05语法第五章

A.that B.whom C.from whom D.to whom
turn to sb. for help
第三节状语从句
状语从句：在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一成分的从句。
1.时间状语：when,while,after,before,since,as…
2.地点状语：where,wherever
9.让步状语：although/even if
门铃响的时候我正在吃饭。
Iwas havingmy lunchwhenthe doorbell rang.
你无论去哪，我都会跟随你。
Iwill followyouwhereveryou go.
我很着急，因为一直没收到你的来信。
I was worriedbecauseIhadn’t been receivingyour letter.
although用于连词作用+句子，though用于介词作用+名词或短语
Althoughshe was very tired,she went on working.
Busyashe was,he tired his best to help you.
A.that you talked B.you talked about it C.which you talked with D.you talked about
talk with sb. about sth.
In the dark street,there wasn’t a single personDshe could turn for help.
完全否定，不存在是否
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,which,of course,made the others unhappy.
Asis known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
People live longer.
His daughter,who is in Boston now,is coming home next week.
His daughter is coming home next week.
限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限定性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。
as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装语序。
尽管他是个孩子，……
Although he is a child,
Child as he is,
第四节综合训练
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small townwhere/in whichhe grew up as a child.
Itis not knownwhere she has gone.
形式主语主语
常见形式主语it句式：
It is saidthat…据说……
It is believedthat…人们相信……
It is generally thoughtthat…人们普遍认为……
It is well-knownthat…众所周知……
There wasnothingthatinterestedhim at the car show.
That’sallthatIknow.
在something，everything，nothing，all，little等不定代词后，只用that，不用which。
他们已经制定了一个计划，这会是个好计划。
It issobigaboxthatnobody can move it.so修饰形容词
尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。
Although I respect him much,I can’t agree to his proposal.
although引导的让步状语从句只能用陈述语序。
Much as I respect him,I can’t agree to his proposal.
3.原因状语：because,since,as,for…
4.条件状语：if,unless
5.目的状语：so that,in order that…
6.结果状语：so…that…,such…that…
7.比较状语：than,as…as…,not so…as…
8.方式状语：as if/as though
This is the shelfwhere/on whichI keep my books.
The manwith whomI share the room is a teacher.双宾share sth. with sb.介词+宾语
Can you lend me the bookDthe other day?My mother wants to read it.
The reason iswhyI have to goisthatmy mother is ill in bed.why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句
WhatI can’t understand iswhyshe wants to change her mind.
What引导主语从句，why引导表语从句what仅出现于名词性从句
when,where,why,how,etc.时间、地点、原因、方式
where,when,what,that,if,which…
他们什么时候开始还没有确定。
Whenthey will starthas not been decided. when引导的主语从句
她去哪了还不知道。
Whereshe has gone is not know.
他问我是否认识他的父亲。
He asked mewhetherI knew his father.（双宾结构）宾语从句
我们得到消息，说我们队赢了。
We got the newsthatour team had won. that引导同位语从句（解释说明前面名词内容的从句）
考题：
The problem isthatit may take time for new plans to become true.that引导表语从句
He livedin the apartment10 years ago.
地点状语
动词+宾语
动词+介词+宾语谓语动词是否及物
介词后面不能加that，指人用whom，指物用which。
关系副词when，why，where等于介词+which
限定性与非限定性定语从句的区别
People who take physical exercise live longer.
人/物物人人
↓↓↓
从句中的角色：主/宾宾定
关系代词在从句中充当宾语的，无论指人还是指物，都可以省略。
注：省略只存在于宾语情况。
关系副词：when,where,why
时间地点原因→状语
The man(whom/who/that)we saw in the street is her uncle.
宾语
The manwho/thattold me the news refused to tell me his name.
第一节名词性从句
主从复合句
主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补、同位语
主从、宾从、表从、同位从、定从、状从形合（英）/意合（中）
名词性从句①②③
引导名词性从句的连接词：
that,whether,if是否用whether；如果用if
who,whom,whose+名词（人/物）不翻译成谁/谁的，翻译成某人
what,which
it为形式主语that+主语从句that引导主语从句和同位语从句时一般不省略
这就是他出生的地方。
This iswherehe was born.where引导表语从句
我希望明天你能来。
I hopethatyou can come tomorrow. that引导宾语从句，引导宾语从句的that可省略
如果明天天气好，我们就到乡下去。
Ifit is fine tomorrow,wewill goto the countryside.主将从现
我可以走的比你跑的还要快。
I can walkfaster thanyou can run.
这个箱子太大了，没人能搬动它。
It issucha big boxthatnobody can move it. such修饰名词
They have worked out aplan,whichcould be a good plan.
对前面某个先行词、或者对整个主句进行解释、补充、说明的从句，为非限定性定语从句。
在非限定定语从句中，不能出现that。
That is the apartmentwhere/in whichhe lived 10 years ago.
4.介词后面一定不用that，指人用whom，指物用which。
第二节定语从句（下）
They work in a factorywhere/in whichradio parts are made.
The professor introduced me to his students,mostofwhomwere from abroad.
引导宾语从句的“是否”可以用whether或if，除此之外，引导主语从句或介词之后的都只能用whether。
Shanghai has taken on a new look.It isn’tlikewhatit used to be.