Argumentation and Exposition
Exposition and Argumentation
Exposition and ArgumentationExposition is a type of writing in common. An expository usually explains something , such as the process of making a machine ,the causes of a natural or social phenomenon , the planning of a project ,or the solution of a problem. For an object, exposition mainly deals with processes and relationships . For a historical event ,we discuss its cause and effect ,its nature, and its signifition in history.The methods which are good for paragraph development are also good for expository essays . for example:1.Illustration. It is the of example to illustrate a point. A successful illustrationpaper depends on1)A wise selection of sufficient examples which are specific and typical ,interesting and relevant2).An expert arrangement of these examples ---similar or related examples Should be grouped together and arranged climactically.2.Division and classification . when using division or classification in your writ-ing , keep in mind the following guidelines:1).choose an appropriate principle of division /classification suited to yourpurpose2).apply your principle consistently and thoroughly ,and avoid overlapping3. comparison and contrast .When you write a comparison /contrast paper, you explain or clarify for one of the three following purposes:1). To present information about something unfamiliar by comparing itwith something familiar.2). To show the superiority of one thing by comparing it with another .3). To show the reader of the similarities and differences of two things tohelp the reader understand or evaluate them.When you write a comparison/contrast paper, keep in mind the following principles of selection and development:1). Only items of the same general class can be compared/contrasted.2). A comparion/contrast essay usually follows one of these two patterns: The subject-by-subject or the point-by-point pattern.3). A comparison/contrast essay should be balanced; the two items beingcompared/contrasted are to be given equal treatment.4). The comparison/contrast should be supported by concrete andrelevant facts.5). A comparison/contrast shows similarities and differences in order tomake a particular point.4. Cause and EffectDetermining causes and effects is a complex process. When writing the y of paper , try to remember the following logical requirements:1). Do not over-simplify causes.2). Beware especially making a mistake in logic known as the fallacy ofpost hos ,ergo propter hos— Latin words meaning “after thistherefore because of this .3). Distinguish between direct and indirect caust and effects andbetween major and minor causes and effects.4). Do not omit links in a chain of causes and effects.5). Be objective and support the analysis with solid, factual evidence. 5. Definition .Definition is necessary when one uses a term that may have various denotative Or connotative meanings or shades of meaning . Definition papers consist mostly of extended or informal definitions. Keep in mind the following points: 1). A definition paper discusses abstract terms such as liberty,equality, Beauty,love,socialism,etc, the denotative and especially connotative meanings of which are often different to different people.2). A definition paper answers fully ,though often implicitly, thequestion “what is …..?”3). Definition paper follow no set pattern.4). A D.P. may be either deductive or inductive.ArgumentationAn Argumentation essay tries to make the reader agree with its point of view support it ,to persuade him to change his mind or behavior, and to approve apolicy or a course of action that it proposes.If you wish to write a good argumentative essay, you should do your best to meet the following requirements.1). A debatable point2). Sufficient evidence3). Good logic4). Clear logic5). Good use of the other three types of writing – description ,narration . and especially the various methods of exposition.6). An honest and friendly attitude。
Argumentation and Exposition
What is argumentation?
Argumentative essay is a text that establishes a claim or position which aims to convince the reader that its ideas are true, or, at least, worth considering.
convincing or persuading.
While exposition does not always contain argumentation, argumentation always contains exposition!
Strategies for argumentation
Lecture 4
Understanding Paragraphs
Beggars do not envy millionaires, though of course they will envy other beggars who are more successful.
"Hope is the poor ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้an's bread."
What is exposition?
It is a type of writing in which the writer communicates to the reader his opinion about a topic or an issue and provides material to inform or explain the opinion.
Exposition is further divided into Examples, process, definition, classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect
自考英语写作试题及答案。
⾃考英语写作试题及答案。
英语考试⼀：Sentence development 句⼦写作。
1）You always remain a victimYou will always remain a victim ,not only of some popular books ,but also of some people concerned.2) Such an attitude would emphasize the value of life.Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the value of life.3)”Happy Christmas “he said.“Happy Christmas “he said, smiling and picking out two flowers.4)The piano player began to sing loudly.The piano player began to sing loudly ,beating the keys with magic hands ,and nodding his head in rhythm.\5)I was very embarrassed .I didn’t know what I should do.I was very embarrassed ;I didn’t know what I should do.6)Today at school Mr Moore brought in his pet rabbit.He showed it to the class.Today at school Mr Moore brought in his pet rabbit ,and he showed it to the class.7)He is very busy preparing IELTS.He has no time to play.He is very busy preparing IELTS; therefore , He has no time to play.8)The judge had a hard time deciding___________________.The judge had a hard time deciding where painting was the best.9)The house ____is still standing.The house which Abraham Lincoln was born is still standing.10)My presentation seemed to go well.My presentation seemed to go well although I was feeling really nervous.⼆，Short answers。
《英语写作》自考试题及答案
《英语写作》自考试题及答案一、单选题（共14题，共20分）1.To understand the sentence, you should analyze its parts ________.A.functionallyB.widelyrgelyD.remarkablyABCD正确答案：A本题解析：A 有用途地、有功能地B 宽广地C 大大地D 突出地2.There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth ________ the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden changeA.WhichB.whatC.thatD.howABCD正确答案：C本题解析：本句中that 引导的也是同位语从句。
3.The doctors are ________ about the guidelines under which they can carry out euthanasia.A.at a stretchB.at a lossC.at randomD.at lengthABCD正确答案：B本题解析：本题考查的是短语区分。
A.不休息地，连续地; B.不知所措，茫然，不了解; C.任意的，随便的; D.最后，终于。
句意：医生们不了解执行安乐死的准则。
4.The cloth had a natural look which perfectly ________ the image Laura sought.A.turned outB.set downC.thought overD.coincided withABCD正确答案：D本题解析：A 关闭B 制定、放下D 与…相同、与…相符5.If an earthquake occurred，some of the one-storey houses ________.A.might be left standB.might leave to be standingC.might be left to standD.might be left standingABCD正确答案：D本题解析：be left...：被置于...的境地。
八种英文写作手法具体
八种英文写作手法具体English Answer:1. Narration: The chronological recounting of events through the use of descriptive language and dialogue.2. Description: The vivid portrayal of a person, place, thing, or event using sensory details and figurative language.3. Exposition: The explanation and clarification of a topic or concept through the use of facts, examples, and evidence.4. Argumentation: The logical presentation of a claim or thesis, supported by evidence and reasoning.5. Persuasion: The attempt to convince the reader to adopt a specific point of view or take a particular action.6. Comparison and Contrast: The examination of similarities and differences between two or more subjects.7. Analogy: The comparison of two different things to highlight a common feature or principle.8. Metaphor: The implicit comparison of two unlikethings to create a vivid image or convey a hidden meaning.中文回答：1. 记叙文，通过使用描述性语言和对话来按时间顺序记述事件。
英语议论文argumentation
In the body, it is advisable that you devote the first one or two paragraphs to a consideration of the other side of the case before stating and amplifying your own views.
A
17
Sufficient evidence
Sufficient evidence includes common knowledge; specific examples; hard, not soft, evidence, or facts, not opinions, unless the opinions are expert and authoritative; statistics; and quotations from authorities.
way to collect funds for social welfare projects. language is a tool for communication. My favorite food is fish. Pollution is harmful to people’s health.
公共英语五级写作文体特点分析
公共英语五级写作文体特点分析公共英语五级写作文体特点分析大家要掌握一些常见文体的写作方法和技巧。
文章的常见文体有描写文(Description)、记叙文(Narration)、说明文(Exposition)、议论文(Argumentation)、及应用文(Pratical Writing)等。
各文体往往交叉使用，互相渗透。
下面店铺大家介绍公共英语五级写作文体特点分析。
(一)描写文(Description)描写是用生动、形象的语言文字把某一人物的状态、动作或景物、事件的性质和特征具体地描绘和刻画出来，让读者有真实的感受，并从文章中获得真实、具体、清晰而深刻的印象。
(二)记叙文(Narration)记叙文是以记人叙事为主要内容、以叙述为主要表达方式的文章。
记叙文一般具有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果6个要素，其目的是回答what，wh0，how，when，where，why等问题。
写作时应注意满足4个要求：一是提供一定的情景或背景;二是提供足够数量的生动、真切的细节;三是理顺叙事的步骤，通常按时间顺序，也可用倒叙手法;四是叙述者观察事物发展的角度必须一致。
(三)说明文(Exposition)说明文是说明某事物、事由或过程等的文章。
它用于说明客观事物的特点和本能，或介绍某种操作的程序，或解释某些抽象概念，阐明某种科学原理、自然理解等，完全是就事论事的描述，因此也称为技术性的描写文。
说明文应该写得条理分明，层次清楚，语言简洁，用词具体，具有严密的逻辑性。
说明文写作时应注意下面几点：一篇文章集中讲一个主题;叙述顺序要清楚，即按时间、空间或重要性的顺序进行分层叙述;例证要具体充分，切忌空泛笼统;叙述既富于说理，又生动活泼，使文章更吸引读者。
下面介绍几种常用的说明文写作方法：1.例证法是用具体例子说明人或事物的特点、本质及其规律的方法。
所选例子必须有代表性、典型性。
2.定义法定义法是用来解释、限定某种事物或概念的`写作手法。
大学英语四级考试技巧
大学英语四级考试技巧大学英语四级考试技巧篇1考试的时候一定不要紧张，如果紧张可以试着深呼吸几次，另外准备充分可以最大限度的减少紧张情绪，可以把考试当成自己平时做模拟题，这样就不会紧张了。
除了听力之外，别的部分内容自己要合理安排，先做自己擅长的和有把握的题目，把大部分时间放在分值重的题目上，比如阅读理解，剩余时间来做自己拿不准的题目。
先把所有的确定的和擅长的题目做完，保证自己会的题目不失分，这样自己心里有底了就不会太紧张了，可以放松下来做剩下的题目了。
阅读理解部分在考试中占得比例最大，要把主要时间和精力放在阅读理解上，做的时候先读选项和题目，再读*，这样可以有针对性，而且节约了宝贵的考试时间。
如果时间充裕的话，作文最好是打草稿，这样在写的时候就不会出现单词不会拼写的现象和语法错误了，而且卷面比较整洁，不会失去卷面分。
考试的时候一定不要紧张，如果紧张可以试着深呼吸几次，另外准备充分可以最大限度的减少紧张情绪，可以把考试当成自己平时做模拟题，这样就不会紧张了。
除了听力之外，别的部分内容自己要合理安排，先做自己擅长的和有把握的题目，把大部分时间放在分值重的题目上，比如阅读理解，剩余时间来做自己拿不准的题目。
先把所有的确定的和擅长的题目做完，保证自己会的题目不失分，这样自己心里有底了就不会太紧张了，可以放松下来做剩下的题目了。
阅读理解部分在考试中占得比例最大，要把主要时间和精力放在阅读理解上，做的时候先读选项和题目，再读*，这样可以有针对性，而且节约了宝贵的考试时间。
如果时间充裕的话，作文最好是打草稿，这样在写的时候就不会出现单词不会拼写的现象和语法错误了，而且卷面比较整洁，不会失去卷面分。
英语四级考试题目以选择题为主要考查形式，不要留下空白，即使不会做也要猜一个选项填上，这样至少有四分之一的概率是对的。
在考试中要留有填涂答题卡的时间，答题卡填涂不要出现错涂或者漏涂的现象，更不要错行，如果因为答题卡填涂的问题而失分是十分可惜的。
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Keep the focus on the issue you are discussing , not on the people involved in the debate.
Avoiding using rude language
Using rude language can cause your audience to reject your position without carefully considering your claims.
Strategies for argumentation
4 When appropriate, grant the merits of differing viewpoints To be able to prove that A is good, you must also see why others think it is bad.
It is a mistake to simply ignore points of view that conflict with yours.
It gives the impression that you are reasonable person, willing to look at an issue from all sides. One effective technique is to cite the opposing viewpoint in your statement. You do this by dividing your thesis into two parts. In the first part, you acknowledge the other side’s point of view; in the second, you state your opinion, suggesting that yours is the stronger viewpoint.
While exposition does not always contain argumentation, argumentation always contains exposition!
Strategies for argumentation
1 use tactful, courteous language
make the reader lose his or her trust in your power.
Maybe … Perhaps … It seems … I think … In my opinion, …
Strategies for argumentation
2 point our common ground
Any reasonable person would agree that … Undoubtedly, … Certainly, … Any fool can plainly see, … Even a five-year-old child knows …
Avoiding using words which
It is important, therefore, not to anger them by referring to them or their opinions in rude or belittling terms. Stay away from sweeping statements like “Everybody knows that…” or “ People with any intelligence agree that …”
Curfew: A regulation requiring certain or all people to leave the streets or be at home at a prescribed hour.
Strategies for argumentation
3 Acknowledge differing viewpoint
What is argumentation?
Argumentative essay is a text that establishes a claim or position which aims to convince the reader that its ideas are true, or, at least, worth considering. Logical reasoning and research are used to prove the claim. persuasive essay
What is the differences between exposition and argumentation?
Making a point and then supporting it.
The difference here is that argumentation advances a controversial point, a point that at least some of your readers will not be inclined to accept.
Strategies for argumentation
5 Rebut differing viewpoints
(refute)
To rebut means to point out problems with an opposing view, to show where an opponent’s argument breaks down.
What is the additional thing in the argumentative essay？
பைடு நூலகம்
The essay contains refutation of the opposing arguments. The ultimate purpose of argumentation is to convince and persuade. Argumentation is exposition with the additional purpose of convincing or persuading.
What is exposition?
It is a type of writing in which the writer communicates to the reader his opinion about a topic or an issue and provides material to inform or explain the opinion. Expository essay
Argumentation
In ordinary speech, the word argument is often associated with anger and conflict. But in writing, and especially in research papers, argument means a conflict of opinions, not of people.
Lecture 4
Understanding Paragraphs
Beggars do not envy millionaires, though of course they will envy other beggars who are more successful.
"Hope is the poor man's bread."
The ability to put forth sound and compelling arguments is an important skill in everyday life. E.g. You can use argumentation to make a point in a class discussion, talk an employer into giving you a day off.
Then…
Structure
Presenting your own arguments Present reasons Support your reasons logically with evidence Conclusion Restate your position Summarize your main arguments Suggest what actions should be taken Warn what might happen if your position is not accepted
Essay writing has been divided into four major modes: (rhetorical perspective) Description: picture of a person, place, or thing Narration: the story of sth. that happened Exposition: provide information and explain Argumentation: support a point or defend a position Exposition is further divided into Examples, process, definition, classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect
You will lose credibility if you argue against something that clearly makes sense. Admit the merit of one aspect of the other argument while making it clear that you will believe your argument to be stronger overall.