation, such as when company has recession, it will have a large of layoffs.Company doesn`t care about employee`s loyalty.Employee`s benefits, training and promotion opportunities are greatly reduced.The new employee wants to establish their own brand and have their own expectations when the time is rape.Strong liquidity will lead to the decline in employees` commitment. Communication between employee and boss, between departments, and senior management and management staff is not enough. Many people who have been fired often don't even know why.Another problem is that few companies truly keep their promises to their employees, yet foolishly they expect their employees to remain loyal. Many employees havebecome cynical about management in general, largely because of companies' broken promises concerning raises, promotions, bonuses, incentives, enhanced benefits, and other work related matters.What can we do improve worker loyalty?As an employee, the key is to take responsibility for your own life and professional career and ask your boss what is expected of you.Loyalty is not a quality to be expected; loyalty must be earned. The employer, the one doing the hiring, must earn the respect and loyalty of employees if the company wants loyalty returned.Companies should to provide more opportunities for employees` learning and promotion.Stimulating the ambitions and dreams of employees is also important. Companies should provide glory and good treatment to good employees, and give reflection and elimination to someone, who does nothing.。
2021年全国大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)B类决赛真题
2021年全国大学生英语竞赛（NECCS） B类决赛真题（总分:119.55,做题时间：120分钟）一、听力对话单题（总题数：5,分数：6. 00）1.（分数：1.20） A.A black T-shirt. B.A baseball cap. C. A sports car.D. A model taxi. V解析：原文：W: What colour T-shirt shall I bring you from New York, Fred?M:I' d prefer black but---actually a baseball cap would be a good idea. W: Mmm. Or what about anothermodel car for your collection? I could get you a New York taxi.M: Great. I really like the sportscar you bought me last time. Question: What gift will the woman bring?题干问女士会带什么礼物。
通过对话内容可知，女士提议给男士的收藏品中再添一辆模型车，可以给他带个纽约出租车。
男士同意了。
应选Do 2.（分数：L20） A. £ 16. 50. B. £ 12. 50. C. £10.D. £15. V解析：原文：W: What colour T-shirt shall I bring you from New York, Fred?M: V d preferblack but---actually a baseball cap would be a good idea. W: Minm. Or what about another model carfor your collection? I could get you a New York taxi. M: Great. I really like the sports car youbought me last time. Question: What gift will the woman bring?题干问男士门票的价格。
Assignment 3
Macroeconomics: Assignment 3(Deadline: at the beginning of Lecture 5)Cheng Sun1.Readings: Look at the newspapers and magazines for the past few weeks. Arethere any discussions about the international capital flow, exchange rate or unemployment rate? How do you interpret these discussions?2.Consider an economy described by the following equations:Y=C+I+G+NXY=5000G=1000T=1000C=250+0.75(Y-T)I=1000-50rNX=500-500εr=r*=5a)In this economy, solve for national saving, investment, the trade balance, andthe equilibrium exchange rate.b)Suppose now that G rises to 1250. Solve for national saving, investment, thetrade balance and the equilibrium exchange rate. Explain what you find.c)Now suppose that the world interest rate rises from 5 to 10 percent. G is again1000. Solve for the national saving, investment, the trade balance and the equilibrium exchange rate, Explain what you find.3.Consider an economy with the following Cobb-Douglas production function:YY=KK1/3LL2/3The economy has 1000 units of capital and a labor force of 1000 workers.a)Derive the equation describing labor demand in this economy as a function ofthe real wage and the capital stock. (Hint: review the first lecture.)b)If the real wage can adjust to equilibrate labor supply and labor demand, whatis the real wage? In this equilibrium, what are employment, output, and the total amount earned by workers?c)Now suppose that Congress, concerned about the welfare of the working class,passes a law requiring firms to pay workers a real wage of one unit of output.How does this wage compare to the equilibrium wage?d)Congress cannot dictate how many workers hire at the mandated wage. Giventhis fact, what are the effects of this law? Specifically, what happens to employment, output, and the total amount earned by workers?e)Will the Congress succeed in its goal of helping the working class? Explain.f)Do you think that this analysis provides a good way of thinking about aminimum wage level? Why or why not?。
assignment#3
ENBUS 102 – Assignment 3(PLEASE COMPLETE AND SUBMIT THIS AS YOUR COVER SHEET FOR THEASSIGNMENT)Your name: ____Adolf_____________Pinyin: ____Mai Jiadong______Your Chinese name: ______麦加东___DETAILS ON ASSIGNMENT:Name of company: __MEC（Mountain Equipment Co-op）________Place on scale of corporate greening (circle one):Compliance Beyond Compliance Eco-efficiency SustainableDevelopmentNumber of words in your review (excluding bibliography, but including any footnotes or endnotes)*: __1198__ * - Note that this must be between 900 and 1,200 wordsPlease verify each of the following points by circling your answer. If you answer ‘no’ to any of the following, please provide an explanation.2. I have included a proper bibliography, which includes3. This assignment was completed by my own efforts and__________________________________ _5 november 2014your signature dateThis article is about where, on a scale of corporate greening, is MEC located? Personally speaking, I hold the believe that the scale of MEC is sustainable development. “Sustainable Development” is definite that “Meeting the need of thepresent without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”(Brundtland, 1987). As the introduction of MEC in official webside, “as a business- and as people – we operate with integrity and show respect for each other and the environment. For over 40 years we‟ve been dreaming big and demonstrating the best of what business can be in our society” . In this study, to confirm my opinion about the Scale of MEC from several sides. First of all, MEC‟s Vision, Philosophy and Objectives. Secondly, MEC‟s Policies and Practices. Lastly, MEC‟s Sustainability Commitments.MEC‟s Vision , Philosophy and ObjectivesMEC‟s Vision is to become “an innovative, thriving co-operative that inspires excellence in products and services, passion for wilderness experiences, leadership for a just world, and action for a healthy planet”(Sam, Esakin,C, & Pappin, 2012). In 2010 and 2012, MEC was regarded as the “Best 50 Corporate Citizens” by Corporate Knights, which seeks to provide leadership in sustainability, setting benchamarks in the outdoor retail industry.MEC‟s philosophy is “anchore in its operations, conducting business ethically and with integrity, respecting and protecting the natural environment while promoting personal growth”(Sam, Esakin,C, & Pappin,2012). Though the following strategic goals, MEC insists its sustainability principles and recognizes the limits to the carrying capacity of the planet, finding that health economy and society environment require a healthy , function and vibrant planet to thrive.such as “reducing material waste”, “Improve energy, water and carbon footprint”, “increase the culture of outdoor recreation” and “accelerate systemic change towards environmental, social and economic sustainability in the marketplace”.As a commercial entity, MEC‟s objective is “to provide highly durable and quality outdoor products and services and promote activities that enhance access to parks and other recreational facilities within the context oof a thriving environment”(Sam, Esakin,C, & Pappin,2012). MEC is an active player in sustainable development. Firstly, MEC will encourage members to lead healthy and active lives and to become stewards of the natural environment. Besides, it also promote wilderness conservation and responsible use of outdoor and recreational resources. Most importantly, MEC reduce the social and environmental impacts of products, services and operations, which is most effective and effient way to protect our environment. There are an example about MEC reducing social and environmental impacts. As we all know, Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC) is an unenvironmental chamical substance. The PVC products can leak dangerous additives and are difficult to recycle and mostly end up in landfills. However, PVC was in favor of a huge amount of manufacturing company, resulting from the fact that its cost is low. Insteading of using PVC as raw materials, MEC require products‟s raw materials must be natural and human-made, which is biodegradable and harmless to human body. This method for MEC is not maximum profit. MEC can earn more beneficial thought unenvironmental and non-sustainablily development measure, but they don‟t do that. MEC insist its objectives and philosophy, builting an sustainable development retail sector, which ought to be respect by all of us.MEC‟s Policies and PracticesSuccess requires strategic planning that is process-oriented and incremental in scope. Since its inception, MEC appears to have in corporated the “Triple Bottom Line” into its operations and continue to expand the scope of its sustainability activities. We will talk about key elements of MEC‟s sustainability policies and programs are discussed as follow.Product DesignMEC‟s policy advises “MEC does not design or buy products or use technologies that have unacceptable impacts on the environment” and “MEC also does not buy or design products specifically for motorized activities, neither does it design , make orsource products intended to kill or harm animals”(Sam, Esakin,C, & Pappin, 2012). What‟s more, the products design which make by MEC not only use investigation of material requirements and anlysis of the influences of materials on the environment,but also consider end use of the products and make recycling an integral part of the product design process. Therefore, 100% organically grown cotton in its brand clothing, which has eliminated PVC.Carbon FootprintsThought developing an Energy Master Plan (EMP)which provides a framework for making sound energy management decisions, MEC deeply reduce its carbon footprint down. MEC‟s policy advises to “phase out ozone-depleting substances from its heating and cooling systems was adopted” , which leading to the innovation of a greenbuilding program based on the “4R” principle: “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle & Rethink”.By the way, MEC not only pay more on attantion on control products quantity, but also require their employee having same mentality about protecting the world. For example, MEC claim it has a policy to “encourage the use of less polluting means of transportation to and from work by staff”. Providing no car parking for emplyees and pricing bike commuting by staff, all this method lead to the dates as follow. In 2010, 81% of staff took alternative modes of transportation (including biking walking, use of public transport and carpooling) to work with only 18% driving to work in single-occupancy vehicles.Waste ManagementMEC‟s waste management strategy started with analysis of its waste stream covering a period of five years.thought conducting waste audits every year, MEC can estimate the amount of waste it generates with the help of a third party.Based on MEC reports, “it uses chemicals with the lowest negative impact on the environment, such as non-chlorine bleach, minimizes the use of dark dyes which tend to have greater impact, and ensuring effluents are treated”. Further more,” To promote responsible waste m anagement, a product …take-back‟ program at the store level was put in place”. All this methods mentioned above, which can help MEC taking back 1.16 tonnes and 1.3 tonnes of batteries at certified take back facilities in 2010 and 2011.MEC‟s Sustainability Commitments“Mountain Equipment Co-op(MEC) is Canada‟s leading supplier of quality outdoor gear, clothing , and services aimed at helping people enjoy the benefits of self-propelled wilderness-oriented recreation. Founded by six people in 1971, MEC now has over three million members, making it the largest consumer co-op in the country”(Bains, 2009)It is under this background, MEC‟s Sustainability Commitments is about how to make the business, product, comsumption and local economy more sustainability.there is an example about it. MEC will provide a safe and respectful workplace where its employees are highly valued, treated fairly and encouraged to make a difference. Furthermore, in order to improve quatity of employees , MEC have a specific site for emplyees to write down what they do in the co-op and what they need to do it well.Personally speaking, I think this is an wonderful idea for employees to plan job schedule and improve personal ability.ConsultsAccording to definition of Sustainable development, there is no denying that MEC company is perceived to be a good example on the scan of sustainable development companies. No matter from the company‟s philosophy or its policies and pratices, all the evidence can prove MEC is an sustainable development companies. And MEC, this sustainable development company ,will push the green environment case to a higher mountain and protecting the environment efficientlyReferenceOxford University Press. (1987). Our Common Future.Retrieved on November 5, 2014 from /p-374286440.htmlSam, Esakin,C, & Pappin. (2012). From Sustainability Case Study: Mountain Equipment Co-op(MEC). Retrieved on November 5, 2014from /personal/publications/MEC%20Sustainability%2 0Case%20Study_SAM%20and%20ESAKIN%20and%20PAPPIN%20for%20Chang%2 0School%20at%20Ryerson%20University_September%202012.pdfBrains (2009). From Mountain Equipment Co-op(MEC)Demonstrating the best of What a Business Can Be. Retrieved on November 5, 2014from http://www.coopscanada.coop/public_html/assets/firefly/files/files/envir onmental_sustainability/MEC-_web_style.pdfMEC (2011). Accountability Report (Update) [online]. Available from:http://www.mec.ca/AST/ContentPrimary/Sustainability/AccountabilityReport/Ap proach.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198674183530 [Accessed: 10August 2012].MEC (2010). Accountability Report [online]. Available from:http://www.mec.ca/media/Images/pdf/accountability/accountability-2010-report_v2_m56577569831149659.pdf [Accessed: 10 August 2012].MEC (2009a). Accountability Report (Interim) [online]. Available from: http://www.mec.ca/Main/content_text.jsp?FOLDER%3C%3EbrowsePath=1408 474396038945&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=1408474396038945 [Accessed: 10 August, 2012].MEC (2009). Accountability Performance Report (Interim) [online]. Available from: http://images.mec.ca/media/Images/pdf/accountability/MEC_2009_Accountabili ty_Report_v2_m56577569830970401.pdf [Accessed: 10 August 2012].Web System Adminstrator(November 14, 2013), in eluta.ca/jobs-at-mec. Retrieved on November 5, 2014 fromhttps:///BC1/ats/careers/requisition.jsp?org=MEC1&cws=1&rid =780Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC). (n. d. ). In Dictionary. com. Retrieved on November 5, 2014 from /browse/PVC?s=tVan Marrewigk, M. (2003) Multiple Levels of Corporate Sustainability Journal of Business Ethics, 44, 107-119. Retrieved on November 5, 2014. fromhttps://learn.uwaterloo.ca/d2l/le/content/154700/viewContent/931490/View。
Assignment 3
Please schedule your time wisely！！！作业要求：1）每个人都要翻译一遍，并提交译文；命名方式：学号后两位_姓名_班级.doc 2）个人翻译完后，小组成员间进行讨论，提交高质量译文，每组提交一份，用于最后评分；命名方式：小组号_翻译_班级.d oc3）各组提交翻译分析报告，内容为分析各个成员不同的翻译并进行评介；命名方式：小组号_报告_班级.doc提交时间：1）个人翻译：6月5日23：59：592）小组翻译：6月9日23：59：593）由各班学委收齐后统一提交，不接受个人提交以及超时提交。
IntroductionWe go about our daily lives und erstanding almost nothing of the worl d. We give little thought to the machinery that generates the sunlight that makes life possibl e, to the gravity that glues us to an Earth that woul d otherwise send us spinning off into space, or to the atoms of which we are mad e and on whose stability we fundamentally d epend. Except for children (who d on’t know enough not to ask the important questions), few of us spend much time wond ering why nature is the way is; where the cosmos came from, or whether it was always here; if time will one day fl ow backward and effects preced e causes; or whether there are ultimate limits to what humans can know. There are even children, and I have met some of them, who want to know what a black hol e l ooks like; what is the smallest piece of matter; why we remember the past and not the future; how it is, if there was chaos early, that there is, apparently, ord er today; and why there is a universe.In our society it is still customary for parents and teachers to answer most of these questions with a shrug, or with an appeal to vaguely recall ed religious precepts. Some are uncomfortabl e with issues like these, because they so vividly expose the limitations of human und erstanding.But much of phil osophy and science has been driven by such inquiries. An increasing number of adults are willing to ask questions of this sort, and occasionally they get some astonishing answers. Equidistant from the atoms and the stars, we are expanding our exploratory horizons to embrace both the very small and the very large.In the spring of 1974, about two years before the Viking spacecraft land ed on Mars, I was at a meeting in England sponsored by the Royal Society of Lond on to explore the question of how to search for extraterrestrial life. During a coffeebreak I noticed that a much larger meeting was being hel d in an adjacent hall, which out or curiosity I entered. I soon realized that I was witnessing and ancient rite, the investiture of new fell ows into the Royal Society, one of the most ancient scholarly organizations on the planet. In the front row a young man in a wheelchair was, very slowly, signing his name in a book that bore on its earliest pages the signature of Isaac Newton. When at last he finished, there was a stirring ovation. Stephen Hawking was a l egend even then.Hawking is now the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a post once hel d by Newton and later by P.A.M. Dirac, two celebrated explorers of the very large and the small. He is their worthy successor. This, Hawking’s first book for the nonspecialist, hol ds rewards of many kinds for the lay audience. As interesting as the book’s wid e-ranging contents is the glimpse it provid es into the workings of its au thor’s mind. In this book are lucid revelations on the frontiers of physics, astronomy, cosmol ogy, and courage.This is also a book about God… or perhaps about the absence of God. The word God fills these pages. Hawking embarks on a quest to answer Einste in’s famous question about whether God had any choice in creating the universe. Hawking is attempting, as he explicitly states, to und erstand the mind of God. And this makes all the more unexpected the conclusion of the effort, at l east so far: a universe with no edge in space, no beginning or end in time, and nothing for a Creator to d o.-- Carl Sagan Cornell University Ithaca, New York。
Stochastic Process Assignment 3
'
Coin 1 comes up heads with probability 0.6 and coin 2 with probability 0.5. A coin
E XERCISE 3.5
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is continually flipped util it comes up tails, at which time that coin is put aside and we start flipping the other one. 1. What proportion of flips using coin 1? 2. If we start the process with coin 1, What is the probability that coin 2 is used
∞ n=0
Please prove that state j is transient precisely when
pjj < ∞. And then
(n)
pjj =
(n)
1 . 1−fjj
Æ Ò(ID)
S OLUTION
Solution:It is reasonable that
(0) pjj ∞
&
on the fifth flip?
%
S OLUTION
Solution:
Stochastic Process
Page 5 of 7
1. This experiment can be modeled by DT markov process.There are 2 state, coin 1, coin 2, which are denoted by 1, 2 respectively. Then the transition probability matrix can be P = and its graph is as below. 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5
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Chapter 3 AssignmentsP13.Consider a reliable data transfer protocol that uses only negative acknowledgments. Suppose thesender sends data infrequently. Would a NAK-only protocol be preferable to a protocol that uses ACKs? Why? Now suppose the sender has a lot of data to send and the end-to-end connection experiences few losses. In this second case, would a NAK-only protocol be preferable to a protocol that uses ACKs? Why?Answer: In a NAK only protocol, the loss of packet x is only detected by the receiver when packet x+1 is received. That is, the receivers receives x-1 and then x+1, only when x+1 is received does the receiver realize that x was missed. If there is a long delay between the transmission of x and the transmission of x+1, then it will be a long time until x can be recovered, under a NAK only protocol.On the other hand, if data is being sent often, then recovery under a NAK-only scheme could happen quickly. Moreover, if errors are infrequent, then NAKs are only occasionally sent (when needed), and ACK are never sent – a significant reduction in feedback in the NAK-only case over the ACK-only case.P23. We have said that an application may choose UDP for a transport protocol because UDP offersfiner application control (than TCP) of what data is sent in a segment and when.a. Why does an application have more control of what data is sent in a segment?b. Why does an application have more control on when the segment is sent?Answer:a) Consider sending an application message over a transport protocol. With TCP, the application writes data to the connection send buffer and TCP will grab bytes without necessarily putting a single message in the TCP segment; TCP may put more or less than a singe message in a segment. UDP, on the other hand, encapsulates in a segment whatever the application gives it; so that, if the application gives UDP an application message, this message will be the payload of the UDP segment. Thus, with UDP, an application has more control of what data is sent in a segment.b) With TCP, due to flow control and congestion control, there may be significant delay from the time when an application writes data to its send buffer until when the data is given to the network layer. UDP does not have delays due to flow control and congestion control.P34. Compare G BN, SR, and TCP (no delayed ACK). Assume that the timeout values for all threeprotocols are sufficiently long such that 5 consecutive data segments and their corresponding ACKs can be received (if not lost in the channel) by the receiving host (Host B) and the sending host (Host A) respectively. Suppose Host A sends 5 data segments to Host B, and the 2nd segment (sent from A) is lost. In the end, all 5 data segments have been correctly received by Host B.a. How many segments has Host A sent in total and how many ACKs has Host B sent in total? What are their sequence numbers? Answer this question for all three protocols.b. If the timeout values for all three protocol are much longer than 5 RTT, then which protocol success fully delivers all five data segments in shortest time interval?Answer:a).GoBackN:A sends 9 segments in total. They are initially sent segments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and later re-sent segments 2, 3, 4, and 5.B sends 8 ACKs. They are 4 ACKS with sequence number 1, and 4 ACKS with sequence numbers 2, 3, 4, and 5.Selective Repeat:A sends 6 segments in total. They are initially sent segments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and later re-sent segments 2.B sends 5 ACKs. They are 4 ACKS with sequence number 1, 3, 4, 5. And there is one ACK with sequence number 2.TCP:A sends 6 segments in total. They are initially sent segments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and later re-sent segments 2.B sends 5 ACKs. They are 4 ACKS with sequence number 2. There is one ACK with sequence numbers 6. Note that TCP always send an ACK with expected sequence number.b). TCP. This is because TCP uses fast retransmit without waiting until time out.P37 Consider Figure 3.58. Assuming TCP Reno is the protocol experiencing the behavior shownabove, answer the following questions. In all cases, you should provide a short discussion justifying your answer.a. Identify the intervals of time when TCP slow start is operating.b. Identify the intervals of time when TCP congestion avoidance is operating.c. After the 16th transmission round, is segment loss detected by a triple duplicate ACK or by a timeout?d. After the 22nd transmission round, is segment loss detected by a triple duplicate ACK or by a timeout?e. What is the initial value of ssthresh at the first transmission round?f. What is the value of ssthresh at the 18th transmission round?g. What is the value of ssthresh at the 24th transmission round?h. During what transmission round is the 70th segment sent?i. Assuming a packet loss is detected after the 26th round by the receipt of a triple duplicate ACK, what will be the values of the congestion window size and of ssthresh?j. Suppose TCP Tahoe is used (instead of TCP Reno), and assume that triple duplicate ACKs are received at the 16th round. What are the ssthresh and the congestion window size at the 19th round? k. Again suppose TCP Tahoe is used, and there is a timeout event at 22nd round. How many packets have been sent out from 17th round till 22nd round, inclusive?Figure 3.58 • TCP window size as a function of timeAnswer:a)TCP slow start is operating in the intervals [1,6] and [23,26]b)TCP congestion avoidance is operating in the intervals [6,16] and [17,22]c)After the 16th transmission round, packet loss is recognized by a triple duplicate ACK.If there was a timeout, the congestion window size would have dropped to 1.d)After the 22nd transmission round, segment loss is detected due to timeout, and hence thecongestion window size is set to 1.e)The threshold is initially 32, since it is at this window size that slow start stops andcongestion avoidance begins.f)The threshold is set to half the value of the congestion window when packet loss isdetected. When loss is detected during transmission round 16, the congestion windowssize is 42. Hence the threshold is 21 during the 18th transmission round.g)The threshold is set to half the value of the congestion window when packet loss isdetected. When loss is detected during transmission round 22, the congestion windowssize is 26. Hence the threshold is 13 during the 24th transmission round.h)During the 1st transmission round, packet 1 is sent; packet 2-3 are sent in the 2ndtransmission round; packets 4-7 are sent in the 3rd transmission round; packets 8-15 aresent in the 4th transmission round; packets 16-31 are sent in the 5th transmission round;packets 32-63 are sent in the 6th transmission round; packets 64 – 96 are sent in the 7thtransmission round. Thus packet 70 is sent in the 7th transmission round.i)The congestion window and threshold will be set to half the current value of thecongestion window (8) when the loss occurred. Thus the new values of the threshold andwindow will be 4.j)Threshold is 21, and congestion window size of 17th round is reset 1 then do slow start, so the congestion window size of 19th round is 4.k)round 17, 1 packet; round 18, 2 packets; round 19, 4 packets; round 20, 8 packets; round 21, 16 packets; round 22, 21 packets (not 32 packets!). So, the total number is 52.P40. Host A is sending an enormous file to Host B over a TCP connection. Over this connectionthere is never any packet loss and the timers never expire. Denote the transmission rate of the link connecting Host A to the Internet by R bps. Suppose that the process in Host A is capable of sending data into its TCP socket at a rate S bps, where S = 10 R. Further suppose that the TCP receive buffer is large enough to hold the entire file, and the send buffer can hold only one percent of the file. What would prevent the process in Host A from continuously passing data to its TCP socket at rate S bps? TCP flow control? TCP congestion control? Or something else? Elaborate.Answer:In this problem, there is no danger in overflowing the receiver since the receiver’s receive buffer can hold the entire file. Also, because there is no loss and acknowledgements are returned before timers expire, TCP congestion control does not throttle the sender. However, the process in host A will not continuously pass data to the socket because the send buffer will quickly fill up. Once the send buffer becomes full, the process will pass data at an average rate or R << S.D3 (don’t submit) Read the research literature to learn what is meant by TCP friendly. Also read the Sally Floyd interview at the end of this chapter. Write a one-page description of TCP friendliness.。