初中英语句子成分及句子种类

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初中英语句子成分讲解简单明了附练习答案(精品)

初中英语句子成分讲解简单明了附练习答案(精品)

初中英语句子成分一.句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。

主要成分:主语和谓语句子的成分次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等(一)主语:主语是一个句子的主要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。

一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。

注意:在there be结构、疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语动词、助动词例如:Tom is a good boy. (名词)We often speak English in class. (代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式)Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词)The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式)(二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

谓语的构成如下:1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

例如:I like apples. ( 动词)He practices running every morning. (动词短语)2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成;例如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由(系动词+表语)构成。

初中英语语法句子成分-英语中的句子成分

初中英语语法句子成分-英语中的句子成分

初中英语语法句子成分-英语中的句子成分句子成分精讲句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分:主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。

主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。

The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike.代词做主语Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。

分析句子的主语和谓语Mr. Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面。

名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。

Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to have a robot.常见的系动词1. be动词2. 与感觉有关的动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得” “变成” 如get, grow, turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。

初中英语语法句子成分

初中英语语法句子成分

初中英语语法句子成分主语:主语是一个句子的主体,一般位于句首。

名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句(名词性从句里会细讲主语从句)等均可作主语。

*Alight wind disturbed the surface of the water.微风使水面泛起涟漪(名词短语作主语)*Nobodycan help you except yourself. 除了你自己没人能帮你。

(代词作主语)*Two-thirdsof them can play more than two musical instruments.他们中三分之二会演奏两种以上乐器。

(数词做主语)*Therich are not always happier than the poor. 有钱人并不一定比穷人快乐。

(名词化的形容词作主语,注意the+形容词表一类人,谓语用复数。

主谓一致会详细讲解)*Togo to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.早睡早起是一种好习惯。

(不定式短语作主语,“To go to bed earlyand to get up early 早睡早起”表示同一概念,谓语用单数。

)*Travellingabroad is popular these years. 近年来出国旅游很流行。

(动词-ing形式短语作主语)*Wheneveryou come will be fine. 你无论何时来都可以。

(从句作主语)谓语:用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般位于主语之后,由动词或动词短语充当,且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。

(详细参考“主语与动词”笔记)*Lindaworked for the company for two years.*Theold man must be sent to hospital at once.*Ihave tried this way three times.*Whathappened last night?*Iwould like to invite all my friends here.*Ourschool becomes more beautiful.宾语:1. 定义:宾语是动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词之后。

句子成分和句子种类

句子成分和句子种类

4. There ______ two pictures and a map of China on the wall.
A. are B. has C. have D. is
5. Neither he nor I _______ going to the park. A. be B. is C. are D. am
What _d__id__ Ann ___d_o__ last year?
c. 常见疑问词(组):what, what+名词 (如: what colour, what grade等), when, why, where,who (whom), which, whose, how, how+形容词/ 副词 (如: how long, how far, how often, how soon 等)。要注意以上各种疑问词(组)的用法。
(二)突破方法 1、掌握陈述句的肯定式、否定式和除no, not以外的
表示否定意义的词。 2、注意疑问词的意思和用法,重点掌握反意疑问句。 3、掌握否定祈使句,let开头的祈使句,加强语气的
祈使句。 4、掌握what和how引导的感叹句和一些特殊形式。
【知识清单】 初中生需要掌握的句子种类
肯定句 1、陈述句
[例1] They had lots of friends in China.
They _d_id_n_’_t have _m__a_n_y_ friends in China.
[例2] I could dance and sing when I was five
years old.
I _c_o_u_l_d_n_’t_ dance ___o_r__ sing when I was

初中英语句子成分结构

初中英语句子成分结构

初中英语句子成分结构
句子的成分结构包括以下几个部分:
1. 主语(Subject):句子中进行动作或被动作用的人或事物。

例如:John is studying English.(John是主语)
2. 谓语(Predicate):句子中描述主语动作、状态或存在的部分。

例如:They are playing soccer.(are playing是谓语)
3. 宾语(Object):句子中受到动作影响或动作的承受者。

例如:She bought a book.(a book是宾语)
例如:He is a teacher.(a teacher是补语)
5. 状语(Adverbial):句子中用来修饰动作、地点、时间、方式等的部分。

例如:He runs quickly.(quickly是状语)
6. 定语(Attributive):句子中用来修饰主语或宾语的部分。

例如:The tall boy is my brother.(the tall boy是定语)
7. 系动词(Linking verb):句子中连接主语和主语补语的动词。

例如:She is happy.(is是系动词)
8. 助动词(Auxiliary verb):句子中用来辅助构成各种时态、语态等的词。

例如:He is going to the park.(is是助动词)
9. 独立结构(Independent structure):句子中与其他成分无从属关系的结构。

例如:Yes, I will.(Yes是独立结构)
以上是句子的基本成分,不同句子可能会有不同的成分结构,句子的复杂程度也会影响成分的数量和种类。

初中英语语法——句子成分

初中英语语法——句子成分

初中英语语法——句子成分一、句子成分精讲句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分:主语与谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述得对象。

主语得位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词得词、短语等充当。

The schoolis far from here、名词做主语She goesto schoolby bike、代词做主语Eightis alucky number。

数词做主语Theblindneedmore help。

名词化得形容词做主语There isapen on the desk、名词做主语Predicting the futureis interesting。

动名词做主语Tobe a doctor is my dream、不定式短语做主语2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)得动作与存在得状态.英语中由动词be、动词have与行为动词来充当谓语动词句子得时态与语态就是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上得助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。

分析句子得主语与谓语Mr。

Li teaches English、Hecan play the piano。

My parentsandIare having dinner.3、表语用来说明主语得身份、特征、性质、状态、表语得位置用在动词be与系动词得后面。

名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。

Your pen ison thedesk。

He gotvery angry.My dream istohave a robot、常见得系动词1。

be动词2、与感觉有关得动词look, sound, smell,taste, feel 等3。

表示状态变化得动词,意为“变得" “变成” 如get,grow, turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词、4、宾语就是动作得对象或承受者、及物动词必须跟宾语。

初中英语句子成分讲解简单明了附练习答案

初中英语句子成分讲解简单明了附练习答案

初中英语句子成分一.句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。

主要成分:主语和谓语句子的成分次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等(一)主语:主语是一个句子的主要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,Subject表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。

一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。

注意:在there be结构、疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。

例如:T om is a good boy.(名词)W e o ften speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)T o swim in the river is a gr eat pleasure.(不定式)Smoking do e s harm t o the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化形容词)When we are going to have an English test has no t been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式)(二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

说明主语“做什么”、Predicate“是什么”或“怎么样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

谓语的构成如下:1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

例如:I like apples.(动词)He practices running every morning.(动词短语)2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成;例如:Y ou may k eep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由(系动词+表语)构成。

初中英语 句子的基本结构

初中英语 句子的基本结构

句子的基本结构一、句子基本成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。

1、主语:句子的主体,全句述说的对象。

一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当,位于句首。

The boy needs a pen; Smoking is bad for you.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真主语为后不定式)2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

由动词或系动词加表语担任,常置于主语后。

The train leaves at 6 o’clock; She is reading.1)简单谓语: We study for the people.2)复合谓语: I can speak a little English. We are reading books.He has gone to Beijing.3、宾语:表示动作的对象,跟在及物动词之后。

一般由名词或代词担当,常置于谓语后。

He won the game. He likes playing computer.1)双宾语:有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

He gave me some ink.2)宾语补足语:有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。

如: We make him our monito r(班长).4、表语:用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。

一般由名词或形容词担任,置系动词之后;或代词数词不定式动名词介词短语等。

He is a student. We are tired.Is it yours?(代词)His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)His job is to teach English.(不定式)The ruler must be in your box.(介词短语) The class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)注意:除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

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句子成分与句子种类句子是由各种词类按照一定的语法规则组成的,可以表达完整的概念。

句子开头第一个字母一定要大写,结尾要注明标点符号。

一、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。

句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

其中主语和谓语是句子的主体,表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分,其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。

1 主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句担任。

主语要放在句首。

To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事,做是另一回事。

(不定式作主语)What you said hurt me badly. 你所说的话深深地刺伤了我。

(从句作主语)2 谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用,必须用动词表示。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致,通常在主语之后。

谓语通常有三个表现形式:(1)动词或动词短语作谓语He studies hard. 他学习很努力。

The performance has already begun.演出已经开始。

(2)谓语动词和宾语及宾语补语作谓语They are picking apples. 他们正在摘苹果。

He made us laugh heavily.他使我们大笑不止。

(3)连系动词和表语作谓语Her mother is an inspector. 她的母亲是一位检查官。

It is getting dark. 天色渐渐地黑了下来。

He is feeling well. 他现在感觉身体很好。

句子成分巧划分:主在前,谓在中,宾语、状语后面冲。

短语定语主宾后,形、代定语主宾前。

间宾直宾紧相依,直、间之间to、for连,宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。

3 表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态,可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词和不定式以及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任,表语要放在连系动词之后。

Her job is to wash all the sheets and the clothes. 她的工作是洗这些床单和衣服。

(不定式作表语) Teaching is learning. 教学相长。

(动名词作表语)4 宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语及从句都可以担任作宾语。

宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

Do you enjoy living here? 你愿意住在这里吗? (动名词作宾语)I want only one. 我只要一个。

(数词作宾语)I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。

(从句作宾语)注意:①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语),直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。

这一类动词有:bring, give, pass, tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay等。

She showed me a few magazines. 她拿出了一些杂志给我看。

I promised her a wonderful present on her birthday .我答应在她生日那天给她一件奇妙的礼物。

②在需要的情况下,间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后,但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词。

She made me a sweater. (She made a sweater for me.) 她给我织了一件毛衣。

He left her three children. (He left three children to her) 他给她留下三个孩子。

③有些及物动词的后面,其宾语还需要有一个补足语,才能表达完整的意思。

这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。

名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。

The couple named the baby Mary.(名词作宾补) 这对夫妻给孩子取名叫玛丽。

He made her unhappy. 他使她很不高兴。

(形容词作宾补)“Let me out!” The boy cried. “让我出去!”那男孩喊道。

(副词作宾补)She saw a man in front of the gate. 她看见门外有一个男人。

(介词短语作宾补)She often helps me do the housework. 她经常帮助我做家务。

(不定式作宾补)I kept you waiting for half an hour. 我让你等了半个小时。

(动名词作宾补)5 状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。

其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。

She drove fast.(副词作状语) 她把车开得飞快。

There is a shelter under the post office.在邮局的地底下,有一个掩蔽所。

(介词短语作状语)To liberate our country, they devoted their lives.为了解放祖国,他们献出了生命。

(不定式短语作状语)Seeing his old mother, the man went towards her and threw himself on his knees.那人一看见年迈的母亲就跑上前去跪倒在她面前。

(分词短语作状语)It was blowing hard when she was on her way home yesterday.昨天她回家的路上,风刮得正大。

(从句作状语)6 定语定语用于修饰名词或代词。

可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。

定语的位置很灵活,凡有名词和代词的地方都可以有定语。

The man outside the teacher's office is his father.办公室外面的那人是他的父亲。

(介词短语作定语) I'll have a lot of clothes to wash this Saturday. 这个星期六我要洗好多衣服。

(不定式作定语)Will you say something about your travelling experience? (动名词作定语)The woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt.(从句作定语)正在台上演唱的那女人是她姑姑。

二、句子的种类(一)、简单句简单句只包含一个主谓结构,并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成,不包含任何从句。

有五种基本句型。

1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)The new term begins. 新学期开始了。

2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语The girl is learning to play the piano. 这个女孩在学弹钢琴。

3.主语+连系动词+表语The rice got burned。

饭焖煳了。

4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。

5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补语We all believed you honest. 我们都认为你是诚实的。

二、并列句(简单句+连词+简单句)并列句是由两个或多个简单句连接而成的。

其中的各个简单句并列平行,同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,能够独立成句。

它们之间要用连词连接。

并列句可分为四种:1.表示相同关系用连词或逗号、分号连接构成并列句。

常用连词有:and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...Susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high. 苏姗不但跑得快,而且跳得高。

I could neither swim nor skate. 我既不会游泳,也不会滑冰。

2.表示转折关系常用连词有:but, still, yet, while等。

It was late at night, but he went on doing his homework.夜已深了,但是他还在继续做作业。

She was busy cooking while they were watching TV.她忙着做饭,而他们却在看电视。

The film is not perfect, still, it's good.这部影片虽然不是无可挑剔,但还是好的。

3.表示选择关系常用连词为:or, either...or...。

The teacher wanted to see either his father or mother.老师要见一下他的父亲或是母亲。

Either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital.这条路或那条路都通往那家医院。

Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.4.表示因果关系常用连词有for和so。

We hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train to leave.我们急忙赶往车站,因为火车很快就要开了。

The teacher asked Susan to go, so she went( did).老师让苏姗到她那去,因此她就去了。

三、复合句(主句+连词+从句)包含一个主句,一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。

从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一成分,如主语,表语,宾语,定语,状语等。

中考主要考宾语、定语、状语从句。

注意引导词、语序和时态。

巩固练习同义句转换1.There is only a chair in the room.(同义句转换)There is _________ _________a chair in the room..2. Mrs.Smith is busy. She is doing her housework now.Mrs.Smith is_________ _________ her housework now.3.The teacher said,“Don’t cheat in exams,children!”The teacher told the children _________ _________ cheat in exams.4.Nick was so tired that he couldn’t walk any further. 全品中考网Nick was _____________________________ any further.5.We can’t finish the project on time unless you support us.The project can’t be finished on time ______________________________.6.Shall we watch the exciting ping-pong match together?______________________________watch the exciting ping-pong match together?7.My cousin usually walks to school every morning. (改为同义句)My cousin usually goes to school _________ _________ every morning.8.The boy next to Li Lei is my friend.(对划线部分提问)__________ _________is your friend?9. “Are you going to visit Zi Gong next Week?”Father asked me.(改为间接引语)Father asked me __________I________going to visit Zi Gong next week.10.We used to stay in a hotel by the sea on family holidays.(对划线部分提问)___________ _________you use to stay on family holidays?11.James spent ten years making this amazing film(保持句意基本不变)__________ _________James ten years to make this amazing film.12.Chris has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.Karen has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup, too. (合并为一句)_________Chris _________Karen have gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.13.Visitors love this city because it has historical sights and delicious food.(改为简单句)Visitors love this city__________ _________its historical sights and delicious food.14. It is about four and a half hours from Fukang to Ununqi by bus. (对划线部分提问)___________________from Fukang to Unmnqi by bus?15.This new computer belongs to Daniel. (对划线部分提问)_______________this new computer __________________?16、不同句子结构的转换,主要指简单句、并列句和复合句间的转换1)We found him a good pupil. We found _______ ______ _______ a good pupil.2)The room is so small that my family can't live in it.The room isn't ______ _______ ____ my family ___ live in.The room is ______ small ________ my family _______ live in.3)His grandfather died ten years ago. It ____ ten years ___ his grandfather ______ .4)I'm not sure what I should do next. I'm not sure _____ ___ ____ next.5)Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. ___ you ___ hurry up, you'll miss the train.17、根据句意的转换1) Yesterday everyone of us went to the farm except Lucy.________ Lucy _______ go to the farm with us yesterday.2)Sam is friendly to his classmates and his classmates are friendly to him.Sam _______ ______ well with his classmates.3)Lily was born ten minutes earlier than I was. I am ten minutes _______ than Lily.4)English is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.English _____ the largest number of ________ in the world.5)It's your turn to do it. It's _____ ____ you to do it.6) It rained heavily last night. There ______ _____ _____ last night.7) The building is beautiful and there are many tall trees around it.The building _____ many tall trees all _______ is beautiful.8) I spent two hours reading the book yesterday._____ ______ me two hours ______ _____ the book yesterday.9) He bought the book two weeks ago. He _____ _____ the book ____ two weeks.10) You're very kind to help me with my maths.___ __ very kind ___ you ___ help me with my maths.11) My grandfather died ten years ago.My grandfather ______ ______ ______ ______ ten years ago.12) I think it is different from Chinese names. I don't think it is _____ _____ as Chinese names.13) They planted millions of trees to save the farmland.They planted millions of trees _____ _____ the farmland _____ ____ saved.14)Spring goes on from March to May. Spring _______ from March ________ May.15)The man thinks the same as I. The man ______ ______ me.教学拓展由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分,按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型:(句子成分的表示方法:S: Subject主语;V: Verb动词;O: Object宾语;P: Predica tive表语;OC: Object Complement宾语补足语;InO: Indirect Object间接宾语;DO:Direct Object 直接宾语) 第一种:S+V(主语+谓语动词) The boy sleeps. 孩子睡了。

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