2014春季学期八年级英语下册第八单元Section_A-2.ppt 3

3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。
Unit 8
Have you read Treasure Island yet?
现在完成时态 present perfect
Grammar Focus
Have you read Little Women yet? Yes, I have./No, I haven't.
Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?
I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好几次了。
I have been waiting for him for an hour.
我等他等了一小时。 He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。 He has been drinking coffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。
4. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示
“从过去开始一直持续到现在”这一概念, 有时
两者可以互相代用, 但前者多用于口语。
在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时, 多用现在
完成时; 如着重表示动作一直在进行, 即动作
的延续性时, 则多用现在完成进行时。
一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于
现在完成时行时。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
Yes, she has. She thinks it's fantastic.
Have you decided which book to write about 39;ve already finished reading it. It was really good.
• 现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续 have / has + V过去分词 到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，
不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990， last Sunday 等）。
• 一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态， 和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结 束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
4a. Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.
1. A: Would you like something to drink? I’ve just drunk some tea B: No, thanks. _______________________ (just/drink some tea) 2. A: I heard you lost your key. Have you found it __________________? (find) B: No, not yet. 3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving? He has already left . (already/leave) B:___________________
或者说： It is two years since he came to Beijing.
It is three weeks since he bought that book.
It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died.
即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
不能说: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years. *His grandma has died for nine months. * I have received his letter for a month. 可以说: He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months. I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
I have lived here for three years. I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.
动词构成：have/has+v过去分词
2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续
到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。 1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。 2) She has lived in Beijing for five years.
She has already finished her work. 她已经把工作做完了。 I haven’t read the story yet. 我还没读过这个故事。 Have you met him before? 你从前曾见过他吗？ Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是个好学生。 比较： I have seen him this morning . 我上午看见他了。(说话时在上午) I saw him this morning. 今天上午我遇见了他。(说话时可能是下午或者晚上) It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。(说话时仍是冬天)
她住在北京已经五年了。
注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是
一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for …, since …
等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些
词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，
注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 (如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days
ago, just now, when she came in 等)连用，
但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用； 也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如： today, this morning, this week, this year等)连用。
I haven’t finished my homework ____. yet
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。 如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。 Mother hasn’t come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。 Haven’t you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语 A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。
( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
for eg.I have been a teacher ______ a year. He has been at this school _______ since 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _______ since we came to this school.
改写句子
1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. has just ________ returned ______ from the book shop. My father ______ 2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. has learned He _____ _______ Chinese since 2001. 3.The film began two minutes ago. has ______ been ______ on The film _____ since two minutes ago. 4.He has had the motorbike for two years. bought the motorbike. It’s two years since ______he ________ bought the motorbike two years ______. ago He ________ Two years ______ ______ since he ______ has passed bought the motor bike.