托福定语从句长难句
(完整版)定语从句长难句分析
定语从句长难句分析1.Thesediscoverieshaveledtothefieldknownasneuroeconomics,whichstudiestheb rain’ssecretstosuccessinaneconomicenvironmentthatdemandsinnovationand being able to do things differently from competitors.译文：这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑胜利的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做例外的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that引导的从句修饰economic environment.2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus inadifficultposition,astheymuststeeranarrowcoursebetweenthedemandsof‘evidence’an d‘attractiveness’,especiallygiventheincreasingneedintheheritageindustry and income-generating activities.译文：那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡，特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
解析：who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history是定语从句修饰前面代词。
托福长难句100句(一)
句子1In a countercurrent exchange system,the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels;thus,the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.【难点解析】本句的难点在于复杂的后置定语干扰了阅读，给我们理解句子带来了影响。
在这个句子中就是现在分词短语carrying cooled blood…做了后置定语，造成了主语the blood vessels 和谓语run被分割，后面接着出现了另一个the blood vessels carrying warm blood……，进一步加大了理解难度，让我们一时无法理清句子结构。
找到这种后置定语，划分句子主干的时候直接忽视这种修饰性成分，句子的主要信息就变得非常清晰：In a countercurrent exchange system,the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers[定语]run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body[定语]to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels;thus,the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.完成了句子主干划分之后，根据汉语的表述顺序，将后置定语往前放，这样整个句子的意思就出来了。
(完整版)定语从句长难句分析
定语从句长难句分析1.These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors。
译文:这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑成功的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做不同的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that引导的从句修饰economic environment.2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus ina difficult position， as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of ‘evidence' and ‘attractiveness’，especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry and income- generating activities.译文:那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡,特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
含有定语从句的长难句
1.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.2.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary（周年）of president Nixon’s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations.3 The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.4. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign”than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.5.Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.6、They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.7.But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.8.Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.9.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.10.2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.11. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.。
(完整版)含有定语从句的长难句
1.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.2.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary（周年）of president Nixon’s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations.3 The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.4. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign”than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.5.Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.6、They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.7.But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.8.Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.9.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.10.2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.11. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.。
托福阅读中的一句长难句讲解
托福阅读中的一句长难句讲解This nascent world system developed as a result of insatiable demands for nonlocal raw materials in different ecological regions where societies were developing along very similar evolutionary tracks toward greater complexity.本句话是来自tpo63：The Sumerians and Regional Interdependence 苏美尔人与区域相互依存这一句的难点在于：词汇难，术语多，结构复杂. 上下文逻辑理困难.第一步：句子成分划分和翻译同学们可以自己先划分句子成分，再看老师的划分。
This nascent world system + developed[ as a result of insatiable demands for nonlocal raw materials/ in different ecological regions]（where societies + were developing /along very similar evolutionary tracks/ toward greater complexity. )这句话主要有2部分：（一）主干句：主语：This nascent world system 谓语：developed 状语：as a result of insatiable demands for nonlocal raw materials in different ecological regions.这是一个有3个介词短语组成的状语结构：① as a result of insatiable demands由于贪得无厌的需求② (demands) for nonlocal raw materials对非本地的原材料的需求③ in different ecological regions（原材料）来自不同的生态区域⭐️难点2：这一些较难的生词/术语：1️⃣ nascent：“初生的、萌芽的”。
why引导定语从句的长难句
why引导定语从句的长难句以下是一个含有why引导的定语从句的长难句以及其分析：长难句："This is the reason why he refused to participate in the project, which seemed promising at first but ultimately failed to meet its objectives due to a lack of resources and effective management."分析：这个句子主要分成两个部分：主句和从句。
1. 主句：“This is the reason”。
这部分相对简单，指出某个特定的原因。
2. 从句：“why he refused to participate in the project, which seemed promising at first but ultimately failed to meet its objectives due to a lack of resources and effective management”。
这部分是对主句中“reason”的进一步解释，说明了为什么这是原因。
在这个从句中，“why he refused to participate in the project”是定语从句，修饰“the reason”。
这个定语从句用“why”引导，因为“reason”在从句中做原因状语。
换句话说，这句话说明他拒绝参加这个项目的原因。
“which seemed promising at first but ultimately failed to meet its objectives due to a lack of resources and effective management”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰“the project”。
长难句结构10类
长难句一、定语从句1.As far as the third factor is concerned, the history of science shows many instances in whichthe force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation; in some cases centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down, as happened in cosmology, for example.2.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are manystimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.3.President Kennedy wanted people who raised questions, who criticized, on whose judgmenthe could rely, who presented an intelligent point of view, regardless of their rank or viewpoint.4.In the “soap war”between Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, tremendous use is made ofstatistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs.5.Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them thanconventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.6.How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.7.Thus, to rectify the positions taken previously, where we contented ourselves withcondemnations, in my delegation’s opinion, we must find an over-all solution which would come to grips with both the substance as well as the superficial aspects which, after all, serve only to compel us to keep this problem constantly on the Security Council’s agendas.8.We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change in matteras a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.9.Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool anda young Diana on the edge, to receive with wonder anything you can catch!10.Soon light-weight phones outfitted with high-solution screen—which can be embedded ineverything from wristwatches to palm-held units—will be connected to series of low orbit satellites enabling people to talk, send and receive e-mail, or take part in video conferences any time, anywhere.二、倒装句1.Jack London poured into his writings all the pain of his life, the fierce hatred of thebourgeoisie that it had produced in him, and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.2.Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor inbringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century.3.So involved with their computers do the children become the leaders at summer computercamps often have to force them to break for sports and games.4.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business touniversalize access -- after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.5.Only after studies provided evidence of harmful effects of such programs has it been possibleto modify TV programming policies.6.Unpopular as red has been in the past at the moment it is a favorite hair style.7.Lonely was seeing his daughter only twice a week since the divorce.8.So perilous was this one that he 1was the only security officer in the site.9.In front of me stood the essential tools of the intelligence officer’s trade —a desk, twotelephone, one scrambled (改变频率使不被窃听) for outside calls, and to one side a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front.10.Not only may agencies select for genetic traits, some fear parents may start to as well in whatmight be considered the most extreme application-designing children.三、分割结构1.Such a viewpoint, particularly prominent in the developing countries, is reinforced by thewidely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of mankind.2.No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers, for, as the rhymegoes, “Change the name but not the letter, marry for worse instead of better.”3.Such an outcome, if it happens, could cause a political controversy; or it could lead to morepower being transferred to the EU in the worst possible circumstances, namely when the Union is deeply unpopular.4.That fact, let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four, led byBritain, that have not joined, is likely to mean that the Union should become a multi-system entity, with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things. 5.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to theconclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.6.Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and firstgrade.7.Whether to use tests, other kings of information, or both in particular situation depends,therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.8.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.9.Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius asbecause of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.10.“In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, waslargely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”四、省略1.The transcription needs a certain amount of editing, as even if the computer can tell thedifference between words of similar sounds such as write and right, it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.2.If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart isexactly equal to the length of the needle, how often can it be expected to fall on a line and how often into a blank space?3.And by the help of further reasoning, which if drawn out would have been exhibited in two orthree other syllogism, you arrive at your final determination, I will not have that apple.4.It is quite unnerving not to be able to see or to establish contact with the other person, eventhough we have learnt to have conversations with people we cannot see, as on the telephone.5.Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorableto life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.6.The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentiethcentury had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers.7.The European Union is an imperfect creature, with some of its actions based on fineprinciples of political economy and some on poor ones.8.To Americans, being on one’s own suggests that one is a fully independent and functioningpart of the whole capable and willing to make choices.9.For the first time a lecture was given without the slightest interruption, and every word wouldbe heard as distinctly as it would be as if there had been but a single person in the room. 10.He does not regard it as something to weigh down his pockets and spoil the line of his suitsbut as something to boost his business.五、并列平行结构1.I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confused way, if his temper iscapricious his prose will be fantastical, and if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and smile.2.He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensiveverifications are, that the more frequently experiments have been made and results of the same kind arrived at, that the more varied the conditions under which the same results have been attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further.3.For it is exciting to realize that the East and the West are not as far apart on spirit or in fact asmost of us have been led, by appearances, to believe, and that the East and the West arealready combined in a synthesis so powerful and so profound that it is all pervading.4.If the very originators of the inventions and discoveries no longer claim them, and if eventheir memory of them has fades, why should their inheritors trouble to resurrect their lost claims?ws concerning discrimination, capital punishment, sexual behavior, and the conditionsunder which individuals may be held legally responsible for their actions are influenced by psychological theories and research.6.For the friendships I have and the friendships I see are conducted at many levels of intensity,serve many different functions, meet different needs and range from those as all-the-way as the friendship of the soul sisters mentioned above to that of the most nonchalant and casual playmates.7.In fact, continuous eye contact is usually confined to lovers, who will gaze into each other’seyes for an eternity, conveying meanings that words cannot express, and baffling onlookers into the bargain.8.If you learn to read the signs, you can tell whether what a person says is what he really means,or whether, like the man whose stomach dose not move when he laughs, he is trying to deceive you.9.The 11 euro members’ rights to inflate, to finance budget deficits by printing money, to boostexports temporarily by currency devaluation are being handed over to the European Central Bank (ECB) in the most powerful way possible, by treaty.10.But that, too, is a happy thought: a Europe that is broad as well as deep, that takes account ofnational differences and is not thought of as a federalizing bully.11.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible while darkness shutyou in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line, and you waited with beating heart for something to happen?六、同位语1.The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughtsof the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best.2.The word radar, coined as a code name in World War II, was derived from the phrase RadioDetection And Ranging.3.It is just as much a surprise for the Chinese as for Westerners to realize that modernagriculture, modern shipping, the modern oil industry, modern astronomical observatories, modern music, decimal mathematics, paper money, umbrellas, wheelbarrow, multi-stage rockets, guns, underwater mines, poison gas, parachutes, hot-air balloons, manned flight, brandy, whisky, the game of chess, printing, and even the essential design of the steam engine, all came from China.4. A bad liar usually gives himself away by looking too long at his victim, in the mistaken beliefthat to “look a man straight in the eye” is a sign of honest dealing.5.This deprives governments of the one power which, under a monetary union, they most need:the ability to use national fiscal policy to counteract recessions which affect one memberstate more than the others.6.The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring,describing, tabulation, ordering, and the taking of censuses, all of which led to modern descriptive statistics.7.One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact thatofficial attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials.8.Bolles researched, wrote and self-published What Color Is Your Parachute?—the book toread before you bail out—as a voluntary way of helping others facing the same desperate experience.9.From the massive realignments taking place in the information industries to the capabilitiesof the technologies themselves, there is an often unstated assumption that everything is for the best.10.What a language guide does need is a thorough and practical knowledge of how the languageworks, a conscious knowledge that she or he can articulate in a way the ordinary native speaker cannot.七、分词作状语1.Americans have always been deeply ambivalent, revering the nation’s immigration roots andenjoying cheap immigrant labor, but resenting the newcomers who flood their cities, drain their service and dilute their culture.2.If there are no further major eruptions, in another century a new forest will have coveredmost of the land, leaving only a few reminders of the earth’s hidden power.3.The spate of shootings had appeared to be easing recently, however, with attracts mainlyconfined to tourists visiting the south of the country.4. A $20, 000 house now costs at least $200, 000, but with interest rates and property taxesbeing what they are, it’s way out of the reach of a young person just out of college, not to mention high school.5.Blake, now 73 and living in relative poverty in a flat in Moscow, was responsible for thedeaths of several British agents after he became a Russian spy, following his capture by North Koreans and conversion to communism.6.Economists have been applied a technique known as Bayesian analysis to informationproblems, enabling them to assess the dollar value of knowledge in a given setting.7.Research can unearth potential problem which might otherwise go undetected and help definetheir full scope.8.There are many other exchange expressions, but those who are not well versed in exchangeterminology would do well to confine themselves to the use of expressions “favorable” and “unfavorable”when describing movements in exchange from the point of view of their countries, or to the use of “appreciate” and “depreciate” when describing a movement in the value of any particular currency.9.If you set out some food and leave it exposed to the air, you can see for yourself thatmicrobes come uninvited.10.But rather than mixing the gases and letting them explode, a fuel cell keeps them apart with asemi-permeable membrane, the reaction can still proceed, but only very slowly, generating electricity, heat and water vapor.八、否定句1.But even he was unable to discover how long the gorilla lives, or how or why it dies, nor washe able to define the exact social patterns of the family groups, or indicate the final extent of their intelligence.2.Descriptive linguists cannot explain how a sentence is transformed —or, in other words,indicate such relationships as that between active and passive voice.3.Until now the so-called law of the sea has not been seen as a very important issue.4.There was little chance to discuss the problems with the teachers concerned or to do morethan glance at the books being used.5.The expression is well known to many students of English, but is far too good not to bequoted here.6.Who knows but it will rain tomorrow?7.As they expected to be away from the steamer only a few hours, they took enough food forone meal only and no extra clothing beyond what they stood up in.8.The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget whatthey did here.9.I know not what, nor where, neither what latitude, what country, what nation or what river. Ineither saw, nor desired to see any people; the principal thing I wanted was fresh water.10.Absence of the linear gate pulse indicates that the input pulse to be processed doesn’t meetthe requirements that are set up by the lower and upper level control and/or no pulse in present at the input.九、比较结构1.The construction of hypotheses and theories reflects the scientist’s interpretation of what heor she has observed even more clearly than observation.2.Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more than heexpects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and more serious faults.3.He was more annoyed than worried when they did not come home.4.It was a dry, cold hand, and the grip was severe, with more a feeling of bones in it thanfriendliness.5.We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day.6.Tom is no more fond of playing chess than Jack.7.The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.8.The pen is to a writer what the fun is to a fighter.9.I’ll say this, that the best shot in existence could be have done it more beautifully.10.The strongest spring sometimes leads to fatigue failure caused by excessively high stress.十、it的用法1.But now it is realized that supplies of some of then are limited, and it is even possible to givea reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all knownsources and reserves of these materials.2.The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rightsunless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.3.Unfortunately it is those places that are best avoided by all citizens that are no capturing thepopular imagination, places that offer bomb-making instructions, pornography, advice on how to steal credit cards.4.It makes sense for cyberspace participants themselves to agree on a scheme for questionableitems, so that people or automatic filters can avoid undesirable material.5.It is easy enough for software manufacturers to build an automatic filter that would preventyou or your child from ever seeing the undesired item on a menu.6.It is clear that there are several applications for gene transfer that probably will be carried outover the next five to ten years.7.It has become a platitude that one may go almost anywhere with no other linguisticequipment than English and get on almost as well s in New York.8.When he pulled up against the curb a few car-lengths ahead, it occurred to him that the trafficmight have helped him get away too.9.It is amazing how easy it is to put a dent in these new cars.10.It is not yet clear whether the new Internet elite will choose to have the lasting legacy thatearlier moguls did.。