【Selected】研究生英语读写译教程-Marriage原文翻译及课后答案.doc
研究生综合英语book2 unit4 Love and Marriage
教书决非易事。
10
Nevertheless, it seems that the desire for marriage remains strong and constant. The new circumstances have significantly increased the autonomy of individuals and in particular that of women. 译文： 尽管如此，对婚姻的渴望似乎仍然很强烈以及 在持续。新的情况显著增加了个人自主权，特 别是妇女们的自主权。
她没有遵守协议的条款。
2. 忠于；信守(诺言、原则等) : eg:If you make a promise, abide by it. 你如果做出诺言，就要履行诺言。 3. 承担(后果等)；忍受(不愉快的事等)： eg:You’ll have to abide by the consequences. 你必须承担后果。
1.We want to remove all obstacles to travel between the two countries.
译文：我们想要消除在这两个国家之间旅行的所有障碍。 2.There are formidable obstacles on the road to peace. 译文：通往和平的道路上存在难以逾越的障碍。
Para. 6, Line 2
single households single mother
单亲家庭 单亲妈妈
by no means: definitely not
Example: 1.He is by no means a lazy employee . 他绝对不是一名懒散的雇员。 2.Teaching is by no means a breeze.
Unit 13 Marriage课文翻译综合教程四
Unit 13MarriageRobert Lynd1 “Conventional people,” says Mr. Bertrand Russell, “like to pretend thatdifficulties in regard to marriage are a new thing.” I could not help wondering, as I read this sentence, where one can meet these conventional people who think, or pretend to think, as conventional people do. I have known hundreds of conventional people, and I cannot remember one of them who thought the things conventional people seem to think. They were all, for example, convinced that marriage was a state beset with difficulties, and that these difficulties were as old, if not as the hills, at least as the day on which Adam lost a rib and gained a wife. A younger generation of conventional people has grown up in recent years, and it may be that they have a rosier conception of marriage than their ancestors; but the conventional people of the Victorian era were under no illusions on the subject. Their cynical attitude to marriage may be gathered from the enthusiastic reception they gave to Punch’s a dvice to those about to marry －“Don’t.”2 I doubt, indeed, whether the horrors of marriage were ever depicted morecruelly than during the conventional nineteenth century. The comic papers and music-halls made the miseries a standing dish. “You can always tell whethera man’s married or single from the way he’s dressed,” said the comedian.“Look at the single man: no buttons on his shirt. Look at the married man: no shirt.” The humour was crude; but it went home to the honest Victorian heart.If marriage were to be judged by the songs conventional people used to sing about it in the music-halls, it would seem a hell mainly populated by twins and leech-like mothers-in-law. The rare experiences of Darby and Joan were, it is true, occasionally hymned, reducing strong men smelling strongly of alcohol to reverent silence; but, on the whole, the audience felt more normal when a comedian came out with an anti-marital refrain such as:O why did I leave my little back roomIn Bloomsbury,Where I could live on a pound a weekIn luxury(I forget the next line).But since I have married Maria,I’ve jumped out of the frying-panInto the blooming fire.3 No difficulties Why, the very nigger-minstrels of my boyhood used to opentheir performance with a chorus which began:Married! Married! O pity those who’re married.Those who go and take a wife must be very green.4 It is possible that the comedians exaggerated, and that Victorian wives werenot all viragos with pokers, who beat their tipsy husbands for staying out too late. But at least they and their audiences refrained from painting marriage as an inevitable Paradise. Even the clergy would go no farther than to say that marriages were made in Heaven. That they did not believe that marriage necessarily ended there is shown by the fact that one of them wrote a “best-seller” bearing the title How to Be Happy Though Married.5 I doubt, indeed, whether common opinion in any age has ever looked onmarriage as an untroubled Paradise. I consulted a dictionary of quotations on the subject and discovered that few of the opinions quoted were rose-coloured.These opinions, it may be objected, are the opinions of unconventional people, but it is also true that they are opinions treasured and kept alive by conventional people. We have the reputed saying of the henpecked Socrates, for example, when asked whether it was better to marry or not: “Whichever you do, you will repent.” We have Montaigne writing: “It happens as one sees in cages.The birds outside despair of ever getting in; those inside are equally desirous of getting out.” Bacon is no more prenuptial with his caustic quotation: “He was reputed one of the wise men that made answer to the question when a man should marry: ‘A young man not yet; an elder man not at all.’” Burton is far from encouraging! “One was never married, and that’s his hell; another is, and that’s his plague.” Pepys scribbled in his diary: “Strange to say what delight we married people have to see these poor folk decoyed into our condition.”6 The pious Jeremy Taylor was as keenly aware that marriage is not all bliss.“Marriage,” he declared, “hath in it less of beauty and more of safety than the single life － it hath more care but less danger; it is more merry and more sad; it is fuller of sorrows and fuller of joys.” The sentimental and optimistic Steele can do no better than: “The marriage state, with and withoutthe affection suitable to it, is the completest image of Heaven and Hell we are capable of receiving in this life.”7 Rousseau denied that a perfect marriage had ever been known. “I have oftenthought,” he wrote, “that if only one could prolong the joy of love in marriage we should have paradise on earth. That is a thing which has never been hitherto.” Dr. Johnson is not quoted in the dictionary; but everyone will remember how, devoted husband though he was, he denied that the state of marriage was natural to man. “Sir,” he declared, “it is so far from being natural for a man and woman to live in a state of marriage that we find all the motives which they have for remaining in that connexion and the restraints which civilised society imposes to prevent separation are hardly sufficient to keep them together.＂8 When one reads the things that have been said about marriage from onegeneration to another, one cannot but be amazed at the courage with which the young go on marrying. Almost everybody, conventional and unconventional, seems to have painted the troubles of marriage in the darkest colours. So pessimistic were the conventional novelists of the nineteenth century about marriage that they seldom dared to prolong their stories beyond the wedding bells. Married people in plays and novels are seldom enviable, and, as time goes on, they seem to get more and more miserable. Even conventional people nowadays enjoy the story of a thoroughly unhappy marriage. It is only fair to say, however, that in modern times we like to imagine that nearly everybody, single as well as married, is unhappy. As social reformers we are all for happiness, but as thinkers and aesthetes we are on the side of misery.9 The truth is that we are a difficulty-conscious generation. Whether or notwe make life even more difficult than it would otherwise be by constantly talking about our difficulties I do not know. I sometimes suspect that half our difficulties are imaginary and that if we kept quiet about them they would disappear. Is it quite certain that the ostrich by burying his head in the sand never escapes his pursuers I look forward to the day when a great naturalist will discover that it is to this practice that the ostrich owes his survival.婚姻罗伯特·林德1 伯特兰·罗素先生说：“凡人百姓喜欢假装说婚姻中遇到的困难是新鲜事。
marriage课文翻译
marriage课文翻译marriage课文翻译marriage，意为婚姻，结婚，各位同学，下面是marriage课文翻译，请看：marriage课文翻译marriage课文1 “Conventional people,” says Mr. Bertrand Russell, “like to pretend thatdifficulties in regard to marriage are a new thing.” I could not help wondering, as I read this sentence, where one can meet these conventional people who think, or pretend to think, as conventional people do. I have known hundreds of conventional people, and I cannot remember one of them who thought the things conventional people seem to think. They were all, for example, convinced that marriage was a state beset with difficulties, and that these difficulties were as old, if not as the hills, at least as the day on which Adam lost a rib and gained a wife. A younger generation of conventional people has grown up in recent years, and it may be that they have a rosier conception of marriage than their ancestors; but the conventional people of the Victorian era were under no illusions on the subject. Their cynical attitude to marriage may be gathered from the enthusiastic reception they gave to Punch?s advice to those about to marry －“Don?t.”2 I doubt, indeed, whether the horrors of marriage were ever depicted morecruelly than during the conventional nineteenth century. The comic papers and music-halls made the miseries a standing dish. “You can always tell whether a man?s married or single from theway he?s dressed,” said the comedian. “Look at the single man: no buttons on his shirt. Look at the married man: no shirt.” The humour was crude; but it went home to the honest Victorian heart. If marriage were to be judged by the songs conventional people used to sing about it in the music-halls, it would seem a hell mainly populated by twins and leech-like mothers-in-law. The rare experiences of Darby and Joan were, it is true, occasionally hymned, reducing strong men smelling strongly of alcohol to reverent silence; but, on the whole, the audience felt more normal when a comedian came out with an anti-marital refrain such as:O why did I leave my little back room In Bloomsbury,Where I could live on a pound a week In luxury(I forget the next line). But since I have married Maria,I?ve jumped out of the frying-pan Into the blooming fire.3 No difficulties? Why, the very nigger-minstrels of my boyhood used to opentheir performance with a chorus which began:Married! Married! O pity those who?re married. Those who go and take a wife must be very green.4 It is possible that the comedians exaggerated, and that Victorian wives were notall viragos with pokers, who beat their tipsy husbands for staying out too late. But at least they and their audiences refrained from painting marriage as an inevitable Paradise. Even the clergy would go no farther than to say that marriages were made in Heaven. That they did not believe that marriage necessarily ended there is shown by the fact that one of them wrote a “best-seller” bearing the title How to Be Happy Though Married.5 I doubt, indeed, whether common opinion in any age has ever looked onmarriage as an untroubled Paradise. I consulted a dictionary of quotations on the subject and discovered that few of the opinions quoted were rose-coloured. These opinions, it may be objected, are the opinions of unconventional people, but it is also true that they are opinions treasured and kept alive by conventional people. We have the reputed saying of the henpecked Socrates, for example, when asked whether it was better to marry or not: “Whichever you do, you will repent.” We have Montaigne writing: “It happens as one sees in cages. The birds outside despair of ever getting in; those inside are equally desirous of getting out.” Bacon is no more prenuptial with his caustic quotation: “He was reputed one of the wise men that made answer to the question when a man should marry: ?A young man not yet; an elder man not at all.?” Burton is far from encouraging! “One was never married, and that?s his hell; another is, and that?s his plague.” Pepys scribbled in his diary: “Strange to say what delight we married people have to see these poor folk decoyed into our condition.”6 The pious Jeremy Taylor was as keenly aware that marriage is not all bliss.“Marriage,” he declared, “hath in it less of beauty and more of safety than the single life － it hath more care but less danger; it is more merry and more sad; it is fuller of sorrows and fuller of joys.” The sentimental and optimistic Steele can do no better than: “The marriage state, with and without the affection suitable to it, is the completest image of Heaven and Hell we are capable of receiving in this life.” 7 Rousseau denied that a perfect marriage had ever been known. “I have oftenthought,” he wrote, “that if only one could prolong the joy of love in marriage we should have paradise on earth. That is a thing which has never been hitherto.” Dr. Johnson is not quoted in the dictionary; but everyone will remember how, devoted husband though he was, he denied that the state of marriage was natural to man. “Sir,” he declared, “it is so far from being natural for a man and woman to live in a state of marriage that we find all the motives which they have for remaining in that connexion and the restraints which civilised society imposes to prevent separation are hardly s ufficient to keep them together.”8 When one reads the things that have been said about marriage from onegeneration to another, one cannot but be amazed at the courage with which the young go on marrying. Almost everybody, conventional and unconventional, seems to have painted the troubles of marriage in the darkest colours. So pessimistic were the conventional novelists of the nineteenth century about marriage that they seldom dared to prolong their stories beyond the wedding bells. Married people in plays and novels are seldom enviable, and, as time goes on, they seem to get more and more miserable. Even conventional people nowadays enjoy the story of a thoroughly unhappy marriage. It is only fair to say, however, that in modern times we like to imagine that nearly everybody, single as well as married, is unhappy. As social reformers we are all for happiness, but as thinkers and aesthetes we are on the side of misery.9 The truth is that we are a difficulty-conscious generation. Whether or not wemake life even more difficult than it would otherwise be by constantly talking about our difficulties I do not know. Isometimes suspect that half our difficulties are imaginary and that if we kept quiet about them they would disappear. Is it quite certain that the ostrich by burying his head in the sand never escapes his pursuers? I look forward to the day when a great naturalist will discover that it is to this practice that the ostrich owes his survival.marriage翻译婚姻罗伯特·林德1伯特兰·罗素先生说：“凡人百姓喜欢假装说婚姻中遇到的困难是新鲜事。
研究生英语读写译1-7课练习参考答案和参考译文
《研究生英语读写译教程》练习参考答案及参考译文注意：《研究生英语读写译教程》第二次印刷做了以下更改：1 PP95倒数第四行的edi f ion 改成edition；并将练习全部移至第96页2 PP87 省略法第一句话去掉，改为：省略是指在翻译时按意义、修辞和句法等方面的需要省略或减少部分词语使译文更加精炼、更符合汉语的表达习惯。
去掉（一）中的第二个例句，用下句替换：John had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.约翰有很多好想法，但是只有少数付诸实践。
3 PP97 将LEAD-IN QUESTION部分4A换成下句：Science is nothing but developed perception, interpreted intent, common sense rounded out and minutely articulated. (George Santayana)参考译文：科学只不过是发展了的知觉（科學只不過是深化了的洞悉），经过诠释的含义，经过整理、表达详细的常识。
4 PP106 Comprehension第一题中的"humanity"改为“the humanities“第一部分：各课练习答案UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH. COMPREHENSION1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)2 Life was tough –he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal…3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer.4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again.6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.7 Do the things we love to do.8 Open.9 Open.10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.)VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 naively2 curiosity3 combination4 let down5 vision6 baton7 creative8 mirror9 trap 10 inventionB1 drowned out2 tuition3 Commencement4 deposit5 typography6 make way for7 animation8 intuition9 destination 10 divergeC1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzlingD 1 an 2 great 3 the 4 to 5 √ 6 that 7 √8 been 9 been 10 inTRANSLATIONA1热烈的鼓掌2波涛汹涌的海面3熟睡4烟瘾大的人5油腻而难消化的食物6烈酒7悲痛的消息8沉闷冗长的读物9〈化〉重水10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
研究生英语读写译教程习题答案
Unit 1Keys to section A: 1. escort 2. obsessively 3. unseemly 4. baffling 5. trudged 6. simultaneously 7. punning 8. prim 9. trivial 10. ambivalenceKeys to section B:1. A. unobtrusive2. C. submissive3. D. grim4. B. misdemeanour5. C. disapprove6. D. prodigious7. C. trivial8. D. pathetic9. A. simultaneous 10. D. harryingKeys to close5. against 7. clash 10. penalty 1.torments 3. expected 9. tough 2.suspension 4. stick6. fit 8. promiseUnit 3II. V ocabulary and StructureA. 1. consensus 2. biodiversity 3. sustainable 4. transition 5. disparities.6. degradation7. stakeholders8. broker.9. ministerial 10. yieldB. 1.B in line with 2.C inception 3. A. unprecedented 4. B. pave the way for 5. B. intensification 6. D. subsistence 7. A embark on 8. B. mobilize 9.A infuse 10.A fully-fledgedIII. Cloze1. finance2. reduce3.improve4. agencies5. sustainable6. regional7. integration8. instruments9. enterprises 10. mobilizeUnit 51. obsolete2. perils3. turbulent4. stupefied5.concoction6. splinter7. nibbled8. erupt9. suffocated 10. infidelityB. Directions: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.1.C2.D3.A4. B5.A6. B7.C8. C9. B 10. DIII. ClozeDirections: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words in proper forms from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.1. sphere2. realm3. sacrifices4. manifestations5. exquisite6. involved7. exchange8. accomplished9. object 10. misfortuneUnit 6II V ocabulary and StructureA. 1. consumption 2. conflicted 3. assigned 4. sprawling 5. resort6. incentive7. overlooked8. undervalued9. overall 10. identifyB. 1.C 2.D 3.B. 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.DIII Cloze1. dominate2. symbol3. contrast4. populated5. finished6. tie7. connected8. exceeded9. along 10. becauseUnit 11Keys to section A:1. reconciled2. imperative3. paradox4. existence5. inherit6. formidable7. sensitive8. confess9. Incidentally 10. converselyKeys to section B:1. B2.A3. A4.B5. A6. A7. A8.D9.B 10.CIII Cloze1. partially2. linked3. positive4. increase5. impact6. management7. tolerance8. relieve9. builds 10. reactionUnit 13V ocabulary and Structure:1. insinuate2. amplify3. exploit4. detained5. misconstrued6. inherent7. predisposition8. harbor 9, accommodate 10. around the clock 1-10 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A9. C 10. D Cloze:1. declining2.brought on3. raise4. predecessors5. to5. although 7.determinant 8. flood 9. overtaxed 10. moreoverUnit 15II. V ocabulary and Structure:A. 1. formula 2. otherwise 3. recesses 4. cohesion 5. addiction6. nourish7. dispersed8. convert…into9. hitchhike 10. makes… sense.B. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.DIII. Cloze1. dispute2. alternative3. searching for4. ethnic5. lifestyle6. on behalf of7. corruption8.opportunity9. vision 10.look forward toTranslationUnit 11.把下面的英语段落翻译成汉语。
研究生英语读写译第5单元-marriage课后答案
Unit 5 TextWhy Marriages Failby Anne RoipheBackground Information1. About the AuthorAnne Roiphe (born December 25, 1935) is an American writer and journalist. She is best-known as a first-generation feminist, and author of the novel Up The Sandbox (1970)《沙坑之上》, which was filmed as a starring vehicle for Barbra Streisand in 1972. In 1996, Salon called the book "a feminist classic." Anne Roiphe has published several works including this article written in Family Weekly magazine.2. Bertrand Russell’s idea about happiness in marriageBertrand Russell stated in his book "Marriage" that it is therefore possible for a civilized man and a woman to be happy in marriage, although if this is to be the case a number of conditions must be fulfilled. There must be a feeling of complete equality on both sides; there must be no interference with mutual freedom; there must be the most complete physical and mental intimacy; and there must be a certain similarity in regard to standards of values. (It is fatal, for example, if one values only money while the other values only good work.) Given all these conditions, I believe marriage to be the best and most important relation that can exist between two human beings. If it has not often been realized hitherto, that is chiefly because husband and wife have not trusted each other. If marriage is to achieve its possibilities, husbands and wives must learn to understand that whatever the law may say, in their private lives they must be free.3. What experiences or assumption do you have about failed marriage?I believe that some people get married for love, some for lust, some for status, some for money, some for security, some for convenience, some to have children, some looking for parental guidance, some for business reasons etc. And if that is true, why is it that everyone who gets married expects adherence to the same standards as far as fidelity is concerned? The expectation seems to be that everyone gets married for passionate, romantic love and fidelity is the highest value of marriage.Language Points1. Para. [1] “Sacred vows”:are the promises—religious and secular—that are made during the marriage ceremony. Among these are ―to love and honor till death do us part,‖ so presumably the couple will live happily ever after, as in a fairy tale. These are time-honored expressions, almost clichés; they may become obsolete if the divorce rate rises even more and proves that these phrases are invalid.2. Para. [1] “single-parent homes”:are homes in which the child or children live with only one parent—mother or father—because of divorce or death.3. Para. [2] “Outside pressures”: are those problems that do not derive from the relationship between husband and wife directly, but may affect them greatly.4. Para. [3] “ We all select… of our first home”: We choose based on the emotional patterns of the home in which we lived as infants and young children—our parents’ home (―first home‖). This method may cause problems because in addition to bringing the positive aspects of early childhood to a marriage, we also bring unmet needs, angers, frustrations, and so on. Marriage may then become a battlefield where we try to resolve these negative aspects of our lives.5. Para. [5] “----and work runs counter to the basic myth of marriage”: The basic myth is that getting married will solve all our past problems, that it will automatically change our lives for the better. This attitude can create a bad marriage by putting too much pressure and expectation into it.6. Para. [5] “all the cultural changes” : are changes in sexual expectations, gender roles, and responsibilities. Some couples are unable to cope with these changes.7. Para. [7] “These…at the dunes”: In other words, not just all the wonderful things, but the day-to-day realities of a partner as well. A good marriage must be able to incorporate both the blissful and the mundane.8. Para. [9] “prevents a healthy exchange of thoughts and feelings.”: Communication is essential although often difficult to achieve. Poor communication ―prevents a healthy exchange of thoughts and feelings.‖ This can be overcome by setting up new patterns of communications and intimacy—a process which in itself requires good communication, however.9. Para. [14] The fact that “people today are unwilling to exercise the self-disciplin e…”: To make sacrifice and compromise.10. Para. [16] “Divorce is not an evil act”: Roiphe views divorce as something favorable if there is no other recourse. She presents both positive and negative effects to balance her conclusion realistically. Divorce can produce initial devastation, but it can also be a healthy step toward new health and ending mutual unhappiness.Word Study1.obsolete adj. out-of-date; no longer in use(1) The army plans to phase out the equipment as it becomes obsolete.(2) The obsolete regime is about to collapse.2. perils n. dangers(1)You had better not invest so much money at your peril.vt. take the risk of doing sth.(2)Do you think I am going to peril my reputation for you?3. infertility n. the lack of ability to have children(1)What are the key causes of male infertility?4. turbulent adj. very chaotic or uneasy(1) The sea is too turbulent for sailing.5. stupefy vt. bewilder(1) I was stupefied by what I read.6. obese adj. very fat, overweight(1) Obese patients are advised to change their diet.7. entrapment n. the act of trapping, sometimes by devious methods(1) Entrapment: 片名: 偷天陷阱将计就计; 主演: 辛·康纳利Sean Connery 凯瑟琳·泽塔-琼斯Catherine Zeta-Jones8. yearning n. a strong desire(1) It showed man's yearning for happiness and love.adj. longing for(2) All that they do is cry to God with yearning hearts.9. euphoric adj. overjoyed, ecstatic(1) Laughter is euphoric much more than wine.10. infidelity n. disloyalty, adultery(1) His wife has winked at his infidelity for years.参考译文婚姻何以失败安·洛芙[1] 如今，以离婚告终的婚姻如此之多，我们最神圣的誓约听上去都不再真实了。
(完整版)Unit 13 Marriage课文翻译综合教程四
Unit 13MarriageRobert Lynd1“Conventional people,” says Mr. Bertrand Russell, “like to pretend that difficulties in regard to marriage are a new thing.” I could not help wondering, as I read this sentence, where one can meet these conventional people who think, or pretend to think, as conventional people do. I have known hundreds of conventional people, and I cannot remember one of them who thought the things conventional people seem to think. They were all, for example, convinced that marriage was a state beset with difficulties, and that these difficulties were as old, if not as the hills, at least as the day on which Adam lost a rib and gained a wife. A younger generation of conventional people has grown up in recent years, and it may be that they have a rosier conception of marriage than their ancestors; but the conventional people of the Victorian era were under no illusions on the subject.Their cynical attitude to marriage may be gathered from the enthusiastic reception they gave to Punch’s advice to those about to marry －“Don’t.”2I doubt, indeed, whether the horrors of marriage were ever depicted more cruelly than during the conventional nineteenth century. The comic papers and music-halls made the miseries a standing dish. “You can always tell whether a man’s married or single from the way he’s dressed,” said the comedian. “Look at the single man: no buttons on his shirt. Look at the married man: no shirt.” The humour was crude; but it went home to the honest Victorian heart. If marriage were to be judged by the songs conventional people used to sing about it in the music- halls, it would seem a hell mainly populated by twins and leech-like mothers-in-law.The rare experiences of Darby and Joan were, it is true, occasionally hymned, reducing strong men smelling strongly of alcohol to reverent silence; but, on the whole, the audience felt more normal when a comedian came out with an anti- marital refrain such as:O why did I leave my little back roomIn Bloomsbury,Where I could live on a pound a weekIn luxury(I forget the next line).But since I have married Maria,I’ve jumped out of the frying-panInto the blooming fire.3No difficulties? Why, the very nigger-minstrels of my boyhood used to open their performance with a chorus which began:Married! Married! O pity those who’re married.Those who go and take a wife must be very green.4It is possible that the comedians exaggerated, and that Victorian wives were not all viragos with pokers, who beat their tipsy husbands for staying out too late. But at least they and their audiences refrained from painting marriage as an inevitable Paradise. Even the clergy would go no farther than to say that marriages were made in Heaven. That they did not believe that marriage necessarily ended there is shown by the fact that one of them wrote a “best-seller” bearing the title How to Be Happy Though Married.5I doubt, indeed, whether common opinion in any age has ever looked on marriage as an untroubled Paradise. I consulted a dictionary of quotations on the subject and discovered that few of the opinions quoted were rose-coloured. These opinions, it may be objected, are the opinions of unconventional people, but it is also true that they are opinions treasured and kept alive by conventional people. We have the reputed saying of the henpecked Socrates, for example, when asked whether it was better to marry or no t: “Whichever you do, you will repent.” We have Montaigne writing: “It happens as one sees in cages. The birds outside despair of ever getting in; those inside are equally desirous of getting out.” Bacon is no more prenuptial with his caustic quotation: “H e was reputed one of the wise men that made answer to the question when a man should marry: ‘A young man not yet; an elder man not at all.’” Burton is far from encouraging! “One was never married, and that’s his hell; another is, and that’s his plague.” Pe pys scribbled in his diary: “Strange to say what delight we married people have to see these poor folk decoyed into our condition.”6The pious Jeremy Taylor was as keenly aware that marriage is not all bliss.“Marriage,” he declared, “hath in it less of be auty and more of safety than the single life －it hath more care but less danger; it is more merry and more sad; it is fuller of sorrows and fuller of joys.” The sentimental and optimistic Steele can do no better than: “The marriage state, with and without the affection suitable to it, is the completest image of Heaven and Hell we are capable of receiving in this life.”7Rousseau denied that a perfect marriage had ever been known. “I have oftenthought,” he wrote, “that if only one could prolong the joy of love in marriage we should have paradise on earth. That is a thing which has never been hitherto.” Dr.Johnson is not quoted in the dictionary; but everyone will remember how, devoted husband though he was, he denied that the state of marriage was natural to man.“Sir,” he declared, “it is so far from being natural for a man and woman to live in a state of marriage that we find all the motives which they have for remaining in that connexion and the restraints which civilised society imposes to prevent separation are hardly sufficient to keep them together.＂8When one reads the things that have been said about marriage from one generation to another, one cannot but be amazed at the courage with which the young go on marrying. Almost everybody, conventional and unconventional, seems to have painted the troubles of marriage in the darkest colours. So pessimistic were the conventional novelists of the nineteenth century about marriage that they seldom dared to prolong their stories beyond the wedding bells. Married people in plays and novels are seldom enviable, and, as time goes on, they seem to get more and more miserable. Even conventional people nowadays enjoy the story of a thoroughly unhappy marriage. It is only fair to say, however, that in modern times we like to imagine that nearly everybody, single as well as married, is unhappy. As social reformers we are all for happiness, but as thinkers and aesthetes we are on the side of misery.9The truth is that we are a difficulty-conscious generation. Whether or not we make life even more difficult than it would otherwise be by constantly talking about our difficulties I do not know. I sometimes suspect that half our difficulties are imaginary and that if we kept quiet about them they would disappear. Is it quite certain that the ostrich by burying his head in the sand never escapes his pursuers?I look forward to the day when a great naturalist will discover that it is to thispractice that the ostrich owes his survival.婚姻罗伯特·林德1伯特兰·罗素先生说：“凡人百姓喜欢假装说婚姻中遇到的困难是新鲜事。
研究生英语读写教程2翻译
UNIT 11. During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergo su btle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation t o others. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A thir d is our perception of time—do we have plenty of it,or are we beginning to feel that t ime is running out? Last, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of alive ness or stagnation. These are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action.在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经历四个感知方面的微妙变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；第二，在生活的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感；第三是我们对时间的认识，是感到来日方长，还是开始感到时日无多？最后是对自己的精力和活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充沛，还是感到力不从心？这些都是在我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们采取行动前的种种决定。
2. The tasks of this passage are to locate ourselves in a peer group role ,a sex role, an anticipated occupation,an ideology or world view. As a result, we gather the impetus to leave home physically and the identity to begin leaving home emotionally.人生这一阶段的任务是，在同龄人中，在性别角色中，在期望的职业中，以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立自己的位置。
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婚姻何以失败安·洛芙[1]如今，以离婚告终的婚姻如此之多，我们最神圣的誓约听上去都不再真实了。
“从此永远幸福地生活着”和“直到死神将我们分开”这类话语似乎快过时了。
夫妻长相守何以变得如此困难？哪儿出了问题？我们到底怎么了，竟然有差不多半数的婚姻注定要以离婚法庭为终点？有42%的儿童将在单亲家庭中长大，我们怎么把社会弄成这样了呢？如果统计数字能测量出孤独、懊悔、痛苦、失去自信和对未来恐惧的程度，这些数字会大得惊人。
[2]虽然破裂的婚姻各有其独特的情况，但我们还是能找到致使婚姻无法维持下去的共同因素，即常见的危险。
凡婚姻都有其危机时刻，都要考验持久力、考验既能亲密相处又善应对变化的能力。
外部压力，如失业、疾病、不育、抚育孩子、赡养年迈的父母，以及生活中其他种种烦恼，都会如飓风横扫海岸那样对婚姻带来打击。
有些婚姻经受住了这些风暴，有些则不然。
但婚姻失败并不是简单地由外部天气造成的，而是由于内部气候变得过热或过冷，变得过于狂暴或过于麻木造成的。
[3]如果我们来看一下自己如何挑选配偶，看一下在爱情最初的温柔、浪漫阶段有着怎样的期待，婚姻触礁的一些原因便显而易见了。
无意中我们都精确地选中了能和我们一起重建我们第一个家庭的情感模式的伴侣。
婚姻心理治疗专家、威斯康星大学精神病学荣誉退职教授卡尔·A·威塔科尔解释说：“从幼年起，我们每一个人心里就对婚姻、女性气质、男性气质、为人母、为人父，以及其他各种家庭角色有了自己的模式。
”我们每一个人都爱上具有自己父母气质的伴侣，能帮助我们在心理上重温以往生活中的欢乐与苦难的伴侣。
我们或许会以为自己找的男人与爸爸不同，可是到头来，就像爸爸那样，他酗酒，或者吸毒，或者一次又一次失业，或者就像爸爸那样一言不发地坐在电视机前。
男人或许会选择一个像自己母亲一样不喜欢孩子的女人，或者一个像自己母亲一样把家里的钱全都赌光的女人。
或者他会选择一个苗条的妻子，与体态臃肿的母亲看上去似乎不一样，可结果发现那女子有其他的嗜好，这就毁了双方的幸福。
[4]男女双方都把意识到的和未意识到的对父母共同生活的混杂记忆带上婚床。
人类总会不由自主地去重复并再现过去的生活模式。
西格蒙德·弗洛伊德入木三分地描述了我们许多人所陷入的自设的不幸罗网：童年时期未能满足的欲望，多年前的挫折留下的愤怒情绪，信任极限以及旧日恐惧的重现。
一个人一旦意识到自己陷入这样的困境，就可能渴望逃脱，其结果可能是婚姻破裂、分崩离析。
[5]当然，人们能够改变童年时期养成的习惯和形成的看法。
我们都有潜在的优势，都有令人惊叹的能力使自己成长以及创造性地改变自己。
然而，变化需要有所行动，如观察自己在失败模式中的作用，公开遇到的难处。
然而行动却有悖于关于婚姻的神话：“若我与此人结了婚，我所有的烦恼就会烟消云散。
到了那时我算是获得成功了，我将成为此人生活的中心，此人也将成为我生活的中心，我们将永远视对方为自己生活的全部。
”这一维系所有婚姻的神话不久就被打破。
孩子降生了，需要有人爱、需要有人花时间照料，这些拖累在相当程度上打击了那个说什么视对方为自己生活之全部，或者说什么夫妇融为一体解决生活中所有问题的神话。
[6]对金钱的关心以及由金钱造成的紧张关系使夫妻产生隔阂。
对苛求的父母或仍需赡养的父母应尽的责任进一步加剧了紧张关系。
如今，夫妻双方还必须应对近几年来妇女解放运动和性革命所带来的各种文化变革。
角色的改变、责任的变更对婚姻都是极其严峻的考验。
[7]就像沙尘暴侵蚀岩石、海浪蚕食沙丘，这一切以及生活中其他现实问题逐渐毁灭对幸福婚姻的幻想。
那些伴随着浪漫爱情而来的欣喜若狂的美妙感觉实际上都是自我欺骗、自我催眠的梦幻，而这种自欺、这种梦幻使我们得以去缔结良缘。
现实生活、工作中的失败、失望、劳累、体臭、重感冒以及艰难时世都会打破幻想，使我们与配偶间的关系陷入困境，使我们面对以这种或那种方式左右我们的儿时模式时毫无办法，使我们面对无法实现的种种期望时一筹莫展。
[8]维系婚姻的努力要求有适应能力、灵活性、真挚的爱和亲切和善，还要有足够强的想象力，去感受对方的感情。
许多婚姻破裂是因为男女双方都不能想像对方需要什么，也无法交流彼此的需要和感情。
于是怒气越积越多，最后如火山一样爆发出来，其灰烬终将婚姻埋葬。
[9]因此，不难看出，婚姻要美满，交流是多么重要。
不管是丈夫还是妻子，必须能告诉对方他/她的感受，以及他/她为什么会有这种感受。
不然的话，他们就会把导致进一步不幸的角色和行为强加给对方。
有时候，儿时的交流模式——不讲话、讲得太多、不听对方讲话、不信任、生气、与对方相处时的冷漠等——会注入婚姻关系，阻止健康的思想和感情交流。
解决的办法是建立新的交流和亲近模式。
[10]然而与此同时，我们必须把对方看作是独立的个人。
“在亲与疏之间取得平衡是所有人在人生的每一个阶段都要遇到的主要心理任务之一，”纽约大学医学中心的精神病学家斯图尔特·巴特尔博士如是说。
[11]如果我们意识到配偶要求过多的亲密，我们往往会将他/她推开，担心自己会在融为一体的婚姻中失去自身独立性。
夫妻一方孩子般地依赖对方会使对方感到透不过气来。
[12]理想的婚姻意味着不但夫妻情感与日俱增，而且各自要作为独立的个人同时发展。
这不是件容易事。
理查德放弃了对木工活的兴趣，因为妻子海伦对他撇下自己心生嫉妒。
凯伦不去歌唱队了，因为她丈夫不喜欢她在歌唱队里的那些朋友。
每对夫妻都朝朝暮暮守在一起，当他们感受到生活的封闭时，彼此就生对方的气。
当夫妻中任何一个不打算继续厮守时，这种婚姻平衡就很容易被打破，紧接着便是离婚。
[13]有时自以为找个新伴侣就能解决老问题。
婚外性关系常常破坏婚姻，因为它使好与坏人为地分裂开来——好的记在新人名下，坏的倒在旧人头上。
不诚实、隐瞒、欺骗等行为在夫妻之间筑起屏障。
不忠乃婚姻出现问题的症状。
不忠象征抗议，是复仇的武器，也是拆散亲密关系的工具。
不忠行为常常成为谚语中所说的把骆驼压垮的那最后一根稻草。
[14]确实——婚姻从来就很难处理。
那为什么偏偏如今会发生如此之多的离婚呢？没错，我们现代的社会结构相当薄弱；没错，社会的宽容放任使人们产生了不切实际的期望，使家庭陷入混乱。
但离婚如此普遍是因为今天的人们不愿意运用婚姻所需的自我约束力。
他们希望不花力气就能过上悠闲愉快的日子，就像电视台的娱乐节目，就像参加精彩的晚会那么兴奋。
[15]婚姻需要某种牺牲，不是那种可怕的灵魂上的自我牺牲，而是某种程度上的妥协。
为了婚姻，一个人不得不放弃某些幻想、某些合理的欲望。
“每对夫妻都会有时感到婚姻的束缚，但恰恰正是他们自己决定把男婚女嫁变成束缚人的羁绊或相互扶持的纽带的，”威塔科尔博士说。
婚姻需要夫妻双方在性、经济、情感等方面自律。
夫妻都不能一味凭冲动行事，不能听任自己停滞不前或不思改变。
[16]离婚并非邪恶的行动。
有时离婚能解救那些已经没有希望重归于好的夫妻，解救那些深深陷入凄楚痛苦之中的夫妻。
如同外科医生动的第一刀，离婚最初固然带有破坏性，但那可能就是走向健康走向美好生活的必要一步。
从另一方面来说，如果夫妻双方能共同度过那些爱情神话破灭的危机，进而培养真正的爱情与发展亲密关系，他们就完成了一项与世界上最宏伟的大教堂一样神奇的伟业。
没有破裂而是改善了的婚姻，不尽完美却长久维持着的婚姻，如今不仅弥足珍贵，而且构筑成一个绝妙的庇护所，在其间夫妻双方可以安全地展示共同的人性。
1.obsolete2.perils3.turbulent4.stupefied5.concoction6.splinter7.nibbled8.erupt9.suffocated10.infidelitRB.Directions:Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowi ngsentences.1.C2.D3.A4.B5.A6.B7.C8.C9.B10.DIII.ClozeDirections:FillintheblanAsinthefollowingpassagebRselectingsuitable wordsinproperformsfromtheWordBanA.RoumaRnotuseanRofthewor dsmorethanonce.1.sphere2.realm3.sacrifices4.manifestations5.eRquisite6.involved7.eRchange8.accomplished9.object10.misfortune5．翻译下列段落。
至少今天阳光明媚。
我能看到从拉起的窗帘细小缝隙里透进的明亮的光线。
至少还没有看到那只猫的踪影，那只欺软怕硬的猫，它威胁着我的生存。
卧室的门只要开开一个缝，那只猫就想进来。
它会靠近我的笼子，用爪子抓笼子的栅条，有时，我还喜欢这讨厌的金属栅条可以保护我。
但现在，像那样的事情，我已经不在乎了，有时我甚至希望猫能把笼子的门抓开、邪恶地一把抓住我，几口吞吃了，那样至少一切就可以结束了。