虚拟语气和倒装
语法：虚拟语气和倒装句
虚拟语气虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达：1.非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人的主观愿望。
2.强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告等意思，表示强烈地要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。
虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而起一般有明显的标志。
难点释疑一、If型If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：特别值得注意的是，这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟，即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致(例如：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在)，谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。
例如：If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.要是彼得申请了那职位，他很可能现在就得到了。
If he had left for Shanghai yesterday, he would get there now.如果他昨天动身去上海的话，他现在已经到那里了。
二、Wish型1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：与过去事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用did与将来事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用would/could do例如：I wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。
同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。
2.由if only 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反if only 谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反if only 谓语动词用did例如：If only she had asked someone’s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！3.由as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用did例如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。
倒装句 虚拟语气
一.全倒装（主语与谓语位置置换）1 作状语的否定副词或介词短语置于句首谓语动词不及物主语是名词（here, there ,away ,out ,down ,in the box , on the ground)2 表语或者进行时的分词部分置于句首buried in the sand was an ancient temple.Growing on the hillside are various flowers.Among the people was the young woman.二. 部分倒装（助动词系动词或情态动词置于主语前）1. 否定副词置于句首（never ,seldom,rarely,scarcely,hardly, nowhere, few,little,)2. 含有no的短语置于句首（in no way, on no condition, at no time, by no means, under no circumstances, no longer) 不包括 in no time3. Not until + 状语（包括从句）置于句首引起主句或主体倒装4. only+ 状语（包括从句）置于句首5. so /such....that 结构中 so/such 短语置于句首So cold was the weather that we had to stayat home6. So + 助/系/情+主语（neither/nor)表人云亦云7. not only.... (倒装）but also8. no sooner... than Hardly... when9. 非真是条件句省略if 从句倒装10. as/ though 非主流的部分倒装（与事实相反的假设表达对未来的美好愿望或者过去的遗憾体现说话人的态度和情绪情感是人类语言复杂含义的表达应用普遍有深意和难度和难度需要有语境和场合）一. 用时态体现的虚拟原则：对现在时间虚拟—-对过去时间虚拟—-对一般将来时间虚拟—-范围范例：1. wish +宾从2. would rather3. as if二 . 用情态动词体现的虚拟should1 . 1 坚持2 命令3 建议4 要求 +宾从（should +动词原形）2. 第一条里的动词的名词或形容词出现在句中相关的名词性从句也一样虚拟3. it is necessary/ important/ strange/ no wonder... that （should ）+do4. it is（about/ high）time （that） should do 或者 did其他情态动词对现在对过去should（not）could（not）mightwould（not）needn't三 . 非真是条件句的虚拟从句（用时态）主句（用情态动词）对现在对过去对将来主从句的时间不一致（）*隐形虚拟withoutbut forif onlyotherwise。
虚拟语气和倒装句讲解
一、主句和从句主句是句子的主干，是句子表达的主要意思，从句的意义从属于主句。
如：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。
这句话要说明的主要意思是麻雀五脏俱全，后一句是句子的主句，前面是从句。
二：关于虚拟语气第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。
例：1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。
(事实上是不知道)2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。
(事实上不可能)3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。
(事实上不可能)4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。
(事实上并不懂)6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用
语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用语法虚拟语气与倒装句在英语中都是比较常见的语法现象，它们在句子结构和语法意义上都有一定的特点和用法。
本文将着重论述虚拟语气与倒装句的使用方法和相关注意事项。
一、虚拟语气的使用方法1. 条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气通常用于表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况。
常见的条件句有三种类型：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，以及与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。
a) 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：If I were you, I would apologize.（如果我是你，我会道歉。
）b) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我学习得更努力，我就能通过考试。
）c) 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.（如果明天下雨，我们会取消野餐。
）2. 虚拟语气在建议、要求和命令中的使用虚拟语气还可以用于表示建议、要求和命令等语气中，表示一种虚拟或非现实的情况。
常用的动词有recommend, suggest, insist等。
I suggest that he go to the doctor immediately.（我建议他立即去看医生。
）3. 虚拟语气在表达愿望和建议中的使用虚拟语气还可以用于表示愿望、希望和建议等语气中，通常使用“（should）+动词原形”来表达。
I wish I had more time to travel.（我希望有更多时间去旅行。
）二、倒装句的使用方法倒装句指的是将句子中的主语和谓语动词调换位置，主要有两种类型：完全倒装和部分倒装。
1. 完全倒装完全倒装是将整个谓语动词放在主语之前，通常在以下情况下使用：a) 表示地点、时间或方式的状语置于句首时：On the wall hung a beautiful painting.（墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。
高中英语高考语法知识整理复习(虚拟语气+倒装句)
高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+ had + done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她（事实：去晚了）。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：不可能来）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。
初三语法讲解情态动词倒装和虚拟语气的用法详解
初三语法讲解情态动词倒装和虚拟语气的用法详解情态动词和倒装结构情态动词是一类特殊的助动词，用于表示说话人的意愿、能力、推测等情态。
常见的情态动词包括can，could，may，might，shall，should，will，would，must等。
在某些情况下，情态动词与主语之间可以发生倒装，以强调主语、表示感叹或表示紧迫性。
1. 情态动词加入倒装情态动词的倒装结构通常由情态动词+主语构成，主谓倒装。
这种结构常用于以下几个情境：a) 表示强调和感叹例如：Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset. 我从未见过这样美丽的日落。
How brave he is! 他真勇敢！b) 表示建议或命令例如：May you have a pleasant journey! 祝你旅途愉快！Should you need any assistance, please contact us. 如需帮助，请联系我们。
c) 表示条件例如：Were he here, he would help us. 如果他在这里，他会帮助我们的。
2. 情态动词与not一起的倒装当情态动词与not连用时，可以将not置于句首，构成动词的倒装结构。
这种结构常用于祈使句或表示强调的句子中。
常见的结构有：a) Shall not例如：Shall you not tell her the truth? 你难道不应该告诉她实情吗？b) Will not例如：Will you not accompany me to the party? 你难道不会陪我去参加聚会吗？c) Can not例如：Can you not see the sign? 你难道没有看到标志吗？虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气是表示与事实相反、假设或愿望等非真实情况的一种语气。
在英语中，虚拟语气主要通过动词的形态和从句结构来表达。
1. 虚拟语气的形态a) 过去时当表示与现在或将来相反的非真实情况时，常用虚拟语气的过去时态。
英语虚拟语气和倒装句
【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：语法复习：虚拟语气和倒装句二. 知识总结与归纳：虚拟语气：是一种与事实（包括过去，现在或将来）完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望，怀疑，推测或后悔。
虚拟语气主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句。
虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：1. 动词过去式2. had done3. would/could/should/might do4. would/could/should/might have done5. were（一）虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假设，后悔或推测。
句型结构：If +主语+had been/done….，主语+should/could/might/would + have done….1. If the illness had been diagnosed a day earlier, it might have made all different.2. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped him.（二）虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were / 动词过去式，主语+should/could/might/would +do1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.3. 虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were to do, 主语+should/could/might/would +do If +主语+should doIf +主语+动词过去式（1）If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.（2）If the little girl should take piano lessons, she would have less free time.（3）If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。
倒装的作用及虚拟的用法
倒装的作用及虚拟的用法倒装句是英语语法中常见的一种句式结构，其特点是谓语动词在主语之前出现，或者在句首倒装。
倒装句常用于强调句子中的一些成分，使语气更加强烈，也可以用于修辞或情感的表达。
倒装句的运用可以使句子更加生动，具有一定的修辞效果。
倒装句的作用如下：1.强调句子中的一些成分：通过将谓语动词放在主语之前，可以突出句子中的其中一成分，使其更加突出。
例如：- "On the chair were my keys."（我的钥匙在椅子上。
）- "Not a word did he say."（他一句话也没说。
）2.改变语气及情感的表达：倒装句能够使句子语气更强烈、更有力，表达出说话人的情感、态度或命令。
例如：- "Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset."（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
）- "Only after he left did I realize how much I loved him."（他离开后，我才意识到我有多爱他。
）3.减少重复：倒装句可以减少句子中重复的部分，使句子更简洁、更流畅。
例如：- "In the garden stood a tall oak tree and a small maple tree."（花园里站着一棵高高的橡树和一棵小小的枫树。
）虚拟语气是英语中一种特殊的语法形式，用来表达假设、愿望、建议、要求等不真实的情况。
虚拟语气的用法如下：1.表达假设：虚拟语气经常用于表达与事实相反的假设情况。
例如：- "If I were you, I would apologize."（如果我是你，我会道歉。
）（事实上，我并不是你。
）- "I wish I had studied harder for the exam."（我希望我当初考试时学得更努力。
虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格
虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格一.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。
虚拟语气主要分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反以及与将来事实相反三个种类。
让我们一一来看下它们的结构和用法吧!1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
(事实：我不可能是你)If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
(事实：不知道)If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)If I had any money with me，I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
(事实：没有带钱)If he studied harder，he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。
(事实：没有努力)If I were you，I'd wear a shirt and tie.如果我是你，我就会穿衬衫和领带。
(事实：我并不是你)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneeg：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
虚拟语气与倒装句型
虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。
一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。
例如：Long live the People ⨯s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！be happy! 快乐！have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed! 成功！make progress! 进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1） 表示与现在事实相反如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。
If I had time,I would go there.如果我有空，我就去那儿。
2） 与过去事实相反例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn ⨯t/wouldn ⨯t have missed the bus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。
3） 与将来事实可能相反例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。
（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。
）If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
4） i f 的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if 省略，而把were,had 或should置于句首,来表达以if 引导的条件句的相同意思。
例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen May you 祝你you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。
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Subjunctive mood(1) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by makinga gesture of submission. (Line 5)(2) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (Line12)If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and freedom. (Line 23)(3) If the caged lion, for example, were free to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups. (Line 15)此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。
（1）第1句中“should a fight follow”是表示将来情况的虚拟语气，意思为“if a fight should follow”，句中省略了“if”，将“should”提前，构成倒装，表示“万一，一旦”的意思。
值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。
(2) 第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
这类句子，从句用“had +动词过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might + have + 动词过去分词”。
(3) 第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
从句用“did/were”，主句用“would/should/could/ might + 动词原型”。
虚拟语气专项复习：A．虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他例：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
（事实：没带钱）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。
（事实：学习不用功）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他例：If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.3、表示对将来情况的主观推测①if+主语+did/should/were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他② if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他例：If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作不是同时发生时，①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空，我们会已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。
如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…., but for….等But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。
②省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。
B. 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。
(事实：我根本比不上你)b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词）eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。
（事实：原来不知道）c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望还能有一次这样的机会。
（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）(注：if only和as if/as though也有相同用法）2、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中a.在for fear that, in case, lest引导的，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：（should）+ 动词原形。
She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should )come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼进入。
He started out earlier lest he (should )be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
b、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.3、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advise. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。