剑桥雅思6阅读解析-Test2
雅思剑6阅读答案
篇一：雅思剑6阅读答案篇二：雅思剑6阅读答案剑桥雅思真题一直是考官和雅思考生的桥梁，对雅思考生来说是非常有价值的参考书。
小编整理了剑桥雅思6真题难点及答题技巧全解析（阅读篇），供烤鸭们参考，还有免费的剑桥雅思资料下载哦！剑桥真题一直是考官和雅思考生的桥梁，对雅思考生来说是非常有价值的参考书。
小编整理了剑桥雅思6真题难点及答题技巧全解析（阅读篇），供烤鸭们参考，还有免费的剑桥雅思资料下载哦！剑桥雅思6阅读部分总体介绍剑桥雅思系列真题vi中的list of headings，段落标题配对题的比例呈明显上升趋势。
cambridge iv v 各有两篇文章有该题型，而且各自只有9道和7道。
而《剑桥雅思6》共有5篇文章包含该题型，一共28道题目。
这对广大考生无疑形成了不小的难度，烤鸭们需要加强对段落主旨的把握能力，下面就是天道小编整理的剑桥雅思6阅读test 3难点解析。
在的主流题型中，是非无判断题(t / f / ng)、小结填空题(summary)、简答题 (short answer)、标题配对题(headings)、其他配对题(matching)和多项选择题(multiple choice)的前三种题型属于技巧题(即使单词量不高也能通过技巧解题)，后两种属于考核语言实力题(单词不认识就无法完成)。
《剑桥雅思6》四套留学类阅读试题的题型分配比例是：雅思阅读判断题45道(28%)，雅思阅读主观题36道(23%)，雅思阅读标题配对题28道(18%)，其他配对题40道(25%)，选择题11道(7%)。
cambridge vi体现出的趋势是判断题仍然属于主流题型，但是其比例较cambridge v略有下降。
剑vi仍然把判断题作为数量最多的一种题型. 而配对题比例已经有所上升，cambridge vi 中的配对题是最多的。
这恰与09年全年的考试趋势吻合，这会对语言功底相对薄弱的考生造成一定的障碍。
在主观题中，summary题型大多数都是针对全篇文章的摘要，而且题量很大，有一定难度。
剑桥雅思6test2passage3阅读原文+题目+答案解析
本篇文章接着介绍剑桥雅思6阅读解析。
本篇文章我们来谈谈剑桥雅思6test2passage3阅读原文+题目+答案解析。
前两篇文章请点击：剑桥雅思6test2passage2阅读原文+题目+答案解析和剑桥雅思6test2阅读passage1原文+题目+答案解析。
热门话题：雅思7分是什么水平雅思评分标准剑桥雅思6test2passage3阅读原文+题目+答案解析You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.NumerationOne of the first great intellectual feats of a young child is learning how to talk, closely followed by learning how to count. From earliest childhood we are so bound up with our system of numeration that it is a feat of imagination to consider the problems faced by early humans who had not yet developed this facility. Careful consideration of our system of numeration leads to the conviction that, rather than being a facility that comes naturally to a person, it is one of the great and remarkable achievements of the human race.It is impossible to learn the sequence of events that led to our developing the concept of number. Even the earliest of tribes had a system of numeration that, if not advanced, was sufficient for the tasks that they had to perform. Our ancestors had little use for actual numbers; instead their considerations would have been more of the kind Is this enough? rather than How many? when they were engaged in food gathering, for example. However, when early humans first began to reflect on the nature of things around them, they discovered that they needed an idea of number simply to keep their thoughts in order. As they began to settle, grow plants and herd animals, the need for a sophisticated number system became paramount. It will never be known how and when this numeration ability developed, but it is certain that numeration was well developed by the time humans had formed even semi-permanent settlements.Evidence of early stages of arithmetic and numeration can be readily found. The indigenous peoples of Tasmania were only able to count one, two, many; those of South Africa counted one, two, two and one, two twos, two twos and one, and so on. But in real situations the number and words are often accompanied by gestures to help resolve any confusion. For example, when using the one, two, many type of system, the word many would mean, Look at my hands and see how many fingers I am showing you. This basic approach is limited in the range of numbers that it can express, but this range will generally suffice when dealing with the simpler aspects of human existence.The lack of ability of some cultures to deal with large numbers is not really surprising. European languages, when traced back to their earlier version, are very poor in number words and expressions. The ancient Gothic word for ten, tachund, is used to express the number 100 as tachund tachund. By the seventh century, the word teon had become interchangeable with the tachund or hund of the Anglo-Saxon language, andso 100 was denoted as hund teontig, or ten times ten. The average person in the seventh century in Europe was not as familiar with numbers as we are today. In fact, to qualify as a witness in a court of law a man had to be able to count to nine!Perhaps the most fundamental step in developing a sense of number is not the ability to count, but rather to see that a number is really an abstract idea instead of a simple attachment to a group of particular objects. It must have been within the grasp of the earliest humans to conceive that four birds are distinct from two birds; however, it is not an elementary step to associate the number 4, as connected with four birds, to the number 4, as connected with four rocks. Associating a number as one of the qualities of a specific object is a great hindrance to the development of a true number sense. When the number 4 can be registered in the mind as a specific word, independent of the object being referenced, the individual is ready to take the first step toward the development of a notational system for numbers and, from there, to arithmetic.Traces of the very first stages in the development of numeration can be seen in several living languages today. The numeration system of the Tsimshian language in British Columbia contains seven distinct sets of words for numbers according to the class of the item being counted: for counting flat objects and animals, for round objects and time, for people, for long objects and trees, for canoes, for measures, and for counting when no particular object is being numerated. It seems that the last is a later development while the first six groups show the relics of an older system. This diversity of number names can also be found in some widely used languages such as Japanese.Intermixed with the development of a number sense is the development of an ability to count. Counting is not directly related to the formation of a number concept because it is possible to count by matching the items being counted against a group of pebbles, grains of corn, or the counter’s fingers. These aids would have been indispensable to very early people who would have found the process impossible without some form of mechanical aid. Such aids, while different, are still used even by the most educated in today’s society due to their convenience. All counting ultimately involves reference to something other than the things being counted. At first it may have been grains or pebbles but now it is a memorised sequence of words that happen to be the names of the numbers.剑桥雅思6test2passage3阅读题目+答案解析Questions 27-31Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-G, below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.27 A developed system of numbering28 An additional hand signal。
剑桥雅思6阅读test2精讲
•正数第二行“An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers ”，对应第十九题。
•P health Q independent
第二篇题型二
•23 Home medical aids
•24 Regular amounts of exercise
•25 Feeling ofcontrol over life
•26 Feelings ofloneliness
第二篇题型二
•A may causeheart disease.
•vEconomic argumentsfailtopersuade
•vi Theimpact of telecommunicationsonpopulation distribution
•viiIncreasesintraveling time
•viiiResponding to arguments againstpublic transport
•Finefficientdue to alimitedpublic transport system
第一段
•正数第二行“(ISTP) has demonstrated that public transport is more efficient than cars. The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities around the world ”，对应第六题。
剑桥雅思6Test1阅读Passage 2真题解析
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思6Test 1 Passage 2真题解析；相应的译文，请点击：剑6雅思阅读Test1passage2原文+翻译-货物运输。
Test 1 Passage 2Question 14答案：I关键词：suggestion, in the future /would help定位原文: I 段最后1句“Bringing these barriers down would help…”解题思路: 首先看到题干中有明确的时间词“在未来”。
根据段意，可以判定应该是文章的最后一段。
之后看题干中的定位词suggestion表示建议，在文章结尾部分的最后一句话，可以清楚地找到它是作者对于提高贸易的一个建议，完全对应。
Question 15答案： F关键词：electronic delivery/transmitting...over telephone定位原文: F段第3句“...simply by transmitting…”解题思路: 题干中提到电子式的传递，很容易跟文章关于信息产业的F段挂钩，之后再细读本段第二句话就可以找到与题干相对应的 transmitting...over telephone。
因此，答案是F段。
Question 16答案： E关键词：similar cost Abroad, local/ Singapore, domestic定位原文: E段倒数第2句“… manufacturers in Japan or Texas…”解题思路: 题干是说“无论是国际还是国内的，在运输货物环节的相近成本。
”也就是说国内的运输和国际的运输成本基本相同，间接表明国际运输成本比较低。
而文章中此句话的意思是“即使从新加坡进口磁盘驱动器而不是在国内市场购买，日本或美国得克萨斯州的计算机制造商们也不会面对花费高出很多的运费账单”。
可以看出制造商们不用花费很高的运费，正好跟题干相应。
剑桥雅思真题6-写作(Test 2 附高分范文)
剑桥雅思真题6—写作（Test 2 附高分范文）Writing Task 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.参考范文1：The given table data shows information on the way of travelling by British people for the year 1985 and 2000. As is presented on the table, car was the most common way of travel by British people both in 1985 and in 2000. In 1985, more than 3000 miles out of total 4740 miles were travelled by an average British people that increased to well over 4000 out of total 6475 in the year 2000. The second most common way of travelling for these two years was local bus (excluding the data from other category) which was far less than the car. Taxi was the least preferred way of travelling both in these two years amounting only 13 miles per person and 42 miles per person, respectively, for these two years.Bicycle was used for an average of 50 miles travel by each person in 1985 and that decreased to 41 miles in 2000 which shows the decline of bicycle usages by British. Train, local distance buses were two other mode of travel by British people whose popularity increased over time. In 1985, 255 miles distance was travelled by an average British on foot while this distance decreased a bit in 2000. The other transportation were used comprises about 450 miles per person in 1985 which increased to 585 in 2000.In summary, the popularity of car as transportation gained popularity among British people in 15 years of time and they mostly preferred to use car as the mode of travel.参考范文2：The table demonstrates how different modes of travel changed in England in 15 years spanning from 1985 to 2000. In general, the modes are classified into two kinds in terms of average miles traveled per person per years: one enjoyed rising popularity while other decreasing.The travel modes which modes which gained popularity in the period included cars, long distance buses, train, taxis and other. Cars remained top among the modes in the 15 years, with its average miles increasing considerably from 3,199 in 1985 to 4,806 in 2000. Long distance buses and taxis seemed to be warmly welcomed by travelers so average miles traveled in the two modes almost tripled.Travels by walking, bicycles and local buses lost travelers’ favor in the one and half decade. Average traveling distance by local buses suffered the biggest decrease, dropping from 429 to 274, while the number of miles by walking and bike fell mildly from 255 to 237 and from 51 to 41 respectively. Despite the decreases, however, the total miles traveled grew from 4,740 to 6,475.In brief, the total traveling distance in the country grew in the years when cars, long distance buses, trains, taxis and other modes of travel were more popular and walking, bicycling and local transportation less popular.参考范文3（6分）：In 2000 the most preferred mode of travel is by car with 4,806 people. There’s a noticable decrease in public transportation locally where it dropped from 429 people in 1985 to 274 people in 2000. However the long distance bus rides is much more preferred by people as its figures are more than doubled in the last 15 years. People who chose to walk or cycle are decreased slightly in 2000. Which probably made people to take the take the train more often. There’s a significant increase in the numbers of people who travelled by train. It jumped from 289 in 1985 to 366 in 2000. This makes the train second popular mode of transportation. Thi biggest leap in the chart is the increase of taxi users who are tripled in 2000 with 42 people, where it was only 13 in 1985.Apart from all this modes of travel, there are some more different types of travel as well of course. Number of people choosing different modes of travel is rapidly increased from 450 to 585 in 2000.本文得分6。
剑桥雅思6test2passage2阅读原文+题目+答案解析
剑桥雅思6test2passage2阅读原文+题目+答案解析剑桥雅思6test2阅读passage2原文+题目+答案解析passage1查看，请点击：剑桥雅思6test2阅读passage1原文+题目+答案解析。
如果烤鸭对这两个问题感兴趣的，请点击：雅思7分是什么水平雅思评分标准Elderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.In the last 14 years, the National Long-term Health Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of more than 20,000 men and women over 65. Researchers, now analysing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems —the major medical complaints in this age group —are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate. Other diseases of old age —dementia, stroke, arteriosclerosis and emphysema — are also troubling fewer and fewer people.‘It really raises the question of what should be considered normal ageing,’ says Kenneth Manton, a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina. He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75.Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today’s elderly people abetter start in life than their predecessors.On the downside, the data also reveals failures in public health that have caused surges in some illnesses. An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. ‘These may be subtle influences,’ says Manton, ‘but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years. It’s not surprising we see some effect."One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer. For example, 65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected, on average, to live to 82. Those who continued their education live an extra seven years. Although some of this can be attributed to a higher income, Manton believes it is mainly because educated people seek more medical attention.The survey also assessed how independent people over 65 were, and again found a striking trend. Almost 80% of those in the 1994 survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances. That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population. If the trends apparent in the United States 14 years ago had continued, researchers calculate there would be an additional one million disabled elderly people in today’s population. According to Manton, slowing the trend has saved the United States government’s Medicare system more than $200 billion, suggesting that the greying of America’s population may prove less of a financial burden than expected.The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably linked to a massive increase in the use of simple homemedical aids. For instance, the use of raised toilet seats has more than doubled since the start of the study, and the use of bath seats has grown by more than 50%. These developments also bring some health benefits, according to a report from the MacArthur Foundation’s research group on successful ageing. The group found that those elderly people who were able to retain a sense of independence were more likely to stay healthy in old age.Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning, says Carl Cotman, a neuroscientist at the University of California at Irvine. He found that rats that exercise on a treadmill have raised levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor coursing through their brains. Cotman believes this hormone, which keeps neurons functioning, may prevent the brains of active humans from deteriorating.As part of the same study, Teresa Seeman, a social epidemiologist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, found a connection between self-esteem and stress in people over 70. In laboratory simulations of challenging activities such as driving, those who felt in control of their lives pumped out lower levels of stress hormones such as cortisol. Chronically high levels of these hormones have been linked to heart disease.But independence can have drawbacks. Seeman found that elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep. The research suggests that older people fare best when they feel independent but know they can get help when they need it.‘Like much research into ageing, these results support common sense,’ says Seeman. They also show that we may be underestimating the impact of these simple factors. ‘The sort ofthing that your grandmother always told you turns out to be right on target,’she says.Questions 14-22Complete the summary using the list of words, A-Q, below.Write the correct letter, A-Q in boxes 14-22 on your answer sheet.Research carried out by scientists in the United States has shown that the proportion of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems is 14 ..............and that the speed of this change is 15.............. . It also seems that these diseases are affecting people 16.............. in life than they did in the past. This is largely due to developments in 17.............., but other factors。
剑桥雅思6Test2Passage1译文
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥英语6Test2Passage1译文-公共交通的优势,相应的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思6test2阅读passage1原文+题目+答案解析。
PASSAGE 1 参考译文：Advantages of public transport公共交通的优势A new study conducted for the World Bank by Murdoch University’s Institute for Science and Technology Policy (ISTP) has demonstrated that public transport is more efficient than cars. The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities around the world. This included both the public and private costs of building, maintaining and using a transport system.默多克大学的科技政策研究所(ISTP)为世界银行做的最新研究表明，公共交通工具的效率髙于小汽车。
该研究比较了全世界37座城市公共交通投人资金所占的比例。
这其中包括修建、维护和使用公交系统时的政府投人和个人开销。
The study found that the Western Australian city of Perth is a good example of a city with minimal public transport. As a result, 17% of its wealth went into transport costs. Some European and Asian cities, on the other hand, spent as little as 5%. Professor Peter Newman, ISTP Director, pointed out that these more efficient cities were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a better place to live.研究显示，西澳大利亚的首府珀斯是最低限度发展公交系统的典型例子。
6-4-2 雅思阅读解析
以下是一份针对6-4-2 雅思阅读部分的解析，帮助您理解文章主题和内容，以及如何回答题目。
文章主题：本文是一篇关于人类记忆的研究报告，探讨了记忆的分类、功能、影响因素以及提高记忆力的方法。
文章结构：
1.引言：介绍了记忆的重要性和研究意义。
2.记忆的分类：介绍了短期记忆和长期记忆的概念和特点。
3.记忆的功能：描述了记忆在人类生活中的作用，如回忆过去、规划未来等。
4.记忆的影响因素：探讨了年龄、健康状况、情绪等对记忆的影响。
5.提高记忆力方法：介绍了一些提高记忆力的技巧和方法，如使用记忆宫殿、进行有氧运动等。
题目解析：
1.选择题：针对文章内容，选择最合适的答案。
例如，文章中提到短期记忆的特点是容量有限，因此答案应为短期记忆的容量有限。
2.填空题：根据文章内容填写适当的词汇或短语。
例如，文章中提到记忆可以影响人的情绪，因此答案应为影响人的情绪。
3.判断题：判断句子是否符合文章内容。
例如，文章中提到年龄对记忆的影响有限，因此答案应为不同意。
4.简答题：简述文章中的重要信息或观点。
例如，文章中提到提高记忆力的方法之一是进行有氧运动，因此答案应为进行有氧运动。
综上所述，要回答6-4-2 雅思阅读部分的问题，需要仔细阅读文章内容，理解主题和结构，并掌握各种题型的解题技巧。
同时，还需要注意答案的准确性和简洁性。
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主题句解析1.第四段首句（段落首句中的名词复数）Clearly，certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances。
解析：如果段落首句中出现了复数名词，且该名词在下文很容易一一展开形成列举逻辑，则可确定该句为主题句.就本段而言，certain diseases（某些疾病）明显是可以一一展开来写的，因此本段的主题就是certain diseases。
2。
第六段首句（段落首句中的表语从句）One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely tolive longer.解析：其实表语从句完全可以看做宾语从句的另一种表达,甚至连引导词都相同（that)，如果能够理解这一点，也就不难判断段落首句中的表语从句才是主要阅读内容.就本段而言,首句完全可以改写成：Manton uncovered that better-educated people are likely to live longer is one interesting correlation。
因此本段的主题核心为better—educated people are likely to live longer。
参考译文老年人的年轻化老年人越来越健康、幸福和独立，美国科学家如是说。
一项为期14年的研究在本月末发表的结论中说，受老年病影响的老年人越来越少，受影响的时间也越来越迟。
在过去的十四年中，国家长期健康调查局收集了超过20000名年龄在65周岁以上的老年人的健康和生活方式方面的数据。
研究人员正在分析1994年收集到的数据,他们说，该年龄段人群经常患有的关节炎、高血压和血管病每年的发病率都在降低。
数据清晰表明,上述疾病发病率下降的速度也在加快。
其他的老年病，如老年痴呆、中风、动脉硬化和肺气肿等的发病率也在降低。
“这引发了一个严肃的问题,即多大年龄才应该被认为是正常的老龄。
”北加州Duke大学人口学家Kenneth如是说。
他说，1982年的医生们认为正常情况下在65岁发作的疾病，现在要在70甚至75岁才发病.很明显，某些疾病在不断进步的医学面前正在溃退。
但是也许还有一些其他原因.例如，二十世纪前二十五年出生的儿童的营养的提高使得今天的老年人在起跑线上就赢过了他们的父辈.从负面看来，这些数据也显示了公共卫生方面的一些失败之处,这些失败导致了一些疾病的激增。
某些癌症和支气管炎发病率的增加也许可以证明人们吸烟习惯的改变和空气质量的降低。
“这些可能只是一些微妙的影响"Manton说，“但是我们的受调查者60多年来生存其中的空气质量越来越糟.我们看到某些后果也不足为奇。
”Manton提出的一个有趣的关联是,人们受教育水平越高，寿命就越长。
例如，65岁的受教育少于8年的妇女的平均寿命为82岁。
受教育时间长于8年的妇女的平均寿命则高出7年。
尽管这可能与较高的收入也有关系，但Manton认为这主要是因为教育程度较高的人会在健康方面更加注意。
调查也对65岁以上的老年人的独立程度进行了评估，并且再次发现了一个惊人的趋势。
1994年的调查对象中，大约有80％可以完成日常活动，如自己吃饭穿衣，甚至煮饭和理财等复杂工作。
这意味着人口中没有自理能力的老年人的数量在快速下降。
如果美国14年前出现的明显趋势仍在延续，那么经研究人员计算，今天的人口中，没有自理能力的老年人的数量将多出100万。
Manton说,该趋势的减缓已经为美国政府的医疗系统节省下了至少2000亿美金，这意味着美国人口老龄化造成的财务负担并不像想象中的严重。
很多老年人自理能力的增强很可能与家中越来越多的使用简单医疗辅助设施有关。
例如，从研究伊始至今，加高马桶座的使用量已经翻了一番，浴缸凳的使用也增加了五成.这些改变带来了健康方面的改善，Macarthur基金会对健康老年人所作的一项研究得出了这样的结论。
每天保持一定量的体育运动可以防止大脑老化,加州大学神经学家Carl Cotman如是说。
他发现,老鼠在滚笼里的运动提升了它们大脑中脑源性神经因子的水平。
Cotman认为，这种激素可以保持神经系统正常工作,从而防止大脑的老化。
作为上述研究的一部分,南加州大学社会流行病学家Teresa Seeman发现在70岁以上人群中，自尊与压力之间也存在着关联。
在实验性模拟挑战行为（如驾驶）中，感觉自己能够控制生活的研究对象的压力激素(如可的松）水平比较低。
长期维持类似激素的的高水平可以导致心脏病。
但是独立也有缺点。
Seeman发现情感上比较孤独的老年人在睡眠中压力激素的水平也较高。
研究指出，如果老年人感到自己是独立的,但同时知道需要帮助的时候会有人伸出援手，他们才会感觉最好。
“与很多老龄化研究一样，这些结论只是证明了一些常识."Seeman如是说。
这些结论还表明,我们也许正在开始理解这些简单因素带来的影响。
“你祖母告诉你的那些事终究还是对的。
”她说。
READING PASSAGE 3文章结构［]［] [ ][]［][］［][］[ ］[ ] [ ］[］[]［]［][][］[ ] ［］［］［][］［]［］［］［][ ］[］[]［ ］ ［ ] ［][］［］ ［ ］ [][ ] [］Questions 27—31『题型』 SENTENCE COMPLETION『解析』 此题型可视为多个选择题将选项合并后的模式。
由于绝大部分选项将要入选，所以建议先阅读选项，并选取关键字，可避免很多重复阅读. 考题精解Questions 32-40『题型』TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 『解析』主题句解析1. 第三段首句（总结变具体）：Evidence of early stages of arithmetic and numeration can be readily found。
解析：段落首句中如果有总结性的词汇,也可以帮助我们确定它是主题句.就本段而言，evidence can be readily found(很容易找到证据）,表明本段主题为evidence。
2.第四段首句（首句中的评价性表达）The lack of ability of some cultures to deal with large numbers is not really surprising。
解析：如果段落首句中出现了评价性的表达，也基本可以确定此句是主题句,因为这表明了作者的基本立场。
就本段而言,not really surprising说明作者对The lack of ability基本态度。
因此后者就是本段的主题核心.参考译文计数法小孩子最重要的智力表现之一，就是学习如何讲话，紧随其后的就是学习如何数数。
从很小的年纪开始，我们就与计数体系存在着非常紧密的联系，以至于它已经变成了我们考虑早期人类所面临的问题时用到的重要依据之一，而这些问题产生之时，这一体系尚未存在。
认真的分析一下我们的计数体系,不难得出这样的结论：计数体系不是某个人水到渠成的想象,而是整个人类最伟大、最杰出的成就之一。
我们无法找到某些事件的先后顺序来证明数字概念的进化。
即便最早期的部落也拥有计数体系,尽管它可能尚不先进，却也足以用来完成他们的各项工作。
我们的祖先很少真正用到数字，比如，在收集食物的过程中，他们用到的大都是“够吗？”，而不是“多少？"这样的概念。
然而,当早期人类开始思考周遭事物特性的时候，他们发现自己需要一种数字的思维以保持思维顺畅。
随着定居生活的开始，他们开始种植作物并养殖家畜,对复杂完整的数字体系的需求变得极为迫切。
我们永远无法知晓计数体系是在何时以何种方式发展起来的，但是我们可以确定一点，即计数体系在人类形成半定居生活伊始，就已经非常完善了.早期算数和计数方式的证据倒是不难获取。
Tasmania的土著人只能数出“一、二、很多",南非的土著人可以数出“一、二、一和二、两个二、两个二和一”,诸如此类。
但是在真实环境中,手势经常伴随着数字和语言以解决很多歧义.例如，在使用“一、二、很多”计数体系时，“很多”可能意味着“瞧，我伸出了几根手指就有多少”.这种原始的方法局限于它能够表达的数字范围,但是这个范围基本上足以解决人类生活的简单方面。
某些文化处理较大数字的能力并不强，这不足为奇。
欧洲语言，倘若追溯到早期阶段，在表达数字的文字方面也是非常弱的。
古代哥特语中的“十”是tachund，而“百”是“tachund tachund”。
到了十七世纪，teon这个字可以与tachund或者古盎格鲁撒克逊语的hund替换，因而100就被描述成hund teontig，意思是十乘十.七世纪欧洲的普通人对于我们今天使用的数字并不熟悉。
在法庭上，一个人要证明自己有资格出庭作证，就必须要能够数到九。
在数字认知的发展过程中,最重要的阶段也许并不是数数的能力，而是明白一个道理,即数字是一个抽象的概念,而不是只能用来描述某些物品的附属概念。
早期人类的理解应该是这样的：四只鸟与两只鸟不是一回事。
然而，把四只鸟的“四”与“四块石头”的四关联起来，就不再是基础阶段的问题了。
把数字与具体物品联系起来是数字概念形成的一个巨大障碍.当“四"这个数字在思维中可以被当成一个独立于某些物品之外的字的时候，具有这种思维的人就可以使第一个阶段向符号化数字的阶段发展了,然后，再向算数阶段发展。
计数体系最初阶段的痕迹仍存在于当今的某些语言当中.British Columbia地区的Tsimshian 语中,计数体系包括7套不同的字，使用哪套要取决于所数物品的不同级别：形状平的物品和动物、圆形物品和时间、人、长条形物品和数、木船、量度、和没有具体物品时用到的计数等。
似乎是这样：最后这种是最后发展起来的，而前面六种只是古老计数体系的遗留而已。
这种数字叫法的多样化在某些广泛使用的语言(如日语)中也还存在。
与数字认知的发展混杂在一起的是数数能力的提高。
数数与数字概念的形成并无直接联系，因为通过把所数物品与石头,玉米粒或者手指匹配在一起,也可以数数。
这些物品的辅助对于早期人类来说是必不可缺的，因为他们没有这种机械形式的帮助，就无法完成数数的过程。
出于便利性的考虑，这种协助在当今社会受教育程度最高的人群中仍有使用，虽然稍有不同。
所有数数的行为最终都要以某些非所数物品做参照。
最初，这种参照可能是谷粒或者石块,而现在，它是一个文字序列，只是这个序列刚好是数字的名称而已。