跨文化交际课程unit9
英语阅读3 unit9 Cross-Cultural Communication
What’s the main idea of this passage?
There are consistent and systemati c cultural differences in communicat ion. There are some basic rules and conventions behind the cross-cultur al communication.
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Eye-con tact
Smile
Handshake
Accent Physical and distance Tone
Forms of address
Main idea: Forms of address vary between cultures but it play im portant roles in intercultural communicaiton.
Detail patterns: Comparison—interpersonal communication & cross-cultural communication. Contrast-low context culture and High context culture
Polite usage: Etiquette
跨文化交际导论(英文版)(第二版) Chapter 9 Culture and Education(to Ss)
What changes have taken place in modern Chinese education? 3. What can the teacher do to create a culturally responsive classroom? 4. What assessment styles can best display students’ performance in your mind?
Memorization without thorough understanding is rote learning Rote learning is not true learning True learning is, by definition, meaningful learning.
• Culture Influence on Learning
Different Cognitive Styles Passive learning vs. Active learning Chinese education
Western educations
Learning by listening, watching (observing), and imitating.
SELECTED SCENE—WHO IS THE MURDER?
THE
Task: Try to point out the features of education system in the Imperial College of Engineering (ICE) in the selected scene.
Comfortable only with precise objectives, structured learning, detailed assignments, strict time tables, and an unambiguous assessment. Pursue for absolute correct or incorrect and prefer explicit explanation from the teachers.
跨文化交际英文版9 Cultural Diversity
An individualist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as individuals and to emphasize the needs of individuals.
Individualist and Collectivist Cultures
Portugal, Greece, Peru, Belgium, and Japan.
Denmark, Sweden, the United States, Finland, Netherlands and Ireland.
Power Distance
Hierarchical order India, Brazil, Singapore, Greece, Venezuela, Mexico, and Philippines
Representative nations: Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands.
Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualist and Collectivollectivist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals.
全码老少皆宜 淘宝价:89.
大家好才是真的好，好迪真好。
Poetry in motion, dancing close to me.
大学英语跨文化交际 chapter9
Chapter 9 Intercultural AdaptationI. Teaching Objectives:In this chapter, the teacher should enable the students to:1. understand acculturation and intercultural adaptation2. understand the definition and modes of acculturation, as well as the factors affecting acculturation.3. master the definition, symptoms, forms and effects of culture shock.4. comprehend the definition and stages of intercultural adaptation, which includes theU-curve and W-curve patterns.5. develop some strategies for avoiding culture shock and engaging in interculturaladaptation.II. Contents1. Keywords（1）Acculturation：It refers to an individual’s learning and adapting to the norms and values of the new host culture. （文化适应：文化适应指人们学习和适应新文化的社会规范和价值观念的过程。
）（2）Assimilation：It is a process in which members of an ethnic group are absorbed into the dominant culture, losing their culture in the process. (同化：同化指一个民族群体的人们逐渐失去自己原有的文化，接受新的主流文化的过程。
Unit 9 Cross-cultural Communication
To leave by using excuses that are related to themselves
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Overcome Conflicts
Communicate Understand Respect Learn Cooperate
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3.Difficult sentences
(4) … in the German, there is no such thing as being inside the room without being inside the zone of intrusion particularly if one looks at the other party, no matter how far away.
Saying ‘sorry’ not so often
Saying sorry only when one thinks something really matters
Saying sorry very often
Saying sorry even when something is really trivial
Unit 9 Cross-Cultural Communication
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What is intercultural communication?
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“In its most general sense, international communication occurs when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture. More precisely, international communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event” (O. Kovbasyuk)
跨文化交际上课内容(09-10下)09-10
Week 9&10Unit 6 Nonverbal Communication Questions for discussion:1.What is nonverbal communication?2.Is it possible to communicate without nonverbal means? Why or why not?3.What functions does our nonverbal behavior serve in communication?I.What is Nonverbal Communication?Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context. (L. A. Malandro, 1983)The messages sent without using words are called nonverbal communication.(i) Its features:1.It’s communication in which words orspeech sounds are not used.2.It conveys meaning.3.It involves such non-verbal dimensionsas facial expressions, touch, time, gestures, smile, eye behaviors, smell, intonation, etc.4.It’s a discipline studying non-verbalbehavior in communication.5.It’s first of all used to convey messagesto and receive messages from others.6.It’s a process of communication bymeans of non-verbal behaviors.7.It may convey messages alone or incombination with verbal behaviors.8.It occurs in a given context or situationand is interpreted in relation to that situation or context.(ii) Its significanceNonverbal behavior is a significant area of communication study for at least three reasons. ♦Nonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we get from conversations.♦Nonverbal behavior spontaneously reflects the subconsciousness. They are relatively free of distortions and deception.♦We cannot avoid communicating throughnonverbal signals.Besides, nonverbal behavior is significant because nonverbal communication can be open to many interpretations.(iii) Its functions (p 227-231):1.Repeating: People use nonverbalcommunication to repeat, clarify, and emphasize their point of view.plementing: Nonverbalcommunication cues can add to or complement a verbal message.3.Substituting: Nonverbal messages maysubstitute verbal ones in certain settings.4.Regulating: Nonverbal behaviors canhelp control verbal interactions by regulating them, such as turn-taking signals (hand raised) in conversations.5.Contradicting: Certain nonverbalbehaviors can contradict spoken words.E.g. Saying you are relaxed and at easewith quavering voices or shaking hands.(iv)❊Non-verbal communicationincludes: （Knapp, 1972）kinesics or body language, eye movement, facial expressions, proxemics and paralanguage.II.KinesicsKinesics, that is commonly called as body language, is the term used for communicating through various types of body movements including gestures, posture, touching, and other mannerisms that may accompany or replace oral messages.(i) Gestures: (p203-205)Gestures are an important component of non-verbal communication. This is mainly a matter of how we use our hands to convey a message. The language of the hands differs from country to country and a gesture which means one thing in one country may well mean something quite different to those living in another.1.Similarities:①Rubbing one’s thumb against one’sforefinger and middle finger—money inChinese and English.②Shaking one’s head—disagreement or disappointment.③Shaking hands when introduced or meeting together after a long time.2.Differences:①It’s me or I’m the one—touch or point toone’s nose by raised thumb.②Come here—extending a closed hand,palm up, with only the forefinger movingback and forth.③Shame on you—extending both hands,palms down, with forefingers stretchingout and one forefinger makes severalbrushing movements over the back of theother forefinger.④Hitchhiking—moving several time aclosed hand with an outstretched thumbopinion to the intended direction.(American method)—walking on the same side of theroad and in the same direction as thecar traffic, and extend the thumb ofyour roadside arm toward the front.(European method)⑤Kill oneself—raising one’s closed handto one’s head with the forefinger and the thumb stretching out and the forefinger pointing to the temple.⑥I’m full—an open hand, palm down,raised to ones throat⑦Good luck—crossing one’s forefingerand middle finger.⑧Stamping one’s foot—impatience.⑨Thumbing one’s nose (one thumb on thetip of one’s own nose with other finger s curled and moving together)—defiance and contempt.⑩W agging one’s forefinger (the forefinger of one hand is raised and wagged from side to side while other fingers are lasped)—warning.※more materials will be shown on PPT“Gesture”.Exercise p214(ii) Posture身势语:Posture, the way someone stands, sits, or walks, can send positive or negative nonverbal messages. Posture can signal agreement or disagreement. Appropriate posture is related to a person’s status in society. For example, the manager may stand erect when talking to subordinates, but the subordinates may drop their shoulders when talking to the manager.English speakers’, especially Americans’ postures are more casual than Chinese speakers’: ①sitting on a desk with both feet on another desk. ②Putting one’s feet on the writing table in a crowded office while sitting in an armchair. ③Making big strides while walking. ④Sitting on the grass or on the carpet (but never squatting in public).※In western conversation, the speaker who is standing is superior to the other who is sitting in ranks or status or ages. It is the opposite inChinese conversation. The junior or inferior one should stand and show his/her respect and subordinate to the senior or superior.(iii) Touching behavior: (p 210-212) Differences in touching behavior are highly correlated with culture. People in high contact cultures evaluate “close ”as positive and good, and evaluate “far” as negative and bad. People in low contact cultures evaluate “close ”as negative and bad, and evaluate “far” as positive and good1. handshaking2. embrace3. kiss(iv) artifacts or attireIII.E ye movement (p205-208)Eye contact is an important aspect of body language. One could draw up quite rules about eye contact: to look or not to look, when to look and how long to look, and who not to look at, etc. And these rules vary from culture to culture.When conversing with English speakers, we had better prolong eye contact with them. Look at the speaker directly in the eye while listening, and look away intermittently while speaking.Staring or gaping shows one’s curiosity or surprise in Chinese but impoliteness or embarrassment in English. A prolonged gaze or stare in the United States is considered rude. In other cultures such as Japan, Korea, and Thailand, staring is also considered rude. Inmost cultures, men do not stare at women. In France and Italy, however, men can stare at women in public. In the United States, staring at a person is considered a sign of interest and may even be interpreted as sexually suggestive.IV.Facial expressions:1. Read over the article (p208-210) and explain the different understanding of smiles at a stranger in these countries.Japan: either a sexual maniac or an impolite person.Korea: never talk or smile at strangers. Arab: something wrong with the stranger’s clothes or others.Vietnam: Americans are superficial for they smile too much. Nonverbal language, like a silence, a smile, a glance, has its own meaning.※Laughing: A native English speaker walking along the street suddenly stumble and fell. The Chinese persons who saw this laughed.※Smiling: Both Chinese and English speakers would smile when they meet friends, colleagues, classmates or acquaintances. But Americans tend to smile even to strangers to show friendliness. Even a girl may smile to a male stranger for no reason other than showing friendliness.2. Read case 22 on p216-217. What does laughing serve in the mentioned situation?V.Paralanguage (p201-203)We communicate with more than the words we speak. Effective speakers use vocal qualities to suggest different meanings from exactly the same words, like the manner of speech, intonation.VI.Some Nonverbal Patterns in the Black Culture (p218-221)1.rolling the eyes2.the reluctance to look another persondirectly in the eye3.limp stance4.Black walkVII.Silence in Western Apache Culture1.meeting strangers:2.courting3.children, coming home VIII.Case Analysis Case 20 (p214-215) Case 21 (p215-216) Case 22 (p216-217)。
跨文化商务沟通最新英文版教学课件第9章
• People of the U.S. excel at small talk; so do Canadians, Australians, the British, and the French.
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Verbal Expressions
• Examples of U.S. customs include eating turkey on Thanksgiving, starting presentations with a joke, and greeting people with “Hi!”
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 9 Business and Social Customs
Topics
• Verbal expressions • Male and female relationships • Humor in business • Superstitions and taboos • Dress and appearance • Customs associated with holidays and holy days • Office customs and practices • Customary demeanor/behavior • Bribery • Special foods and consumption taboos
跨文化交际(全套课件266P)程胡超版
White/Caucasian; Mongoloid/Asian; Negroid/Black; Australoid/Brown
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Why take Intercultural Communication?
People are different throughout the world, culturally, religiously, ideologically and racially, actually different in almost every aspect, therefore we are supposed to know about their differences as much as possible, just for a smooth communication among the Homo sapiens, the people in the global village. You will make it by coming to Intercultural Communication.
The interpreter gave the impression that he thought the elderly lady would collapse any minute if she doesn’t rest immediately.
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Comment
In the West, there is a value placed in being young that many people consciously, or subconsciously, are not willing to accept that they are growing old.
跨文化交际(全套课件266P)程胡超版
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The western way of showing concern is generally different from the Chinese way.
In China: Xiao Li (an interpreter): You must be very tired. You’re old… Catherine (an elderly American lady): Oh, I’m NOT old, and
Islam. Meaning being obedient; Muslims are those who are obedient. Quran.
Buddhism. Are you a Buddhist? Buddhists are taught to live for kindness rather than evils.
Intercultural Communication
A Practical Coursebook 跨文化交际实用教程
Culture is a Bபைடு நூலகம்idge.
Unit 1 An Introduction
Discussion
I. Why take Intercultural Communication?
Englishman: Not surprised, shrugged his shoulders, going away, without being troubled by nothing.
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German man: Made a mark within 100 meters on the ground, looking for the lost coin with a magnifying glass.
跨文化交际全部答案
跨文化交际全部答案(总30页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除参考资料Unit 1 Communication Across CulturesReading IIntercultural Communication：An Introduction Comprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that “everyone‟s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary worldThis is still powerful in today‘s social and political rhetoric. For instance, it is notuncommon intoday‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems arecaused by minorities and immigrants.2. What‟s the difference between today‟s intercultural contact and that of any time in the pastToday‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importancethan in anytime in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life todayNew technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere”Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communicationThe three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one‟s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in itThe family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in thatworld.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our cultureBecause language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning toPeople can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society existA free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changedMany things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a “global village” is likeAs our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a ―global village‖, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people maylive thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalizationTechnology, particularly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that “the …global‟m ay be more local than the …local‟”The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We may communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be more informed of the international events than of the local events. In this sense, ―the ‗global‘ may be more local than the ‗local‘‖.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the worldEffective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firms have to meet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in theglobal market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures, a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-culturaldifferences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world areconfronted withCountries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case ofMichael FayThis case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability to understand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towardsglobalizationGlobalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutions exist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.Translation纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。