托福阅读-事实信息题
托福(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)
托福（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionSections Three：Reading ComprehensionEarly Theories of Continental DriftP1: The idea that the geography of Earth was different in the past than it is today is not new. As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon spotted that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if they would fit together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Between then and 1912, other people identified further similarities between other continental coastlines. But because much of the early support for mobilism was based on far-flung intercontinental similarities, geologists tended to be skeptical of the fieldwork of others.P2: During the late nineteenth century, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess proposed the name “Gondwanaland”in his book The Face of the Earth (1885) and gave far greater emphasis to the evolutionary nature of the earth and he noted the similarities among the Late Paleozoic plant fossils of India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. Based upon glossopteris fern fossils in such regions, he explained that the three land masses were once connected in a supercontinent which he names Gondwanaland, and that the ocean flooded the spaces currently between those lands. Thus, in his view, the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by postulating the concept of a land bridge that existed once but subsided later.P3: Later, a number of refinements to Suess’s theory were made. The American geologist Frank Taylor published a pamphlet in 1910 presenting his concept of “horizontal displacement”. He explained the formation of mountain ranges as a result of the lateral movements of continents. With the earth’s capture of the moon, the gravitational forces between them generated a pull towards lower latitudes where they thickened and formed folded mountain belts especially in middle latitudes. Although we now know that Taylor’s explanation of continental drift is erroneous, one of his most significant contributions was his suggestion that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge—an underwater mountain range discovered by the 1872-1876 British HMS Challenger expeditions—might mark the site at which an ancient continent broke apart, forming the present-day Atlantic Ocean.P4: However, it is Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, who is generally credited with developing the hypothesis of continental drift. In his monumental book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1915), Wegener theorized that a single supercontinent he called “Pangaea”existed sometime between 350 million to 225 million years ago. Wegner portrayed his grand concept of continental movement in a series of maps showing the breakup of Pangaea and the movement of various continents to their present-day locations. What evidence did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? First, Wegener noted that there is geographical similarity along both the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The opposing coasts of the Atlantic can be fitted together in the same way as two cut off pieces of wood can be refitted. Furthermore, mountain ranges and glacial deposits seem tomatch up in such a way that suggests continents could have once been a single landmass. Finally, many of the same fossils and vegetative remains are found today on widely separated continents, indicating that the continents must have been in proximity at one time. During his days, Wegener was regarded as an advocate rather than as an impartial scientific observer, appearing to ignore vast evidence unfavorable to his ideas and distort other evidence to bring it into harmony with the theory.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea. He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus”occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa. Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.P6 :The debate over continental drift has the same role and stature in the history of the earth sciences as the debate over Darwinian evolution in the history of life sciences and the debates over relativity and quantum theory in the history of physics. In the largest sense, the history of earth science, the history of biology, and the history of physics in the 20th century are all histories of the consolidation of opinion and the formation of broad consensus—that these theories were the best way to organize and advance these sciences.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea.■He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus” occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa.■Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. ■Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. ■Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.1．According to paragraph 2, Eduard Suess believed that similarities of plant and animal fossils on the southern continents were due toA．living in the southern climateB．crossing the land bridgesC．fossilization in the coal layersD．movements of the supercontinent正确答案：B解析：【事实信息题】题目问动植物化石的相似性是因为什么，文中提到“the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by”所以原因是之前有陆桥后来消失了，答案是B。
托福阅读题目解析—TPO2 普吉特海湾的鹿群
托福阅读题目解析—TPO2普吉特海湾的鹿群TPO是托福备考圣经，但是并不是有“圣经”就能完全把握托福考试。
还要看大家怎么去利用这份资料。
针对原文，我们可以最大限度的剖析再剖析。
直到把文章掌握得滚瓜烂熟。
而大家又是怎样对待其中的每个考题呢？是做完对对答案，记下答对率；还是认真分析每个考题在考什么，找出托福阅读的“点”在哪？前者居多吧！所以，关于托福阅读TPO，小编希望最大限度地利用这些ETS提供的阅读题目。
在题目中，找到每个题目考察点，给出最全最有逻辑的解析。
今天，小编分享给大家的是关于TPO4Deer Populations of the Puget Sound的题目分析。
Deer Populations of the Puget Sound普吉特海湾的鹿群Paragraph1:Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.The black-tailed deer,a lowland,west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington,is now the most common. The other species,the Columbian white-tailed deer,in earlier times was common in the open prairie country；it is now restricted to the low,marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.1.According to paragraph1,which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?○It is native to lowlands and marshes.○It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.○It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.○It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.解析：答案是(4)，事实信息题由the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound定位到The other species,the Columbianwhite-tailed deer,in earlier times was common in the open prairie country；it is now restricted to the low,marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.选项(1)和it is now restricted to the low,marshy islands矛盾；选项(2)是对另一种black-tailed deer的描述；选项(3)没有提到，文章是说“was common in the open prairie country”没有和the black-tailed deer对比；选项(4)正确。
托福阅读考试信息题考点解析
托福阅读考试信息题考点解析托福阅读考试信息题考点解析一、提问方式1. According to Paragraph…, which of the following is true about X?2. According to Paragraph…, how / what/ why…?3. Paragraph… / The passage supports which of the following statements aboutX?带有提问方式的题型可以总结为以下几个特点：a. 该题型属于细节类题型，并且在大部分情况下题干中会出现一个明确的细节定位词───X。
b. 该题型是对细节信息的正面提问(由题干中true / support可知)，这一点与否定事实信息题相反。
c. 该题型疑问部分一般由特殊疑问词：which / how / what / why… 引导，可以得出该题型可以就某细节信息的具体“特性、原因、方式等”进行发问。
二、解题步骤第一步：读题干，划出定位词。
定位词特点：a. 在提问方式1和3当中就是X所代表的部分。
b. 在提问方式2中比较复杂，一般是寻找该句中的名词部分，多数充当句中的主语或宾语。
c. 定位词有可能是原文原词或者近义词。
例题：1. According to paragraph 6, which of the following statementsabout aquifers in deserts is true? (TPO 12Water in the Desert)本题干的定位词即aquifers, 符合提问方式1。
2. According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?(TPO 13 Types of Social Groups)本题干的定位词即shunning, 符合提问方式2。
托福阅读事实信息题做题方法
托福阅读事实信息题做题方法
托福阅读事实信息题是考察考生对文章中具体细节的理解能力，以下是一些做题方法：
1. 仔细阅读题目，在做事实信息题时，要仔细阅读题目，了解
题目要求，明确自己需要在文章中寻找什么样的信息。
2. 找到关键词，在阅读文章时，要留意关键词，例如人名、地名、数字、事件等，这些关键词会帮助你找到答案。
3. 确定定位，根据题目要求和关键词，在阅读文章时要有目的
地寻找相关信息，可以利用关键词在文章中进行定位，缩小寻找范围。
4. 注意细节，在阅读文章时要留意细节信息，有时答案可能隐
藏在文章的细节之中，需要仔细捕捉。
5. 多练习，多做一些练习题，提高自己对事实信息题的处理能力，熟悉题目的要求和解题技巧。
通过以上方法，希望你能够更好地应对托福阅读中的事实信息题。
祝你考试顺利！。
【实例解析】托福阅读十大题型之事实信息题例题详解(七)
【实例解析】托福阅读十大题型之事实信息题例题详解（七）托福阅读题型中事实信息题是根据文中明确出现的事实细节等，选择选项中与之相近的同义改写选项。
在之前的很多文章中，我们都曾经提到过关于这一类型文章的解答方法。
那么，下面我们现在就为大家带来托福阅读事实信息题的实例题目，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
例题7：Paragraph 7: By 1800 more than a thousand steam engines were in use in theBritish Isles, and Britain retained a virtual monopoly on steam engineproduction until the 1830s. Steam power did not merely spin cotton and rolliron; early in the new century it also multiplied ten times over the amount ofpaper that a single worker could produce in a day. At the same time, operatorsof the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it possibleto produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty. Steam also promisedto eliminate a transportation problem not fully solved by either canal boats andturnpikes.Boats could carry heavy weights, but canals could not cross hillyterrain; turnpikes could cross the hills, but the roadbeds could not stand upunder great weights. These problems needed still another solution, and theingredients for it lay close at hand. In some industrial regions, heavily ladenwagons, with flanged wheels, were being hauled by horses along metal rails; andthe stationary steam engine was puffing in the factory and mine.Another generation passed; before Inventors succeeded in combining these ingredients by putting the engine on wheels and the wheels on the rails, so as to provide a machine to take the place of the horse. Thus the railroad age sprang from what had already happened in the eighteenth century.According to paragraph 7, which of the following statements about steam engines is true?They were used for the production of paper but not for printingBy 1800, significant numbers of them were produced outside of BritainThey were used in factories before they were used to power trainsThey were used in the construction of canals and turnpikes托福阅读事实信息题练习题答案：3。
托福阅读8种题型介绍
托福阅读8种题型介绍为了帮助大家备考托福，对托福阅读的题型有一个详细的了解，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读8种题型介绍。
托福阅读8种题型介绍一、细节题特征：没有特征(因为其他题型都有各自的特征)数量：每篇3-6题难度：变化很大策略：随机应变二、选非题特征：NOT/EXCEPT数量：每篇1题难度：较低策略：一定要做对三、推理题特征：infer、imply数量：每篇1-2题难度：很高策略：可以放四、修辞题：特征：(1)题干与原文被打上了阴影(2)个选项的开头为TO+关键动词(这些动词代表某个修饰手法，这样的动词很少，所以遇到都要记住)PS：这类题目有可能会变形五、词汇题特征：(1)题干与原文被打上了阴影(2)以the word/phrase开头数量：每篇3-6题难度：非常简单策略：一定要做对六、指代题特征：(1)原文与题干被打上阴影(2)打上阴影的是某个代词数量：1题难度：较低(可以直接测试语法能力)策略：要做对七、复述题特征：(1)原文中一个完整的句子被打上阴影(2)题干为：which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.数量：1题难度：很难或者很简单八、插句题特征：黑色小方框(■)数量：1题难度：较低策略：要做对九、归总题特征：两排六个选项数量：1题难度：1分很简单，2分有点难策略：保1争2新增题型(参考TPO5)：四选二题型：是细节题的变形全文归纳题：可以去归总题找答案第二部分各题型解题技巧串讲阅读的步骤：第1步：把动滚动条拉到底再拉到顶第2步：点review键，做完词汇题(不看原文)，同时关注一下是否有选非题(因为与原文对应的东西很多)第3步：边看边做阅读，要按顺序做(因为托福阅读，题目顺序和题目对应原文的顺序几乎一致。
托福阅读题型及评分标准介绍
托福阅读考试需要完成3篇文章，每篇文章的字数大约有700字左右，每篇文章的出题数是12-14题，平均20分钟/篇。
如果遇到加试，会从考试的四篇文章中随机选取三篇计分。
这三篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的阅读总分。
除重要观点题和归类题以外，每道题的分值都是1分，重要观点题的分值可能是2分，归类题为3或4分。
考试所得分数范围：0-30分。
阅读题型1. Factual Information questions（事实信息题）2. Negative Factual Information questions（否定事实信息题）3. Inference questions（推论题）4. Rhetorical Purpose questions（修辞目的题）5. Vocabulary questions（词汇题）6. Reference questions（指代题）7. Sentence Simplification questions（句子简化题）8. Insert Text question（句子插入题）9. Prose Summary（文章总结题）10. Fill in a Table（表格填写题）评分标准托福阅读以选择题为主，除最后的文章总结题和表格填写题之外，每道题的分值都是1分。
文章总结题满分为2分。
这道题会给出6个选项，要求考生从中选出3个最能概括文章内容的选项。
在评分方面，文章总结题每道题2分。
如果这道题没有选对答案或只选对1个选项，不得分；如果这道题选对2个选项，得1分；如果这道题选对了3个选项，得2分。
表格填写题满分为3分。
这道题会有2或3栏/行表格，包括5个正确答案选项。
考生需要在备选答案中挑出正确选项，并将正确选项拖入表格中的相应位置。
表格填写题满分为3分。
没有答对或只答对1或2个答案不得分；答对3个答案得1分；答对4个答案得2分；5个全对得满分3分。
在计算出原始分数以后，将被转化为0-30分的最终分数。
新托福阅读题型
新托福阅读题型l托福考试向来是想要探求American dream的孩子们要过的第一个关卡,老托福成Internet Baed的新托福,实行全机考策略,让很多备考的同学更受打击,因为新托福不仅增加了以前老托福没有的口语考试部分,其他几部分考试的难度也有一定比例的提高,例如阅读和听力的文章长度都增加了,写作还增加了结合听力和阅读的综合写作部分。
所以ETS从整体上大大提高了托福考试的难度,使其成为更难下咽的一根"山姆大叔鸡肋"。
在本文中,朗阁海外考试研究中心将和大家探讨一下新托福考试的阅读部分,分析一下新托福阅读考试十大题型的考察要点,然后给考生提供一些针对性的复习建议。
新托福阅读考试的文章长度由老托的500字左右文章加长到800字左右的文章,文章篇数为3篇或5篇(5篇文章意味着有2篇文章为加试),每篇文章题数大约11-13题,题型从OG(official guide)上看总共有10种类型,分别为1、Factual information quetion (事实信息题)2、Negative factual information quetion (非事实信息题) 3、Inference quetion (推理题)4、Rhetorical purpoe quetion (修辞目的题)5、Vocabulary quetion (词汇题)6。
Reference quetion (指代题)7。
Sentence implification quetion (句子简化题)8。
Inert tet quetion (句子插入题)9。
Proe ummary (内容摘要题)10。
Fill in a table (表格归类题)从以上的阅读题型列表来看,可以发现新托福阅读考试是强调考察学生总体英语阅读能力的,ETS考察的内容非常之全面,从语言学习的最基础内容词汇开始,再到句子,最后到整体文章内容理解。
所以有些英语基础不扎实却想走技巧捷径的考生是很难在新托福阅读考试中尝到甜头的。
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○They would become more
can influence that person's emotional state.
negative
Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it.
usual.
feelings of good will, for example, and
○They would cause problems later. frowning to anger?
○They would become more
negative
大家好
II.解题步骤总结
8
Step-1.小定位：a.根据题干关键词缩小定位区间。 Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则
On the other hand, the repression, as far as
possible, of all outward signs softens our
emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of
大家好
good will, for example, and frowning to anger?
of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be
○ The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty. ○ The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the use of ceramics as ritual objects. ○ There was little variation in
托福阅读 ----事实信息题
事实信息题
2
I. 题型识别 II. 解题步骤 III.正确选项特点 IV. 错误选项特点
大家好
I.题型识别
3
According to paragraph ,which of the following is true of X?
According to paragraph, why did X do Y?
quality for any type of ceramics and modeled objects and figures. In
over time.
addition, there was an important group
○ Some religious sculptures were of sculptures made for religious use,
in the opposite direction. According to this
usual. ○They would cause problems later.
hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback) are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression
utilitarian, burial, trade-collectors', or even ritual objects, according to their quality and the era in which they were made. The ceramics fall into three broad types—earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain—for vessels, architectural items such as roof tiles,
○They would become less intense. ○They would last longer than
hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to
remained the same from dynasty to quality and the era in which they were
dynasty. ○ The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than
the use of ceramics as ritual objects. ○ There was little variation in quality for any type of ceramics
ce大r家am好 ics.
earthenware.
II.解题步骤Step-1:定位
10
Step-1.定位:根据关键词缩小定位区间。
According to paragraph 2, which of Paragraph 2：The function and status
the following is true of Chinese ceramics?
II.解题步骤Step-2:比较原文与选项
6
Step-2. 比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。
According to the paragraph3, what
did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?
however, that the causal relationship between
○They would become less intense. emotions and facial expressions can also work
○They would last longer than
○They would cause problems later. frowning to anger?
○They would become more
negative
大家好
II.解题步骤Step-2:比较原文与选项
7
Step-2. 比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。
According to the paragraph3, what
did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?
Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other
According to paragraph 7, until the eighteenth century, it was the principal function of which of the following to?
According to paragraph 6, merchants were able to avoid the risk of carrying large amounts of gold and silver by?
hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to
usual.
feelings of good will, for example, and
did Darwin believe would happen to emotional states. In fact, various emotional
human emotions that were not expressed?
states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues,
the following is true of Chinese ceramics?
of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be
○ The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty. ○ The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the use of ceramics as ritual objects. ○ There was little variation in
用排除法。
大家好
II.解题步骤-例题
9
According to paragraph 2, which of Paragraph 2：The function and status
the following is true of Chinese
of ceramics in China varied from