主语与谓语动词的一致
主语与谓语一致性

主语与谓语一致性一、主语与谓语一致性主语与谓语一致性是语法学中的一个重要概念,指的是主语和谓语在人称和数方面保持一致。
在句子构成中,主语是句子的核心成分,谓语是对主语进行陈述或描述的动词或动词短语。
只有在主语与谓语之间存在一致性,才能确保句子的逻辑关系和语法正确性。
二、人称一致性在句子中,人称一致性要求主语和谓语在人称方面保持一致。
具体而言,当主语是第一人称(即“我”)时,谓语动词经常使用第一人称的形式,如“am”、“was”等。
当主语是第二人称(即“你”)时,谓语动词常常采用第二人称的形式,如“are”、“were”等。
当主语是第三人称(即“他/她/它”或其他名词)时,谓语动词则使用第三人称的形式,如“is”、“was”、“has”等。
例如:I am a teacher.(我是一名教师。
)You were here yesterday.(你昨天在这里。
)He is a doctor.(他是一名医生。
)三、数一致性数一致性要求主语和谓语在数方面保持一致。
通常,在句子中,主语和谓语动词的单复数形式需要保持一致。
如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词也应该使用单数形式;如果主语是复数形式,谓语动词则使用复数形式。
例如:She plays the piano.(她弹钢琴。
)They are students.(他们是学生。
)四、特殊情况在一些特殊情况下,需要注意特殊的主语和谓语一致性问题。
1.复合主语:当句子中出现有两个或更多个并列主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于这些主语是否为单数或复数。
例如:Tom and Jerry are friends.(汤姆和杰瑞是朋友。
)Milk and bread are on the table.(牛奶和面包在桌子上。
)2.连接词“or”和“nor”:当连接词“or”和“nor”连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于离谓语动词最近的那个主语。
例如:Tom or his friends are coming.(汤姆或者他的朋友们即将到来。
主谓一致的基本规则及常见例子

主谓一致的基本规则及常见例子主谓一致是指主语在人称和数上与谓语动词保持一致。
主谓一致在语法中起到重要的作用,它决定了句子的正确性和语言的表达清晰度。
本文将介绍主谓一致的基本规则,并给出常见的例子以帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、一般现在时中的主谓一致在一般现在时中,主语与谓语动词需要保持一致。
当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式。
例如:1. He goes to school by bus every day.(第三人称单数主语)2. They go to school by bus every day.(非第三人称单数主语)在第一个句子中,主语"He"是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词"go"也使用了第三人称单数形式"goes"。
而在第二个句子中,主语"They"是非第三人称单数,所以谓语动词"go"保持了原始形式。
二、存在助动词的句子中的主谓一致当句子中存在助动词时,主语与助动词的词形要保持一致。
例如:1. She is reading a book.(动词“be”+现在分词)2. They are reading books.(动词“be”+现在分词)在第一个句子中,主语“She”是第三人称单数,所以助动词“is”也使用了第三人称单数形式。
而在第二个句子中,主语“They”是非第三人称单数,所以助动词“are”保持了原始形式。
三、特殊情况下的主谓一致1. 连接词“either...or...”或“neither...nor...”连接两个主语时,谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
例如:Neither John nor his friends are going to the party.(“neither...nor...”连接两个主语,谓语动词与靠近的主语"friends"保持一致)2. 当主语为复数形式,但表示整体单一概念时,谓语动词要使用单数形式。
主谓一致的三个原则

主谓一致的三个原则在英语中谓语动词在人称和数上必须同主语保持一致。
确定主谓一致要根据以下三个基本原则:一、语法一致原则, 即谓语动词要和它的主语在形式上取得一致,即单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。
但要注意以下几种情况:1由and 连接并列主语时,谓语动词常用复数。
A teacher and his students are invited to the English evening.一个老师和他的学生被邀请参加英语晚会。
但以下两种情况谓语动词要用单数形式:(1)并列主语指同一人(物)、同一概念(这是第二个名词前无冠词)时;The professor and writer is coming to the meeting. 那位教授兼作家将来参加会议。
Truth and honesty is the best policy. 诚实才是上策。
类似的短语还有a cart and horse(马车), a cup and saucer(放在盘子上的茶杯), cause and effect(因果), bread and butter(黄油面包), iron and steel(钢铁) ,study and research(研讨), the needle and thread(针线), trial and error(反复试验)(2) 并列主语分别被each, every, no, many a 修饰时。
如:Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书、每张纸都摆放得井井有条。
No teacher and no student is present. 没有教师和学生出席。
2. 单个不定式、动词-ing、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Taking care of children needs patience. 照看儿童需要耐心。
To remember these words is our main task today. 记住这些单词是我们今天的主要任务。
主谓一致和就近就远原则

主谓一致和就近就远原则主谓一致和就近原则是语法中的重要概念,用于确定主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系。
主谓一致指的是主语和谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致;就近原则指的是谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。
首先,主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致。
在英语中,一般来说,第三人称单数主语需要用动词的第三人称单数形式,而其他人称和数则使用动词的一般形式。
例如,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要加s或es,如he goes,she thinks。
而当主语是第一人称单数或复数,第二人称单数或复数时,谓语动词则保持一般形式,如I go,we think,you study。
其次,就近原则指的是谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。
在一个句子中,如果存在多个主语,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据最近的主语决定。
例如,句子“Tom and his friends are going to the party”中,谓语动词are是根据最近的主语Tom决定的,而不是前面的friends。
而在句子“His friends and Tom is going to the party”中,谓语动词is则是根据最近的主语Tom决定的,而不是前面的friends。
主谓一致和就近原则在句子中起到了重要作用,确保了语法的正确性和语言的连贯性。
下面将分别对主谓一致和就近原则进行具体说明。
主谓一致的几个注意事项:1.主谓一致在人称上的一致性,即主语和谓语动词要在人称上保持一致。
例如,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;当主语是第一人称单数或复数时,谓语动词要用一般形式;当主语是第二人称单数或复数时,谓语动词要用一般形式。
例如:- She goes to school every day.(第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)- They go to school every day.(第三人称复数,谓语动词用一般形式)- I go to school every day.(第一人称单数,谓语动词用一般形式)- We go to school every day.(第一人称复数,谓语动词用一般形式)- You go to school every day.(第二人称单数或复数,谓语动词用一般形式)2.主谓一致在数上的一致性,即主语和谓语动词要在数上保持一致。
主谓一致与主语与谓语部分一致

主谓一致与主语与谓语部分一致主谓一致是语法中的一个重要原则,指主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
主语与谓语部分一致是指主语与谓语在形式上要保持一致。
在英语语法中,这两个概念是密切相关的,我们在学习和使用英语时必须注意它们的正确运用。
本文将从理论角度和实际例子出发,详细探讨主谓一致与主语与谓语部分一致的规则和应用。
首先,我们来看一下主谓一致的基本规则。
当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
例如:- He speaks English fluently. (主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)当主语是第三人称复数时,谓语动词则要用第三人称复数形式。
例如:- They speak English fluently. (主语是第三人称复数,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式)此外,在某些特殊情况下,谓语动词与主语保持一致,而不是按照上述规则进行变化。
例如:- The police are investigating the case. (谓语动词与主语保持一致,不受第三人称单数形式的影响)接下来,我们来讨论主语与谓语部分一致的规则。
在英语语法中,主语与谓语部分一致是指主语与谓语的其他成分在形式上要保持一致。
具体来说,主语与谓语的时态、语态、情态动词以及助动词等要一致。
例如:时态一致:- He is studying English.(主语与谓语的时态都是现在进行时)语态一致:- The paper was written by Tom.(主语与谓语的语态都是被动语态)情态动词一致:- You should study harder.(主语与谓语的情态动词都是“should”)助动词一致:- You have been working hard.(主语与谓语的助动词都是“have been”)此外,主语与谓语在人称和数上也要保持一致。
例如:- I am going to the party.(主语与谓语的人称都是第一人称,数都是单数)综上所述,主谓一致与主语与谓语部分一致是英语语法中的重要原则。
第十六章主谓一致主谓一致(concord),是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称

第十六章主谓一致主谓一致(concord),是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。
英语中动词be的变化形式最多,如I am,Y ou are,He is,We are等。
主语I一定要用am的动词形式,这就叫“主谓一致”。
一、主谓一致的三个原则主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则(principle of grammatical concord)、意义一致原则(principle of notional concord)和就近原则(principle of proximity)。
A.语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
B.意义一致意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
1. 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师。
The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多数小学老师都是女的。
2. 主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。
C.就近原则就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。
主语与谓语动词一致
主语与谓语动词一致在英文语法中,主语与谓语动词的一致性是非常重要的规则。
当主语是单数时,谓语动词需要使用单数形式;当主语是复数时,谓语动词需要使用复数形式。
这个规则的正确运用可以帮助我们避免语法错误,使句子更加准确和流畅。
本文将详细讨论主语与谓语动词一致的规则和常见错误,以及如何避免这些错误。
一、主语与谓语动词一致的基本规则1. 单数主语与单数谓语动词一致。
例句:- The dog barks every morning.(这只狗每天早上叫。
)- She sings beautifully.(她唱得很好听。
)2. 复数主语与复数谓语动词一致。
例句:- The dogs bark every morning.(这些狗每天早上叫。
)- They sing beautifully.(他们唱得很好听。
)3. 特殊名词的单复数形式与谓语动词一致。
当主语是由单数名词构成的复合名词时,谓语动词使用单数形式;当主语是由复数名词构成的复合名词时,谓语动词使用复数形式。
例句:- The news is exciting.(这则新闻很令人兴奋。
)- The scissors are sharp.(这把剪刀很锋利。
)4. 使用不定代词作主语时,需要注意其单复数形式与谓语动词的一致性。
有些常见的不定代词包括:everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,no one,nobody,anyone,anybody,either,neither,each 等。
这些不定代词作为主语时,谓语动词通常使用单数形式。
例句:- Everybody loves ice cream.(每个人都爱冰淇淋。
)- Someone is knocking at the door.(有人在敲门。
)二、主语与谓语动词一致的常见错误1. 主语与谓语动词不一致错误例句:- The book *is* interesting.(这本书有趣。
初中英语语法:主谓一致
初中英语语法(主谓一致)主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。
主谓一致要遵循三条原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
一、复习要点:1.语法一致的原则:语法一致的原则就是指主语和谓语动词保持语法形式上的一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
⑴单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句用作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
主语为复数名词或代词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:His father works for a computer company. 他的父亲在一家电脑公司工作。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在阳光下看书对眼睛有害。
What he said is very important for us all. 他所说的话对我们大家都很重要。
⑵由连词and或both… and连接的并列主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
例如:New York and Boston are American cities. 纽约和波士顿是美国城市。
Both she and her sister like drawing pictures. 她和她的姐姐都喜欢画画⑶由―a… and a half, more than one +名词‖―one and a half + 名词‖, 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点构成的主语,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:A month and a half has passed since I saw him. 自从我见到他,已经过去一个半月了。
高中英语语法 主谓一致讲解
主谓一致主谓一致,主语和谓语一致,是指谓语动词和主语鼻息保持人称和数上保持一致,即主语是单数,谓语动词也用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词也用复数。
它通常依据三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
一、语法一致即“单则单,复则复”。
1. 由and连接两个单词作主语时,要看其意义来决定谓语动词的用单数还是复数。
(1)如果表示的是两个不同的对象,谓语动词用复数John and Mary are my friends. John 和Mary都是我的朋友。
The worker and the writer have come to the meeting. 那位工人和那位作家都来参加会议了。
(2)如果表示的是同一个整体或者指的是同一个事物,谓语动词用单数。
The worker and writer has come. 那位工人作家来了。
Fish and chips is a popular supper here. 炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。
(3)两个单数名词前有every, each, no等修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl wants to help the farmers pick oranges. 每个男孩和每个女孩都想去帮农民摘桔子。
2.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anyboday, no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anthing, nothing, something, everything, everyone everybody, neither等做主语时,谓语动词用单数。
none 作主语时,谓语动词单、复数均可。
Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用电话。
Is everybody here today? 今天大家到了吗?3.主语+介词(短语):with, except, like, over, besides, as well as, rather than, more than, together with, along with等连接的名词时,谓语以介词(短语)前面的主语为准。
主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致
主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致,即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化;主谓一致原则:1、语法上的一致所谓语法一致原则,即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致;谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定:主语为复数,谓语动词用复数;主语为单数或者是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界;We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来;使用语法一致的情况1当主语是and,both…and连接的并列结构如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,则谓语动词用复数;My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影;Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦;注意:由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each,every,no修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式;Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育;No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会;2主语后面接说明主语的修饰语主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如:with,along with,together with,as well as,like,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,in addition to,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系;The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议;The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道,也学会了开汽车;A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家;E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用;Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密;All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了;3非谓语动词或从句作主语非谓语动词动词的-ing形式、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数形式;When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来;Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的;To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事;When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定;注意:当what引导主语从句或由 and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定;What we need here is money.我们这里需要的是资金;What we need here are workers.我们这里需要的是工人;Lying and stealing are immoral.说谎与偷窃是不道德的;4each和复合不定代词作主语each和some/any/no一个比一个差;Nobody knows the answer. 没有一个人知道这答案;Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你;Is there anything in the box箱子里有什么东西吗There is a lot of milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多奶;5“many a +单数名词”作主语“many a、很多/more than one不只一个+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;Many a student has been to Beijing. 很多学生去过北京;There is more than one answer to your question. 你的问题不只有一个答案;6“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the等限定词和修饰语“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only,the very,the等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man.汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩;He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生;注意:如没有这些限定词和修饰语,定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式;Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others. 汤姆是个随时愿意帮助别人的男孩;7由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语英语中有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如g1asses眼镜,scissors剪刀,shorts 短裤,shoes鞋子,trousers裤子等作主语,其后的谓语动词用复数形式;His glasses were broken, so he can't see well. 他的眼镜碎了,因而看不清楚;His trousers are made of cotton. 他的裤子是棉布的;注意:若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时,则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式;Two pairs of trousers are missing. 两条裤子不见了;This pair of shoes is not on sale. 这双鞋不出售;2、意义上的一致意义上的一致是指谓语动词与主语的一致取决于主语所表达的意义;若主语形式上为复数,而意义上是单数,动词要用单数;若主语形式上为单数,而意义上为复数,则动词用复数;The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲;The police are looking into the matter. 警察正在调查此事;使意义上的一致的情况1由and连接两个并列主语其后的谓语动词一般用复数形式;但如果两个单数名词指同一个人、同一事物、单一概念时,谓语动词要用单数,有时两个名词共用一个冠词;The worker and writer has written a new novel. 这位工人兼作家写了一部新小说;两个名词共用一个冠词There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley. 在美国有一个名叫亚利克斯哈利的记者兼作家;Truth and honesty is always the best policy. 真诚总是上策;注意:用and连接起来的两个单数主语,谓语动词可以是单数,也可以是复数;Three and five makes /make eight.三加五等于八;Time and tide wait/waits for no man .岁月不等人;2形复意单的名词作主语①复数形式的专有名词表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等做主语,通常作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数;The United States is in North America.美国在北美洲;The Arabian Nights is read all over the world.天方夜谭是流传世界各地的名着;The New York Times has a wide circulation.纽约时报销路很广;注意:表示山脉、群岛、瀑布等的专有名词和以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人,谓语也用复数;The Alps rise over 4 countries.阿尔卑斯山脉跨越了四国;Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.尼亚加拉瀑布没有维多利亚瀑布高;The Smiths were also invited.史密斯一家人也受到了邀请;There are 3 Marys and 2 Roberts in my class.我班有三个叫玛丽、两个叫罗伯特的学生;②以-ics结尾表示学科的名词做主语,通常表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式;这类名词有:physics, politics, mathematics, economics, athletics, electronics等;Politics is now taught in all schools.现在各学校都开设政治课;Economics is a science of the way in which industry and trade produce and use wealth.经济学是研究工业、贸易生财和用财之道;注意:当这些动词表示有关方面的活动、情况、见解、原理等意思时,谓语动词需用复数形式;What are his politics他的政见如何The economics of national growth are of the greatest importance to all modern governments.国家发展经济的原理对现代各国政府都重要;③news,maths,plastics,physics,works,means方法,the United States等虽然以-s结尾,但意义上作为单数看待;“News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. 集团军司令说:”随着我们军队的推进胜利的消息接踵而至;”Mathematics/Physics is a required subject for us.数学/物理是我们必修的科目;Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.所有可能的直至污染的方法都用了,但天空还是不晴朗的;④成对的名词做主语时用单数形式;Bread and butter is a daily food in the West .面包抹黄油是西方人每天的食品;His gratitude and devotion to the Party is endless.他无限感觉,无限忠于党;⑤“one and a half +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数;One and a half pears is left on the table .一只半梨剩在桌子上;One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能挤出的全部时间;注意:“one or two+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数;One or two days are enough to see the city.参观该市一两天就足够了;There are one or two things I want to talk over with you .我有一两件事想跟你商量;3有生命的集体名词作主语有生命的集体名词如people,police,cattle,militia作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;Cattle are also kept. 还养了一些牛;There are many people there. 那里有很多人;The police are looking for the thief. 公安人员在搜寻那个小偷;All the people of the world want peace.全世界人民都渴望和平;注意:family,team,class,government,audience,crew,committee等集体名词,如果作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果作个别成员看待,谓语动词用复数形式;people作“民族”解时,作单数用;Zhang’s family is rather big, with twelve people in all.张家很大,一共12口人;The family are sitting at the breakfast table. 这家人正坐在早餐桌旁;My family is a large one. 我家是个大家庭;The class are doing experiment in the lab. 全班同学正在实验室里做实验;The class has won the honour. 这个班获得了荣誉;The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族;4 名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词作主语,按照意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单、复数形式;如果指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式,如果指一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式;这类形容词有:old, young, rich, poor, blind, deaf, dead, sick等;The rich are not always happy. 富人也有不开心的时候;The wounded is a policeman. 受伤者是一名警察;The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 漂亮的不一定就等于好;5 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;Twenty years has passed since we left school. 我们离开学校已经20年了;Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一万美元是一大笔钱;Two months is quite a long time. 两个月时间是很长的;Two hours is enough for us to do this experiment.我们做这个实验两个小时就够了;Thirty kilometres is a good 公里是一个相当远的距离;注意:如果说话人侧重一个个的个体,谓语动词用复数形式;Twenty years have passed since we parted.自从我们分手以后20年己经过去了;6“a number of十复数可数名词”与“the number of十复数可数名词”作主语“a number of十复数可数名词”表示“一些、许多”的意思,谓语动词用复数;“the number of十复数可数名词”表示“……的数目、数量”,谓语动词用单数;The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.邀请来的人数是50,但很多人因不同的原因没来;A number of books are missing from the library.图书馆丢了许多书;The number of workers in this factory is increasing.这家工厂的工人数目正在增加;7none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词作主语none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词时,有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据说话人的意思决定;None of them has arrived yet at the settlement. 他们没有一个到达新住宅区;None of them have arrived yet. 他们都还没到;8“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语,这时要以of短语中的名词是否为复数而定;Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.该地区五分之二的土地为树木和草所覆盖;89% of smokers are male. 89%的吸烟者是男性;In the USA, 75% of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美国,75%的谷物用来喂养动物;Two-thirds of the earth's surface is sea. 地球表面的2/3是海洋;Two-thirds of the people were against the plan. 2/3的人都反对核计划;9表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语,谓语动词用单数还是复数,应根据后接名词的单、复数形式而定;这些名间或代词有all,any,enough,half,more,most,the rest,part,some等;The rest of the buildings are easy to get to. 其余的建筑物并不难上;The rest of his life was happy. 他的晚年生活很幸福;Most of my time was spent in reading. 我大部分时间用来读书;Most of the people are aware of it. 大部分人都知道它;Some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 一些糖散落在地上;Some of the apples were spilled on the floor. 一些苹果散落在地上;10两个主语,一个肯定,一个否定,谓语动词与肯定主语相一致;The parents, and not the son, were missing.失踪者不是儿子,而是他的双亲;3、邻近原则邻近原则是指谓语动词要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持人称与数的一致;Neither he nor I am a student. 他和我都不是学生;There is a pen , two chairs and a desk. 有一支钢笔,两把椅子和一张桌子;这主要有以下几种情况;1由or,either…or等连接的并列结构作主语由or、either…or、nor、neither…nor、not only…but also、not…but连接的并列主语,通常按照就近一致原则,谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定;Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.要么你要么校长在会议上对这些天才的学生颁奖;Neither he nor I have finished the experiment. 他和我都没有做完试验;Either his friends or his brother is wrong. 不是他的朋友们错了,就是他哥哥错了;Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.不仅我而且简和玛丽都讨厌一个接一个的考试;Not only the teacher but also his students have studied the question. 不仅老师而且他的学生们都研究了这个问题;2在主谓倒装句时在主谓倒装句中,主语并列,谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语相一致;由here或there引导的句子,若有并列主语,谓语也与最靠近的那个主语一致;There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌、一张饭桌和3把椅子;There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有3把椅子、一张书桌和一台电脑;Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away你不在时妻子和孩子呆在哪儿"表里不一"现象:以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致:英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es,但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词;它们用法多样,造成了实际使用上的困难,以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题;一以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题二以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题三以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题四以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题五其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题集合名词的主谓一致原则:集合名词作主语时,主谓一致关系是一个较为复杂的问题.对此类问题我们可以从"数"的角度分为四类.1单数—复数型.凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类;如:a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; an army —armies; a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew —crews等;这类集合名词强调的是整体性,即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待;属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数;复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数;例如A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.每个上午一大群人经常聚集在广场上The government has decided to pass the bill.政府已决定通过这一法案There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.星期天有大群大群的人在街上;There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.在世界上有许多讲英语的人但应注意,这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念,所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为"单复同形型"中.2单数型.这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体,即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内,所以只有单数形式.如作主语,谓语动词常用单数;这类名词常见的有:humanity,mankind,proletariat等.例如The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment,mankind makes constant progress.3复数型.这类集合名词在形式和内容上是相互矛盾的,就是说它们只有单数形式,但表达的都是复数概念;它强调的是集体中的个体性.这类名词有:police,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery,vermin,personnel等.它们作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.例如The police have caught the murder.Our personnel are very highly trained.The vermin are very dangerous.4单复同形型.这类集合名词的单数形式既可表示单数也可表示复数.作主语时,用单数动词或复数动词均可,有时意义区别不大.例如The school teaching staff are is excellent.The public is are requested not to litter in the park.The teaching profession claims to be badly paid.这类集合名词常见的有:class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience 等.根据说话人的心理意向若把这个集合名词所代表的人或事物看作一个整体,就认为是单数,用单数动词;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干个个体的话,就认为其为复数,用复数动词;试比较:The football team is playing well.那个足球队打得非常漂亮.The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡,然后来这里吃茶点;The family is a very happy one.那个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭;That family are very pleased about the news of William's success. 全家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴;巧记主谓一致原则:单单复复最常见,集体名词谓用单,如若强调其成员,复数谓语记心间;有些名词谓常复,people,police即这般;主语单数后接介,谓语单数介无关,many a作主语也如此,谓语动词应用单;or、nor、but also、there be,近主原则挂嘴边;关系代词定主语,谓语根据先行词判;不定式短语、动名词,主语从句谓全单;时间、货币与距离,谓语多单复少见,rest,means,fol1owing等,意义决定其复、单;none,all,half of等,of之宾语定答案;还有分数、百分数,仍据of之宾定复、单;代词all指人谓复数,all指事情谓用单;量词用法请注意,谓语要随量词变;and连接两名词,身兼两职一定冠,no,each,every后单名,两件种事物系一概念,以上情况请记清,谓语动词全用单;形容词带the一类人,姓氏复数加定冠,-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛,谓语用复勿用单;neither,either,each,用作主语谓全单;。
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主语与谓语动词的一致江苏沛县湖西中学鹿俊先 221611英语谓语动词的形式必须随其主语的人称及数的不同而变化,这就叫作主语与谓语动词的一致,简称主谓一致。
在现代英语中除动词be有不同的人称形式(am, is, are, was, were)以及动词have有特殊的单数第三人称现在式形式(has)外,其余的动词只有单数第三人称现在式形式加-s / -es,其他形式则无区别。
因此对于学习者而言,主谓一致问题主要是注意单数第三人称现在式动词形式加-s / -es的问题。
处理主谓一致问题可依照不同的原则,即从不同的角度着眼。
以下对这些原则及容易产生困惑之处加以分析、归纳。
1.语法一致,即主语为单数,就使用单数形式的动词,主语为复数,就使用复数形式的动词。
1.1.单数及复数名词的辨别。
某些名词单数词尾,却用作复数,如:people (人们), police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等。
People have the right to defend themselves.The police are investigating the murder of a six-year-old girl.The poultry have been fed.某些名词复数词尾,却常用作单数,如:news, mathematics / maths, physics, politics等。
Mathematics / Maths(数学学科)is the science of pure quantity.(Her mathematics / maths(数学能力)are / is rather shaky.) The news is favourable this morning.某些名词单数、复数形式相同,都是单数词尾,如:fish, sheep, deer, craft, Chinese, Swiss等。
In summer the red dear has a reddishbrown coat.A baby deer is able to stand up as soon as it is born.Baby deer are able to stand up as soon as they are born.某些名词单数、复数形式相同,都是复数词尾,如:means (=way), works (=factory), crossroads, series, species, barracks, headquarters 等。
All means have been tried.Every means has been tried.1.2.避免主语的同位语及其它修饰语语义上的干扰。
容易产生干扰的同位语:each, one of…, like …, such as…, including…, especially…, particularly…, for example,…等。
Some rubbish, such as / like food and paper, rots away over a period of time.Practical lessons, such as / like woodwork, are not considered to be as important as maths.We each have a different point of view. (each作同位语)对照:Each of the houses is slightly different.(each作主语)Many students in our class, especially David, are fond of music.Playing football, one of his hobbies, has brought him many friends.常见容易产生干扰的前置修饰语:more than one, many a, every 以及被同化为相当于many / much / most意义的口语中常用短语:a lot of, lots of, a (great / good / large) number of, a great / good deal of, the majority of, a large quantity of等。
正式书面语中的 large quantities of…的谓语动词为复数形式。
A lot of / Lots of problems are caused by unemployment.A lot of / Lots of trouble is caused by racism.Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs.对照:Many famous pop stars have been ruined by drugs.The majority of the damage is easy to repair.A /The majority of criminals are non-violent.对照:The majority was /were in favour of the proposal.A (large) number of books have been stolen from the library.对照:The number of my telephone is 62239988.The number of students in the school is large.(以上两句中的The number的意义分别是号码、数量)Large quantities of oil have been discovered in that area.常见容易产生干扰的后置修饰语:with…, together with…, along with…, as well as…, but / except…, besides…, in addition to…, apart from…, other than…, instead of…, rather than…, like…, unlike…,等。
在one / two/ some / much /…(表示部分)+of the…(表示整体)的结构中of the…属于后置修饰语。
数学中运算方式的表达也存在这类修饰语问题。
Peter, rather than his children, is to blame for the accident.The children, rather than their father, are to blame for the accident.The Minister, as well as / as much as the trades unions, is responsible for the present impasse.He, like / unlike his brothers, is interested in reading.Nobody but / except/ apart from a few teachers knows about it.A library with a great many books was given to the state.Professor Smith, along with his assistants, is working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.One of my ear rings is lost.30 divided by 6 is / equals 5.1.3.不定代词everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something 作主语视为单数。
Everyone thinks it wrong.neither / none或 neither / none of+复数代词或复数名词作主语,正式英语中按语法一致的原则,用单数形式动词;口语中可以按语义一致的原则,用复数形式动词。
any / either 或any / either of+复数代词或复数名词在否定意义的句子中有时也遵循以上原则。
none (of +不可数名词) 用作单数。
Neither of them /the girls are / is likely to come.None of the drivers has /have turned up.None of the money is mine.I sent cards to Marvis and Margery, but neither (of them) have / has replied. I doubt if either(of them) are / is coming.(I don’t think either of them are / is coming.)I’ve ordered the coal, but none (of it) has arrived yet.I’ve ordered the tickets, but none (of them) have / has arrived yet.1.4.关系代词作主语时动词与先行词一致,使用强调结构强调主语时动词与所强调的主语一致。
在类似a / this /that kind of book(s)结构中,kind作主语;books of this / that kind (=these / those kind of books) 结构中,books作主语。
动词与主语的形式一致。
She is one of the girls who live in the countryside.She is the only one of the girls who lives in the countryside.It is I that / who am to blame.Cars of that sort/ kind/ type are tremendously expensive to run.That sort/ kind/ type of car(s)is tremendously expensive to run.Those sort/ kind/ type of cars are expensive to run.(随便的口语形式。