词汇学论文
英语词汇学论文开题报告
英语词汇学论文开题报告一、选题背景随着全球化时代的到来，英语作为国际通用语言，其地位日益凸显。
在我国，英语学习已成为从基础教育到高等教育的重要课程。
词汇是英语学习的基础，英语词汇量的积累和理解程度直接影响到英语听说读写译等技能的提高。
然而，目前我国英语词汇教学仍存在一定的问题，如教学方式单一、词汇记忆方法缺乏科学性等。
因此，研究英语词汇学，探讨更有效的词汇教学方法，对提高我国英语教育质量具有重要意义。
二、选题目的本论文旨在通过对英语词汇学的研究，分析现有词汇教学方法的优缺点，探索适合我国英语学习者的词汇教学方法，以促进英语词汇学习效果的提高。
三、研究意义1、理论意义（1）通过对英语词汇学的研究，有助于丰富我国英语词汇教学的理论体系，为英语教师提供理论支持。
（2）总结和归纳现有词汇教学方法的优缺点，为英语词汇教学改革提供参考。
2、实践意义（1）为我国英语学习者提供科学、高效的词汇学习方法，提高词汇学习效果。
（2）帮助英语教师改进教学方法，提高教学质量，为培养具备较高英语水平的人才奠定基础。
（3）有助于提高我国英语教育整体水平，满足社会对英语人才的需求，促进国际交流与合作。
四、国内外研究现状1、国外研究现状在国际范围内，英语词汇学的研究已经取得了丰富的成果。
许多研究者从不同角度对词汇学习进行了探讨。
例如，Nation（2001）提出了词汇习得的四大要素：词汇量、词汇深度、词汇用法和词汇联想。
此外，国外研究者还关注词汇教学策略的探讨，如Cohen（1990）的词汇教学策略分类，以及Nation （2003）的词汇教学大纲设计。
同时，随着认知心理学的发展，研究者们开始关注词汇记忆的心理机制，如Baddeley（1990）的工作记忆模型，为词汇学习提供了新的理论视角。
国外学者还广泛研究了词汇附带习得（incidental vocabulary learning），即学习者在进行其他语言活动时，不经意间习得词汇的现象。
Lexicology and My English Study 英语词汇学论文
Lexicology and My English StudyI. What Is Lexicology?The term lexicology was borrowed from the French word lexicology, which contains two morphemes: one is Greek lexicology, meaning ‘workbook’ or ‘vocabulary;’ the other is French logie, meaning ‘the study or science of.’ So the literal meaning of the term is ‘the science of words.’The term first appeared in the 1820s, though there were lexicologists in essence before the term was coined. Computational lexicology as a related field (in the same way that computational linguistics is related to linguistics) deals with the computational study of dictionaries and their contents. An allied science to lexicology is lexicography, which also studies words in relation with dictionaries – it is actually concerned with the inclusion of words in dictionaries and from that perspective with the whole lexicon. Therefore lexicography is the theory and practice of composing dictionaries. Sometimes lexicography is considered to be a part or a branch of lexicology, but the two disciplines should not be mistaken: only lexicologists who do write dictionaries are lexicographers. It is said that lexicography is the practical lexicology; it is practically oriented though it has its own theory, while the pure lexicology is mainly theoretical.Comprehensively speaking, lexicology is the branch of linguisticsconcerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. In short, it is the study of the signification and application of words.Ⅱ. Aims and Significance of LexicologyThe aim of the term lexicology is to give a systematic description of the English vocabulary. Concretely speaking, English lexicology offers students an insight into the origin and development of the English vocabulary. It deals with meanings of Modern English words and their changes in the course of historical development. It discusses the problems of word-structure and word-formation in English, including the formation of new words which have appeared since the 1960s. It also it also studies the use of English words, phrases and idioms.The significance of lexicology for language learning is also evident. The term will help the learners to enlarge their vocabulary and improve their ability to analyze and use English words. For instance, the study of new words, synonyms, figures of speech, etc. will arouse the interest of the learners on the one hand, and enhance their ability to choose the correct and expressive words in writing and speech on the other hand.Language learning requires practice. Practice makes perfect. Without practice there would be no theory. English lexicology as a theory of Modern English may be useful in vocabulary study because it derivesfrom practice and should guide practice. Students will use the basic knowledge of English lexicology to understand the material already familiar to them from English classes, and apply it in their further study of English.Ⅲ. Language, Linguistics and LexicologyBriefly speaking, lexicology deals with words. Words are the foundation and core of language. We know that without words, there would be no language, while without language, there would be no linguistics. Therefore, words, that is, lexicology, language and linguistics are very closely interrelated with one another. Before studying lexicology, we should learn about what language is and what linguistics is.Ⅳ. The Connection of Lexicology with phonetics and grammar and stylistics1) With phonetics:Phonetics is the study and systematic classification of the sounds made in spoken utterance, that is, the study of speech sounds. It is closely related to lexicology.Without sound there is no word because every word is unity of sound and meaning.2) With grammar:V ocabulary and grammar are organically related to one another. In learning a language, attention to grammar is as important as attention tovocabulary. Joseph Stalin pointed out that the vocabulary is the building material of a language. The vocabulary of a language assumes tremendous importance when it comes under the control of grammar, which is concerned with the modification in front of words and the combination of words into sentences.3) With stylistics:Stylistics is “the study of optional variations in the sounds, forms, or vocabulary of a language as characteristic of different uses of language, different situations of use, or different literary typ es.” Lexicology studies stylistics variants on the basis of meanings of words and their changes: synonyms, antonyms, figures of speech, etc.Stylistics is concerned with language variety differing according to use rather than user. The same user may use different varieties for different purposes, different situations, in conversation with different people, to produce different effects. The same subject matter can be expressed in different styles.Ⅴ. Two Approaches of the study of LexicologyThere are two main approaches to the study of lexicology, that is, synchronic and diachronic.The term synchronic means describing a language as it exists at one point of time. The term diachronic means concerned with historical development of a language.A synchronic approach is an approach to the study of a language at one period of time, whereas a diachronic approach is an approach to the study of the change in a language that took place over a period of time. Ⅵ. The Division of the History of the EnglishThe history of the English language is divided into three periods.1) The period from 450 to 1150 is known as the Old English or Anglo-Saxon period. It is described as the period of full inflections, since during most of this period the case endings of the noun, the adjective, and the conjugation of the verb were not weakened.2) The period from 1150 to 1500 is known as the Middle English period. During this period the inflections, which had begun to break down towards the end of the Old English period, became greatly reduced, and it is known as the period of the leveled inflections.3) The period from 1500 to the present day is called the Modern English period. A large part of the original inflectional system has disappeared, and it is known as the period of lost inflections.Ⅶ. The Main Processes of English Word-formationThere are four main types of word-formation in English:1) Prefixation:Affixation includes prefixation and suffixation. Affixation is the morphological process whereby grammatical or lexical information is added to the base.Affixation has played an active part in the course of the development of the English language. It is not only an age-old, but also a productive method in English word-building.What is prefixation?Prefixation is a main type of word-formation putting a prefix in front of the base, sometimes with, but more usually without a change of word class, e.g. dislike (dis + like).2) Suffixation:Suffixation is a main type of word-formation, putting a suffix after the base, sometimes without, but more usually with a change of word class, e.g. frankness (frank + ness)The primary function of prefixes is to effect a semantic modification of the base, and the chief function of suffixes is to change the word class of the base, although suffixes have only a small semantic role. Therefore suffixes may be classified into four categories according to the word class.3) Conversion:Conversion (or full conversion) is a main type of word-formation assigning the base to a different word class with no change of form. For example, the verb release is converted to the noun release.In the English language conversion is unusually prominent as a word-formation process. Of course, conversion, like other main types ofword-formation, is treat as a process now available for extending the lexical resources of the English language.There are two kinds of conversion: full conversion and partial conversion.4) Compounding：Compounding is a main type of word-formation adding one base to another, such that usually the one placed in front in some sense subcategorizes the one that follows, e.g. blackbird, etc.Compounding can occur not only in the three major word classes, nouns and, to lesser extent, adjectives, and, to least extent, verbs but also in other word classes: prepositions, such as into, within, by means of, instead of, etc. pronouns, such as each other, one another, anybody, someone, herself, itself, etc. and adverbs, such as headlong, somehow, somewhere, upside down, inside out, etc.A compound is a lexical until consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Compounds usually comprise two bases only, however internally complex each may be.Ⅷ. English IdiomsIdioms are very important and extremely interesting part of language. They are commonly used in all styles of language: informal and formal, spoken and written. If we can understand and use idioms correctly, ourlanguage skills increase constantly. One important problem our students have with idioms is how we understand them in our daily study.The best way to understand an idiom is to see it in context. Let us give an example below.If someone says: This ti n opener’s driving me round the bend! I think I’ll throw it away and get a new one. Then the context and common sense tells us that drive round the bend refers to something different from driving a car round a curve in the road. So the context points out that the tin opener is not working properly and that it’s having an effect on the person using it.Drive or send sb. round the bend is an idiom used as an informal style meaning ‘to make someone very bored or very angry.’Ⅸ. British and American EnglishGrammatical differences between British and American English are few. The more noticeable differences are phonetic and especially lexical. It does not seem likely that distinctions between British English and American English will become more extensive. On the contrary, as the modes of communication have improved, the tendency is towards uniformity and better understanding between the people of the two countries.But why does American English differ from British English?There are two reasons for this.Firstly, British English itself changed in the course of time. All languages change as time passes. English is no exception. That is why Chaucer’s English is different from Shakespeare’s English, and why Shakespeare’s English is different from contemporary Engli sh.Take the following English word borrowed from Latin and Greek for example.Such words as apparatus, complex, focus, maximum, minimum, series, etc. appeared in English only after the year 1600.In the past fifty years British English has adopted a great number of words that originated in American English.Words like cafeteria, highlight, hotrod, OK, etc. are example.Secondly, American English has acquired a character of its own. It reflects the growth, development and history of American society.In the earliest period a number of words denoting places, plants, animals, tools, and customs which existed in America were added to the English language, e.g.Hickory—a type of tree of North America which provides hard wood and bears nuts.Moose—a type of large deer, with very large flat horns, that lives in the northern pert of America.The above-mentioned words belong to American English and were borrowed from American Indian languages.After the American Independence a number of words related to institutions appeared, e.g. assembly, congress, president, representative, vice-president, etc.Strictly speaking, British English is the English spoken by the great majority of educated people in South and Southeast England, especially in London and its vicinity. BrE or BE is shot for British English. American English is General American spoken by the great majority of the American people. AmE or AE is short for American English.References:I.Chengzhang Lin﹠Shiping Liu An Introduction To EnglishLexicology, WuHan University Press FourthII.Wikipedia。
2021小学英语词汇教学论文(优选论文6篇)范文1
2021小学英语词汇教学论文（优选论文6篇）范文 词汇学习是英语学习的中心任务,离开了词汇,听,说,读,写,译这些语言技能将无法立足。
没有一定的词汇量,则无法运用我们所学的句法结构进行有效的交际。
下面是搜素整理的小学英语词汇教学论文，以供参考。
小学英语词汇教学论文第一篇：小学生英语词汇学习中思维导图的运用 摘要：目前,小学英语词汇教学存在成效不显着的问题,不少学生学了词汇后,不知词义,不会书写,不能发声。
思维导图将抽象的思维变成可画、可看、可循的轨迹图,打开了英语词汇教学改革的大门,是教师提高词汇教学效果行之有效的工具。
教师可参照我国学者贾彦德提出的同义义场、反义义场、语义场词汇的分类引导学生绘制思维导图,并在课堂教学中设置情境,在情境中赋予词汇具体意义。
关键词：思维导图;语义场; 词汇教学; 小学英语; 一、问题提出与现状分析 威尔金斯认为,“没有语法,表达甚微;没有词汇,表达为零”。
词汇在语言教学中具有极其重要的作用。
然而,实际上词汇就像是一头拦路虎,成为教师和学生心中共同的“痛”,教师苦于词汇难教,学生抱怨词汇难记。
笔者就小学英语词汇教学情况开展了问卷调查,数据统计发现,87%的教师认为学生在课堂中对所学词汇的掌握情况一般,3%的教师认为效果不好,仅有10%的教师认为学生掌握速度较快。
那么,学生识记词汇时面临的主要问题在什么地方呢85%的教师认为是词义学习,81%的教师认为是词汇拼写,75%的教师认为是词汇读音。
从以上数据可以看出,小学英语课堂中的词汇教学成效不显着,不少学生学了词汇后,不知词义,不会书写,不能发声。
究其原因,主要包括如下几个方面: 第一,学生学习主动性不强。
在问卷调查中,认为学生不愿意主动学词汇的教师占比高达88%,表明在课堂中学生学习词汇的主动性不强,对词汇学习缺乏兴趣,学习非常被动。
小学阶段的学生活泼、好动、可塑性强,这就需要教师找到符合学生天性的方法,充分激发出学生的学习兴趣,营造好学、乐学的学习氛围。
英语词汇学论文-构词法
Abstract词汇是我们在英语学习过程中最大的障碍。
然而，英语构词法能够帮助我们很好的辨别并正确理解英语，同时也可以在短时间内增加我们的词汇量，英语构词法是学习英语的有效途径和强有力的“武器”，在所有的英语构词法中，词缀法能够生成的新单词是最多的也是最广泛，它被认为英语学习的最佳途径之一。
除了词缀发以外，复合法、转类法、混成法、截短法、首字母拼音法、逆向构词法也都是英语学习的有效途径V ocabulary is one of the main obstacles of English study. However English word formation can help us recognize English words, understand them correctly, and enlarge our vocabulary quickly. It is an efficient way and powerful weapon for English study. Among them，affixation is the strongest one to form a great range of vocabulary, and it is claimed to be one of the best ways of learning English. Besides, compounding, conversion, blending, clipping, acronyms, back-formation are also efficient ways of learning English. In the paper the ways and characteristics of word formation is analyzed form these aspects: affixation, compounding, conversion, blending.Key words: English, lexicology, word formation, affixation（关键字：英语、词汇学，构词法，词缀法）IntroductionThe expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation. There is a variety of means being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion. Talking about word formation patterns means dealing with rules. But not all words which are produced by applying the rule are acceptable. The acceptability is gained only when the word have gained an institutional currency in the language. Therefore rules only provide a constant set of models from which new word are created from day to day. Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain extent. For instance, affixes and compounding processes may become productive at one time or lose their productivity. By word formation processes, we concentrate on productive or on productive rules. While applying the rules, we should keep in mind that there are always exceptions. In my opinion, the most important principle for all these rules of word formation is economy.Chapter 1 the function of English word formation1.1 Word formation is an effective way to enlarge our English vocabulary.Nowadays, more and more people have taken notice of learning English. The number of the people who begin to learn English has increased at a high speed. How can we improve our English effectively is undoubtedly the focus of our attention. Generally speaking, vocabulary and grammatical rules are keys to learning Englishwell. Among the two aspects, vocabulary apparently plays a more important role.V ocabulary is the foundation of language. If a language learner doesn‟t have enough vocabulary to express his or her opinions and understand other people, even if his or her grammatical rules and pronunciations are excellent, but he can not communicate with others well, he shouldn‟t be a good language learner.Under the influence of traditional teaching mode, teachers often emphasis more on grammatical rules and pronunciations than vocabulary. As a result, students spend a lot of time on remembering new words, but the results are not so efficient. However if we have a knowledge of English word formation, the results will be not that bad. Word formation is really an effective way to enlarge our English vocabulary.1.2 Word formation can help us have a better comprehension of an article.When we are reading a new article, we often encounter with some new words that we have never seen before. In this case, most of us will leave out the new word and go on with the following sections. However, this is not a good habit. If we want to improve our English, we have to take every new word seriously either look them up in the dictionary or search for the internet. But don‟t you think that these methods are inefficient? If we know something about English word formation, maybe the article would not be so difficult for us to understand. In this way, we can guess the meaning of the new word according to what we have learned about English word formation. It has been proved that our guess is correct in most cases. So we say word formation can help us have a better comprehension of a new article.1.3 Many new words can be derived based on the rules of word formationRecent years, the use of computers as a medium of communication has given birth to a new language phenomenon-cyber language. A large amount of cyber language has sprung up. Not all the new vocabulary can be recognized by human society. Some new words only emerged in a very short time and then disappeared, however, there are still a lot of words are shared by many people. Finally, these words are recognized by the whole human society. Some are even added to the reversed dictionary. Can we say that these words are unreasonable and irrational? The answer is absolutely “No”.Most of the new words that have been recognized are derived based on certain rules of word formation. For example, the sentence “3QU” is widely used in the chatting room on the internet by foreigners. This is also known as one important characteristics of English word-productivity. So it is necessary for us to learn English word formation.Chapter 2 AffixationAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to bases. This process is also known as derivation, by which new words derived from old or base forms. The words that are created in this way arecalled derivatives. According to the position affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into three subcategories: pre-fixation, in-fixation and suffixation.Pre-fixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases, which do not generally change the word-class of the base. That is to say, prefixes do not change the part of speech of a word. Their chief function is to modify its meaning, although there are exceptions. In my opinion, prefixes can be divided into: negative prefixes, pejorative prefixes, prefixes of degree or size, prefixes of time and order, and so on.Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases. Their primary function is to change the grammatical function of the base, such as the change of the word class with a slight modification of meaning, though there are a few exceptions. Suffixes can be divided into noun suffixes, adjective suffixes, adverb suffixes, and verb suffixes. I can give you an example. The word “countless”, “-less”change the part of form and show the negative meaning of the stem.Infixes are not so common and they usually show a kind attitude of the speaker and will not change the part of form and meaning of words.Chapter 3 CompoundingCompounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more bases. Words formed in this way are called compounds. So a compound is a …lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word‟ (Quirk).Compounds can be written solid, hyphenated and open. Compounds have remarkable characteristics which are different from noun phrases. It comes down to three major ones:1) Phonological features. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first constituent whereas in noun phrases the second element is generally accented if there is only one stress. In cases where there are two stresses, the compound has the primary stress on the first element and the second stress, if any, on the second, whereas the opposite is true of free phrase.2) Semantic features. Compounds differ from free phrases semantically. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. The meaning of a free phrase can not be inferred from the two components of itself. Nevertheless, a lot of compound are transparent, that is to say, the meaning can be obtained from the separate elements of compounds. But the two elements are inseparable and the change of the element would result in the loss of the original identity.3) Grammatical features. Two elements of a compound each plays a separate grammatical role, which can be seen in the way the expressions are handled morphological. For example, compound nouns often show their plural forms by taking inflectional –s at the end. Though there are exceptions, their …one-wordness‟identity is apparent.Chapter 4 ConversionIn English learning, students will often confused with words which have two or more part of form. Many of such conditions are caused by conversion. Conversion is the formation of mew words by converting words of one part of speech to those of another part of speech, without changes in morphological structures but in function. Words created in this way are new only in a grammatical sense. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives and verbs. The most productive, however, is the conversion that takes place between nouns and verbs. It deserves nothing that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the item involved but with it the different range of meaning is originally carried.Chapter 5 BlendingBlending is a very productive process and many coinages are resulting from blending have become well established. Moreover, they can sever as models for new formation. It is not the Combination of two words directly, but to combine parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. This kind of word formation is called blending. This processes including:The first part of the first word +the last part the second word.The whole part of the first part +the last part the second word.The first part of the first word +the first part the second word.The whole part of the second word + the first part of the first word.The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns; very few are verbs and adjectives are even fewer. Blends are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and newspapers and magazines. Though many of them have already achieved currency in English, they are still considered by the serious-minded peopleto be slang and informal. However, it is advisable not to use such words too often, particularly in formal writing.ConclusionLanguage develops with the development of society and vocabulary is sensitive to the changes of society. Some old words are abandoned and some new ones are created. Most of the new words in English are created according to certain rules and conformed to certain methods. These rules and methods are closely related to English word formation. So it is essential, as well as important, for us to learn word formation, especially for the students of English major.参考文献（5条）：外语语言文学系列教程张维友英语词汇学教程2009学术论文魏红构词法是迅速扩大英语词汇量的有效方法2009期刊论文丁琳徐玲English word formation processes 2009期刊论文张莉浅谈英语构词法中的词缀发2008广州大学学报卢春媚浅谈英语构词法2002。
词汇学论文,浅谈英语构词法,英文版
On Word Formation★PrefaceLearn a language; you must learn pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary. Among the three factors, vocabulary has a very important role in your language-studying. A famous scholar Wilkins said” without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.”He emphasized that in most cases, the vocabulary is more important than grammar. Another famous lexicologist McCarthy said, when a student learn the second language, no matter how well the student learns grammar, no matter how successfully he masters the seconds of a L2，without words to express a wide range of meanings, communication in that language cannot happen in any manful way.From these two examples and of course include many other cases that are not mentioned here now, we can conclude that if you don’t care vocabulary at all, it is impossible to learn a language in some way. What’s more, you cannot express your real feeling no matter you are happy, sad, fortune, or you are unlucky, because you don’t know what words you can say or you can write.Today, I will tell you what I had learned in this class. What I will teach you is “word formation”, why do I choose this topic to talk? Because in my opinion, if you know the word formation very well, you can remember and use the new words easily. Absolutely, it’s very helpful for your language studying.D on’t you think so?★SummaryEnglish vocabulary has several of Word-formation methods. But the three greatest word formation powers are affixation, compounding, and conversion. The other six kinds of word-formation methods include blending, clipping, acronymy, back-formation, sound reduplication, and communization of proper names.★KeywordsMorphemes, classifying, word-formation★ContextBefore talking about word formation, maybe we should know the morphological structure of English words first. So what we will discuss next is morphological structure of English words. It includes morphemes, morphs and allomorphs, classifying morphemes, identifying morphemes, morphemes and word-formation.☆morphemesTraditionally, words are usually treated as the basic and minimal units of a language to make sentence, which are combinations of words according to syntactic rules. Structurally, however, a word is not the smallest unit because many words can be separated into even smaller meaningful units. These minimal meaningful units are known as morphemes. In view of word-formation, the morpheme is seen as ‘thesmallest functioning unit in the composition of words’. Syn tactically, however, a morpheme is the minimal form of grammatical analysis.Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. They are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning.Morphemes vary in function. Accordingly, we can classify morphemes into several general categories:①Free versus Bound Morphemes ---- morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. They are so named because they are bound to other morphemes to form words or to perform a particular grammatical function.②Derivational versus Inflectional Morphemes ---- morphemes which are used to derive new words are known as derivational morphemes because when these morphemes are conjoined, new words are derived.③Content versus Grammatical Morphemes ---- On a semantic and syntactic basis, morphemes can fall into content and grammatical morphemes. Content morphemes are lexical morphemes which are used as we see above to derive new words, so also known as derivational morphemes.☆Morphemes and Word-formationWe know that words can be analyzed into morphemes, which are the minimal meaningful units in the composition of words. In word-formation formation, however, morphemes are conventionally labeled root, stem, base and affix.Affixes are forms that are attached to words or elements to modify meaning or function. Affixes are bound morphemes because none of them can stand as words in their own right. According to the functions of affixes, we can divide them into inflectional affixes and derivational affixes. Derivational and inflectional affixes are identical with derivational and inflectional morphemes. In view of their distribution in the formation of word, affixes can fall into prefix and suffix.Before we begin our actual discussion of word-building processes, there are some basic concepts that need clarifying:1.Root: a root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzedwithout total loss of identity.2.Stem: a stem may consist of a single root morpheme or of two rootmorphemes. It can be a root morpheme plus one or more affixational morphemes.3.Base: a base is referred to a form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Itcan be a root or a stem.☆ Word FormationThe expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation. There is a variety of means being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion.⑴AffixationAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-formingor derivational affixes to base. This process is also known as derivation, by which new words are derived from old or base forms. The words created in this way are called derivatives. According to the positions affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subcategories: prefixation and suffixation.Prefixation includes:Negative Prefixes (a-, dis- ,in-, non-, un-…)Reversative or Privative Prefixes (de-, dis-, un,…)Pejorative Prefixes (mal-, mis-, pseudo- …)Prefixes of Degree or Size (arch-, co-, extra-, hyper-, macro-, micro-, mini-, out-,over-, sub-, super-, sur-, ultra-, under- …) Prefixes of Orientation and Attitude (anti-, contra-, counter-, pro-…)Locative Prefixes ( fore-, inter-, intra-, super-, tele-, trans-…)Prefixes of Time and Order ( ex-, fore-, post-, pre-, re- …)Number Prefixes ( bi-, multi-, semi-,tri-,uni- …)Conversion Prefixes ( a-, be-, en- …)Miscellaneous Prefixes ( auto- , neo-, pan-, proto-, vice- …)Suffixation includes:Noun suffixes (denominal nouns, deverbal nouns, de-adjective nouns, non andadjective suffixes)Adjective suffixes (denominal suffixes, deverbal suffixes )Adverb suffixes (Omit example)Verb suffixes (Omit example)⑵CompoundingCompounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more bases. Wordsworth formed in this way are called compounds. Compounds can be written solid, hyphenated and open.1.Characteristics of compoundsCompounds have noticeable characteristics which may in most cases differentiate themselves from noun phrases in the following four aspects: Phonological features, semantic features, grammatical, orthographical features.2.Formation of compoundsCompounding can take place within any of the word class, but the productive ones are nouns and adjectives followed by verbs to a much lesser extent.Noun compounds, adjective compounds, verb compounds.⑶ConversionConversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. Conversion is generally considered to be a derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Hence the name zero-derivation. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs.Conversion to nouns (deverbal, de-adjectival, miscellaneous conversion )Conversion to verbs (denominal, de-adjectival, miscellaneous conversion )conversion to adjectives (voiceless to voiced consonant, initial to end stress)the other six means of word-formation includes:Blending, Clipping, Acronymy, Back-formation, Sound reduplication, Communization of proper names.Because the words limit, the six word-formation methods is not detailed introduced here. If you are interested in them, please refer to the lexicology. Annotation: 《英语词汇学教程》张伟友著，《词汇学学习指南》杨春慧著。
英语词汇学的论文怎么写[共5篇]
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英语词汇学的论文怎么写[共5篇]第一篇：英语词汇学的论文怎么写英语词汇学的论文怎么写？英语词汇学习在英语词汇学习过程中，学习者要遵循第二语言习得的规律，掌握并灵活运用多种词汇学习策略。
可分为词汇表策略、语境策略、精加工策略、语义场策略。
一．词汇表策略（Word list strategy）词汇表策略一般为：一列是按字母顺序排列的英语单词，另一列是这些单词的汉语意思（等值词、同义词或近义词）。
有些学者认为，通过词汇表策略能够迅速且有效地学会大量的词汇。
然而，Gaims 和Redman 却指出，通过词汇表记忆词汇会阻碍对所记词汇进行充分地处理和系统地组织，因此就失去了有效的长时记忆的基础。
语言大师桂诗春教授也认为，词汇表策略既费时又费力，徒劳无功，因为这种做法不仅把外语的词语和母语的词语等同起来，而且把它从语言和语境中孤立出来。
二．语境策略（Context strategy）语境策略就是学习者通过上下文语言环境所提供的信息对出现在语境中的生词进行猜测，从而习得这个单词。
语境策略是目前比较流行的词汇学习策略之一，它不仅仅可以扩大词汇量，而且可以让学生了解有关目的语的文化知识。
但是，Channell(Carter &McCarthy ,1988:89)认为，音节认知和重音认知对学习者理解词汇起着非常重要的作用。
为了更好地理解词汇，学习新单词的方法应使学习者准确地内化和吸收新单词：即学会单个音标的发音、了解音节数、掌握重音位置。
从这一方面来看，运用语境策略学习词汇不能算是一个很好的方法。
三．精加工策略（Elaborative strategy）精加工策略是指通过对学习材料进行深入细致的分析、加工，理解其内在的深层意义并促进记忆的一种策略。
皮连生（1998）在《学与教的心理学》一书中也曾提到：“精细加工策略”（同“精加工策略”）指对学习材料作精细的加工活动，即通过在要记忆的材料上增加相关的信息来达到对新的材料记忆的学习方法。
初中英语词汇教学论文10篇
初中英语词汇教学论文10篇一、初中英语词汇教学现状(一)词汇教学方法单一有调查显示，目前，在初中英语词汇教学过程中，绝大多数教师仅采用一种方法进行教学，只有为数不多的教师采用了一种以上的方法。
词汇教学方法的单一导致了词汇教学收效甚微。
此外，调查结果还显示，直接讲解法是教师在进行词汇教学过程中所采用的最为广泛的方法。
但众所周知，此种方法的教学效果最差。
(二)忽视英文单词与其含义及用法之间建立有效联系的重要性在目前初中英语词汇教学过程中，最为流行的做法是，由学生通过单词表进行词汇的学习，这种方式导致学生的词汇学习由于脱离了具体语言环境而无法将单词本身与其含义和用法之间建立有效的联系，单词识记效率低、效果差强人意，最终导致英语词汇教学收效甚微。
(三)教学时间短，复现频率低传统的英语词汇学习的理念是，词汇学习的主要目的是为了语法学习做准备。
基于此种理念，在教学过程中，部分教师只对词汇进行简单讲解、听写，所花时间只占整个单元教学所需课时的5%不到。
此外，绝大多数教师对词汇的处理仅限在课堂上，课后的时间极少花在词汇学习上，学生词汇学习的时间无法得到保障。
遗忘曲线规律表明，在对新知识的学习过程中，必须要对其进行多次重现，才能使学习者真正掌握该新知识。
这个规律同样适用于对初中英语词汇的学习，学生要想真正掌握英语词汇，必须做到重复多见。
但综观初中英语词汇教学的现状，笔者发现，部分英语教师缺乏对这一规律的足够认知，导致初中学生词汇学习效率低、词汇教学效果不理想。
二、提高初中英语词汇教学成效的对策(一)加强音标及拼读技巧的训练正确认读是迅速有效掌握单词的前提。
因此，在词汇教学过程中，教师务必确保学生始终能正确拼读单词。
此目的的达成需要教师做好以下两件事情:一是教会学生正确认读音标。
二是使学生掌握五个元音字母的开、闭音节拼读规律。
(二)多次对词汇进行重现在语言学习过程中，边学边忘是一个正常现象，但这种现象能对学生真正掌握词汇造成消极影响。
初中英语词汇教学论文（汇总8篇）
初中英语词汇教学论文（汇总8篇）篇1：初中英语词汇教学论文曾经在学生中做过这样的调查：“学英语，你最怕的是什么？”各种各样的答案都有，有的说害怕语法，有的说害怕作文，有的说害怕听力，但答得最多的却是害怕背单词，尤其是新教材，原来的《英语教学大纲》中规定初中毕业的学生掌握800个左右的单词即可，现如今的《英语课程标准》则要求在1500个左右，在各个科目纷纷“减负”的同时，唯独英语学科在默默承受着“增压”的痛苦，于是就出现了“单词是基础，词汇是拦路虎，背单词真痛苦”的现象。
教学的过程是师生互动的过程，词汇教学也是如此，800个得教，1500个也得教，只是苦了学生，累了教师罢了。
要想让学生掌握好词汇，关键是让学生对英语产生兴趣，把背单词当作一种苦中作乐的事，而要做到这样，又是相当的不容易，除了学生自觉外，教师采用不同的教学方法来帮助调动学生的积极性，也是很重要的。
（一）针对词汇量多的问题，初步统计一下，每个话题的单词少则二三十个，多则五六十个，以前教的时候多是要求学生全部要掌握，胡子眉毛一把抓。
结果是有的学生接受得来，而有的学生一看那么多单词，实在是件痛苦的事，干脆就不背了，反正是死猪不怕开水烫，任你老师罚呗，他自有办法应付，这终究不是好办法。
现如今则稍作改变，要求四会的黑体单词，中下水平的学生要求掌握，至于学有余力的学生，就要求掌握黑体和三会的白体单词，打三角形的只需要了解就可以。
相信大多数老师和我的感受相差不多，对于800个变成1500个毫无心理准备。
以前词汇少时，一星期教一次单词和听写一次就行，如今每个话题单词少的也要分两次教，多的则要分为三次教才行，当然听写也随之水涨船高，次数增多了，不这样做学生根本接受不了。
（二）所谓的“教无定法，教有良法”说明白些，其实就是依据学生具体情况而选择适当的教学方法。
以下是我课堂教学中较为常用的方法。
1音标教学法：七年级英语刚入门时，教师在字母教学法中应该融入音标教学，可以要求学生学会制作音标卡，并要求他们背诵48个国际音素。
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目录1. 图式与图式理论.........................................................................................................................错误！未定义书签。
1.1 图式 (1)1.2 图式理论的定义..................................................................................................................错误！未定义书签。
1.3 图式理论的起源与发展......................................................................................................错误！未定义书签。
2. 词汇 (2)2.1 词汇的定义 (2)2.2 词汇在英语教学中的重要性 (2)3. 图式理论下的课堂词汇教学方法 (2)3.1 当前初中英语课堂词汇教学现状 (3)3.2 运用直观导入 (3)3.3 设计brainstorming活动 (3)3.4 创设真实情境 (4)4. 结论 (4)5. 参考文献 (4)图式理论下的初中英语课堂词汇教学摘要词汇是英语这门语言的三要素（语音、词汇、语法）之一。
美国著名教育家威尔金斯（Wilkins)在《语言学与语言教学》中提出: without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. ”词汇对语言学习的重要性是显而易见的。
语言离不开词汇，交流更离不开词汇。
然而，现在的初中英语课堂词汇教学存在一些不容忽视的问题，例如：词汇教学太过于枯燥呆板，学生没有兴趣学习。
本文就现在中学课堂词汇教学问题出发，利用图式理论，创造积极活跃的课堂气氛，使学生更容易，更牢固的掌握习得词汇。
关键词：词汇教学图式理论初中英语AbstractV ocabulary is the one of three factors ( phonetics、vocabulary、grammar) of English. The famous American educationist Wilkins once have put forward in Linguistic and Language Teaching :“ without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. ” W e can know the importance of vocabulary in language learning from this. Language learning can not separate with vocabulary, communication also can not. While there are some serious problem exist in the vocabulary teaching of medium school, such as: the vocabulary teaching is so bald, and there is not kinds of way to learn word, so students are not interested in learning vocabulary. This text is based on the problem, which exist in vocabulary teaching in medium school, using the Schema Theory to make a positive class and make students to learn vocabulary easier and more vicelike.Key words : vocabulary teaching Schema Theory junior English图式理论下的初中英语课堂词汇教学1.图式理论1.1 图式图式（Schema ）来源于认知心理学中的一个术语，图式是头脑中先存知识或背景知识的有机排列，是人们接收到某些信息时在脑海中产生的景象或联想，是已知事物或信息存储于人脑中的既存知识构架。
它使信息有条不紊地储存在长期记忆中，当人们处理新的输入信息时，总会把它与已知信息（背景知识）联系起来，从而给认知提供依据。
图式是大脑对沟渠经验的反映或积极组织，是被学习者存储在记忆中的信息对新信息起作用的过程，也是怎样把这些新信息丰富到学习者知识库中的过程。
图式所描述的知识由一部分或几部分按一定的方式组合起来,其中的组成部分称之为变量(variable)或槽道(slot)。
例如:动物的图式包括有皮肤、能活动、吃食物、呼吸空气;鸟的图式包括有翅膀、有羽毛、能飞等。
总之,一个符号、一种物体等均可以看成是一种图式。
1.2 图式理论的定义所谓图式理论（Schema Theory），是指围绕某一个主题组织起来的知识的表征和贮存方式为基础的理论。
图式理论是一种关于人的知识是怎样被表征出来的，以及关于知识的表征如何以特有的方式有利于知识的应用的理论。
按照该理论，人脑中所保存的一切知识都能分成单元、构成“组块”和组成系统。
而这些单元、“组块”和系统就是图式。
1.3 图式理论的起源与发展图式的概念最早来自19世纪德国哲学家康德，他把图式（schema）看成是“原发想象力”（productive imagination）的一种特定形式或规则，籍此，理解（the understanding）可以把它的“范畴（categories）”应用到实现知识或体验的过程中的多种感知中。
[2]瑞士著名的儿童心理学家皮亚杰（Piaget）在20年代就考察了“图式”在儿童成长中的作用。
30年代英国试验心理学家巴里特（Bartlett）有关记忆的研究被看成是图式理论所赖以建立的经典探索。
他让参加试验的一些英国被试了解一个爱斯基摩的民间传说。
故事的最初意思是一个要死的人的灵魂（黑物体）在日落时从嘴中离开躯体。
但是当这些英国被试去复述这一故事时，却发现他们不是遗漏了带有原先文化特征的内容，如“黑物体”，就是把相关事实解释为他们能理解的东西。
试验表明，人们没有按照字义来记住故事的事实，而是把事实同化于他们所具有的带有本文化特征的图式中。
人们改变对故事的记忆来使它们和它们的文化准概念一致。
人们对故事的“改编”反映了人们的文化图式。
巴里特认为图式化是人们认识世界的一种方式，在回忆时，图式帮助记忆检索，而且图式有多种形式。
他认为图式的存在可以解释为什么人们在回忆故事时会改变某些细节。
随后几十年图式的概念又有了不断的新的发展。
按照权威的社会心理学百科全书中的解释，图式是“代表个人对事物、人或环境的知识的认知结构，它包括对所认识的对象的特点以及这些特点的相互关系的认识。
图式是对一个整体的抽象，侧重于许多事例的相似之处。
图式可以帮助人们简化现实。
更重要的是，图式指导人们处理新的信息。
图式会建立对未来信息的期待，帮助人们把外在刺激的若干细节与一个总体概念相联系，而与之不一致的信息则会被过滤掉。
”2.词汇2.1 词汇的定义词汇，又称语汇，是一种语言里所有的（或特定范围的）词和固定短语的总和。
例如汉语词汇、英语词汇或一般词汇、基本词汇、文言词汇、方言词汇等；还可以指某一个人或某一作品所用的词和固定短语的总和，如“老舍的词汇”、“《鲁迅全集》的词汇”等等。
词汇是词的集合体，词汇和词的关系是集体与个体的关系，好比树林和树的关系。
2.2 词汇在英语教学中的重要性我们学习英语，能学会所有的因素和发音规则，也有可能掌握所有的语法和规则，但要学会所有的单词是无法做到的。
且不说外语学习者。
即便把英语作为母语使用的人也难以达到这一目标。
而词汇作为英语这门语言的三要素（语音、词汇、语法）之一，词汇在英语学习中的重要性就不言而喻了。
美国著名教育家威尔金斯（Wilkins)在《语言学与语言教学》中提出: without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. ”从中我们可以看出，交流离不开语言，而语言又是由词汇组成，因此，交流是基于人们在长期的学习积累的词汇上进行的。
3. 图式理论下的课堂词汇教学方法3.1 当前初中英语课堂词汇教学现状虽然词汇教学在初中英语教学过程中非常重要, 但是我国很多学校的词汇教学存在很多漏洞和不足, 现状并不容乐观, 具体表现在以下几个方面。
首先, 词汇教学流于形式, 没有引起足够重视。
教师在整个教学活动中缺乏系统有效的词汇教学策略。
课堂上重语法知识的讲解, 轻词汇知识的专项训练; 过分强调阅读能力的培养而忽略词汇在口头笔交际中的使用。
其次, 重孤立讲解, 轻语境创设。
在初中英语词汇中, 有许多单词在不同的句子和语境中表达出来的意义也完全不同, 所以讲授单词一定要放在一定的语境中, 使学生知道什么时候使用这个词, 该怎么使用。
然而有的教师为图方便, 只知道一字不漏地教授单词, 简直成了“词典专家”。
例如教“dark”这个单词, 教师只告诉学生: 它可以做名词, 意思是“黑暗”等; 可以形容词, 意思是“黑暗的、深色的、棕黑的、神秘的、无希望的、悲伤的、无精打的、未启蒙的、意义不明的、暧昧的……”, 却不结合语境具体讲解, 让学生一头雾水, 不知所云。
再次, 忽略对学生情感态度和自主学习能力的培养导致学生记忆词汇带有盲目性和随意性。
学生记忆单词三天打鱼, 两天晒网, 有兴趣就死记硬背单词表, 没心情时就把英语书搁在一边几天也不去摸它, 遇到困难时甚至干脆放弃, 没有明确的学习目标或计划, 不意下真功夫记, 久而久之, 所学词汇便忘得所剩无几。
3.2 运用直观导入导入是老师上课的重要环节，它可能决定一堂课的质量，一个好的导入有助于吸引学生的兴趣，直观导入可以利用图片，简笔画，视频录像之类的以吸引学生的注意。
例如：在八年级英语下册Uint7 Would you mind turning down the music? 一课的导入，教师可以给学生展示一些社会上乐于助人的图片，然后再给一些不好现象的图片，如：在公共场合吸烟，在公共场合放音乐，这时讲到mind, turn down, smoke这些单词时，可以结合图片，如mind,：介意，不能直接告诉意思，可以根据图片说几个句子，让学生猜意思。