太原理工研究生英语 (下)翻译——考试范围
2012_太原理工大学 翻译硕士考研心得及真题回忆
2012山西省太原理工大学翻译硕士考研心得及真题回忆第一门政治100分，考了70分。
今年的题比较简单，所以这个成绩很一般，我报了一个海天考研辅导班，课没怎么上，就是把它发德尔内部资料里的序列一和几套题做了做，最后的一个政治28题挺不错的，考前五天多看看。
对于政治，我是从12月份初开始复习的，因为政治复习的太早会忘记，所以可以晚一些再看，还有就是不要死记硬背，把序列一来回看上3遍左右就看题，题要多看几遍，尤其是大题，这样考的时候用自己的话说出来比较好。
第二门翻译英语基础100分，只考了63分………去年的考题非常简单，我买来去年考试题看，一共就三道大题，第一题是选择题，出的都是专业四级英语考试选择真题，第二题是阅读理解，也就是个六级水平，第三题就是作文，出的是2009年专业八级真题作文，于是就按着这三道题复习了，没想到啊，今天工大的题这么难，奶奶的，一个破理工科的专业英语硕士，至于这样么，后来和一个考川大的女孩讨论考题，我发现，今年的川大基础英语的考题，比工大简单……….就说这么多先看考题啦第一题完形填空（10分）我拿到题就全身冒汗，因为我看不懂，不仅仅是文章，选择也看不懂，我觉得我就像个白痴，几年的英语，反正是白学了，当然，肯定和我的英语基础太次有关，于是，蒙了一通。
第二题阅读理解（45分）分为Section A选择（30分）和Section B翻译（15分）水平和四级差不多吧。
第三题改错（15分）这个题就和专业八级的改错差不多。
第四题作文（30分）今年的作文是2006年专业八级真题题目为Ambition。
最后成绩出来，不出所料，考的很烂，63啊，所以大家之前就要提前准备，各种题型都要做，这是前车之鉴那！！第三门翻译硕士英语150分，考了122分第一题词组互译SECTION A（15分）E TO CATM CPU GNPGRE MBA CCSSCIOPEC RSVP CATVHIV PS VIPCEOFOBSECTION B(15分)C TO E公共管理学硕士国际货币基金组织联合国教科文组织剩下的几个记不清了反正多背背缩略肯定有好处。
太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案
07-1 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive forpath-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.A. investmentB. resourceC. inspirationD. stimulus22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despitethe appalling workingconditions.A. bewilderingB. exasperatingC. dismayingD. upsetting23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting andphotography.A. all at onceB. by and byC. to some extentD. on the whole24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about theconsequences.A. optimisticB. anxiousC. uncertainD. scared25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.A. enhancedB. revisedC. alternatedD. modified26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.A. arisen fromB. contributed toC. patched upD. participated in27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurorsprevailed.A. resignedB. compromisedC. persistedD. dominated28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jeffersoncontended that the countryshould remain chiefly agricultural.A. inclinedB. struggledC. arguedD. competed29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.A. on occasionB. at presentC. by nowD. for sure30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifyingvictims' families.A. brieflyB. quicklyC. accuratelyD. earnestlySection B (0.5 point each)31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.poseB. imposeC. exposeD. pose33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.A. energeticB.vigorousC. rigorousD. grave34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.A. presentationB. instructionC. convictionD.obligation35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along witheach other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible36. As __________China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthenanti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn up38. Strangely enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out tobe a friend of my father’s.A. stood up toB. walked up toC. lived up toD. added up to39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humanscannot.A. assumeB. anticipateC. assureD. wonder40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grantapprovals.A. manipulateB. adjustC. regulateD. managePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorterco-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study."Height 41 career success," says Timothy Judge, a University of Floridaprofessor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with afew 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height issomething essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followedthousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work andpersonal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talkingabout literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall personenjoys," Judge said.Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such assales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Otherpeople may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving theman edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making "fight or run" decisions.41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for42.A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment44.A. on B. with C. over D. to45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. lossD. necessity46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D.initiative48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations50.A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAt the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his classnotes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmateturned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographedtest questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. Theuniversity put in place a new examination-supervision system. "If they'd spend as muchtime studying, they'd all be A students," says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College ofSciences of UNLV.With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. Andcollege officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fightwould-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams betaken with pens and paper."It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad," said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who justfinished his third year at PepperdineUniversity in California. He had to take his examson paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism(剽窃) inwriting papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people's writingsoff the Internet without attributing them.Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of themindset, not the tools at hand. "Some people put too much emphasis on where they'regoing to go in the future, and all they're thinking about is graduate school and the nextstep," said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure tosucceed "sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn'tdo."Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat,posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said thatthey rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teachstudents not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating ________________.A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail deviceB. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmatesC. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____________.A. should be severely punished for their dishonestyB. didn't have much time to study before the examC. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to______________.A. use many high-tech devicesB. cut off Internet access on campusC. turn to the oral exanimation formsD. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, ______________.A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheatingB. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinationsD. it was more difficult for him to lift other people's writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating?A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_____________.A. Cheating Has Gone High-techB. Game of Cat and MouseC. A New Examination-supervision SystemD. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage TwoTop marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs withhuge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms andlegs. So, does your physical shape--and the way your body works--fit you for aparticular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?"It's about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinicalphysiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the caseof identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other apowerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins."Someone who's 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketballplayer. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold."Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment,medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor ofsports science at Britain's Brunel University.Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sportsdevelopment department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique."In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, sotechnique is vital."Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeenyears ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program,which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One oftheir first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never pickedup an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensivetraining, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of geneticknowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but alsofor "performance genes."57. It can be concluded from the passage that__________.A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons' successB. training conditions are more important for sportspersons' successC. genes are more important for sportspersons' successD. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons' success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_________.A. environment can help determine people's body shapeB. genes are the decisive factors for people's body shapeC. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sportsD. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for asportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?A. The physical strength.B. The right training conditions.C. The talent for the sports.D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because____________.A. she had the talent for rowingB. her body shape was right for a rowerC. she had the performance genesD. she was a skillful rower61. The word "elite" in Paragraph 5 means ________ .A. the most wealthyB. the most skilledC. the most industriousD. the most intelligent62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess___________.A. the best body shapes and an iron purposeB. the extremes of the right physique and strong willsC. the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD. the right physique and genes for sportsPassage ThreeFor years, a network of citizens' groups and scientific bodies has been claiming thatscience of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxon's involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the world's most profitablecorporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any othercompany from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobilneeds to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change.But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that whichmaintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's itsstrategy?The website , using data found in the company's official documents,lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely withthose that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that thescience is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, andif governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering theglobal economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled"junk science". The findings they welcome are labeled "sound science".This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On thewhole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such asthe discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They willcontinue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, JohnChristy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figureswere incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by manyof these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of theclimate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. Bydominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years inwhich urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seedingdoubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justifiedthe money their sponsors have spent on them many times over. 63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish theirposition on climate change'?A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "bogus' (in Paragraph 4)?A. Reasonable.B. Fake.C. Limitless.D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_______________.A. how closely these organizations work with scientistsB. how these organizations select scientific findings for theirownpurposeC. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriesD. how one man's mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon ___________.A. have lived up to their promisesB. have almost caused worldwide chaosC. have failed to achieve their original goalD. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on____________.A. Exxon's involvement in scientific scandalsB. Exxon's contributions to the issue of climate changeC. Exxon's role in delaying solutions to global warmingD. Exxon's efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the author's tone in presenting the passage?A. Factual.B. Praiseful.C. Biased.D. Encouraging.Passage FourWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near death's door at theturn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21stcentury. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageingtreatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue thatliving longer is an attractive idea, therapid increase in the number of years begs aquestion: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. Inthe 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for everyincreased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. Whatwe would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medicalscience couldn't prevent.But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1990s with the publication of astudy by researchers at DukeUniversity, who had been following the health of 20,000people for almost a decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not onlydropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.Arian Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevityresearch, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and othergenetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give peopleseveral extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and itwill live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to bephysiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases."From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the rangeof 15-30% maximum," says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch inan animal's behaviour from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing aretemporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal's behaviourswitches back.Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a "little bit silly" at themoment but doesn't dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related toageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating yourgreens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep itgoing for longer with high quality maintenance. "It'll be like the difference between aRolls-Royce and a cheap car."69. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____________.A. is possible to live a longer healthyandlifeB. humans can live as long as scientists predictC. living longer is still considered a good ideaD. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for humans70. In the 1980s, the data on people's health expectancy_______________.A. gave an optimistic predictionB. showed an unclear futureC. led to a pessimistic perceptionD. turned out to be a mixed blessing71. In the lab experiment on rats,_____________.A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have workedB. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animalC. the animals' lifespan increases with the amount of food eatenD.different amounts of food cause a change in the animals' behavior72. Richardson believes that_________.A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageingB. it is worthless to talk about stopping ageingC. stopping ageing is a dream that may come trueD. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing73. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that_______________.A. quality life is out of reach for most peopleB. quality life can slow down the process of agingC. how long one can live depends on the genes one carriesD. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.74. The most suitable title for the passage is“___________”.A. Problems of An Ageing SocietyB. Health Care for the ElderlyC. Eating Healthier, Living LongerD.The Future of Old AgePassage FiveIn dealing with a student who is acting aggressively toward his classmates, you wantto send a strong message that aggressive behavior will not be tolerated in your classroom.In addition, you want to help him develop more appropriate ways of settling disputes withhis peers.If two elementary school students are engaged in a fight, use a strong loud voice tostop it. If that doesn't work, you might say something odd ("Look up! The ceiling isfalling!") to divert their attention. If they still don't stop and you can't separate them,send a student to the office to get help. If a crowd of children is gathering, insist that theymove away or sit down, perhaps clapping your hands to get their attention: After theincident is over, meet with the combatants together so they can give you their versions ofwhat happened and you can help them resolve any lingering problems. Also notify theparents.Speak in a firm, no-nonsense manner to stop a student's aggressive behavior: usephysical restraint as a last resort. When responding to the student, pay attention to yourverbal as well as non-verbal language. Even if he is yelling at you, stay calm. Allow himto express what he is upset about without interrupting him and then acknowledge hisfeelings. Avoid crossing your arms, pointing a finger or making threats: any of thoseactions could intensify his anger and stiffen his resistance.You might conclude that a student's aggressive behavior warrants separating himfrom the rest of the class, either to send him a strong message that what he did merits aserious consequence or to protect the other students. You can do that by giving him a timeout in class or by sending him to the office.Although he might expect you to react punitively, surprise him by reactingsupportively. Express your confidence that he can resolve problems without being hurtfulto his peers. Tell him that you think he must be upset about something to lose control ashe did and you want to understand what might be bothering him. If he does open up toyou, listen attentively without interrupting. Speaking m a calm voice, tell him that youunderstand why he was upset, but stress that he has to find a way to express his angerwith words rather than with his hands.You don't want to force an aggressive student to say he is sorry because that mightfuel his anger, however, you do want to strongly encourage him to make amends with thestudent he hit. If he is willing to do that, it will help soothe hurt feelings and avoid futureconflicts.75. What is the purpose of saying something odd when seeing students in a fight?A. To please the students.B. To surprise the students.C. To get the students' attention.D. To distract the students' attention.76. What is to be done about a student's aggressive behavior?A. Respond calmly but finny.B. Tell the student's parents immediately.C. Ask other students for help to stop the action.D. Have the student go to see the principal.77. What is NOT encouraged to do toward an aggressive student?A. Use physical restraint.B. Give the student a time out.C. Point at the student or make threats.D. Talk with the student privately.78. What does the word "'punitively" (in Paragraph 5) probably mean?A. Surprisingly.B. Depressingly.C. Involving persuasion.D. Involving punishment.79. What might be the last step to help all aggressive student?A. Encourage the student to be nice to the student he hit.B. Ask the student to promise he'll never do it again.C. Force the student to apologize for his behavior.D. Persuade the student to open up to you.80. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Problems in Classrooms.B. Dealing with Student Aggression.C. Aggressive Behavior in Classrooms.D. Settling a Student Fight.PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts differentsocieties and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects peopleto people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Somecultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacymakes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which,among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world inrelation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of themost devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizationswhich have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。
太原理工大学研究生英语考试翻译资料（汇编）
太原理工大学研究生英语考试翻译资料（汇编）第一篇：太原理工大学研究生英语考试翻译资料1.Alienation 疏离By alienation is meant a mode of experience in which the person experiences himself as an alien.He has become, one might say, estranged from himself.He does not experience himself as the center of his world, as the creator of his own acts — but his acts and their consequences have become his masters, whom he obeys, or whom he may even worship.The alienated person is out of touch with himself as he is out of touch with other person.He, like the others, is experienced as things are experienced;with the senses and with common sense, but at the same time without being related to oneself and to the world outside positively.Erich Fromm(1900 — 1980)： The Sane Society 疏离疏离，指的是人在体验自己时，把自己视为外人的一种体验模式。
有人说，这是自己疏远了自己。
这种人不觉得自己是个人世界的中心，不认为自己的行为是自己所做的，相反地，行为和行为的后果才是他的主宰，他必须服从甚至崇拜。
太原理工大学研究生英语考试第二学期翻译材料 2
1. 手机刷新了人与人的关系。
会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。
可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。
我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。
尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。
打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。
手机反映出我们的"社交饥渴症"。
最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。
他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。
Few things have changed human relations as much as the cell phone has. It so happens that we often see a notice on a door to a conference room, "Please keep your cell phone off when a meeting is in session." We still, however, always hear the beeps resounding throughout the chamber. The prevalence of using the cell phone today reflects our "thirst for socialization" and symbolizes a connection between us and the outside world. We are therefore reluctant to turn it off, although few of us are VIPs, or those who have many urgencies to take immediate care of. So we often notice such a picture: a pedestrian, all of sudden, stops, his eyes fixed on the phone screen, to edit his messages, oblivious of all other things. Whether being on the road center or beside a toilet does not seem to bother him.2. We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency - a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst - though not all - of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.However, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat: “They go on in strange paradox, decid ed only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.”So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun我们人类，正面临全球性的危机，我们的生存和文明受到威胁。
太原理工大学理工科研究生专业英语词汇篇
Unit 1outcome结果statistics统计statistical 统计的toss投die骰子dice 掷骰子intuitive直觉的analogously类似的conceptually概念的simultaneous同时的collection集合identical同一的，同样的individual个别的ensemble集，总和ensemble average集平均variable变量random variable随机变量stationary平稳的ergodic个态历经的ergodic process各态历经过程deterministic确定性的normalize使标准化的normalized规格化的，归一化的expectation期望值product乘积truncate截断，截短periodic周期的covariance协方差uncorrelated不相关的uniform均匀的overlap部分重叠separation间隔，距离spacing间隔，间距random process随机过程on the average 平均，一般来说make measurement 量度sample function 样本函数statistical average 统计平均值probability density function概率密度函数statistical characteristic统计特征autocorrelation function 自相关函数in connection with 与，，有关physical significance物理意义Fourier transform傅里叶变换power spectral density 功率谱密度be at liberty to被允许gaussian process高斯过程physical fact外界存在的事实upper-frequency频率上限fall off下降in the limit在极限情况下delta function狄拉克函数random pulse随机脉冲time invariant时不变的parseval's theorem巴塞瓦尔定理statistically independent统计独立successive pulse连续脉冲be representative of表示，代表词组sample function样本函数ensemble average集合平均physical significance物理意义a fourier transform pair傅里叶变换对deterministic waveform 确定波形in the limit 在极限情况下time invariant时不变的an upper-frequency limit频率上限parseval，s theorem帕斯瓦尔定理random pulses随机脉冲随机过程random process统计平均statistical average随机变量random variable自相关函数autocorrelation function傅里叶变换fourier transform功率谱密度power spectral density概率密度函数probability density function 高斯过程gaussian process平稳过程stationary process统计独立statistically时间平均值time average统计特征statistical character各态历经过程ergodic processUnit 2abstraction抽象encompass包括devise设计whereby凭那个，由此arbitarily任意地theorem定理infrequent 罕见的override压倒thereby由此gaussian高斯的unity单一complementary补充的derivation推导formidable困难的undertake进行，从事presumed假定的presumably推测起来likelihood可能likely可能interval间隔rounding舍入，四舍五入abrupt，急剧的，不连续reliably可靠的，安全的heuristic启发式的intuitive直觉的intuitively直觉的contemplate预期的vice versa反之亦然quantize量化reception接受extreme极端的，偏激的attenuate衰减distort失真distortion失真equalizer均衡器recoverable可恢复的enter into参加，涉及due to 由于be something of 有一点in principle 原则上provided that假如on principle按照原则probability of error 误码率be close to接近bandlimited gaussian channel限带高斯信道physical system物理系统turn out结果lower bound下界upper limit 上限root-mean-square均方根root-mean-square error 均方误差amount of information 信息量ideal lowpass filter理想低通滤波器rise time上升时间as a matter of convenience为方便起见white gaussian noise 高斯白噪声on the other hand 另一面trade off交替换位tradeoff折中signal-to-noise ratio信号噪声比be free to 随意make up for 补偿词组physical system物理系统rise time 上升时间amount of information信息量in principle原则上gaussian channel高斯信道probability density概率密度root-mean-square均方根trade off折中lower bound下界equalizer均衡器vice versa反之亦然upper limit上限通信理论communication theory香农定理Shannon，s theorem信道带宽channel bandwidth信号波形signal waveform理想低通滤波器ideal lowpass filter自相关函数autocorrelation function无噪音高斯信道noiseless gaussian channel 通信信道communication channel信息速率information rate信噪比signal-to-noise ratio信道容量channel capacity双边功率谱密度two-side power误码率probability of error那奎斯特采样速率nyquist sampling rate限带高斯信道bandlimited gaussian channel 高斯白噪声White gaussian noiseUnit 3analog模拟quantization量化volt伏特discrete离散的quantum量unipolar单级的polar极性的on-off开关的encoding编码encoder编码器decoder解码器likewise同样的amplitude振幅margin余量trinary三倍的immune免疫的hereafter今后unavailable不能避免的reconstructed重建的evaluation计算span横跨interval间隔compandor压扩器companding压扩uniformly均匀的compress压缩compressor压缩器compressor ratio压缩比quantizer均匀量化器uniform quantizer均匀量化器equivalent相等的serially连续的reshape改造distortion失真interconnect使相互连接filter滤波transition转换，转变PCM: pulse code modulation脉冲编吗调制PAM: pulse amplitude modulation脉冲振幅调制PPM: pulse phase modulation 脉宽调制pulse train脉冲序列amount to等于round off舍入step size步长quantum step size 量化步长positive pulse 正脉冲refer to as称为quantization error 量化步长peak magnitude峰值overall performance总性能crest factor振幅因数root-mean-square均方根Differential Pulse Code Modulation 差分脉冲编码调制adaptive DPCM 自适应DPCMpredictive coding预测编码correspond to相应，符合in practice 实际中in an attempt to 力图词组overall performance总性能crest factor振幅因数nonlinear operation 非线性炒作inverse operation 逆运算RMS均方根PAM脉福调制maximum magnitude最大幅值error intervals误差间隔entropy墒round off四舍五入quantum level量化水平DPCM差分脉码调制正脉冲positive pulse脉冲编码调制PCM量化步长quantum step size 峰值peak magnitude线性函数linear function脉冲序列pulse train均匀量化器uniform quantizer 预测编码predictive coding 压扩器compandor压缩比compression ratio Unit 4selectively仔细挑选formula公式formulas公式化sacrifice牺牲redundant冗余的demonstrate证明orthogonal正交的arbitrarily任意地raw未加工的raw data 原始数据denote 指示Retransmission转发sophisticated复杂的impractical不切实际的parity奇偶校验encoder编码器codeword码字modulo以。
2020年太原理工大学翻译硕士考研参考书及报录比
2020年太原理工大学翻译硕士考研参考书及报录比参考书：1.《高级英语》（第一二册），张汉熙，武汉大学出版社，20142.《非文学翻译理论与实践》，李长栓，外语教学与研究出版社，20123.《中国文学史》，袁行霈，西南交通大学出版社，20134.《中国文化读本》，叶朗，外语教学与研究出版社，20165.《汉语写作与百科知识》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，20196.《翻译硕士MTI常考词汇》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2020报录比：1：6口笔译。
笔译方向：英汉笔译，英语工程翻译，英语经贸翻译。
不招单考生。
育明教育咨询师认为，太原理工大学翻译硕士难度中等，百科侧重中国历史和文化部分的考察，大家可以根据育明教育课程学习。
答题技巧：名词解释（1）名词解释一般答100字左右，在A4纸上约3行，每行30-40字。
（2）名词解释三段论答题法:定义——〉背景、特征、概念类比——〉总结/评价。
第一，回答出名词本身的含义。
一般都可以在书本找到。
第二，从名词的提出的背景、它的特征、相似概念比较等方面进行简述。
第三，总结，可以做一下简短的个人评价。
（3）温馨提示:第一，名词解释一般位于试卷的第一部分，很多考上刚上考场非常的兴奋，一兴奋就容易下笔如流水，一不小心就把名词解释当成了简答题。
结果后面的题目答题时间非常紧张。
第二，育明考研咨询师提醒大家，在回答名词解释的时候以150-200字为佳。
按照每个人写字的速度，一般需要5分钟左右。
问题解答：CATTI的“名”与“实”。
“名实之辩”是中国文化非常看重的一块。
王安石在《答司马谏议书》中直言不讳地说：盖儒者所争，犹在于名实，名实已明，而天下之理得矣。
意思是说只有搞清楚“名”“实”的关系才可能得出真正的道理。
不少从事翻译工作较长时间的人在谈到CATTI时总免不了这样的抱怨：这考试就是“坑爹”，翻译新人，甚至不懂翻译的人，把那几本书（CATTI的官方指定教材）背一背就能过，我们这些做了很多年翻译的人愣是过不了。
2021太原理工大学翻译硕士考研参考书真题经验
太原理工大学——翻译硕士复习了整整一年，回想这一年的点点滴滴，真是万千感触。
不管结果是喜是悲，我终于熬到考试结束了。
考完试第一天。
睡到自然醒，想到今天可以不用看书，心情真是美翻了。
过去这一年也看过很多师兄师姐的经验贴，回忆贴，觉得挺受用，所以也尽自己微薄之力写点回忆贴，希望对接下来要考MTI的师弟师妹有一点点帮助。
个人情况：普通一本学校，英语专业，专四，六级分数还可以，女生。
很早就有考研的想法，但是不想一开始就每天浸在自习室，所以大一大二都是玩过来的。
去年师兄师姐考完试我就去考研自习室占位了。
不过也没有怎么学习。
备考：真正开始规规矩矩的复习是大三下学期。
开学第一天，六点多去考研自习室占位。
雄纠纠气昂昂地走进自习室，以为我算是最早的，结果已经快被占满了。
赶紧找个看起来还算靠边的位置，把一堆书放下，就这样开始了我的考研生涯。
先来介绍一下太原理工大学翻硕的考试范围：(101)思想政治理论(211)翻译硕士英语(357)英语翻译基础(448)汉语写作与百科知识首先说说政治。
本人的政治复习比较简单。
没有报什么班，就是自己看网上20块钱买的4本盗版的红宝书，纸张不怎么好，将就看。
主要就是看大纲解析，《政治新时器》和1600道题目。
可惜的是1600道那本书我一半都没看。
我连真题和模拟题都没买。
时政也没看。
不过本人高中文科出身。
有点底子。
我学政治的方法就是高中的那套,读出来！！经常早上跑到教学楼的顶楼去读政治,效果很好的。
千万别报什么辅导班,只要你能把大纲解析给看透了,闭着眼睛都能想出什么内容,那么你就不用担心了,所谓的辅导班就是把简单问题复杂化。
明明很容易理解,他非得给你延伸点东西,那完全是没必要的。
一开始是2个星期背一遍书，全书背了4遍，到最后就是4天就把书看一遍，最后政治考了75 ，还可以，就是时政最后两题多选全错了，高估自己对新闻的理解了。
总之呢，就是看透，多背。
好处很多的。
我考政治的时候时间都不够用的，大题目写的太多了。
太原理工大学研究生考试参考书目
2018 年硕士研究生招生自命题考试科目参照书科目参照书科目名称代码《高级英语》（1、 2）张汉熙主编，外语教课与研究第一版社211翻译硕士英语 .《新编简洁英语语言学教程》，戴炜栋、何兆熊主编，上国外教社213 翻译硕士日语 . 新编日语 1-4 册，上国外语教育第一版社，2008；日语综合教程5、6 册，上国外语教育第一版社，2008240 法语 . 《新世纪大学法语》（1、 2、 3 册）外研社，李志清主编241 德语.《新编大学德语》（1 2 3册）外研社，朱建华主编、、242 日语 . 《中日沟通标准日本语》（新版）（初级上、下册，中级上册）人民教育第一版社243 俄语.《俄语》（1 2 3册）外研社，黑龙江大学主编、、244 英语 . 不指定参照书，咨询学院337 工业设计概论（二）《工业设计概论》（第二版）机械工业第一版社，作者：程能林1.《学校体育学》（第二版）潘绍伟于可红主编，高等教育第一版社，2008年 6月346 体育综合2.《运训练学》田麦久主编，高等教育第一版社，2006年7月《适用翻译教程》增订本，冯庆华主编，上国外教社；357英语翻译基础《英汉翻译简洁教程》庄绎传编著，外语教课与研究第一版社359 日语翻译基础汉日翻译教程（重排版），苏琦，商务印书馆2008；日汉翻译教程，陶振孝，高等教育第一版社2007 448 汉语写作与百科知识中国文化读本，叶朗，外研社2008501 建筑设计建筑设计、城市设计、城市景观设计、室内设计类参照书502 历史建筑还原设计历史建筑设计类参照书；城市设计、建筑设计、室内设计类参照书505 艺术专业基础快题设计，各方向依据各自特色分别命题查核本方向的创作及艺术设计能力，要求考生自备颜料、制图尺等画具，考试时间为 5 小时506 设计基础各方向依据各自特色分别命题查核本方向的专业设计能力，要求考生自备颜料、制图尺等画具，考试时间为 5 小时1.《教育学》（第六版）王道俊，郭文安主编，人民教育第一版社（2009-05 第一版）610 专业综合基础2. 《运动生理学》（第二版）邓树勋，王健，乔德才主编，高等教育第一版社（2009-06 第一版）1. 《马克思主义基来源理概论》高等教育第一版社2013 版701 马克思主义基来源理2.《简洁马克思主义史》人民第一版社，庄福龄主编，2004 年1.《高级英语》（1、 2）张汉熙主编，外语教课与研究第一版社702英语综合2.《新编语言学教程》刘润清、文旭主编，北京外研社1. 田自秉：《中国工艺美术史》，北京，2012 年 08 年 01 日，东方第一版社2. 张夫也：《外国工艺美术史》，2003 年 09 月 01 日，中央编译第一版社703设计史论3.王受之：《世界现代设计史》（第 2 版）， 2015 年 12 月 01 日，中国青年第一版社4.李砚祖：《艺术设计概论》，2013 年 04 月，湖北长江第一版社、湖北美术第一版社704 数学剖析《数学剖析》华东师大数学系编，高等教育第一版社（第三版）705 物理化学 A 《物理化学》傅献彩主编，高等教育第一版社706 建筑理论综合含中外建筑史、建筑知识综合708 一般物理《大学物理》第三版（上、下），王纪龙编，科学第一版社709 工业设计概论（一）《工业设计概论》（第二版）机械工业第一版社，作者：程能林美术领域：1.中央美术学院人文美术系外国史教研室：《外国美术简史》，北京，2014 年 10 月 01 日，中国青年第一版社；710 艺术史论2.中央美术学院美术史系，中国美术史教研室：《中国美术简史》，北京，2010 年 06 月 01 日，中国青年第一版社；3.彭吉象：《艺术学概论》（第 4 版），北京， 2015 年 05 月 01 日，北京大学第一版社；4.叶朗：《美学原理》，北京，2016 年 1 月，北京大学第一版社。
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研究生英语综合教程(下)系列教材翻译参考译文全章节Unit 1 A愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义。
幸福隐藏的另一面——凯思琳•麦克高恩1.飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的折磨最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们一再重复的话可能都会是:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2.我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无休止的灾难报道中:，人似乎具有一种与生俱来的在最困难的境况中奋发向上的能力。
对那些令人极度苦恼的经历做出积极地回应，并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。
实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人的生活在这之后，都有一定程度的改善。
3.诸如此类有关危机改变一生的有着可观研究前景的发现，正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达.4那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证。
为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。
我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气:一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。
5这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面，—种有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。
那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质—是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。
事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人——他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义——或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历(哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻)最有发言权。
6这种对美好生活的更为广泛的定义把深深的满足感和一种通过移情与他人建立的深切联系融合在一起。
它主要受愉悦情感的支配，但同时也夹杂着缅怀和悔恨。
密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校的心理学家劳拉•金认为:“幸福仅仅是许许多多人生价值中的一种。
”慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力—有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。
只过安宁的、无忧无虑的生活是不足以体验一段完整的人生的。
我们也需要成长-尽管有时成长是痛苦的。
7在纽约市皇后区一间漆黑的房间里，31岁的时装设计师特蕾西•塞尔感到自己奄奄一息。
就在几个月前，她已经停止服用控制她关节炎的强效免疫抑制药。
她从没预见到接下来将要发生的事:停药之后的反应最终使她全身剧烈疼痛，神经系统出现严重问题。
最轻微的动作—比如说试着吞咽—对她来说也痛苦不堪。
甚至将脸压在枕头上也几乎难以忍受。
8塞尔并不是懦弱的人——她在两岁时就被诊断得了幼年型类风湿性关节炎，一生都在忍受着病症和治疗(药物、手术)的折磨。
但是这一次，她实在不堪忍受了，她的医生所做的一切似乎都不起作用。
要么让疾病结束她的生命，要么她就得很快了结自己的生命了。
9然而，在经历了若干个不眠之夜后，她想自杀的念头开始被新的感激之情所打断。
虽然她仍然感到痛苦，但一种新的意识每一夜都变得更加强烈:一种令人惊叹的解脱感，结合着一种包容一切的同情和怜悯的情感。
“我感到一切我曾经用来认同自己身份的东西都被剥夺了，”六个月后她这样说道。
“一切我认为我知道或相信的事物—时间、金钱、自我形象、对事物的看法—都毫无价值了。
意识到这一点真是让我感到解脱。
”10在几个月内，得益于类固醇加其他药物的鸡尾酒疗法，她开始能够更加自如地活动了。
她说，毫无疑问她现在的生活状况有了好转。
“我感觉我窥探到了生命的秘密以及我们生存的意义，那就是快乐地生活，同时扶持他人。
就这么简单!”11她这种不可思议的经历完全是个惊喜。
但是北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校心理学教授里奇•特德斯基认为，这种转变的感觉从某些方面看却是很典型的。
里奇•特德斯基教授首创了“创伤后成长”一词。
他对那些经历了诸如搏斗、暴力犯罪、突患重病等极端事件的人群进行了研究，这些研究表明，在刚经历不幸后大多数人随即都会感到茫然和焦虑。
他们一心想的就是，自己的生活完全被毁了。
有少部分人事后很久了还不断被记忆问题、失眠以及类似的创伤后应激障碍所折磨。
但特德斯基和其他学者发现，对很多人(可能甚至是绝大多数人)来说，生活最终会变得更加丰富和更加令人满足。
12许多经历过恐怖人身威胁的人会遇到类似的情况。
在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破（无懈可击的感觉被刺穿），平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。
我们的日常生活轨迹(我们的习惯、自我认知和主观意念)全部被抛到九霄云外，只剩下对世界的原始体验。
13尽管如此，要实际实现这些转变并完全接受新的现实，通常需要有意识地付出努力。
是否愿意并有能力承担这个过程，就是那些在灾难中成长和那些被灾难所摧毁的人之间主要的区别之一。
认为灾难有价值的人并不是最坚强或最理性的人。
使他们与众不同的是他们能够将所遭遇的事融入他们自己的人生历程中。
14最终，他们可能会发现自己以从未想到过的方式获得了解脱。
幸存者往往说他们变得更加宽容，也更能原谅别人，。
他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊，而朋友和家庭带来的快乐变得极为重要，他们还说危机使他们能够按照这些新的优先之事来重新认识生活。
15从灾难中成长起来的人尽管经历过恐怖的事情，但他们的恐惧感往往大为减少。
他们对自己的力量感到吃惊，相信不管今后生活中将要遭遇什么，他们都能应付。
特德斯基说:“人们不会说他们所经历的是美好的。
他们并不是特意要通过这样的经历来成长。
他们只是尽其所能生存下来。
但回顾起来，他们的收获远远大于他们所预料的。
”16埃默里大学精神病学家格列高利•伯思斯在他的近作《满足》中指出，极限耐力运动员每次训练都要使自己的身体连续数天处于极限状态。
他们和经历创伤的幸存者所经历的感觉过程一样:自我失落，困惑，最后获得一种新的驾驭感。
对于经常跑超过24小时的l00英里比赛的超级马拉松运动员来说，呕吐和产生幻觉是常事。
在一昼夜不停歇不睡觉地跑步之后，竞赛者有时会忘了自己是谁，忘了自己在干什么。
17更普遍的在逆境中成长的例子要数生命中最大的挑战之一：为人父母。
生育孩子一直被认为会降低幸福程度。
为了照顾婴儿而睡眠不足并且必须将自己的消遣撇到一边，意味着有了新生儿的人更有可能感到抑郁并且面临婚姻的危机。
然而，长远看来，养育孩子是所有人类活动中最有意义、最值得去做的一件事情。
短时间内牺牲了幸福，却有了更多的收获，比如满足感、无私以及有机会留下一笔意义深远的遗产。
18总之，情感上的回报可以弥补灾难带来的痛苦和艰难。
这种精神收获并不能抵消所发生的苦难，但是它可以把这些苦难全部放在另一个不同的背景中来看待：那就是即使我们面临约束和挣扎，我们仍然可以生存得极有价值。
金指出，我们所有的人都必须以这样或那样的形式经历这种觉悟。
“你将不再是自己心目中曾经的你，取而代之的是一个新的你—而事实会证明生活从此将非常美好。
”Unit 1 B优秀的头脑是灵活的---埃德加•戴尔1.多年来，我们一直在讨论日新月异的社会中的教育问题，却没有采取切实行动来教育人们如何应对变化。
或许面对变化，我们的最佳保障是拥有优秀的头脑。
要培养优秀的头脑，学生需要掌握学习方法，培养学习兴趣。
未来的世界所需要的人才应该具备很强的适应能力，而且他们灵活而机敏，当其所从事的工作技术上落伍时，他们依然能够于逆境之中站稳脚跟，而且他们有能力应对突发的意外。
2.要培养灵活的头脑，我们需要区别什么是训练，什么是教育。
训练就是加强固定的反应，重视即时目标，而忽略长远发展。
教育则旨在促进无限的成长，鼓励终生的学习，培养优秀的头脑。
3.这里刚好可以用上马克•吐温讲的猫的故事。
他说跳到热火炉上的猫再也不会往热火炉上跳。
他还补充说，这猫甚至再也不会往冷的炉子上跳。
猫可以接受训练，不过，与爱猫人士的说法相反，猫是无法被教育的。
4.懂得应对变化的人看待世界的视角新颖、富有独创性。
这样的人不会受到眼前利益、传统惯例、固定习惯等的束缚，他无需依赖外人为他设定路线，指明途径。
这样的人懂得绘制自己的行程。
5.为了培养具备优秀头脑和良好适应力的人，我们应该提倡那些能够适用于不同人生境遇、具有高“转移价值”的学习经验。
我们必须学习如何传授技巧、态度和理念，使它们不仅可以满足目前的需要，还具有普适性，能够满足未来的需要。
6.适应性教育无疑应该包含艺术教育。
如果我们接受杜威的定义，认为艺术是“对平常事物的强化”，那么老师的职责应该是帮助学习者化平常为新颖。
安条克学院的梅尔•斯特朗将这种学习的方法描述为“提升个人的感性意识，增强对形式的领悟力。
接受这种教育的人会于其所见之外有更多发现，更多感悟。
”7 安•莫罗•林德伯格在她的著作《黄金之时，领路之时，1929-1932年日记与信札》中说，“一次经历只有在写下来或对别人述说后才能算结束。
”她还说，“深藏在心中或日记里的真理是缺乏想象力的。
”真理必须重返生活，“领路之时”才可能被转变或转化成黄金之时。
优秀的头脑是善于分享的头脑。
8无可否认，适应性教育的要素之一是欣然接受变化的态度。
这种态度不易培养。
它需要人们对自我以及未来充满信心。
缺乏安全感的人害怕变动。
他们倒退着走向未来，焦虑而防卫性地牢牢抓紧过去。
9通常，这些人会认为自己微不足道。
他们不接受自己，所以也不接受他人。
他们展望未来时，要么态度消极，要么怀着幼稚的情感。
他们无法洞察自身的欠缺感和自卑感，将自己的世界压缩到了便于掌控的狭小范围。
他们或许希望能够为人更加灵活，思想更加开放，但是他们觉得自己力所不能及。
10学校和大学应该做些什么来培养积极的心态，使之能公正客观地评判新观点?显然他们可以而且必须培养学生的自信心，用连续的成功而不是反复的失败来激励学生。
他们可以营造一个友好地、鼓励变化的集体氛围。
学校和大学可以帮助学生学会欣赏卓越，了解改造世界的英雄人物。
他们可以为学生提供长期的指导，教育他们成为真正的人，成为一个相信未来、拥有优秀头脑的人。
11要迎接未来社会的巨大变革，继续教育是先决条件。
爱默生是这样说的:“学校传授的知识不能算是教育，而是一种教育的方法。
”塞内加则指出，“只要你有不知道的，你就应该不断地学习。
”12灵活变通的人知道今天的事实或许是明天的谬误。
他会赞同阿尔弗雷德•诺思•怀特海德的话，“知识和鱼一样无法保持新鲜。
”他会接受怀特海德的警告，反对“一味地毫无目的地积累精确的知识，却从不加以利用。