人教版高二必修五第一单元知识点

人教版高二必修五第一单元知识点
人教版高二必修五第一单元知识点

必修五U1Great scientists

Section Ⅰ

1.put forward

(1)提出,提议,建议

【搭配】

Put forward a plan/a suggestion /a proposal 提出计划/建议/提议(2)拨快(时钟指针);将…提前

Put your watch forward ;it is five minutes slow.

We’ve put forward the date of our wedding by one week.

(3)=recommend 推荐,荐举

Can I put you forward for club secretary ?

“提出”之意:

Come up with

Bring up

Raise

【词汇拓展】

Put down 放下;镇压;写下

Put…in force 使…生效

Put off延期

Put out 扑灭,使熄灭;生产

Put up with容忍

Put in 把…写进(信函,故事等)

Put away 收拾好;储存

Put …into practice 实施,实行

Put on 穿上;上演;假装

Put up 举起;搭建;张贴;留…住宿

Put aside 把…撇在一边不理,不考虑

Put through 给…接通电话;完成

Eg: Jack put away the things on the desk, put on his coat and went out of his office because he couldn’t Put up with his boss’s attitude. The meeting where he would be originally put forward as a manager was put off till the next week.他本来要被推荐为经理的会议被推迟到下周举行

2.conclusion n.[C] 结论;[常用复数]结束

【搭配】

Arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论

Make a conclusion 下结论;结束

In conclusion 总之;最后

The expert came to the conclusion that there were many people infected with cholera.

这位专家得出了结论:许多人得了霍乱

Without supporting evidence, we can’t make a conclusion .

In conclusion ,I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

【词汇连接】

In conclusion 在写作中常做总结语使用,意为“最后,总之”,它的同义短语有in a word, in summary ,all in all ,on the whole, in brief

【词汇拓展】

Conclude v.得出结论,推断出;使结束,终止

Sth from sth 从…推断出…/断定….

Conclude

From sth that …从…推断出…/断定….

With sth

Conclude (sth ) 以….结束(….)

By doing sth

To conclude =in conclusion 总之

Eg:I concluded from their words that they were against the plan .

He concluded his class with a story.

To conclude (=in conclusion ),I wish you a Happy New Year.最后….

Decide –decision

Explode- explosion

Persuade –persuasion

3.defeat

Vt.战胜;打败;使受挫 n.[C,U]失败,击败

John Snow defeated cholera which was a deadly disease of its day.约翰·斯诺战胜了当时是致命疾病的霍乱They hoped to defeat the enemy at sea.

The painter was a man who hated to admit defeat.这个画家是个不愿认输的人

【辨析】

【拓展】

打鼓用beat,敲门用knock,钟敲几点用strike,

Yesterday I defeated /beat John in the match. He won only one set, while I won two. 他只赢了一局,而我赢了两局

4.attend.

(1)v.照顾;护理;专心;注意

Attend (to)sb 照料/关怀某人

Attend to sth 处理/专心于某事

Eg:There was no one to attend her but Tina .

---Would you like to join us in the game ?

---I’m afraid not, for I have something important to attend to.

(2)vt. 出席,参加

【搭配】

Attend a meeting/a lecture/school

【辨析】

5.expose vt.暴露;揭露;是曝光;使接触;使体验

Expose …to …. 使…暴露于…;使遭受

Be exposed to 暴露于;接触

Eg:Don’t expose babies to strong sunlight.

Wounds that are exposed to the air heal more quickly.

The scientist attended a meeting last week where many experts discussed how to prevent people from being exposed to polluted water.会上许多专家谈论了如何让人们远离被污染的水

Potatoes turn green when exposed to light.

The film has been exposed.这卷胶卷曝光了

6.cure n.治愈,痊愈 v.治愈某人,解决问题

A cure for…治疗…药物(方法)

Cure sb of sth 治好某人的…病;矫正,改正(某人的不良行为)

Eg: There is still no cure for AIDS.

Many people believe that prison isn’t a cure for crime.许多人认为监禁解决不了犯罪的问题

The physician cured him of his illness.

【词汇连接】

Warn sb of sth

Rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物

Inform sb of sth 通知某人某物

Rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某事

Convince sb of sth 说服某人某事

Cheat sb of sth 欺骗某人某事

Accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事

Remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事、使某人想起某事

Suspect sb of (doing ) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事

【辨析】

7.challenge n./vt.

(1)n.挑战

Accept /take up a challenge 接受挑战

Face/meet a challenge 面对挑战,应对挑战

A challenge to 对…的挑战

To defeat cholera of its day was a real challenge to many scientist .当时战胜霍乱对许多科学家来说是一个真正的挑战

(2)vt.向…挑战;对…质疑;对…怀疑

Challenge sb to (do)sth

Mike challenged me to (play)another tennis game.

challenge sb 向某人挑战

challenge to sb (×)

【词汇拓展】

Challenge n.挑战者 challenging adj.有挑战性的

8.absorb v.

(1)吸收

Be absorbed into 被…吞并;被吸收

The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.四周的小城镇已并入这座城市

The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.这种乳霜易被皮肤吸收

(2)吸收;使专心;使全神贯注

【搭配】absorb oneself in=be absorbed in 全神贯注于,专注于

The scientific discovery absorbed the physician’s attention.

Yuan Longping is absorbed in his research on rice. 专注于他的水稻研究

【词汇拓展】

Absorbed 专心致志的;全神贯注的

【词汇连接】

Put one’s heart into

Focus on

Concentrate on 全神贯注于……,专注于…….

Be lost in

Be deep in

Devote oneself in

9.suspect v.认为;怀疑 n.嫌疑犯,被怀疑者

Suspect sb to be 怀疑某人是

Suspect sb of (doing)sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事

I suspect him to be a pickpocket .=I suspect that he is a pickpocket .扒手

The police suspected him of telling a lie about what he was doing at ten last night .

Two suspects were arrested today in connection with the robbery .有两名与抢劫案有关的嫌疑犯今天被逮捕了

【巧记活用】suspect 词性不同,发音不同。做名词重音在前,做动词时重音在后,即“名前动后”,此类单词常见的有:

n.进口(物) n.增加

import increase

v.进口 v.增加

n.出口(物)

export

v.出口

10.It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水使罪魁祸首

It seemed that….是固定句型,=sb/sth seemed to do

Blame vt ./n.

(1)责备,谴责,把….归咎于

Blame sb for (doing)sth 因(做某事)责备某人

Blame ….on 把…归咎于

Be to blame (for )(因…)应受谴责,(因….)应负责任

She doesn’t blame anyone for her father’s death.

The police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving .

Which driver was to blame for the accident?

(2)n.[U]过失;责备

Bear/take the blame for 对…负责

Put/place/lay the blame on sb 将责任归咎于某人

if that happens, the coach will take the blame for it .

They placed the blame o the doctor .

Don’t always blame your failure on others; sometimes you yourself are to blame .有时候该怪你自己【易错提示】

Be to blame 为主动形式表达被动含义

With this extra evidence, we could draw a conclusion that dangerous gas was to blame .

有了这个额外的证据,我们可以得出结论:危险的气体是罪魁祸首

11.pollute vt.污染;弄脏;腐蚀

Bicycling is good exercise ;besides, it does not pollute the air.

Our bookstores never sells books which pollute people’s mind. 我们的书店从不出售毒害人们思想的书籍【词汇拓展】

Polluted adj.受到污染的

pollution n.污染;玷污

12.handle n./vt.

(1) n.[C]柄;把手

Hold on to the handle, or you’ll fall off.

She turned the handle and pushed the door open .她转了一下把手,把门推开了

(2)vt.处理=deal with ; 操纵=operate

The worker was so expert that he could handle such a difficult situation.

The pilot knows how to handle a plane.

13.link (1)vt.联系;连接起来

Link A to/with B 将A与B 联系起来,连接起来

Be linked to…与…有联系/有关

The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing.

Heart disease might be linked to smoking .

(2)n.联系;连接;关系

a link between A and B A与B之间的联系

a link with/between …与…的联系/关系

eg:the police suspect there may be a link between Tom and the murder .

The country would like to maintain trade links with China. 这个国家愿意与中国保持贸易关系

【词汇连接】

①“将….和…连接起来”还可以用 connect …..to /with 和join …to 来表达

②“与…有关系/有关”还可以表达为be related to ,be connected with, be associated with ,

Have something to do with

14.announce v.宣布;通告

Announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事

It is announced that …据宣布….

It is wise to announce the news to the public.

It is announced that there’ll be a celebration on National Day.据宣布国庆节要举行庆祝会

【易错提示】

Announce 不能跟双宾语,即没有announce sb sth 结构,应用 announce sth to sb

类似的动词还有:suggest , explain ,report ,say 等

【辨析】

【词汇拓展】

Announcement n.通告;宣布;声明

Make an announcement 宣布;通知

The minister is about to make an announcement . 部长马上就会宣布

15.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们即不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治愈方法

Neither …nor ….既不….也不…. 可连接词性相同的词,词组,或结构,表示完全否定,如果连接两个名词或代词做主语,谓语动词与nor 后保持一致;如果neither…nor….连接两个句子,且放在句首,则两个句子必须部分倒装

Neither you nor I am going to do it.你和我都不打算去做这件事

Neither did I go to watch the football match nor did I care its result.

【句型拓展】

连接并列的名词或代词做主语,谓语动词的数要遵循就近原则的连词还有:

either …or…

Not only ….but (also )…

Not ….but …. 不是….而是….

Or…

Either Tom or you are to blame .要么怪Tom ,要么怪你

Not our but I am to blame for the mistake .

16.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. Every time 时间名词引导时间状语从句=whenever

Every time I went to Beijing, I would visit the Great Wall.

Every time she comes, she brings a friend.

【句型拓展】

英语中,可用作连词的名词有:

①表示习惯性,经常性的动作或“第几次做某事”

Every time , each time , next time , the first/second ….last/time

Every time /Each time he comes to Beijing ,he will come to see me.

He happened to be out the last time I called on him. 上次我去拜访他时,他碰巧出去了②表示瞬间变化,“一….就….”,

The moment

The minute

The instant

The second

Tell him the news the minute you see him .

I recognized you the instant I saw you .

③表示具体的某个时间概念,“….的那天/那年等”

The day

The week

The month

The year

The spring

He called on his old friend the day he arrived.

17.①The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖

②To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.

第一句中的suggest 表示“暗示,表明”后的从句是陈述语气,

第二句中的suggest 表示“建议”后的从句用虚拟即(should) +do ,

【考点提炼】

Suggest 后接宾语从句的用法

⑴suggest 意为“暗示,表明”其后的从句不用虚拟,用陈述语气

The evidence suggests single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers.

⑵suggest 意为“提议,建议”后的宾从用虚拟,即(should)+do

The teacher suggested the boy should take up a challenge bravely.

老师建议这个男孩应该勇敢地接受挑战

【句型拓展】

表示“建议,命令,要求”的动词后接宾语从句,从句用虚拟即(should )+do :

一个坚持: insist

两道命令:order command

四条建议:suggest advise propose recommend

四点要求:demand desire request require

They insisted that everyone should attend the meeting .他们坚决要求每个人都参加会议

He commanded that I should set off in advance.他命令我提前出发

The woman requested that they speak in a whisper because a baby was sleeping.

The teacher required that students not use mobile phones in class.

18.have sth done 有三层意思

Have 为使役动词“使,让”

(1)主语请、派别人完成某事

We have the machine repaired.

(2)主语完成某事,可能参与,也可能不参与

We must have the work finished by Tuesday.

(3)主语遭受某种不幸

I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.

【句型拓展】

Section Ⅱ

1.contribute

(1)vt.捐献;贡献;捐助

Contribute …to …

We contributed 5000 to the earthquake fund.

(2)vt.给报纸,杂志撰稿,投稿熟词生义的考察高考

He contributed a number of articles to the magazine.

(3)vi.有助于;促成

Contribute to 有助于、有益于;导致

Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.

Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?

【巧记活用】

Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his return to school.使他可以重返校园

A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper .

【辨析】

【词汇拓展】

Contribution n. 捐助;贡献;捐助物

Contributor n.捐助者

Make a contribution /contributions to 为…做出贡献

Everyone should make contributions to his motherland, defending his country from the enemy.

2.apart from =aside from 有三种含义:

(1)除了…外还;此外;加之=in addition to =besides =as well as

Apart from English ,he had to study a second foreign language while in college.

(2)除了…外都=except=but

I hardly know anyone in the village apart from you.

(3)除了,只是=except for,表示细节上的修正

The essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistake .

【辨析】

3.语法专项突破

过去分词作定语

过去分词作表语

Section Ⅲ

1.be /become strict with sb 对某人严格

The scientist, who is absorbed in his work, is always strict with himself.

【词汇拓展】

Be strict in sth

Strictly speaking 严格地说

2.make sense 讲得通;有意义------反义短语:make no sense

Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planet in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置时,天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通

His conclusion doesn’t make sense.=his conclusion makes no sense.

He doesn’t talk much ,but what he says makes sense.

【词汇拓展】

Common sense 常识

Make sense of sth 某人理解,明白某事

In a /one sense 从某种意义上说

In no sense 决不

There’s no sense in doing sth 做某事没有道理,没有意义

In a very real light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe.

从真正意义上讲,光污染使我们看不到自己在宇宙中的真实位置

In no sense will we announce the news to the public, or people will get into a panic.

There’s no sense in drawing a conclusion without enough evidence .

3.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的

Be enthusiastic about …对…热情

Now many people are enthusiastic about contributing their free time to voluntary work.

All the staff are enthusiastic about expanding the business in America .

【词汇拓展】

Enthusiast n. 热心者;爱好者

Enthusiasm n. 热情;热心;热忱

With enthusiasm =enthusiastically 热衷地;狂热地

The proposal was greeted with great enthusiasm .这个建议受到了热情的响应

He is an enthusiast for polities。他是一个热衷于政治的人

4.cautious adj.小心的,谨慎的

Be cautious about (doing)sth

He cautious enough not to expose the plan to the public in advance.他足够谨慎,没有事先向公众透露这个计划

【词汇拓展】

Cautiously adv. 小心地;谨慎地

Caution n.小心,谨慎,慎重 v.警告,提醒

With caution 谨慎,慎重

5.reject vt .拒绝接受;排斥;拒收

Reject (doing) sth 拒绝接受做某事

The proposal was firmly rejected.这项提议被断然否决

【词汇拓展】

Rejection n.拒绝

He has a fear of rejection.他害怕被拒绝

【辨析】

6.only +状语或状语从句位于句首时,句子或主句要用部分倒装,即把句子或主句位于动词的助动词,情态动词或系动词放在主语之前

Only if a teacher gives permission is a student allowed to enter the room.

Only by working hard can we succeed.

Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake.

Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.

【特别提醒】

(1)当only 修饰主语时,即使only 位于句首也不需要倒装

Only his brother was right.

⑵当“only+状语/状语从句”,被放在强调句型中,后面的句子不用倒装结构It is only when you work hard that you can succeed.

【辨析】

7.现在分词作伴随状语

Reading a newspaper ,he sat in the armchair .

All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.

The children ran out of the room ,laughing and talking merrily.

The dog entered the room, following the master.

The master entered the room ,followed by the dog.

8.【词汇拓展】

Pollute –pollution n.

Repeat –repetition n.

Expose –exposure n.

Theory—theoretic adj.

Severe—severity n.

Valuable—value n/v.

Announce –announcement n.

Instruct—instruction n.

Contribute –contribution n.

Complete—completion n.

Enthusiastic –enthusiasm n.

高中数学必修五 知识点总结【经典】

《必修五 知识点总结》 第一章:解三角形知识要点 一、正弦定理和余弦定理 1、正弦定理:在C ?AB 中,a 、b 、c 分别为角A 、B 、C 的对边,,则有 2sin sin sin a b c R C ===A B (R 为C ?AB 的外接圆的半径) 2、正弦定理的变形公式: ①2sin a R =A ,2sin b R =B ,2sin c R C =; ②sin 2a R A = ,sin 2b R B =,sin 2c C R =; ③::sin :sin :sin a b c C =A B ; 3、三角形面积公式:111 sin sin sin 222 C S bc ab C ac ?AB = A == B . 4、余弦定理:在 C ?AB 中,有2 2 2 2cos a b c bc =+-A ,推论:bc a c b A 2cos 2 22-+= B ac c a b cos 2222-+=,推论: C ab b a c cos 22 2 2 -+=,推论:ab c b a C 2cos 2 22-+= 二、解三角形 处理三角形问题,必须结合三角形全等的判定定理理解斜三角形的四类基本可解型,特别要多角度(几何作图,三角函数定义,正、余弦定理,勾股定理等角度)去理解“边边角”型问题可能有两解、一解、无解的三种情况,根据已知条件判断解的情况,并能正确求解 1、三角形中的边角关系 (1)三角形内角和等于180°; (2)三角形中任意两边之和大于第三边,任意两边之差小于第三边; ac b c a B 2cos 2 22-+=

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