2012年上海大学英语翻译基础

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2012年上海外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc

2012年上海外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：22，分数：40.00)1.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Austerity measures（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.UNESCO（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The US Senate（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.APEC（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.The Washington Post（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.NATO（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Arab Spring（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Gary Locke（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Reuters（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.The Wall Street Journal（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.十二五规划（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.十七届三中全会（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.全国人大（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.新华社（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.软实力（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.中美战略经济对话（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.上海合作组织（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.珠江三角洲（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.西气东输（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.北京共识（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)23.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.Reforming Education —The great schools revolution Education remains the trickiest part of attempts to reform the public sector. But as ever more countries embark on it, some vital lessons are beginning to be learned Sep 17th 2011|DRESDEN, NEW YORK AND WROCLAW| from the print edition From Toronto to Wroclaw, London to Rome, pupils and teachers have been returning to the classroom after their summer break. But this September schools themselves are caught up in a global battle of ideas. In many countries education is at the forefront of political debate, and reformers desperate to improve their national performance are drawing examples of good practice from all over the world. Why now? One answer is the sheer amount of data available on performance, not just within countries but between them. In 2000 the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) at the OECD, a rich-country club, began tracking academic attainment by the age of 15 in 32 countries. Many were shocked by where they came in the rankings. (PISA's latest figures appear in table 1.) Other outfits, too, have been measuring how good or bad schools are. McKinsey, a consultancy, has monitored which education systems have improved most in recent years. Technology has also made a difference. After a number of false starts, many people now believe that the internet can make a real difference to educating children. Hence the success of institution like America's Kahn Academy (see article). Experimentation is also infectious; the more governments try things, the more others examine, and copy, the results. Above all, though, there has been a change in the quality of the debate. In particular, what might be called "the three great excuses" for bad schools have receded in importance? Teachers' union have long maintained that failures in Western education could be blamed on skimpy government spending, social class and cultures that did not value education. All these make a difference, but they do not determine outcomes by themselves. The idea that good schooling is about spending money is the one that has been beaten back hardest. Many of the 20 leading economic performers in the OECD doubled or tripled their education spending in real terms between 1970 and 1994, yet outcomes in many countries stagnated —or went backwards. Educational performance varies widely even among countries that spend similar amounts per pupil. Such spending is highest in the United States—yet America lags behind other developed countries on overall outcomes in secondary education. Andreas Schleicher, head of analysis at PISA, thinks that only about 10% of the variation in pupil performance has anything to do with money. Many still insist, though, that social class makes a difference. Martin Johnson, an education trade unionist, points to Britain's "inequality between classes, which is among the largest in the wealthiest nations" as the main reason why its pupils under perform. A review of reforms over the past decade by researchers at Oxford University supports him. "Despite rising attainment levels," it concludes, "there has been little narrowing of long standing and sizeable attainment gaps. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds remain at higher risks of poor outcomes." American studies confirm the point; Dan Goldhaber of the University of Washington claims that "non-school factors", such as family income, account for as much as 60% of a child's performance in school.Yet the link is much more variable than education egalitarians suggest. Australia, for instance, has wide discrepancies of income, but came a creditable ninth in the most recent PISA study. China, rapidly developing into one of the world's least equal societies, finished first. Culture is certainly a factor. Many Asian parents pay much more attention to their children's test results than Western ones do, and push their schools to succeed. Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea sit comfortably at the top of McKinsey's rankings (see table 2). But not only do some Western countries do fairly well; there are also huge differences within them. Even if you put to one side the unusual Asians, as this briefing will now do, many Western systems could jump forward merely by bringing their worst schools up to the standard of their best. So what are the secrets of success? Though there is no one template, four important themes emerge:decentralisation (handing power back to schools); a focus on underachieving pupils; a choice of different sorts of schools; and high standards for teachers. These themes can all betraced in three places that did well in McKinsey's league: Ontario, Poland and Saxony.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 25.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 26.国务院新闻办发表《中国特色社会主义法律体系》白皮书，这是2011年10月27号发布的。

2012年上海对外经贸大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2012年上海对外经贸大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语(30 points)1. Opening hours【答案】营业时间2. Maiden work【答案】处女作3. AKA【答案】也被称为（Also Known As）4. Earth day【答案】地球日5. fiduciary responsibility【答案】受托责任6. bury-head-into-sand attitude【答案】鸵鸟政策7. unaccompanied baggage 【答案】非随带行李8. state-of-the-art policy 【答案】9. ICAO【答案】国际民用航空组织10. Vice-president【答案】副总统11. ABS【答案】防锁死刹车系统12. Cash market【答案】现货市场13. Clean freight【答案】清洁运输14. minimum free【答案】最小自由15. FAO【答案】联合国粮农组织二、将下列短语译成英语(30 points)1. 一个朝南的房间【答案】a room facing south2. 流行艺术【答案】pop art3. 自有品牌产品【答案】products of the private label/own brand4. 贸易自由化【答案】free trade5. 一个刚来的客人【答案】a new guest6. 加入中国共产党【答案】join the Communist Party of China7. 中国网球公开赛【答案】China Open8. 专职人员【答案】full-time staff9. 提高全民族的环保意识【答案】improve the environmental awareness of the whole nation10. 有号召力，能领导复杂项目【答案】to have the ability to lead complex projects11. 哈佛大学【答案】Harvard University12. 一份工资较低的工作【答案】a job with low pay13. 见证人【答案】witness14. 世界卫生组织【答案】World Health Organization15. 有机增长【答案】Organic Growth三、将下列短文译成汉语(45 points)WHY IS THERE LIFE ON EARTH?Earth is unique in the Solar System as being the only planet which is able to support life in all its forms: from basic living micro-organisms to highly sophisticated and intelligent human beings. There are many reasons why this happens.REASON ONE: ATMOSPHEREEarth has a breathable atmosphere. Oxygen is the gas that is required for the life of most creatures. This is present in Earth's atmosphere and also in water. Oxygen is constantly put into the atmosphere by plants and trees. Earth's atmosphere also contains a small amount of carbon dioxide. This is a poisonous gas which makes up most of the atmosphere of planets like Venus and Mars and makes them unable to support human life.REASON TWO: CLIMATEEarth has a suitable climate. This is caused by the moderate amount of carbondioxide in the planet's atmosphere, which is constantly refreshed whenever there is a volcanic eruption. The temperature on Earth does not go from one extreme to the other either. Mercury can be anything from 200°c below freezing to 375°c above. At 375°c, water would only exist as a gas, and the planet would be completely dry.REASON THREE: WATEREarth has water! Water is believed to be the most important chemical necessary for life. It contains the oxygen needed for life. Other liquids contain poisonous elements. Water doesn't burn skin (like liquids containing acids do), it is drinkable, and it allows life-providing molecules to move around easily. Other moons in the Solar System, such as Europe, a moon of Jupiter, are believed to have oceans of water under its icy surface.REASON FOUR: LIGHTAll planets receive light from the Sun, but no planet uses it as usefully as Earth. Trees and plants on the planet produce oxygen through a process called photosynthesis. Plants need the Sun to grow. Look at plants in windows and notice how they usually seem to grow towards the Sun. Try growing a plant in a dark room and in a light room. Notice which one grows quicker. The one which has grown quickest is the one which also produces more oxygen. It is believed that if we were able to get plants to grow on another planet, such as Mars, they would begin putting oxygen into the planet's atmosphere and increase the possibility of life. Saturn's moon, Titan, has an atmosphere containing mainly nitrogen. If this moon was to possess oxygen too in its atmosphere, by a plant photosynthesising on it, it。

2012年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．EQ正确答案：情商(Emotional Quotient)2．A/P正确答案：付款通知(advice and pay)3．IMF正确答案：国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)4．LAN正确答案：局域网(Local Area Network)5．GMO正确答案：转基因生物(Genetically Modified Organism)6．ISS正确答案：工业标准规格(Industry Standard Specifications)7．ICRC正确答案：国际红十字委员会(International Committee of the Red Cross)8．UNEP正确答案：联合国环境规划署(United Nations Environment Programme)9．TARGET正确答案：泛欧实时全额自动清算系统(The Trans一European AutomatedReal-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer) 10．carbon footprint正确答案：碳足迹11．Church of England正确答案：英国国教12．fine arts正确答案：美术13．multi-language vendor正确答案：多语种供应商14．liberal arts education正确答案：博雅教育15．Standard & Poor’s Composite Index正确答案：标准普尔综合指数汉译英16．《论语》正确答案：The Analects of Confucius17．脸谱正确答案：Facebook18．安乐死正确答案：euthanasia19．核威慑正确答案：nuclear deterrence20．概念文化正确答案：concept culture21．教育公平正确答案：education equality22．国际结算正确答案：international settlement23．经济适用房正确答案：economically affordable house24．文化软实力正确答案：cultural soft power25．行政问责制正确答案：administrative accountability system26．保税物流园区正确答案：bonded logistics park27．中国海关总署正确答案：General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China 28．黑社会性质组织正确答案：underworld organization29．和平共处五项原则正确答案：the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence30．《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要(2010一2020)》正确答案：National Medium and Long-term Talent Development Plan(2010-2020)英汉互译英译汉31．The current limitations of internet learning are actually those of publishing world: who creates a quality product that offers a coherent analysis of the world we live in? The answer has to lie in a group of people, organized in some way both intellectually and technologically. In the past this has usually been through books and articles. Some of the learning successes of the internet illustrate just how this can work in practice. A classic example is Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia created on a largely voluntary basis by contributors. The underlying mechanism of Wikipedia are technological; you can author an article by following hyperlinks—and the instructions. There are intellectual mechanisms built in, looking at the quality of what is submitted. This does not mean that the articles are equally good, or equal in quality to those encyclopedias created by expert, paid authors. However, there is no doubt that the service is a useful tool, and a fascinating demonstration of the power of distributed volunteer networks. A commercial contrast—which is also free—is the very rigorous Wolfram mathematics site, which has definitions and explanations of many key mathematical concepts. For students who use them with the same academic, critical approach they should apply to any source of information, such resources are useful tools, especially when supplemented by those of national organizations such as the Library of Congress, the National Science Foundation and other internationally recognized bodies. There are, of course, commercially available library services that offer electronic versions of printed media, such as journals, for both professional and academic groups, and there is already a fundamental feature of higher and professional education. Regardless of the medium through which they learn, people have to be critical users of information, but at the same time the information has to be appealing and valuable to the learner.(From Making Minds by Pal Kelley. 2008. Pp. 127-128)正确答案：目前限制网络学习的实际上是出版界：分析我们这个世界的优秀作品是由谁来创作的呢?答案就在一群智力和技术上都有条理的人士身上。

[考研类试卷]2012年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2012年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 Wi-Fi2 ISO3 DNA4 IMF5 nitrogen oxide6 autoalarm7 biological agent8 Charles Darwin9 multistage rocket10 radio navigational instruments11 probability theory12 geoastrophysics13 neon14 semiconductor15 communicative translation汉译英16 矿物燃料17 载人飞船18 人工智能19 信息类文本20 电化学21 千瓦22 功能对等23 工程制图24 改写本25 克隆26 机辅翻译27 博客搜索28 字面翻译29 天宫1号太空舱30 同声传译英译汉31 One measure of a robust transportation system is the diversity of travel modes. US cities are dominated by a single mode: the private car. On average, each person in the US cities sampled in 1990 logged 10,870 kilometers(6,750 miles)of city driving more than a round trip across North America. Growth in car use in the US cities between 1980 and 1990 was 2,000 kilometers per person, nearly double the increase in the Canadian cities, which have the next highest driving level. In industrial countries, urban car use has tended to rise as population density has declined. US cities have led the trend toward dispersed, low-density development. Between 1983 and 1990, the average roundtripcommute to work in the United States grew 25%, to 17 kilometers(11 miles). As cities sprawl, cars become essential while transit, bicycling, and walking become less practical. Compact Asian and European cities thus have the highest levels of non-motorized transport.As car use rises, car-related problems mount. Fatal crashes, for example, increase. The exception is cities in developing countries, where low car use is offset by poor signals and safety regulations. Nonetheless, highly car-reliant US cities exceed even developing Asian cities in per capital traffic fatalities. Worldwide, traffic accidents kill some 885,000 people each year—equivalent to 10 fatal jumbo jet crashes per day—and injure many times more.[Key Words]log v. 把......记入航海(或飞行)transit n.运输，经过jumbo jet 大型喷气式客机32 Scientists continue to find new ways to insert genes for specific traits into plant and animal DNA. A field of promise—and a subject of debate—genetic engineering is changing the food we eat and the world we live in.Just what are genetically engineered foods, and who is eating them? What do we know about their benefits—and their risks? What effect might engineered plants have on the environment and on agricultural practices around the world? Can they help feed and preserve the health of the Earth's burgeoning population?In the past decade or so, the biotech plants that go into these processed foods have leaped from hothouse oddities to crops planted on a massive scale—on 130 million acres in 13 countries, among them Argentina, Canada, China, South Africa, Australia, Germany, and Spain. On U. S. farmland, acreage planted with genetically engineered crops jumped nearly 25-fold from 3. 6 million acres in 1996 to 88. 2 million acres in 2001. More than 50 different "designer" crops have passed through a federal review process, and about a hundred more are undergoing field trials. [Key Words]burgeon v．迅速成长、迅速发展oddity n．奇异，古怪汉译英33 中国科学家在沿海省份大面积试验用海水灌溉农作物，以供养众多的人口，这些人口面临土地匮乏、淡水短缺的压力。

上海大学《357英语翻译基础》专业硕士配套考研真题

上海大学《357英语翻译基础》专业硕士配套考研真题上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part I (30 points)1．Translate the following English or Chinese terminologies into Chinese or English ones respectively. (20 points)①G20【答案】20国集团@~②经适房【答案】Residence houses for low-and-medium wageearners/Affordable Housing @~③和而不同【答案】Harmonious but Different @~④工业“三废”【答案】three wastes(waste gas, waste water and waste residues) @~⑤保障性住房【答案】indemnificatory housing @~2．What factors do you think need to be taken into consideration when you are commissioned to translate a source text? (10 points)【答案】We should follow two principles—faithfulness and expressiveness. Faithfulness means the full and complete conveying or transmission of the original content or thought. Expressiveness demands that the version must be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense. @~Part II Put the following passage into Chinese (60 points)TRUE!—nervous—very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses—not destroyed—not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! And observe how healthily —how calmly I can tell you the whole story.It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture—a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees—very gradually—I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded—with what caution—with what foresight—with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night about midnight I turned the latch of his door and opened it—oh, so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern all closed, closed so that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly —very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man’s sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha! —would a madman have been so wise as this? And then when my head was well in the room I undid the lantern cautiously —oh, so cautiously —cautiously (for the hinges creaked)—I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights—every night just at midnight—but I found the eye always closed, and so it was impossible to do the work, for it was not the old man who vexed me but his Evil Eye. And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into the chamber and spoke courageously to him, calling him by name in a hearty tone, and inquiring how he had passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man, indeed, to suspect that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon him while he slept.Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watch’s minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own powers—of my sagacity.I could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph. To think that there I was opening the door little by little, and he not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea, and perhaps he heard me, for he moved on the bed suddenly as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back —but no. His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness (for the shutters were close fastened through fear of robbers), and so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door, and I kept pushing it on steadily, steadily.I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in the bed, crying out—“Who’s there?”.【朱振武译】《泄密的心》真的——紧张——非常紧张，极度紧张，以前，现在，都是这样。

上海理工大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年

上海理工大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ.(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Wi-Fi（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Wi-Fi无线保真技术2.ISO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：ISO (International Organization for Standardization)国际标准化组织3.DNA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)脱氧核糖核酸4.IMF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：IMF (International Monetary Fund)国际货币基金组织5.nitrogen oxide（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：nitrogen oxide氧化氮6.autoalarm（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：autoalarm自动报警器7.biological agent（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：biological agent生物制剂8.Charles Darwin（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Charles Darwin查尔斯·达尔文9.multistage rocket（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：multistage rocket多级火箭10.radio navigational instruments（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：radio navigational instruments无线电导航仪器11.probability theory（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：probability theory概率论12.geoastrophysics（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：geoastrophysics天文地球物理学13.neon（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：neon霓虹灯14.semiconductor（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：semiconductor半导体municative translation（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：communicative translation交际翻译16.矿物燃料（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：矿物燃料fossil fuel17.载人飞船（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：载人飞船manned spacecraft18.人工智能（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：人工智能artificial intelligence19.信息类文本（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：信息类文本informative text20.电化学（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：电化学electrochemistry21.千瓦（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：千瓦kilowatt22.功能对等（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：功能对等functional equivalence23.工程制图（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：工程制图engineering drawing24.改写本（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：改写本adaptation25.克隆（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：克隆clone26.机辅翻译（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：机辅翻译computer aided translation27.博客搜索（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：博客搜索blog search28.字面翻译（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：字面翻译literal translation29.天宫1号太空舱（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：天宫1号太空舱Tiangong 1 space capsule30.同声传译（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：同声传译simultaneous interpretation二、Ⅱ.(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Source Text 1:(总题数：1，分数：30.00)31.One measure of a robust transportation system is the diversity of travel modes. US cities are dominated by a single mode: the private car. On average, each person in the US cities sampled in 1990 logged10,870 kilometers (6,750 miles) of city driving more than a round trip across North America. Growth in car use in the US cities between 1980 and 1990 was 2,000 kilometers per person, nearly double the increase in the Canadian cities, which have the next highest driving level. In industrial countries, urban car use has tended to rise as population density has declined.US cities have led the trend toward dispersed, low-density development. Between 1983 and 1990, the average roundtrip commute to work in the United States grew 25%, to 17 kilometers (11 miles). As cities sprawl, cars become essential while transit , bicycling, and walking become less practical. Compact Asian and European cities thus have the highest levels of non-motorized transport.As car use rises, car-related problems mount. Fatal crashes, for example, increase. The exception is cities in developing countries, where low car use is offset by poor signals and safety regulations. Nonetheless, highly car-reliant US cities exceed even developing Asian cities in per capital traffic fatalities. Worldwide, traffic accidents kill some 885,000 people each year—equivalent to 10 fatal jumbo jet crashes per day—and injure many times more.[Key Words]log v.把……记入航海(或飞行) transit n.运输，经过jumbo jet 大型喷气式客机（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：衡量一个交通体系发达的尺度就是多样化的出行方式。

2012年上海外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年上海外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．Austerity measures正确答案：财政紧缩措施2．UNESCO正确答案：(United Nations Educational Science and Cultural Organization)联合国教科文组织3．The US Senate正确答案：(美国)参议院4．APEC正确答案：(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)亚太经济合作组织亚太经合组织5．The Washington Post正确答案：(美国)《华盛顿邮报》6．NATO正确答案：(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北大西洋公约组织7．Arab Spring正确答案：阿拉伯之春8．Gary Locke正确答案：骆家辉(原美国驻华大使)9．Reuters正确答案：(美国)路透社10．The Wall Street Journal正确答案：(美国)《华尔街日报》汉译英11．十二五规划正确答案：Twelfth Five-Year Plan12．十七届三中全会正确答案：the Third Plenary Session of the seventeenth Central Committee 13．全国人大正确答案：NPC(National People’s Congress)14．新华社正确答案：the Xinhua News Agency15．软实力正确答案：Soft Power16．中美战略经济对话正确答案：China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue17．上海合作组织正确答案：SCO(Shanghai Cooperation Organization)18．珠江三角洲正确答案：Pearl River Delta19．西气东输正确答案：project of natural gas transmission from West to East China;West-East Gas Pipeline20．北京共识正确答案：Beijing Consensus英汉互译英译汉21．Reforming Education —The great schools revolution Education remains the trickiest part of attempts to reform the public sector. But as ever more countries embark on it, some vital lessons are beginning to be learned Sep 17th 2011|DRESDEN, NEW YORK AND WROCLAW| from the print edition From Toronto to Wroclaw, London to Rome, pupils and teachers have been returning to the classroom after their summer break. But this September schools themselves are caught up in a global battle of ideas. In many countries education is at the forefront of political debate, and reformers desperate to improve their national performance are drawing examples of good practice from all over the world. Why now? One answer is the sheer amount of data available on performance, not just within countries but between them. In 2000 the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) at the OECD, a rich-country club, began tracking academic attainment by the age of 15 in 32 countries. Many were shocked by where they came in the rankings. (PISA’s latest figures appear in table 1.) Other outfits, too, have been measuring how good or bad schools are. McKinsey, a consultancy, has monitored which education systems have improved most in recent years. Technology has also made a difference. After a number of false starts, many people now believe that the internet can make a real difference to educating children. Hence the success of institution like America’s Kahn Academy (see article). Experimentation is also infectious; the more governments try things, the more others examine, and copy, the results. Above all, though, there has been a change in the quality of the debate. In particular, what might be called “the three great excuses”for bad schools have receded in importance? Teachers’union have long maintained that failures in Western education could be blamed on skimpy government spending, social class and cultures that did not value education. All these make a difference, but they do not determine outcomes by themselves. The idea that good schooling is about spending money is the one that has been beaten back hardest. Many of the 20 leading economic performers in the OECD doubled or tripled their education spending in real terms between 1970 and 1994, yet outcomes in many countries stagnated—or went backwards. Educational performance varies widely even among countries that spend similar amounts per pupil. Such spending is highest in the United States—yet America lags behind other developed countries on overall outcomes in secondary education. Andreas Schleicher, head of analysis at PISA, thinks that only about 10% of the variation in pupil performance has anything to do with money. Many still insist, though, that socialclass makes a difference. Martin Johnson, an education trade unionist, points to Britain’s “inequality between classes, which is among the largest in the wealthiest nations” as the main reason why its pupils under perform. A review of reforms over the past decade by researchers at Oxford University supports him. “Despite rising attainment levels,” it concludes, “there has been little narrowing of long standing and sizeable attainment gaps. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds remain at higher risks of poor outcomes.” American studies confirm the point; Dan Goldhaber of the University of Washington claims that “non-school factors”, such as family income, account for as much as 60% of a child’s performance in school.Yet the link is much more variable than education egalitarians suggest. Australia, for instance, has wide discrepancies of income, but came a creditable ninth in the most recent PISA study. China, rapidly developing into one of the world’s least equal societies, finished first. Culture is certainly a factor. Many Asian parents pay much more attention to their children’s test results than Western ones do, and push their schools to succeed. Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea sit comfortably at the top of McKinsey’s rankings (see table 2). But not only do some Western countries do fairly well; there are also huge differences within them. Even if you put to one side the unusual Asians, as this briefing will now do, many Western systems could jump forward merely by bringing their worst schools up to the standard of their best. So what are the secrets of success? Though there is no one template, four important themes emerge: decentralisation (handing power back to schools); a focus on underachieving pupils; a choice of different sorts of schools; and high standards for teachers. These themes can all betraced in three places that did well in McKinsey’s league: Ontario, Poland and Saxony.正确答案：教育改革——教育大改革教育改革始终是社会改革中最棘手的一部分，但随着越来越多的国家着手进行改革，人们逐渐学到一些重要的经验教训。

上海大学翻硕复习侧重点

上海大学翻硕复习侧重点1、357英语翻译基础到了冲刺复习阶段，最好的就是考研历年的翻译真题和前期整理的笔记。

真题可以解决考研翻译中的单词问题、句子结构问题、翻译考点问题;笔记可以将参考书由厚变薄，加快复习进度。

下面强调一下翻译真题的使用方法：(1)精雕细琢，自我提高首先，要完全理解原文，对原文中不懂的单词，需要翻翻词典，如果这个单词是大纲单词，你没有掌握的话，你需要把这个单词记录下来，以备后面自己作为基础来掌握。

第二，对原文的句子的逻辑和语法结构，需要完全把握。

要记住翻译的原则：让句子更通顺，切不要改变原文的意义。

(2)模拟考试，写出译文之所以要“写出译文”，是因为我们是在“做”翻译，不是“看”翻译。

很多学习英语的人都有这样的经验：明明自己把句子看懂了，也大概理解英语原文，可是就是表达不出来，经常是“只可意会，不可言传”。

问题就在于翻译实践的练习不够，“做”得不够。

(3)比对答案，查找问题2、211翻译硕士英语这个科目的两大学习任务是在广度和深度上提高英语词汇的学习;加大对文章主旨和背景知识的了解和文章写作意图的理解力上。

加强对近义词和反义词的区分和学习。

高级英语要十分重视写作能力和阅读理解能力的提高。

(1)单词记忆完成易混超难词汇、词汇前后缀、熟词生义、同义词近义词辨析、短语等的记忆，在比较中进行记忆，对单词深化记忆。

(2)阅读理解阅读专项训练一定要按时按质完成。

经过前期的阅读训练，各位同学的阅读水平应该已经有了一定的基础，以后的阅读复习就要以真题为主，掌握阅读技巧，使阅读理解能力有一个质的飞跃。

同时，通过大量的真题练习和模拟练习来发现问题，学习的落脚点落在答题拿分上。

要研究真题和练习，确定出题者的意图，梳理出清晰的答题思路。

3、448汉语百科知识与写作(1)名词解释这部分重点测验的就是考生平时所积累的常识，包括政治经济科技宗教文化等各个方面。

建议广大考试在这阶段重点查看历年真题，梳理出考试的常考点，将知识点精简化、成串化，在理解的基础上，学习用较为准确的语言表达出来，有的词很可能今年这个学校考了明年另一个学校再考。

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2012年上海大学英语翻译基础Part I (30％)1 Translate the following English or Chinese terminologies into Chinese or English ones respectively. (four points for each item):A G20B 经适房C 和而不同D 工业“三废”E 保障性住房2 What factors do you think need to be taken into consideration when you are commissioned to translate a source text? (ten points )Part II. Put the following passage into English ( 60％)统筹战时医学教育问题抗日是一场全民族的战争。

战事一开，就是人无分男女老幼地无分东南西北，全国上下，都有守土抗战之责。

抗战工作千头万绪，医疗卫生在其中占据重要的地位。

无论前方浴血奋战的将士，还是后方流离失所的难民与民众，均需有卫生、医疗、救护、防疫等设施。

原先就极为匮乏的医护人员，更显得宝贵异常，求远过于供。

战争迫切需要各医学教育机关，在最短的时间内造就最大数量的医事人员。

抗战初期，医学院校一度出现了混乱倾向。

有的医学院对于抗战工作非常热情，将所有的教授和学生，全部参加前后方的医疗救护工作，医学院事实上已处于停顿状态。

有的医学院，为保存实力，携带设备，率领师生，由甲移乙，复有乙移丙，流徙师生的生活几同难民，艰苦自不待言。

而有的医学院则闭关自守，照常工作，几不知此时为抗战时期，而不注意对于国家和名族应负之责任。

政府对上述偏向，理应加以及时指导。

整个医学教育，必须针对战时，重新调整。

1938年12月，颜福庆在《中华医学杂志》上发表了《战时医学教育问题》一文，对战时医学教育作了纲领性的阐述。

颜福庆指出：“战时医学院校须同时兼顾平时和战时两种工作，不可偏废。

一方面对于前后方所需的医事人员，须从事造就，二不得避免责任。

另一方面须多方设法保留原有之教授、学生及设备，以其于战事终止后，藉以恢复固有之基础。

上述两种工作，相关至切，宜有详细之考虑，严密之注意。

如顾此失彼，即不能贯彻应有之使命。

政府在非常时期统筹医学教育的唯一目的，是以最少数之经费、人才、设备，达到战时最高之教学效率。

”Part III. Put the following passage into Chinese (60％)TRUE!—nervous—very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but whywill you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses—not destroyed—not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! And observe how healthily—how calmly I can tell you the whole story.It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I hadno desire. I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture—a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees—very gradually—I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me.You should have seen how wisely I proceeded—with what caution—with what foresight—with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night about midnight I turned the latch of his door and opened it—oh, so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern all closed, closed so that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly—very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man's sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha! —would a madman have been so wise as this? And then when my head was well in the room I undid the lantern cautiously —oh, so cautiously —cautiously (for the hinges creaked)—I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights—every night just at midnight—but I found the eye always closed, and so it was impossible to do the work, for it was not the old man who vexed me but his Evil Eye. And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into the chamber and spoke courageously to him, calling him by name in a hearty tone, and inquiring how he had passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man, indeed , to suspect that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon him while he slept.Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door.A watch's minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own powers—of my sagacity. I could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph. To think that there I was opening the door little by little, and he not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea, and perhaps he heard me, for he moved on the bed suddenly as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back —but no. His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness (for the shutters were close fastened through fear of robbers), and so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door, and I kept pushing it on steadily, steadily.I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening,and the old man sprang up in the bed, crying out—”Who’s there?”。