(完整版)定语从句长难句分析
考研英语长难句总结
考研英语长难句总结一、定语从句1.The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.2.I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sittingCEOs first.3.In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patentedand not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.4.But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives ofthe founding generation.5.The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domesticsituations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.二、名词性从句1.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappychildless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.2.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and morediverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.3.What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast thingsare changing.4.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warmingseriously.三、状语从句1.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Seniorwrites that ―the ve ry things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources ofintense gratification and delight.‖2.But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – forinstance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.3.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizationsplace their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.四、后置定语1.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.2.Consumers passionate about a product may create ―earned‖ media by willingly promoting itto friends, and a company may leverage ―owned‖ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.3.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.4.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in theinstitution of the traditional classical concert.5.Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lumptogether information from different research projects.6.It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suitsone to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.7.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed inschool and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.五、伴随状语1.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.2.But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider theoriginal Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.3.Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S.economic performance.4.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.5.But particularl y when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardlysuggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.六、形式主语1.But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience.2.To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is notnecessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.3.It is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments thatscience can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.4.It’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until w e know for sure.5.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable ofeconomic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.七、形式宾语1.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.2.At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front,to make it easier to remember their names.八、长主语1.The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director hasbeen the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.2.The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministersand political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.3.The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widelymisunderstood by economists and politicians alike.4.The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the onlyMadonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.九、同位语1.Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a jobdatabase on the Internet.2.But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased inheight by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.3.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court ineffect supported the medical principle of ―double effect‖, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.4.Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measurecreativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.十、并列结构1.Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies con cerned.2.Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning thePhilharmonic into ―a markedly different, more vibrant organization.‖3.For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists mustcompete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.4.Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectualdevelopment of these and all other societies.5.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient,condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.十一、插入语1.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert iscomparatively little known.2.The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to theproper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised.3.Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing thebravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.4.The Internet –and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercialpublishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality.5.I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life theactivity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.十二、比较1.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like anopportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.2.Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating asmuch on technique as on outcome.3.In fact, the more new things we try — the more we step outside our comfort zone — the moreinherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.4.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.5.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct ourown change by consciously developing new habits.6.Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,‖ these were stores ―anyone couldenter, regardless of class or background.十三、倒装1.According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial Americawas ―s o much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.‖2.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for otherthings.3.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased ―opportunities‖ forstress.4.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a privateintelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.十四、强调句1.It was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision.2.It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because theyspend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.十五、That1.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led bymusicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.2.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they couldin turn afford more education.。
(完整版)定语从句长难句分析
定语从句长难句分析1.These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors。
译文:这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑成功的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做不同的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that引导的从句修饰economic environment.2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus ina difficult position， as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of ‘evidence' and ‘attractiveness’，especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry and income- generating activities.译文:那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡,特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
阅读理解长难句解析
阅读理解长难句解析一、定语从句1.P3 Y et members of the nation’s present educational and cultural elite still cling to thenotion that the United States belongs to some vaguely defined entity they refer to as “Western civilization,” by which they mean, presumably, a civilization created by people of Europe, as if Europe can even be viewed as completely uninfluenced by the rest of the world.2.P6 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there aremany stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appreciate responses will experience greater intellectual development.3.P9 In the “soap war” between Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, tremendous use is madeof statistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs.4.P10 Thus, to rectify the positions taken previously, where we contented ourselves withcondemnations, in my delegation’s opinion, we must find an overall solution which would come to grips with both the substance as well as the superficial aspects which, after all, serve only to compel us to keep this problem constantly on the Security Council’s agenda.5.P11 We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical changein matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.6.P13 The revolution soon spread to Western Europe and the United States which, duemainly to the development of her northeastern iron industry, became the world’s leading industrial nation by the late 1800s.7.P13 The man who has not learned anything about how to understand his own intentionsand to make them effective, who has not learned something about what is possible and what impossible through experiences and books, will be enslaved by the political and social intentions of other men.8.P16 Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiologicalmechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes.9.P19 While this boundary does not mark the outer limit of a State’s territory, since ininternational law the territorial sea forms part of a State’s territory, it does represent the demarcation between that maritime area (internal waters) where other States enjoy no general rights, and those maritime areas (the territorial sea and other zones) where other States do enjoy certain general rights.10.P19 He finds that students who were easy to teach, because they succeeded in puttingeverything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks.11.P 20 But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as apinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.12.P53 At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built which will determine howsleepy you are as you drive, which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers.二、分割结构1. P54 I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of she after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.2. P54 Such an outcome, if it happens, could cause a political controversy; or it could lead to more power being transferred to the EU in the worst possible circumstances, namely when the Union is deeply unpopular.3. P 55 That fact, let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four, led by Britain, that have not joined, is likely to mean that the Union should become a multisystem entity, with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things.4. P55 This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.5.P58 Y ou have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense , manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.6. P63 The main burden of assuring that the resources of the federal government are well managed falls on relatively few of the five million men and women whom it employs.7. P65 It means that the United States, as compared with that position we found ourselves in immediately after World War II, had a challenge such as we did not even dream of.8. P70 Every particle has acting on it a force which urges it downward.13.P70 A new trend in radio broadcasting that developed during the late 1960s was the “talkshow”, featuring conversations between listeners and announcers or guests in the studio. 14.P72 They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individuallives.15.P74 And numerous experiments have shown once the concept of self is changed, otherthings consistent with the new concept of self are accomplished easily and without strain. 16.P75 He had no thought of the time to come when his muscles would not be so mighty, norhis health so superb, and when he would not be able to work harder.三、否定句1.P171 But even he was unable to discover how long the gorilla lives, or how or why it dies, nor was he able to define the exact social patterns of the family groups, or indicate the final extent of their intelligence.2.P172 Descriptive linguists cannot explain how a sentence is transformed – or, in other words, indicate such relationships as that between active and passive voice.3.P173 For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life – growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one –as a personal recognition of your limitations.4.P175 Who knows but it will rain tomorrow?5.P176 I know not what, nor where, neither what latitude, what country, what nation or what river. I neither saw, nor desired to see any people; the principal thing I wanted was fresh water.6.P176 He had never touched anything in the library other than American novels.7.P177 Don’t tell him more than you can help.8.P177 Rather than condemnation there was some kindness in the man’s voice.9.P178 Certainly I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.10.P179 They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law.11.P181 He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am.12.P182. One can’t be too careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.13.P;183 Y ou cannot be careful enough. Y ou cannot take enough care.14.P184 There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents… No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children.15.P185 A book may be compared to your neighbor, if it be good, it can not last too long; if bad, you can not get rid of it too early.四、省略句1.P80 If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle, how often can it be expected to fall on a line and how often into a blank space?2.P81 Neither do we know how the universe begin, nor how it will end – if, indeed, it ends at all.3. Son and father, together, had saved the day – he by holding out for something he enjoyed and I by having the sense, finally, to realize that he was right, and to let go of my dream of how things should be.4.P85 The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers.5.P85 The European Union is an imperfect creature, with some of its actions based on fine principles of political economy and some one poor ones.6.P86 To Americans, being on one’s own suggests that one is a fully independent and functioning part of the whole capable and willing to make choices.7.P87 For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever.8.P88 Airline pilots, in fact, whose experience is so obviously relevant that it ought to serve as a guide, often live by their own watches, ignoring local tim e, and have breakfast at midnight if necessary.9.P91 The question “what are the roads like?”may when asked at one time, refer to the condition of the surface, at another, to their narrowness, at another to the traffic upon them, and at still another to the presence or otherwise of ice or snow.10.P92 The largest known raindrops are slightly less than a quarter inch across or would be if they were perfectly round.11.P92 Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.12.P93 In their hearts, women think it is men’s business to earn money and theirs to spend it – if possible during their husband’s life, but, at any rate, after his death.13.P95 I could accept this fact with calmness because I know that if I wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, chances were that no other surgeon could have, either.14.P98 By taking thought, men can move mountains – and have.五、分词作状语1.P150 Americans have always been deeply ambivalent, revering the nation’s immigrationroots and enjoying cheap immigrant labor, but resenting the newcomers who flood their cities,drain their service and dilute their culture.2.P152 The spate of shootings had appeared to be easing recently, however, with attacksmainly confined to tourists visiting the south of the country.3.P153 Blake, now 73 and living in relative poverty in a flat in Moscow, was responsible forthe deaths of several British agents after he became a Russian spy, following his capture by North Koreans and conversion to communism.4.P154 There are many other exchange expressions, but those who are not well versed inexchange terminology would do well to confine themselves to the use of expressions “favorable”and “unfavorable”when describing movements in exchange from the point of view of their countries, or to the use of “appreciate”and “depreciate”when describing a movement in the value of any particular currency.5.P155 The fuel is easy enough to produce: hydrogen can be extracted from water, usingelectricity, or cooled out of natural gas and even municipal waste, using heat.6.P156 Put your palms together in front of you, your elbows pointing out the sides, yourfingertips pointing upward, and push so that you feel pressure in the heels of your palms and under your arms.7.P158 Therefore, both jogging and dieting, carried to extremes, can be hazardous.8.P159 Since the 1950s scores of major urban newspapers have ceased operation, leavingmost large U.S. cities with no more than one morning and one afternoon newspaper.9.P159 Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever longer warning labels, tryingto anticipate every possible accident.10.P161 Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirelyautomatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.11.P162 The net result is a continuous flow of gas, starting as hot gases in intergalactic spaceand ending as a drizzle of cool gas called a “cooling flow”, falling into the central galaxy. 12.P165 Further, many universities have become enslaved to their own bureaucratic process,often placing first-year students in classes beyond their actual level of competence, based on placement exams that do not accurately measure true ability.13.P166 Finally he had saved $ 50, which some Henning people living in Chicago, who wereback home visiting, had assured him was enough to see him eat and sleep long enough to find himself a job that would put him on his feet.。
高考英语专题复习：长难句分析(定语从句)：高考真题+各版本教材长难句汇总5
长难句分析（定语从句）：高考真题+各版本教材长难句汇总5定语从句1. （定语从句）At first, in spite of disliking him, she did not discount his affection, and was sensitive to the painshe was going to cause him when she declined his feelings. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P47) 起初，虽然不喜欢他，她并没有漠视他的爱，而且还很在意拒绝他的求婚会给他带来的痛苦。
2. （定语从句）Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds andan amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P16) 阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力，使他能够对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物做出解释。
3. （定语从句）Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was “TheFoundation Trilogy” (1951-1953), three stories about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P16) 在他那些最富盛名的科幻小说中，那本获奖的书叫做《基地三部曲》（1951-1953），书有三个小故事组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与复兴。
(完整版)长难句重难点整理
长难句（1）考研英语长难句四大类型及五大特点一、长难句的特点英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列或平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句,即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；③状语从句。
英语长难句五大特点:1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;3）常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;4)并列成分多;5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长；二、考研英语长难句分析类别第一类：复杂修饰成分句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。
1、从句（定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰；2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。
经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语，且都不止一个.例：The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.分析：主语:The methods；谓语：come into being；that a community devises to perpetuate itself为定语从句，修饰the methods；不定式to表示目的状语;that community perceives as essential为定语从句，修饰the cultural legacy。
译文:一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。
第二类：大段的插入与或同位语，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解的困难。
我们称之为“打岔”。
例:Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations， rather than representations, of reality.分析:在浏览该句时，发现句子中出现了双逗号,其中间的内容rather than representations为插入语，浏览的时候先跳过。
分析攻克长难句之定语从句
分析攻克长难句之定语从句分析攻克长难句之定语从句一、定语从句的识别1、结构识别：名词+连接词+句子【例句】Kevingaveusawonderfultrainingcourse,whichleftusadeepimpress ion.【解析】这个句子的前身应该是这样的：Kevingaveusawonderfultrainingcourse.Itleftusadeepimpression .it就是指代前面这个句子，这样两个句子就有了共有的名词，连接两个具有共同名词的句子是定语从句的作用，就可以用which代替it，这样就有了示例中的非限定性定语从句。
2、常用连接词：关系代词：who,whom,which,that,as,whose关系连词：when,where,why,how介词+关系代词：as和that以及who一般不能接到介词后引导句子二、定语从句的处理方法1、按照定语的处理方法将定语从句前置，这种处理方式适用于比较短的和起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
2、在考研中大多数的`定语从句起的作用是连接句子，因此我们通常把定语从句从整个句子中独立拆分出来单独成为一个句子，这种处理方法的关键是找到连接词，拆分点就是连接词。
对于“介词+连接词”引导的定语从句，拆分点就在介词处。
【例句】Thereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.【译文】存在一种特性，人之所以为人就是由于这种特性。
【解析】这句话其实是由以下两句话变来的：1)Thereissomething.2)Manismanbyvirtueofthisthing.这两句话中有共有的名词something和thisthing，用which替换掉thisthing再把ofwhich提前，得到：Thereissomethingofwhichmanismanbyvirtue.三、例句分析【例句】Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatly increasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anel ementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedf romthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetac hedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.【译文】对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。
定语从句长难句分析
定语从句长难句分析1.These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors.译文：这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑成功的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做不同的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that 引导的从句修饰economic environment.2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus in a difficult position, as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of ‘evidence’ and ‘attractiveness’, especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry and income- generating activities.译文：那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡，特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
高考 英语 长难句分析(四)长难句中的定语现象
高考英语长难句分析（四）长难句中的定语现象在分析高考英语阅读的长难句时，学生往往会被名词前后的修饰语所干扰，而不能快速识别句子主干，甚至会因修饰语而曲解句子的含义。
由此，我们今天一起看看高考英语长难句中的定语现象。
首先，定语是什么？英语中，定语是围绕在中心名词前后，用来描述说明这个中心名词细节情况的单词、短语或者从句等成分，定语使名词更加具体化。
其次，定语的位置在哪里？一般说来，单个单词做定语一般放在中心名词前，称为前置定语；短语和从句做定语一般放在中心名词后，称为后置定语。
在英语中名词的修饰语最常见的有：限定词、形容词或形容词短语、介词短语、动词不定式短语、现在分词、过去分词、定语从句等。
下面，以2019年高考真题阅读中的一些长难句为例，我们一起看看定语的具体表现形式。
例1 With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.（2019课标全国卷1）主干识别：...he seems like the kind.定语现象：介词短语中名词eyes前含有现在分词shining和形容词dark 做前置定语；介词短语中名词kid之后含有 who 引导的限制性定语从句。
参考译文：他有着闪闪发亮的黑眼睛，看起来就像那种喜欢公开演讲的孩子。
例 2 Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.（2019课标全国卷1）主干识别：Learning English can be a... experience.定语现象：介词短语中名词language前含有限定词a和数词second做前置定语；表语部分名词experience前有形容词painful做前置定语。
参考译文：把英语作为第二语言来学习可能是一种痛苦的经历。
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定语从句长难句分析
1.Thesediscoverieshaveledtothefieldknownasneuroeconomics,whichstudiestheb rain’ssecretstosuccessinaneconomicenvironmentthatdemandsinnovationand being able to do things differently from competitors.
译文：这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑胜利的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做例外的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that引导的从句修饰economic environment.
2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus in
adifficultposition,astheymuststeeranarrowcoursebetweenthedemandsof‘evidence’an d‘attractiveness’,especiallygiventheincreasingneedintheheritageindustry and income-generating activities.
译文：那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡，特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
解析：who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history是定语从句修饰前面代词。
这里的as引导的是原因状语从句。
Given引导条件状语从句，意为“鉴于”。
3.In the second half of the 18th century, we already find advocates of this view, suchasJosephPriestley,whoseRudimentsofEnglishGrammar(1761)insiststhat‘thecusto m of Speaking is the original and only just standard of any language’.
译文：在18世纪中后期，我们已经发现了这一观点的支持者，比如JosephPriestley,他1761年出版的《英语语法入门》一书中坚持认为：说话的习惯是最基本的也是任何语言的唯一标准。
解析：这是一个whose引导的定语从句，whose相当于is，insist引导一个宾语从句。
4.Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children
inapoolandayoungDianaontheedge,toreceivewithwonderanythingyoucancatch!
解析：本句是由一个主句（Timegoesfast）和两个定语从句（who...和youcancatch）和一个状语从句（when...）组成。
You can catch前省略了that。
译文：对一个有美感，能以好奇心接收你所能抓到的任何东西的人来说，时间总是过得很快，比如当戏水池里有几个可爱的孩子，池边还有一位如戴安娜似的的年青女子时。
5.In most situations where music is performed in our culture, it is not difficult to dis-tinguish the audience from the performers, but such is often not the case in Africa.解析：where引出的定语从句修饰situations,进一步说明situations的情况。
译文：在我们的文化环境中表演音乐节目时，大多数情况下不难将观众与表演者区分开来，但在非洲，情况往往相反。
6.In one experiment, subjects aged 6 to 22 were shown drawings of female faces thathad different sized pupils, and asked to choose the one which was “happier“.全句主语是subjects,有两个并列谓语were shown和and asked，都是被动语态，thathaddifferentsizedpupils是定语从句作drawingsoffemalefaces的定语,which was “happier”是定语从句作the one的定语，过去分词短语aged 6 to 22是subjects的后置定语。