Discussion phrases
Handout5 Frequently used phrases in discussion and debate in English 英语讨论常用短语
英语讨论常用短语1. Asking for an opinion 征询意见--Well… What do you think about Mr. Chen Guangbiao’s giving cash to the poor？你觉得…怎么样？--What’s your view on the matter？就这件事你的看法呢？--What’s your take?--How do you see it ？你怎么看它？--Let’s hear your opinion. 让我们听听你的意见！--Do you agree with him? 你与他的看法一致吗？2. Stating an opinion 陈述观点--Personally I think…我个人认为……--I believe that…我相信……--In my opinion…我的意见是……--The point is that…我的观点是……--I’d like to point out that…我想指出的是……--Speaking for myself…站在自己的立场上说……--As far as I’m concerned…就我而言，……--According to my experience…根据我的经验……--What I mean is that…我的意思是说……3. 如何插话--May I say a few words? 我能说两句吗？--I’m sorry to interrupt you. But I must say that he’s right. 打断你很抱歉，但我必须得说他是对的。
4. 如何谦让--Y ou go first, please. 请你先说吧。
--Please go ahead. 您请。
--It’s your turn. Gaining 该你说了。
--Say it, Catherine. 凯瑟琳，你说吧。
SCI写作高频词-词组系列”讨论(Discussion)部分总结
SCI写作高频词-词组系列”讨论（Discussion）部分总结讨论部分是SCI论文写作难度最大，也是最能体现文章深度和创新性的部分。
一般分四大部分进行描述：第一部分，精要概括文章的研究背景以及本课题的主要研究目的、实验手段以及发现的结果。
第二部分，深入讨论结果部分中的重要研究发现。
通过比对引用前人的研究结果，讨论自己的研究结果。
讨论的角度可以从课题设计、分析方法、实验技术改进等方面进行切入。
如果课题中的研究结果是验证前人的研究发现，就不需要深入讨论, 要把讨论重点放在和前人研究结果不一样，或者前人没有发现过的独特的有创新性的结果。
第三部分，指明自己研究的不足之处。
可以从课题设计、实验手段、分析方法、是否需要进一步实验验证入手。
因为任何课题都不会是完美的，能把自己的不足主动列出来并说明对本课题“有限”的影响，会让审稿人觉得作者对自己课题是很了解的，有的时候也就不会让作者再补充相关实验。
第四部分，再次总结文章的实验发现和研究意义、贡献以及下一步的研究方向。
有的期刊要求把这部分独立出来称为“Conclusion”。
讨论部分的时态一般为过去时，在介绍前人研究时，则一般采用过去时或现在完成时。
第一部分总结概括研究背景和实验结果1. “本研究”的多样化表达：in this study, these data, these observations, our work, these results2. “目前研究的不足”如何阐述：bridge the gap between, this experimental bottleneck, remainsa significant challenge, have largely been ignored as, remain a daunting challenge, has been constrained by,3. “之前的研究”表述方法：previous results have shown that, it was previously found that,4. 时间的描述方法，“最近”怎么表达：until recently, to date, more recently, recently,5. “次序”的表达方法：followed by, then, lastly, furthermore, in addition, moreover, additionally,6. “因此”的表达方法：therefore, thus, hence, it is therefore important to,7. “转折”的描述方法：however, whereby, whereas, while, nevertheless, regardless of, in contrast, even if, conversely,8. “执行”的描述动词：analyze, screen, measure, govern, design, present a strategy, generated,9. 研究的“改善”的表达方法：has greatly improved the ability to10. 研究进展的表述方法：the advent of, recent advances,11. 结果表明的论述方法：show, suggest, demonstrate, imply, illustrate,第二部分深入讨论结果部分的重要发现1. 数量的表述方法：a diverse set of, a larger diversity of, large-scale, a large number of, a series of,2. 用于比较的描述方法：compared to prior methods, likewise, are similar to, Compared with,3. “合适”的合适表达：be well-suited for, match, adaptable for,4. “模拟”的表述方法：closely mirrored,5. “使得”我们做什么实验，“使得”的描述：allow us to, enable us to,6. “相互作用”的花样表达：interplay, map interaction, interact with,7. “关系”的描述词：relationship, association, link,8. “进一步”解释的暗示词：indeed, importantly, further, more generally,9. “来源”的描述方法：obtained from, result from,10. “借助”的用词方式：by, applied, used this method, via,11. “鉴于”的表达方式：supporting this notion, given that, considering that,12. “与......一致”的表述方法：in line with this, consistent with,第三部分指明本课题研究过程中的不足1. 结果“引发”的描述方法：lead to, contribute to, driven by, induced, in response to,2. 如何“引起读者注意”的词：remarkably, accordingly, notably, it is important to note that, interestingly,3. “自我反省”时的悔过方面：data quality, cost, scale, data-driven approach,4. “优点”的描述方法：offers unique advantages and disadvantages, the major advantage of,5. “缺点”的描述方法：a disadvantage of XX is that, these limitations, another limitation is that ,6. 用于推断的情态动词：may be, could be, should be, it is possible that, perhaps the reason that. ... is due to,7. 发挥作用的表述方式：serve this function, play an important/a crucial role in,第四部分再次回顾总结展望未来的研究1. 研究很“重要”，“重要”如何凸显：be crucial to, importantly, specifically,2. “揭示、表明”的论述方法：uncover, suggest, show, demonstrate, imply, indicate, it was found that, illustrate,3. 研究展望的描述方法：provide new insights into, ultimately reveal new molecular mechanisms, as an understudied and important potential next frontier, shed light on the molecular basis of , future investigations using strategies reported XXX will likely illuminate novel function of, the data as a continuing source for future discoveries, XXX will be an important question for future investigation, our next challenge is to, can be another strategy for XXX, lays the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies4. “整合”的描述方法：integrated into, integration of,5. “预见/认为”的下结论方法：foresee, speculate, these predictions are supported by6. 总结概括的描述方法：ultimately, altogether, taken together, in summary, together, in conclusion7. “侧重于, 强调”的表述方法：focus on, concentrate on, highlight,8. 研究价值的表述方法：particularly useful,。
phrases
意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger
适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change
把某因素考虑进去：take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to
品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth
培养对……的信心：develop/foster one's interest/confidence in
展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of
开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)
较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of one's life
剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity
取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way
采取措施：take effective steps/measures to
discussion的用法总结大全
discussion的用法总结大全（学习版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制学校：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如英语单词、英语语法、英语听力、英语知识点、语文知识点、文言文、数学公式、数学知识点、作文大全、其他资料等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of classic sample essays, such as English words, English grammar, English listening, English knowledge points, Chinese knowledge points, classical Chinese, mathematical formulas, mathematics knowledge points, composition books, other materials, etc. Learn about the different formats and writing styles of sample essays, so stay tuned!discussion的用法总结大全discussion的意思n. 讨论，谈论,详述，论述discussion用法discussion可以用作名词discussion的基本意思是“讨论”“商讨”。
discussion例句
discussion例句Discussion: The Impact of Technology on EducationIntroduction:Technology has become an integral part of our lives, revolutionizing various fields, including education. In this discussion, we will explore the impact of technology on education, focusing on how it has transformed teaching methods, student engagement, and learning outcomes.I. Transformation of Teaching Methods:1. Integration of Multimedia: Technology has given educators the opportunity to incorporate multimedia elements such as images, videos, and interactive presentations into their teaching materials. This has made lessons more engaging and visually appealing, enhancing students' understanding and retention of information.2. Online Learning Platforms: The emergence of online learning platforms has provided teachers with a wide range of resources, from e-books to interactive exercises, that can be easily accessed by students. These platforms offer personalized learning experiences, allowing students to learn at their own pace and receive immediate feedback on their progress.3. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR): VR and AR technologies have opened up new possibilities for experiential learning. Students can immerse themselves in virtual scenarios, such as historical events or scientific experiments, and actively participate. This hands-on approach promotes deeper understanding and improves critical thinking skills.II. Enhanced Student Engagement:1. Interactive Learning: Technology has transformed passive learning into an interactive experience. Students can actively engage with educational apps, quizzes, and games, making the learning process more enjoyable and stimulating. This increased engagement leads to better knowledge retention and a higher level of interest in the subject matter.2. Collaborative Learning: Online platforms and communication tools enable students to collaborate with their peers, regardless of their physical location. They can engage in group projects, share ideas, and receive feedback, fostering teamwork skills and encouraging a global perspective.3. Individualized Attention: Technology allows for personalized learning experiences by adapting lessons to each student's needs and abilities. This tailoring of instruction ensures that studentsreceive the support necessary to overcome academic challenges, boosting their confidence and motivation.III. Improved Learning Outcomes:1. Access to Information: The internet has transformed education by providing easy access to vast amounts of information. Students can now conduct research, explore different perspectives, and deepen their knowledge on various subjects. This unrestricted access has broadened horizons and encouraged independent thinking.2. Immediate Feedback: Technology facilitates immediate feedback on assessments and assignments. Automated grading systems save teachers time and allow students to understand their mistakes and areas for improvement promptly. This timely feedback contributes to a more efficient learning process.3. Lifelong Learning: Technology has encouraged a shift from traditional education to lifelong learning. With unlimited access to online courses, webinars, and educational resources, individuals have the opportunity to continuously update their skills and knowledge throughout their lives.Conclusion:Technology has undoubtedly made a significant impact on education, revolutionizing teaching methods, fostering student engagement, and improving learning outcomes. As technology continues to evolve, it is important for educators and policymakers to adapt and harness its potential to provide high-quality education to all learners. By embracing technology, we can create a more inclusive and dynamic educational landscape for the benefit of future generations.。
discussion知识点总结
discussion知识点总结In this paper, we will summarize the key points related to discussions. Discussions play a critical role in various settings such as educational institutions, workplaces, and social gatherings. They involve the exchange of ideas, opinions, and information among individuals with different perspectives on a particular topic. Therefore, it is essential to understand the key elements and skills required for effective discussions.Key elements of a discussion1. Purpose: The purpose of a discussion is to exchange ideas, information, and opinions on a specific topic. It aims to facilitate the decision-making process, problem-solving, and knowledge-sharing among participants.2. Participants: Discussions involve individuals with diverse backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives. This diversity contributes to the richness of the discussion by bringing different viewpoints and ideas to the table.3. Structure: Discussions should have a clear structure to ensure that all participants have the opportunity to express their views and that the conversation stays focused on the topic at hand. Common structures include opening statements, rebuttals, and closing remarks.4. Active listening: Active listening is an essential skill in discussions. It involves paying attention to the speaker, understanding their viewpoint, and responding appropriately. Active listening creates a conducive environment for open and respectful communication.5. Communication skills: Effective communication skills, including verbal and non-verbal communication, are crucial in discussions. Participants should be able to articulate their thoughts clearly, ask relevant questions, and engage in active dialogue with others.6. Critical thinking: Critical thinking involves analyzing and evaluating information, ideas, and arguments. It helps participants to assess the validity of different viewpoints and contribute to the discussion with well-reasoned points.7. Respect and empathy: Respect and empathy are key components of successful discussions. Participants should show respect for others' opinions, even if they disagree, and demonstrate empathy towards different perspectives.Key skills for effective discussions1. Active listening: Active listening involves paying full attention to the speaker, showing interest in their viewpoint, and responding appropriately. It helps to create a supportive and inclusive atmosphere for discussions.2. Clear communication: Clear communication is essential for expressing ideas, asking questions, and engaging in dialogue with others. Participants should communicate their thoughts effectively using language that is concise, precise, and easy to understand.3. Critical thinking: Critical thinking enables participants to analyze, evaluate, and contribute to discussions with well-reasoned arguments. It involves questioning assumptions, considering different viewpoints, and reaching informed conclusions.4. Conflict resolution: Discussions may involve disagreements and conflicts among participants. Therefore, the ability to resolve conflicts in a constructive manner is crucial for maintaining a productive and harmonious environment.5. Collaboration: Collaboration skills are important for working together with others to achieve common goals and objectives. In discussions, collaboration involves sharing ideas, building on each other's contributions, and reaching consensus on key issues.6. Flexibility: Flexibility is essential for adapting to different perspectives, changing circumstances, and new information that may arise during discussions. It helps to maintain an open-minded and adaptive approach to the topic at hand.7. Time management: Time management skills are important for ensuring that discussions are conducted within a specified timeframe and that all participants have the opportunity to contribute.Common challenges in discussions1. Dominant personalities: Some participants may dominate discussions, making it difficult for others to express their views. This can lead to a lack of diversity in ideas and perspectives.2. Lack of active listening: When participants do not actively listen to each other, it can lead to misunderstandings, miscommunications, and a failure to build on each other's ideas.3. Emotional reactions: Discussions may evoke strong emotions, such as anger, frustration, or defensiveness, which can derail the conversation and hinder constructive dialogue.4. Off-topic discussions: Participants may veer off the main topic, leading to a loss of focus and a waste of time.Strategies for effective discussions1. Establish ground rules: Setting clear ground rules for discussions, such as taking turns to speak, actively listening to others, and respecting diverse viewpoints, can help to create a respectful and inclusive environment.2. Facilitate the conversation: A facilitator can help to guide the discussion, ensure that all participants have the opportunity to contribute, and keep the conversation focused on the topic.3. Encourage diversity of perspectives: Encouraging and valuing diverse perspectives can enrich discussions and lead to a broader understanding of the topic.4. Manage conflicts: Addressing conflicts in a constructive and respectful manner can help to maintain a positive and productive atmosphere in discussions.In conclusion, effective discussions require a combination of key elements, skills, and strategies. By understanding the purpose of discussions, engaging in active listening, communicating clearly, and utilizing critical thinking, participants can contribute to meaningful and productive conversations. Additionally, being mindful of common challenges and employing appropriate strategies can help to ensure that discussions are respectful, inclusive, and conducive to the exchange of diverse ideas and viewpoints.。
phrase的用法总结大全
phrase的用法总结大全（实用版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用资料，如工作报告、合同协议、条据文书、策划方案、演讲致辞、人物事迹、学习资料、教学资源、作文大全、其他资料等等，想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, this store provides various types of practical materials for everyone, such as work reports, contract agreements, policy documents, planning plans, speeches, character stories, learning materials, teaching resources, essay encyclopedias, and other materials. If you want to learn about different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!phrase的用法总结大全英语是一种西日耳曼语，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。
英国雅思培训机构的写作指南——discussion
Discussion(如何展开讨论) 一文选自英国曼切斯特大学英语文学专业语料库写作教材，英文版，选此文的原因是因为关于如何展开讨论讲解的非常详细同时因为是英文版也让众烤鸭们习惯一下国外原汁原味的教材如果你现在就要崩溃了那么LZ为你今后的留学生涯感到捉急啊= = 加油！！转载请注明出处DiscussionsThe term discussion has a variety of meanings in English. In academic writing, however, it usually refers to two types of activity: a) considering both sides of an issue, or question, b) considering the results of research and the implications of these. Discussion sections in dissertations and research articles are probably the most complex in terms of their elements. The most common elements and some of the language that is typically associated with them are listed below:Background information (reference to literature or to research aim/question)A strong relationship between X and Y has been reported in the literature.Prior studies that have noted the importance of ......In reviewing the literature, no data was found on the association between X and Y.As mentioned in the literature review, ......Very little was found in the literature on the question of .....This study set out with the aim of assessing the importance of X in ......The third question in this research was ......It was hypothesized that participants with a history of ......The present study was designed to determine the effect of ......Statements of result (usually with reference to results section)The results of this study show/indicate that .......This experiment did not detect any evidence for ......On the question of X, this study found that ......The current study found that ......The most interesting finding was that ......Another important finding was that .....The results of this study did not show that ....../did not show any significant increase in ......In the current study, comparing X with Y showed that the mean degree of ......In this study, Xs were found to cause .....X provided the largest set of significant clusters of ......It is interesting to note that in all seven cases of this study......Unexpected outcomeSurprisingly, X was found to .......Surprisingly, no differences were found in ......One unanticipated finding was that .....It is somewhat surprising that no X was noted in this condition ......What is surprising is that ......Contrary to expectations, this study did not find a significant difference between ....... However, the observed difference between X and Y in this study was not significant. However, the ANOVA (one way) showed that these results were not statistically significant. This finding was unexpected and suggests that ......Reference to previous research (support)This study produced results which corroborate the findings of a great deal of the previous work in this field.The findings of the current study are consistent with those of Smith and Jones (2001) who found ......This finding supports previous research into this brain area which links X and Y.This study confirms that X is associated with ......This finding corroborates the ideas of Smith and Jones (2008), who suggested that ......This finding is in agreement with Smith's (1999) findings which showed .......It is encouraging to compare this figure with that found by Jones (1993) who found that ..... There are similarities between the attitudes expressed by X in this study and those described by (Smith, 1987, 1995) and Jones (1986)These findings further support the idea of .....Increased activation in the PCC in this study corroborates these earlier findings.These results are consistent with those of other studies and suggest that ......The present findings seem to be consistent with other research which found ......This also accords with our earlier observations, which showed that ......Reference to previous research (contradict)However, the findings of the current study do not support the previous research.This study has been unable to demonstrate that ......However, this result has not previously been described.In contrast to earlier findings, however, no evidence of X was detected.Although, these results differ from some published studies (Smith, 1992; Jones, 1996), they are consistent with those of ......These results results differ from X's 2003 estimate of Y, but they are broadly consistent with earlier .....Explanations for results:There are several possible explanations for this result.These differences can be explained in part by the proximity of X and Y.A possible explanation for this might be that .....Another possible explanation for this is that ......This result may be explained by the fact that ...../ by a number of different factors.It is difficult to explain this result, but it might be related to ......It seems possible that these results are due to ......The reason for this is not clear but it may have something to do with ......It may be that these students benefitted from ......This inconsistency/discrepancy may be due to ......This rather contradictory result may be due to ......These factors may explain the relatively good correlation between X and Y.There are, however, other possible explanations.The possible interference of X can not be ruled out.The observed increase in X could be attributed to .....The observed correlation between X and Y might be explained in this way. .....Some authors 9,30 have speculated that ......Since this difference has not been found elsewhere it is probably not due to ......A possible explanation for some of our results may be the lack of adequate ......Advising cautious interpretationThese data must be interpreted with caution because ......These results therefore need to be interpreted with caution.However, with a small sample size, caution must be applied, as the findings might not be transferable to ......These findings cannot be extrapolated to all patients.Although exclusion of X did not reduce the effect on X, these results should be interpreted with caution.However, with a small sample size, caution must be applied, as the findings might not be transferable to ......Suggesting general hypothesesThe value of X suggests that a weak link may exist between .....It is therefore likely that such connections exist between .....It can thus be suggested that ......It is possible to hypothesise that these conditions are less likely to occur in ......It is possible/likely/probable therefore that ......Hence, it could conceivably be hypothesised that ......These findings suggest that ......It may be the case therefore that these variations ......In general, therefore, it seems that ......It is possible, therefore, that ......Therefore, X could be a major factor, if not the only one, causing ......It can therefore be assumed that the ......This finding, while preliminary, suggests that……Noting implicationsThis finding has important implications for developing .....An implication of this is the possibility that ......One of the issues that emerges from these findings is ......Some of the issues emerging from this finding relate specifically to ......This combination of findings provides some support for the conceptual premise that ..... Commenting on findingsHowever, these results were not very encouraging.These findings are rather disappointing.The test was successful as it was able to identify students who ......The present results are significant in at least major two respects.The results of this study do not explain the occurrence of these adverse events.Suggestions for future workHowever, more research on this topic needs to be undertaken before the association between X and Y is more clearly understood.Further research should be done to investigate the ......Research questions that could be asked include .....Future studies on the current topic are therefore recommended.A further study with more focus on X is therefore suggested.Further studies, which take these variables into account, will need to be undertaken.Further work is required to establish this.In future investigations it might be possible to use a different X in which ......This is an important issue for future research.。
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It is useful sometimes to make concessions to the opposing view because arguments are seldom absolute. This strategy requires
some acknowledge of opposite viewpoint to demonstrating that the writer has already considered those view. Some phrases to introduce another viewpoint:
Although there is some merit in this stance…
The other case has sometimes been argued that…
Even though it’s rare, it does sometimes…
On the opposite side
Nevertheless some points are valid…
Sometimes it has to be considered…
However, there is at least some partial truth…
Alternatively, it can be argued…
On the other side… In contrast to…
In spite of/despite t his, there are alternative options…
While one side of the issue compels, it must be noted that…
This differs from this scenario time to time when…
While noting the appeal, at the same time…
Notwithstanding the charm of this view, deeper inspection
reveals…
On the surface it might seem that……however
The fundamental question is not, however, ……
On first sight it might seem plausible to argue that…… however,
on closer
To argue… is insufficient, (not enough)…… it is necessary to consider……
An obvious interpreta tion is……but at a deeper level……
While taking this into account, what needs to be noted is that…Despite the appeal, the basic issue remains…
On closer inspection it is worth considering that……
Ultimately it has to be, however, ……
More to the point is the fact that……
Some people think raising the price of fuel is the best way to solve environmental problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Currently, (presently; nowadays; in this day and age;) ……… has sparked much debate. There are many arguments supporting both views. Some people assert that (For) some individuals… , while some others argue that (while the remainder claims that…) doing that cannot be of much help in dealing with …………. Speaking for myself, I am in favour of the latter view since….. Personally, I largely/agree with their /viewpoint, but I would qualify it to some extent.
But it has become a heated issue….. Different people hold different opinions. Some people believe
On one hand,Admittedly, … while in the contemporary society,…. Conclusion:
To sum up, although I would concede that …. However, I am firmly convinced (some other)…
Overall, …..Generally speaking….
_________________________________________________________________ ___
Some people think that politicians have the greatest influence on the
world .other people, however, believe that scientist(s) have the greatest influence. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Someone argues that nowadays consumers buy lots of things they don't actually need because they are influenced by advertisements. Discuss for and against arguments and give your opinion.
Children who are brought up in families that do not have large amounts of money are better prepared to deal with the problem of adult life than children who are brought up by wealthy parents. Discuss for and against arguments and give your opinion.
We have developed into a “throw-away” society and fill our environment with plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion and what measures do you think should be taken to solve this problem?
With the sweeping trend of globalization, there are more immigrants than ever. Some people think immigrants should adopt the new culture as their own while others think they should keep their own cultural identity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Some people think raising the price of fuel is the best way to solve environmental problems. Discuss for and against arguments and give your opinion.
Some people think old buildings should be destroyed amd replaced with modern building. Discuss for and against arguments and give your opinion.
Some people think stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way to improve safety on the roads. Discuss for and against arguments and give your opinion.。