经济史考试题目及答案(全英文)
Review Questions for Lecture/Topic 7: Township & Village Enterprises (TVEs)Q7.1a Indicate some private ownership forms inChina.Q7.1b Indicate some non-private but also non-state ownership forms inChina.Q7.2a Explain whyChina’s township-village enterprises (TVEs) are unique (in terms of ownership forms and international comparisons).Q7.2b A TVE is a coalition between entrepreneurs and community (township or village) government. Summarize the community government’s roles in or contributions to the TVE’s development.Q7.3 Summarize the two stages of TVEs’development.Q7.4a Summarize the government policies for TVEs during their golden period from 1979 to mid-1990s.Q7.4b Explain why TVEs at their early days of reform could achieve fast development [Or summarize the initial “favorable”conditions of TVEs at their early days of reform].Q7.4c Summarize TVEs’development from 1979 to mid-1990s.Q7.5a Summarize the reasons to privatize TVEs in mid-1990s.Q7.5b Indicate the various methods of TVE privatization in mid-1990s.Review Questions for Lecture/Topic 8 (Week 9):China’s Financial SystemQ8.1 Outline the evolution ofChina’s financial system.Q8.2a Explain financial deepening and financial broadening.Q8.2b Explain whyChina’s financial system is “deep but narrow”with the help of available data.Q8.3 Explain why the deposit side inChina’s banking system is impressive and successful.Q8.4a Describe the weakness ofChina’s banking system in the 1990s.Q8.4b Describe the steps of re-capitalization of Chinese banks to improve their capital adequacy ratios.Q8.5 Briefly describe the development ofChina’s stock markets.Q8.6 Indicate some peculiarities inChina’s stock markets.Q8.7 Give a comparative evaluation ofChina’s stock market capitalization.Q8.8 Describe the functions ofChina’s stock markets, and explain why these functions have or haven’t been achieved.QAs Lecture 7: China’s Township & Village Enterprises (TVEs)Q7.2b A TVE is a coalition between entrepreneurs and community (township or village) government. Summarize the community government’s roles in or contributions to the TVE’s development.∙ Political protection∙ Initial capital investment∙ Help obtain loans from rural credit cooperatives/banks︒ Negotiation ︒Collateralprovision ︒Loan guarantee∙ Selection and rewarding managers︒ Profit sharing ︒Leasing∙ ConnectionsQ7.3 Summarize the two stages of TVEs’development.∙ First Stage: from 1978 to mid-1990s︒ Slow start of private ownership firms︒ Very rapid growth of collective firms, especially rural TVEs︒ No privatization of collectives∙ Second Stage: from mid-1990s to present︒ Rapid growth of private ownership firms︒ Fast privatization of collective firms︒ Fast emergence of share holding ownership forms︒Publicly traded stock companies︒Closely held stock companiesQ7.5a Summarize the reasons to privatize TVEs in mid-1990s.∙ Government ownership has costs︒ Some TVEs were collectives in name (e.g., inWenzhou)︒ But most TVEs were real collectives∙ Changing economic conditions︒ Markets became more competitive, profit rates declined rapidly︒ Private firms enter, attracting able entrepreneurs away︒ When TVEs grew larger, more costly to manage with government involvement ∙ Changing political conditions︒ Private property rights become more secureQAs for Lecture 8: China’s Financial SystemQ8.4a Describe the weakness ofChina’s banking system in the 1990s.1. Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) for a (financial) firm is the share of own capital in totalassets. TheBaslestandard for CAR is 8%, so that a bank has adequate financial resources to deal with unexpected adverse events.2. In 1990s, state banks’CARs decreased to about 5%, while the share of bad loans (or non-performing loans –NPLs) soared:∙ Around 40% of total outstanding loans were NPLs in late 1990s, very high by international standard (5%) –although some can be recovered3. So the state banks were technically insolvent.Q8.8 Describe the functions ofChina’s stock markets, and explain why these functions have or haven’t been achieved.∙ Two purposes or functions ofChina’s stock markets:∙ Diversify financing channels: Raising funds directly from private investors instead of through banks∙ Diversify ownership structure: Dilute government’s shares and to improve corporate governance and control∙ Because the state still controls majority shares, the second purpose has not been achieved∙ Since the market is still quite “thin”and typically only open to large SOEs, the first purpose has not been well achieved∙ Initial development ofChina’s stock markets was clearly part and parcel of the process of state-enterprise reform, rather than being an alternative fundingchannel for independent and private firms.∙ This would not necessarily have been a bad beginning, if initial listing had led quickly to more thorough privatization.∙ Instead, this subordination to the state-owned economy became a congenital defect, and stock market reforms became stalled, presenting a classic example of the way in which a gradualist reform can get “stuck”halfway through theprocess of change.。
国际经济学英文题库（最全版附答案）
【国际经济学】英文题库Chapter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?*A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airplanes2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:A. the United States*B. SwitzerlandC. GermanyD. England3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:*A. grownB. diminishedC. remained unchangedD. cannot say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by:A. the size of the nations' populationB. the percentage of its population to its GDP*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above 5. Economic interdependence is greater for:*A. small nationsB. large nationsC. developed nationsD. developing nations6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is larger A. the larger the two nationsB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two nations*D. all of the above7. International economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nationsB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and paymentsC. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation*D. all of the above 8. International trade theory refers to:*A. the microeconomic aspects of international tradeB. the macroeconomic aspects of international tradeC. open economy macroeconomics or international financeD. all of the above 9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?A. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria10. Economic theory:A. seeks to explain economic eventsB. seeks to predict economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event*D. all of the above11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of inter national economics?A. two nationsB. two commodities*C. perfect international mobility of factorsD. two factors of production12. In the study of international economics:A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of paymentsC. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case*D. none of the above13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome:*A. distance and spaceB. trade restrictionsC. differences in currenciesD. differences in monetary systems14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of so ciety: A. positivelyB. negatively*C. most positively but some negativelyD. most negatively but some positively15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:A. benefit U.S. importers*B. benefits U.S. exportersC. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?A. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its contributors were not economistsD. none of the above思考题：1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要？2.列举体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要？3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么？Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative Advantage Multiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:*A.free tradeB. stimulating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*A. absolute advantageB. comparative advantageC. both absolute and comparative advantageD. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?A. AllB. most*C. someD. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantage*D. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:A. an absolute advantage in commodity YB. an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nation B can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity XB. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:A. Px/Py=1 in nation AB. Px/Py=3 in nation BC. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between nation A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two nationsB. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*D. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportunity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is true?A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slope dB. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwiseC. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is giv en by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nati ons*D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upo difference in:n a difference A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedD. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*A. verifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results were inconclusive思考题：比较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的？贸易利益又是如何分配的？现实世界中比较优势是如何度量的？你认为目前中国具有比较优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？比较优势会不会发生变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？经济学家是如何验证比较优势原理的？Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incur s i ncreasing increasing opportunity costs in the production of:A. commodity X onlyB. commodity Y only*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of XB. the opportunity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production*D. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:*A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogeneousC. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commoditiesD. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are le ss and less suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are convex to the originC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain o n the same indifference curve*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curveC. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curveD. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveB. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve*D. all of the above 7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesB. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be over come by the application of the compensation principleD. all of the above. 8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation?*A. It consumes inside its production frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontierC. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierD. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py 9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity YD. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradeequilibr A. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at e quilibr iumequilibri B. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at e quilibri umC. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:A. neither nation will specialize completely in productionB. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierC. a small nation will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is false?A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specializationB. gains from exchange result even without specialization*C. gains from specialization result even without exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alway s:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the sameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比较优势原理有何异同？两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗？两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗?Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of Trade Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is correct? A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodityB. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityC. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodity *D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriumA. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodityB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports*C. the commodity price will fallD. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:A. the supply of a nation's importsB. the demand for a nation's exportsC. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nationsA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionB. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesC. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption*D. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one market*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not the equilibrium quantity with tradeD. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?A. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontier an d indifference mapB. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesC. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves*D. all of the above 8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analy sis?A. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price with tradeB. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with tradeC. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all ma rkets in the economy*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the tradepartner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodity C. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity *D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:*A. increasesB. declinesC. remains unchangedD. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchanged*D. any of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导？有何用途？两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善？Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory Multiple-Choice Questions1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining the effect of trade on factor prices*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:A. the same technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale*C. complete specializationD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:*A. factor prices are the sameB. tastes are the sameC. production functions are the sameD. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:A. more K is used in the production of Y than XB. less L is used in the production of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than XD. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/KA. falls in the production of both commodities*B. rises in the production of both commoditiesC. can rise or fallD. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:A. greater absolute amount of KB. smaller absolute amount of LC. higher L/K ratio*D. lower r/w 7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a diffe rence in:A. technologyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above 8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:A. technology*B. factor endowmentsC. economies of scaleD. tastes 9. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:A. relative but not absolute factor pricesB. absolute but not relative factor prices*C. both relative and absolute factor pricesD. neither relative nor absolute factor prices10. According to the H-O model, international trade will:A. reduce international differences in per capita incomesB. increases international differences in per capita incomes*C. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomes D. lead to complete specialization11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. production in both nationsB. consumption in both nationsC. trade between the two nations*D. all of the above12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium model b ecause because it deals with:A. two nationsB. two commoditiesC. two factors of production*D. all of the above13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.*A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:A. must be rejectedB. must be accepted without reservations*C. can be accepted while awaiting further testingD. explains all international trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:*A. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factors B. the same K/L ratioC. technologically-fixed factor proportionsD. equal elasticity of substitution of factors思考题：H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？如何检验H-O理论的正确性？H-O-S定理的假设条件又是什么？他与生产要素国际间的流动有何关系？如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？Chapter 6: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International T radeMultiple-Choice Questions:1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:A. leads to rejection of the theoryB. leaves the theory unaffected*C. requires complementary trade theoriesD. any of the above.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, leav ethe theory unaffected? t he A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsB. both nations use the same technologyC. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nations*D. all of the aboveWhich of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, require new trade theories? r equire *A. Economies of scaleB. incomplete specializationC. similar tastes in both nationsD. the existence of transportation costsInternational trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have ide ntical:A. factor endowmentsB. tastesC. technology*D. all of the above5. A great deal of international trade:A. is intra-industry tradeB. involves differentiated productsC. is based on monopolistic competition*D. all of the above6. The Heckscher-Ohlin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:A. among industrial countriesB. between developed and developing countriesC. in industrial goods*D. all of the aboveThe theory that a nation exports those products for which a large domestic market e xistswas advanced by: w as *A. LinderB. VernonC. LeontiefD. Ohlin8. Intra-industry trade takes place:A. because products are homogeneous*B. in order to take advantage of economies of scaleC. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organizationD. all of the aboveIf a nation exports twice as much of a differentiated product that it imports, its intra- i ndustry industry (T) index is equal to:A. 1.00B. 0.75*C. 0.50D. 0.2510. Trade based on technological gaps is closely related to:A. the H-O theory*B. the product-cycle theoryC. Linder's theoryD. all of the above11. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theor y?A. It depends on differences in technological changes over time among countriesB. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countriesC. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to less advanced countries*D. all of the above12. Transport costs:A. increase the price in the importing countryB. reduces the price in the exporting country*C. both of the aboveD. neither A nor B.13. Transport costs can be analyzed:A. with demand and supply curvesB. production frontiersC. offer curves*D. all of the above14. The share of transport costs will fall less heavily on the nation:*A. with the more elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityB. with the less elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityC. exporting agricultural productsD. with the largest domestic market15. A footloose industry is one in which the product:A. gains weight in processingB. loses weight in processingC. both of the above*D. neither A nor B.思考题：本章的贸易理论与基于比较优势的贸易理论有哪些不同？这两类贸易理论是互相排斥的吗？H-O理论与心贸易理论之间有什么经验关联？运输成本对H-O定理和H-O-S定理有何影响？不同的环保标准时如何影响产业选址及国际贸易的？2009年底联合国哥本哈根气候大会中的议题与国际贸易有何关系？这对我国经贸发展有何影响？Chapter 7: Economic Growth and International Trade Multiple-Choice Questions1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above2. Doubling the amount of L and K under constant returns to scale:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityB. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityC. leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged*D. all of the above.3. Doubling only the amount of L available under constant returns to scale:A. less than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityC. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityD. leaves the output of the K-intensive commodity unchanged4. The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling L at constant relative commodity prices:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. reduces the output of the K-intensive commodityC. increases the output of both commoditiesD. any of the above5. Doubling L is likely to:A. increases the relative price of the L-intensive commodityB. reduces the relative price of the K-intensive commodity*C. reduces the relative price of the L-intensive commodityD. any of the aboveTechnical progress that increases the productivity of L proportionately more than the productivity of K is called: p roductivity *A. capital savingB. labor savingC. neutralD. any of the above7. A 50 percent productivity increase in the production of commodity Y:A. increases the output of commodity Y by 50 percentB. does not affect the output of XC. shifts the production frontier in the Y direction only*D. any of the above8. Doubling L with trade in a small L-abundant nation:*A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of tradeD. all of the above 9. Doubling L with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the aboveIf, at unchanged terms of trade, a nation wants to trade more after growth, then the n ation's nation's terms of trade can be expected to:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above A proportionately greater increase in the nation's supply of labor than of capital is lik ely to result in a deterioration in the nation's terms of trade if the nation exports: to A. the K-intensive commodity*B. the L-intensive commodityC. either commodityD. both commodities12. Technical progress in the nation's export commodity:*A. may reduce the nation's welfareB. will reduce the nation's welfareC. will increase the nation's welfareD. leaves the nation's welfare unchanged13. Doubling K with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. increases the nation's welfareB. improves the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the above14. An increase in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:A. reduces the volume of trade*B. increases the volume of tradeC. leaves the volume of trade unchangedD. any of the above15. An increase in tastes of the import commodity of Nation A and export in B:*A. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation AB. will increase the terms of trade of Nation AC. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation BD. any of the above思考题：要素积累和技术进步如何影响一国的生产可能性曲线的形状和位置？何种类型的经济增长最可恩能够导致国家福利的下降？那种类型的经济增长最可能导致国家福利的改善？Chapter 8: Trade Restrictions: TariffsMultiple-choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?A. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the traded com modityB. A specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodity.C. Export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution*D. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff 2. A small nation is one:A. which does not affect world price by its tradingB. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityC. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount of t he tariff*D. all of the above3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:A. consumption of the commodity increasesB. production of the commodity decreasesC. imports of the commodity increase*D. none of the aboveThe increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured by the area:*A. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without th e tariffB. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tariffC. under the demand curve between the commodity price with and without the tariffD. none of the above.。
英语经济理论学习30题
英语经济理论学习30题1. In a market economy, the allocation of resources is mainly determined by _____.A. government planningB. market forcesC. traditional customsD. random events答案：B。
本题主要考查市场经济中资源分配的决定因素。
选项A，政府规划在计划经济中起主导作用，而市场经济主要依靠市场力量。
选项C，传统习俗对资源分配的影响较小。
选项D，随机事件不是市场经济中资源分配的主要决定因素。
市场力量，如供求关系等，在市场经济中起着关键作用。
2. The law of demand states that, other things being equal, as the price of a good rises, the quantity demanded _____.A. risesB. fallsC. remains unchangedD. increases sharply答案：B。
本题考查需求定律。
根据需求定律，在其他条件不变的情况下，商品价格上升，需求量会下降。
选项A 价格上升需求量上升不符合需求定律。
选项C 需求量保持不变也不符合。
选项D 需求量大幅增加同样不符合需求定律。
3. Supply refers to the _____.A. amount of a good that producers are willing and able to sell at a given priceB. total amount of a good that exists in the economyC. amount of a good that consumers are willing to buyD. amount of a good that the government wants to produce答案：A。
国际经济学英文题库（最全版附答案）
国际经济学英文题库（最全版附答案）【国际经济学】英文题库Chapter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States *A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airplanes2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:A. the United States*B. SwitzerlandC. GermanyD. England3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:*A. grownB. diminishedC. remained unchangedD. cannot say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is giv en by:A. the size of the nations' populationB. the percentage of its population to its GDP*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above5. Economic interdependence is greater for:*A. small nationsB. large nationsC. developed nationsD. developing nations6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nat ions is largerA. the larger the two nationsB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two nations*D. all of the above7. International economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nationsB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and paymentsC. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation*D. all of the above8. International trade theory refers to:*A. the microeconomic aspects of international tradeB. the macroeconomic aspects of international tradeC. open economy macroeconomics or international financeD. all of the above9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international financeA. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria10. Economic theory:A. seeks to explain economic eventsB. seeks to predict economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds aneconomic event*D. all of the above11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of international economicsA. two nationsB. two commodities*C. perfect international mobility of factorsD. two factors of production12. In the study of international economics:A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of paymentsC. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case*D. none of the above13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must ove rcome:*A. distance and spaceB. trade restrictionsC. differences in currenciesD. differences in monetary systems14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of society:A. positivelyB. negatively*C. most positively but some negativelyD. most negatively but some positively15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:A. benefit . importers*B. benefits . exportersC. benefit both . importers and . exportersD. harms both . importers and . exporters16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is trueA. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its contributors were not economistsD. none of the above思考题：1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要2.列举体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么全球化的利弊各是什么Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative AdvantageMultiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:* tradeB. stimulating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*A. absolute advantageB. comparative advantageC. both absolute and comparative advantageD. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based onabsolute advantageA. AllB. most*C. someD. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantage*D. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is establish ed that nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:A. an absolute advantage in commodity YB. an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while na tion B can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity XB. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:A. Px/Py=1 in nation AB. Px/Py=3 in nation BC. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually benefic ial trade between nation A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two nationsB. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*D. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportunity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is trueA. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slop edB. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwiseC. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade isgiven by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commod ity by the two nations*D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upon a difference in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedD. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*A. verifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results were inconclusive思考题：比较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的贸易利益又是如何分配的现实世界中比较优势是如何度量的你认为目前中国具有比较优势的商品有哪些这意味着什么比较优势会不会发生变化什么样的原因可能会导致其变化经济学家是如何验证比较优势原理的Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nat ion incurs increasing opportunity costs in the production of:A. commodity X onlyB. commodity Y only*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit o f XB. the opportunity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production*D. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:*A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogeneousC. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the produ ction of all commoditiesD. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that ar e less and less suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are convex to the originC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still rem ain on the same indifference curve*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still re main on the same indifference curveC. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a hi gher indifference curveD. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a hi gher indifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for YA. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveB. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve*D. all of the above7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is t rueA. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesB. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be overcome by the application of the compensation principleD. all of the above.8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation*A. It consumes inside its production frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with itsproduction front ierC. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierD. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity YD. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradeA. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at equilibriumB. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than atequilibriumC. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:A. neither nation will specialize completely in productionB. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierC. a small nation will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is falsegains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the ga ins from specializationB. gains from exchange result even without specialization*C. gains from specialization result even without exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are a lways:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the sameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比较优势原理有何异同两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the T erms of TradeMultiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is correctA. The demand for imports is given by the excess demandfor the commodityB. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityC. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the co mmodity*D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriumA. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodityB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports*C. the commodity price will fallD. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:A. the supply of a nation's importsB. the demand for a nation's exportsC. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nationsA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nat ion:A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionB. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesC. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption*D. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is falseA. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one market*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but no t the equilibrium quantity with tradeD. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is trueA. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontie r and indifference mapB. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesC. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves *D. all of the above8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibr ium analysisA. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price with tradeB. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quant ity with tradeC. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all markets in the economy*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are in a two-nation world, those of the t rade partner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade pa rtner:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commod ityB. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commo dityC. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commo dity*D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commo dity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:*A. increasesB. declinesC. remains unchangedD. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare t o:A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchanged*D. any of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导有何用途两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的受哪些因素影响贸易条件的含义是贸易条件的改善意味着什么哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin TheoryMultiple-Choice Questions1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining the effect of trade on factor prices*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:A. the same technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale*C. complete specializationD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if: *A. factor prices are the sameB. tastes are the sameC. production functions are the sameD. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:A. more K is used in the production of Y than XB. less L is used in the production of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than XD. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/KA. falls in the production of both commodities*B. rises in the production of both commoditiesC. can rise or fallD. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:A. greater absolute amount of KB. smaller absolute amount of LC. higher L/K ratio*D. lower r/w7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based ona difference in:A. technologyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above。
国际经济学题库英文版
国际经济学题库(英文版)Part Ⅰ. Fill in the blank with suitable content.1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade , the pattern of trade , protectionism the balance of payments, exchange rate determination, international policy coordination, international capital market.2. Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons : comparative advantage and economics of scale .3. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.4. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. If aLC/aLW<aLC*/aLW* , Home has a comparative advantage in cheese. C p /W p is the relative price of cheese, whenaLC/aLW< Pc/Pw<aLC*/aLW* Home and Foreign specialize in producing cheese and wine , respectively.5. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. L and L*are Home’s and Foreign’s laborforce. If LC a /LW a <C p /W p <*LC a /*LW a , the world relative supply of cheese equals （L/aLC ）/(L*/aLW*) . Home’s gains from indirectly producing wine can be shown as (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw)－1/aLW6. In specific factors model(Q M =Q M (K, L M ); Q F =Q F (T, L F ); L=L M +L F ), if Home produces and trades manufactured goods for food , the overall comparison of the five change rate of goods price andfactor price MP ˆ、F P ˆ、K r ˆ、T r ˆ、W ˆinside Home is T F M K r P W P r ∧∧∧∧∧〉〉〉〉 . That is, the real income of capitalists increase, it can be shown as ↑M K P r ↑↑M K P r .7. There are two main reasons why international trade has strong effects on the distribution ofincome. First, resources can ’t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Second Industries differ in the factors of production they demand.8. In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,Comparative advantage is influenced by the interaction between relative abundance and relative intensity9.According to stolper-sammelson effect if the relative price of a good rises, the real income of the factor which intensively used in that good will rise, while the real income of the other factor will fall.10.According to 罗布津斯基效应 Rybczynski effect , at unchanged relative goods price, if the supply of a factor of production increases, the output of the good that are intensive in that factor will rise, while the output of the other good will fall.11.According to H-O 模型H-O proposition , owners of a country’s abundant factors gain from trade, but owners of a country’s scare factors lose.12.According to 要素价格均等化命题 Factor price equalization proposition , international trade produces a convergence （收敛） of relative goods prices. This convergence, in turns, causes the convergence of the relative factor prices. Trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices.（完整的要素价格均等化）13. Three assumptions （假设） crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These assumptions are (1) 两个国家都生产两种产品 both countries produce both goods (2) 两国技术相同 technologies are the same (3) 存在贸易壁垒：天然壁垒和人为壁垒There are barriers to trade: natural barriers and artificial barriers .14.“U.S. exports w ere less capital-intensive than U.S. imports” is known as 里昂惕夫悖论 Leontief paradox .15.The Ricardian Model , the Specific Factor model and the H-O model may be viewed as special cases （特殊情况） of 标准贸易模型 standard trade models16.The standard trade model derives （派生 推导） a world relative supply curve （曲线） fromproduction possibilities and a world relative demand curve from preferences . 17.To export-biased growth, if the decline （下降） of the welfare caused by the deterioration （恶化） of the terms of trade swap over （交换） the rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth is immiserizing growth (贫困化增长).18. Some economists argued that export-biased growth by poor nations would worsen their term of trade so much that they would be worse off than if they had not grown at all. This situation is known as immiserizing growth (贫困化增长).19.Immiserizing growth demands strict conditions, these conditions are economic growth is strongly export-biased , the growing country is large enough to affect the world price , RS and RD must be very steep .20.According to “ 梅茨勒悖论Metzle paradox ”, t ariffs and export subsidies （补贴） might have perverse （有害的） effects on internal price. 21.In the model of “Monopolistic （垄断） Competition and Trade”, firms of an individual nation face the trade-off between economies of scale and variety of products .22. Marshall argued that there were three main reasons why a cluster of firms （企业集群）may be more efficient than an individual firm in isolation: specialized supplies , labor market pooling ,knowledge spillovers (知识溢出)23.The pattern of intraindustry （产业内） trade itself is unpredicted, history and accident determine the details of the trade pattern.39. When there is external economies （外部经济）, the pattern of international trade is determined by economics of scale interact with comparative advantage .24. The indexes （指标）of intrainindustry trade of a industry can be calculated by the standard formula:25. Interindustry trade and intrainindustry （产业内） trade are the sources of gains from trade . When countries are similar in their relative factor supplies 、scale economies and product differentiations are important , intrainindustry trade is the dominant source （主要来源） of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. 26.The argument of temporary （暂时的） protection of industries to enable them to gain experience is known as 幼稚产业论the infant industry argument27. If we add together the gains and losses from a tariff, We find the net effect on national welfarecan be separated into two parts: terms of trade gain and efficiency loss 28.Why do countries adopt trade policies such as tariff or import quota, which produce more costs than benefits?—— trade politics29.In the political economy of trade policy （贸易政策的政治经济学） , government are assumed to （被假定为）maximize 政治成功political success rather than 国家福利 national welfare . 30.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. These arguments include the term of trade argument for a tariff and the domestic market failure argument31.According to “Specific rule (对症规则)”, domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problem’s sources.32. Although market failures are probably common, the domestic market failure argument against free trade should not be applied too freely.First domestic market failure should be corrected bydomestic policies aimed directly at the problems ’ sources ;Second economists cannot diagnose market failure well enough to prescribe policy .33. International trade often produces losers as well as winners. In the actual politics of trade policy,exp 1exp orts importsI orts imports -=-+income distribution is of crucial importance. 集体行动问题The problem of collective action can explain why policies that not only seem to produce more costs than benefits but that also seem to hurt far more voters them they can help can nonetheless be adopted.34.The WTO includes four aspects content: GATT 1994, GATS , TRIPS , TRIMS35.“Nondiscriminatory” principles （非歧视性原则）include most favored nation principle and national treatment principle 36.For preferential （优惠） trading agreements, such as customs union , countries must cede part of their sovereignty to supranational entity （必须放弃部分主权的超国家实体）37.Whether a customs union （关税同盟） is desirable （可取） or undesirable depends on whether it largely leads to trade creation or trade diversion .38.Trade policy in developing countries is concerned with two objectives （涉及两个目标）: promoting industrialization and Coping with the problem of the dual economy . industrialization and coping with the problems of the dual economy. Correspondingly, there are two main arguments for developing countries to pursue policy of import-substituting industrialization. The two arguments are the infant industry argument t and market failure justification for infant industry protection .40. Sophisticated proponents of the infant industry argument have identified two market failures as reasons why infant industry protection may be a good idea: The imperfect capital markets justification and The appropriability argument .Part Ⅱ. True or False (true and false are denoted by “T” and “F”, respectively) 1. If a LW */a L C *<a LW /a L C , Home’s relative productivity in cheese is higher. (T )2. According to the Ricardian model, it is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good.The good for which *Li a /Li a>w /*w will be produced in Foreign. ( F )3. It is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good. ( T )4.Long-run convergence(长期收敛) in productivity （生产力）produces long-run convergence inwages. ( T )5. “Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be f orced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.” (F )6.The proposition that trade is beneficial is unqualified(不合格). That is, there is no requirement that a country be “competitive” or that the trade be “fair”. ( T)7. Free trade is beneficial only if your country is strong enough to stand up to foreign competition.( F )8. Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages. （F ） 9. Trade exploits a country and make it worse off if its workers receive much lower wage than workers in other nations. (F )10.The Ricardian Model predicts an extreme degree(预测一个极端的程度) of specialization(专业化). ( T )11.The Ricardian Model neglects(忽略) the effects on income distribution. (T )12. The basic prediction of the Ricardian model has been strongly confirmed by a number of studies over years. ( T )13. The Ricardian Model predicts that countries tend to export those goods in which their productivity is relative high. ( T )14. We can think of factor specificity as a matter of time. ( T )15.The opportunity cost of manufacture in terms of food is denoted by(表示) MPL M /MPL F . ( F ) 16.A equal proportional change in price have no real effects on the real wage, real income of capital owner and land owner. ( T )17. Trade benefits the factor that is specific to the import-competing sectors of each country buthurts the factor to the export sectors, with ambiguous effects on mobile factors. ( F )18.It is possible in principle for a country’s government to use taxes and subsidies(补贴) to redistribute（重新分配）income to give each individual more of both goods. ( T )19. Although international trade has strong effects on income distribution, there are still possible in principle to make each individual better off. ( T )20. Typically, those who gain from trade in any particular product are a much more concentrated, informed, and organized group than those who lose. ( F )21. Conflicts of interest(利益冲突) within nations are usually more important in determining trade policy than conflicts of interest between nations. ( T )22. Generally, economists do not regard the income distribution effects of trade as a good reason to limit trade. ( T )23.The formulation of trade policy(贸易政策的制定) is a kind of political process(政治进程). ( T )24. “The world’s poorest countries can’t find anything to export. There is no r esource that is abundant—certainly not capital or land, and in small poor nations not even labor is abundant.” ( F ) 25. Wage inequality in U.S. increased between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, economists attribute the change to the growing exports of manufactured goods from NIEs. ( T )26. If the factor-proportion theory was right, a country would always export factors for which the income share exceeded the factor share, import factors for which it was less. ( F )27.The H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade(贸易量). ( T )28.Factor trade in general turns out to be much smaller than the H-O model predicts. ( T )29. According to an influential recent paper, the H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade. Factor trade in general turn out to be t he same a s the H-O model predicts.( F )30. Only by dropping the Heckscher-Ohlin assumption that technologies are the same across the countries can the overall pattern of international trade be well predicted by the H-O model.( T )31.If a country want to maximize its national welfare, the consumption point is where the highest isovalue line is tangent to the highest reachable indifference curve. ( T )32.A rise in the terms of trade increases a country’s welfare, while a decline in the terms of trade reduces its welfare. ( T )33.Export-biased growth tends to improve the growing country’s terms of trade at the rest of the world’s expense.( F )34.If the two countries allocate(分配) their change in spending in the same proportions, there will not be a terms of trade effect. ( T )35. If the country receiving a transfer spends a higher proportion of an increase income on its export good than the giver, a transfer raises world relative demand for the recipient’s export good and thus improve its terms of trade. ( T )36.A transfer worsens the donor’s terms of trade if the donor has a higher mariginal propensity to spend on its export good than the recipient(受体). ( T )37.A transfer improves the donor’s terms of trade, worsens recipient’s terms of trade. ( F )38.A transfer of income——say foreign aid——could conceivably leave the recipient worse off. ( T )39.A tariff improves Home’s terms of trade and worsens Foreign’s, while a Home export subsidy worsens Home’s terms of trade and improve Foreign’s.( T )40. Where there is economies of scale, there is imperfectly competitive market structure. ( F )41.If intraindustry trade is the dominant source of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. ( T )42.Effect on the distribution of income within countries often weight more heavily on policy than terms of trade concerns. ( T )43.The usual market structure in industries characterized by internal economies of scale is monopolistic competition. ( F )44.Today, antidumping(反倾销) may be a device of protectionism. ( T )45.Reciprocal(相互) dumping tends to increase the volume of trade in goods that are quite identical（一致）. ( F )46.It is possible that reciprocal dumping increase national welfare. ( T )47.Strong external(外部) economies tend to “locked in” the existing patterns of interindustry trade, even if the patterns are run counter to(背道而驰) comparative advantage. ( T )48.A trading country can conceivably lose from trade is potentially justify protectionism. ( T )49.Like static external economies, dynamic external economies can lock in an initial advantage in an industry. ( T )50.The stratigic trade policy is related to the model of “Monopolistic competition, differentiate products and intraindustry trade”. ( F )51.The model “Oligopoly, homogeneous products and intraindustry trade” is first developed by Krugman and Helpman . ( F )52.Trade in factors is very much like trade in goods, it occurs for much the same reasons and produces similar results. ( T )53.Trade in factors is an alternative(替代) to trade in goods for the allocation of resources. ( T )54.Wh en a country borrows, it’s intertemporal PPF is biased toward Q P.( F )55.The relative price of future consumption goods Q P is (1+r). ( T )56.The dynamic path of TNC s’ enter foreign market：FDI→Export→Licence. (F )57.Tariffs may have very different effects on different stages of production of a good. ( T )58.Nominal(名义)tariff reflects the effective rate of protection(有效保护率). (F)59.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only the direct gains to producers and consumers in a given market accurately measure the social gains. ( T )60.The costs and benefits analysis of a tari ff is correct if only a dollar’s worth of benefits to each group is the same. ( T )61.A VER is exactly like an import quota which the license are assigned to foreign government.( T )62.VER S are much more costly than tariffs. ( T )63.Local content laws have been widely used by developing countries trying to shift their manufacturing from assembly back into intermediate goods. ( T )64. A political argument for free trade reflects the fact that a political commitment to free trade may be a good idea in practice even though there may be better policies in principle. ( T )65.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. (T )66.For a sufficiently small tariff the terms of trade gain of small country must outweigh theefficiency loss.( F )67.The domestic market failure argument against free trade is intellectually impeccable but of doubtful usefulness. (F )68. “U.S. farm exports don’t just mean higher incomes for farmers — they mean higher income for everyone who sell goods and services to the U.S. farm sector”. This remark is a potential valid argument for export subsidy. ( T )69.Most deviations from free trade are adopted not because their benefit exceed their costs but because the public fails to understand their true costs. ( T )70.If there is marginal social costs rather than marginal social benefits, domestic market failure reinforce the case for free trade. ( T )71.The electoral competition model believes political competition will drive both parties to propose tariffs close to t M, the tariff preferred by the medium voter. ( T )72.The problem of collective action can best be overcome when a group is large and/or well organized. （F ）73.Trade policy that produce more costs than benefits, hurt more consumers than producers can’t be adopted.( F )74. As a violation of the MFN(“most favored nation”) principle, the WTO for bids preferential trading agreements in general, but allows them if they lead to free trade between the agreeing countries. ( T )75.The infant industry argument violates (违背)the principle of comparative advantage ( T )76.Import substituting industrialization(进口替代工业化) violates the principle of comparativeadvantage.( T )77. “Import quotas on capital-intensive industrial goods and subsidies for the import of capital equipment were meant to create manufacturing jobs in many developing countries. Unfortunately, they have probably helped create the urban unemployment problem.” ( T )78.The East Asian Miracle proved that industrialization and development must be based on import substitution. ( F )79.It is impossible for country to make itself worse off by joining accustoms union(联盟). ( F ) PartⅢ. Choose the ONLY one collect answer in each question.1. An important insight（启示）of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other itA.is always beneficial to both countries.B.is usually beneficial to both countries.C.is typically beneficial only to the lowwage trade partner country .D.is typically harmful to thetechnologically lagging country.E.tends to create unemployment in bothcountries.2. If there are large disparities（差距）in wage levels between countries, thenA. trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.B. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.C. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.D. trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.E. trade is likely to have no effect on either country.3.Cost-benefit analysis of international trade（成本收益分析）A.is basically useless.B.is empirically intractable.C.focuses attention on conflicts of interestwithin countries.D.focuses attention on conflicts of interestsbetween countries.E.None of the above.4. A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences inA.historical perspective.B.location.C.resource availabilities.D.tastes.E.incomes. 5. Arguments for free trade are sometimes disregarded（忽视）by the political process becauseA.economists tend to favor highly protecteddomestic markets.B.economists have a universally accepteddecisive power over the political decisionmechanism.C.maximizing consumer welfare may not bea chief priority（优先）for politicians. 扩大消费者福利不是最主要的D.the gains of trade are of paramountconcern to typical consumers.E.None of the above.6.Proponents（支持）of free trade claim allof the following as advantages except＿＿A. relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers.B. a wider selection of products for consumersC. increased competition for world producers.D. the utilization of the most efficient production processes.E. None of the above.In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ____unit labor requirementsA.oneB.twoC.threeD fourE five7. A country engaging in trade according tothe principles of comparative advantagegains from trade because itD.is producing exports indirectly moreefficiently than it could alternatively.E.is producing imports indirectly moreefficiently than it could domestically.F.is producing exports using fewer laborunits.G.is producing imports indirectly usingfewer labor units.H.None of the above.8. A nation engaging in trade according tothe Ricardian model will find itsconsumption bundle（消费约束）A.inside its production possibilitiesfrontier.B.on its production possibilities frontier.C.outside its production possibilitiesfrontier（生产可能性边界）.D.inside its trade-partner's productionpossibilities frontier.E.on its trade-partner's productionpossibilities frontier.9.If a very small country trades with a verylarge country according to the Ricardianmodel, thenA.the small country will suffer a decreasein economic welfare.B.the large country will suffer a decreasein economic welfare.C.the small country will enjoy gains fromtrade.D.the large country will enjoy gains fromtrade.E.None of the above.10.If the world terms of trade for a countryare somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, thenA.country H but not country F will gainfrom trade.B.country H and country F will both gainfrom trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain fromtrade.D.only the country whose governmentsubsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.11.If a production possibilities frontier isbowed out (concave to the origin) )(上凸，凹面向原点), then production occursunder conditions ofA.constant opportunity costs.B.increasing opportunity costs.C.decreasing opportunity costs.D.infinite opportunity costs.E.None of the above.12.If two countries have identical productionpossibility frontiers, then trade betweenthem is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.C.their demand conditions identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.13.Assume that labor is the only factor ofproduction and that wages in the UnitedStates equal $20 per hour while wages inJapan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States ascompared to Japan ifA.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 unitsper hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units perhour whereas Japan's was 20.C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 andJapan's 30.D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 andJapan's 25 units per hour.E.None of the above.14.International trade has strong effects onincome distributions. Therefore,international tradeA.is beneficial to everyone in both tradingcountries.B.will tend to hurt one trading country.C.will tend to hurt some groups in eachtrading country.D.will tend to hurt everyone in bothcountries.E.will be beneficial to all those engaged ininternational trade.15.If the price of the capital intensive productrises, wages willA.rise but by less than the price of thecapital-intensive product.（工资刚性，变动较慢）B.rise by more than the rise in the price ofthe capital-intensive product.C.remain proportionally equal to the priceof the capital-intensive product.D.fall, since higher prices cause lessdemand.E.None of the above.16.If Australia has more land per worker, andBelgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries,A.the real income of capital owners inAustralia would rise.B.the real income of labor in Australiawould clearly rise.C.the real income of labor in Belgiumwould clearly rise.D.the real income of landowners inBelgium would fall. 贸易知识使一国丰富要素部门得利，稀缺要素部门受损）E.the real incomes of capital owners inboth countries would rise.17.If the price of manufactures and the priceof food increase by 25%, thenA.the economy moves down its aggregatesupply curve.B.the economy moves back along itsaggregate demand curve.C.the relative quantities（相对数量）ofmanufactures and food remainunchanged.D.the relative quantities of productschange by 25%.E.None of the above.18.If the price of manufactures rises, thenA.the price of food also rises.B.the quantity of food produced falls.C.the quantity of both manufactures andfood falls.D.the purchasing power of labor in termsof food falls.E.None of the above.18.Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby(游说)the government to（贸易失利者游说政府）A.shift the direction of comparativeadvantage.B.abolish the Specific Factor model frompractical application.C.provide public support for the relativelyefficient sectors.D.provide protection for the relativelyinefficient sectors.E.None of the above.19.The specific factor model argues that ifland can be used both for food productionand for manufacturing, then a quota thatprotects food production willA.clearly help landowners.B.clearly hurt landowners.C.clearly help manufacture but hurt foodproduction.D.have an ambiguous effect on the welfareof landowners.E.None of the above.20.If, relative to its trade partners, Gambiniahas many workers but very little land andeven less productive capital, then,following the specific factor model, weknow that Gambinia has a comparativeadvantage inA.manufactures.B.food.C.both manufactures and food.D.neither manufactures nor food.E.None of the above.21.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlinmodel, an influx of workers from acrossthe border would（劳动者越过国境流入）A.move the point of production along theproduction possibility curve.B.shift the production possibility curveoutward, and increase the production ofboth goods.C.shift the production possibility curveoutward and decrease the production ofthe labor-intensive product.D.shift the production possibility curveoutward and decrease the production ofthe capital-intensive product.（资本密集型产品产量下降，扩展了生产可能性曲线，相当于扩展了消费的总量）E.None of the above.22.The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer andSveikauskasA.supported the validity of the LeontieffParadox.B.supported the validity of theHeckscher-Ohlin model.ed a two-country and two-productframework.D.demonstrated that in fact countries tendto use different technologies.E.proved that the U.S.'s comparativeadvantage relied on skilled labor.23.The Case of the Missing Trade refers toA.the 9th volume of the Hardy Boys'Mystery series.B.the fact that world exports does notequal world imports.C.the fact that factor trade is less thanpredicted by the Heckscher-Ohlintheory.D.the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theorypredicts much less volume of trade thanactually exists.E.None of the above.24.One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlinmodel differs from the Ricardo model ofcomparative advantage is by assumingthat _技术相同__ is (are) identical in all。
英语国内经济英语50题
英语国内经济英语50题1. The ______ of this product has increased greatly in recent years.A. demandB. supplyC. priceD. quality答案：A。
本题考查经济词汇的含义。
选项A“demand”意为“需求”；选项B“supply”指“供应”；选项C“price”是“价格”；选项D“quality”表示“质量”。
近年来产品需求大幅增加，所以选A。
2. The government is trying to control the ______ rate.A. inflationB. interestC. exchangeD. growth答案：A。
“inflation”是“通货膨胀”；“interest”是“利息”；“exchange”是“兑换，交换”；“growth”是“增长”。
政府试图控制通货膨胀率，选A。
3. In the domestic economy, ______ plays a crucial role.A. industryB. agricultureC. serviceD. education答案：A。
“industry”是“工业”；“agriculture”是“农业”；“service”是“服务业”；“education”是“教育”。
在国内经济中，工业起着关键作用，故选A。
4. The ______ of a company can affect its stock price.A. profitB. lossC. debtD. revenue答案：D。
“profit”意思是“利润”；“loss”是“损失”；“debt”是“债务”；“revenue”指“收入”。
公司的收入会影响其股票价格，选D。
5. The domestic economy depends on ______ from various sectors.A. incomeB. outputC. investmentD. consumption答案：D。
财经英语试题及答案
财经英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a financial instrument?A. StockB. BondC. CommodityD. Insurance policyAnswer: D2. In financial markets, what is the term for the difference between the buying and selling prices of a security?A. SpreadB. DividendC. YieldD. Interest rateAnswer: A3. What is the term used to describe the risk of a security's value changing due to market fluctuations?A. Credit riskB. Market riskC. Liquidity riskD. Operational riskAnswer: B4. Which of the following is not a type of financial statement?A. Balance sheetB. Income statementC. Cash flow statementD. Profit and loss statementAnswer: D5. What is the term for the process of evaluating an investment based on various factors to determine its potential return and risk?A. Due diligenceB. Portfolio managementC. Financial analysisD. Risk assessmentAnswer: C6. What does GDP stand for in economics?A. Gross Domestic ProductB. Gross Domestic ProfitC. Gross Domestic PerformanceD. Gross Domestic PriceAnswer: A7. In the context of finance, what does the acronym "IPO" stand for?A. Initial Public OfferingB. International Profit OrganizationC. International Portfolio OrganizationD. International Product OfferingAnswer: A8. What is the term for a financial contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell anunderlying asset at a specified price on or before a certain date?A. Call optionB. Put optionC. Forward contractD. Futures contractAnswer: A9. Which of the following is not a component of the financial system?A. BanksB. Securities exchangesC. Insurance companiesD. Manufacturing companiesAnswer: D10. What is the term used to describe the process of determining a company's value based on its financial performance and potential for future growth?A. ValuationB. ForecastingC. BudgetingD. AuditingAnswer: A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of converting cash into other assets is known as ____________.Answer: investing2. A __________ is a financial institution that acceptsdeposits, offers loans, and provides other financial services. Answer: bank3. The __________ is a document that outlines the terms and conditions of a loan, including the interest rate and repayment schedule.Answer: loan agreement4. __________ is the risk that a borrower may default ontheir loan payments.Answer: credit risk5. A __________ is a financial statement that shows acompany's financial position at a specific point in time. Answer: balance sheet6. __________ is the process of evaluating a company'sfinancial health by analyzing its financial statements. Answer: financial analysis7. The __________ is a financial statement that shows a company's revenues, expenses, and net income over a specific period.Answer: income statement8. __________ is the risk that a security's value maydecrease due to a decline in the overall market.Answer: market risk9. A __________ is a financial instrument that represents an ownership interest in a company.Answer: stock10. __________ is the risk that a security may be difficult to sell at a desired price.Answer: liquidity risk三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between a stock and a bond. Answer: A stock represents ownership in a company and typically offers the potential for capital appreciation and dividends. A bond, on the other hand, is a debt instrument issued by a company or government, promising to pay periodic interest and return the principal at maturity.2. What are the main factors that influence a company'scredit rating?Answer: The main factors that influence a company's credit rating include its financial stability, debt levels, profitability, management quality, industry position, and economic conditions. Credit rating agencies assess these factors to determine the likelihood of the company meetingits financial obligations.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of diversification in an investment portfolio.Answer: Diversification is crucial in an investment portfolio as it helps to spread risk across a variety of investments, reducing the impact of a poor-performing asset on the overall portfolio. By investing in different asset classes, sectors, and geographical regions, investors can potentially achievebetter returns and lower volatility. Diversification also allows for the exploitation of different market opportunities and can protect against unforeseen events that may affect specific investments.2. Explain the role of financial statements in business decision-making.Answer: Financial statements play a vital role in business decision。
经济学原理对应练习题及答案（英文版）
经济学原理对应练习题及答案（英文版）1. T he word that comes from the Greek word for "one who managesa household" isa. market.b. consumer.c. producer.d. economy.2. T he word “economy” comes from the Greek word oikonomos,which meansa. “environment.”b. “production.”c. “one who manages a household.”d. “one who makes decisions.”3. R esources area. scarce for households but plentiful for economies.b. plentiful for households but scarce for economies.c. scarce for households and scarce for economies.d. plentiful for households and plentiful for economies.4. E conomics deals primarily with the concept ofa. scarcity.b. poverty.c. change.d. power.5. W hich of the following questions is not answered by thedecisions that every society must make?a. What determines consumer preferences?b. What goods will be produced?c. Who will produce the goods?d. Who will consume the goods?6. T he overriding reason as to why households and societies facemany decisions is that2 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economicsa. resources are scarce.b. goods and services are not scarce.c. incomes fluctuate with business cycles.d. people, by nature, tend to disagree.7. T he phenomenon of scarcity stems from the fact thata. most economies’production methods are not very good.b. in most economies, wealthy people consumedisproportionate quantities of goods and services.c. governments restricts production of too many goods andservices.d. resources are limited.8. A pproximately what percentage of the world's economiesexperience scarcity?a. 25%b. 50%c. 75%d. 100%9. W hen a society cannot produce all the goods and servicespeople wish to have, it is said that the economy isexperiencinga. scarcity.b. shortages.c. inefficiencies.d. inequities.10. F or society, a good is not scarce ifa. at least one individual in society can obtain all he orshe wants of the good.b. firms are producing the good at full capacity.c. all members of society can have all they want of thegood.Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 3d. those who have enough income can buy all they want ofthe good.11. W hich of the following products would be considered scarce?a. golf clubsb. Picasso paintingsc. applesd. All of the above are correct.12. E conomics is the study ofa. production methods.b. how society manages its scarce resources.c. how households decide who performs which tasks.d. the interaction of business and government.14. I n most societies, resources are allocated bya. a single central planner.b. a small number of central planners.c. those firms that use resources to provide goods andservices.d. the combined actions of millions of households andfirms.15. T he adage, "There is no such thing as a free lunch," isusedto illustrate the principle thata. goods are scarce.b. people face tradeoffs.(to get something we like, weusually have to give up another thing we like)c. income must be earned.d. households face many decisions.18. W hich of the following statements best represents theprinciple represented by the adage, "There is no such thing as a free lunch"?4 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economicsa. Melissa can attend the concert only if she takes hersister with her.b. Greg is hungry and homeless.c. Brian must repair the tire on his bike before he can rideit to class.d. Kendra must decide between going to Colorado or Cancunfor spring break.19. T he principle that "people face tradeoffs" applies toa. individuals.b. families.c. societies.d. All of the above are correct.20. A typical society strives to get the most it can from itsscarce resources. At the same time, the society attempts to distribute the benefits of those resources to the members of the society in a fair manner. In other words, the society facesa tradeoff betweena. guns and butter.b. efficiency and equity.c. inflation and unemployment.d. work and leisure.21. G uns and butter are used to represent the classic societaltradeoff between spending ona. durable and nondurable goods.b. imports and exports.c. national defense and consumer goods.d. law enforcement and agriculture.22. W hen society requires that firms reduce pollution, there isa. a tradeoff because of reduced incomes to the firms'owners and workers.b. a tradeoff only if some firms are forced to close.Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 5c. no tradeoff, since the cost of reducing pollution fallsonly on the firms affected by the requirements.d. no tradeoff, since everyone benefits from reducedpollution.23. A tradeoff exists between a clean environment and a higherlevel of income in thata. studies show that individuals with higher levels ofincome actually pollute less than low-income individuals.b. efforts to reduce pollution typically are notcompletely successful.c. laws that reduce pollution raise costs of production andreduce incomes.d. by employing individuals to clean up pollution,employment and income both rise.24. W hich of the following phrases best captures the notion ofefficiency?a. absolute fairnessb. equal distributionc. minimum wasted. equitable outcome25. W hich of the following is true?a. Efficiency refers to the size of the economic pie;equity refers to how the pie is divided.b. Government policies usually improve upon both equityand efficiency.c. As long as the economic pie continually gets larger, noone will have to go hungry.d. Efficiency and equity can both be achieved if theeconomic pie is cut into equal pieces.26. E fficiency means that6 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economicsa. society is conserving resources in order to save themfor the future.b. society's goods and services are distributed equallyamong society's members.c. society's goods and services are distributed fairly,though not necessarily equally, among society's members.d. society is getting the maximum benefits from its scarceresources.27. E conomists use the word equity to describe a situation inwhicha. each member of society has the same income.b. each member of society has access to abundant quantitiesof goods and services, regardless of his or her income.c. society is getting the maximum benefits from its scarceresources.d. the benefits of society's resources are distributedfairly among society's members.28. S enator Smith wants to increase taxes on people with highincomes and use the money to help the poor. Senator Jones argues that such a tax will discourage successful people from working and will therefore make society worse off. An economist would say thata. we should agree with Senator Smith.b. we should agree with Senator Jones.c. a good decision requires that we recognize bothviewpoints.d. there are no tradeoffs between equity and efficiency.29. W hich of the following words and phrases best captures thenotion of equity?a. minimum wasteb. maximum benefitChapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 7c. samenessd. fairnessANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Equity MSC: Definitional30. W hen government policies are enacted,a. equity can usually be enhanced without an efficiencyloss, but efficiency can never be enhanced without an equity loss.b. efficiency can usually be enhanced without an equityloss, but equity can never be enhanced without an efficiency loss.c. it is always the case that either efficiency andfairness are both enhanced, or efficiency and equity are both diminished.d. None of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: Applicative31. A likely effect of government policies that redistributeincome and wealth from the wealthy to the poor is that those policiesa. enhance equity.b. reduce efficiency.c. reduce the reward for working hard.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: Interpretive8 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics32. W hen the government implements programs such as progressiveincome tax rates, which of the following is likely to occur?a. Equity is increased and efficiency is increased.b. Equity is increased and efficiency is decreased.c. Equity is decreased and efficiency is increased.d. Equity is decreased and efficiency is decreased. ANS: B DIF:2 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: Interpretive33. A s a result of a successful attempt by government to cut theeconomic pie into more equal slices,a. it is easier to cut the pie, and therefore the economycan produce a larger pie.b. the government can more easily allocate the pie to thosemost in need.c. the pie gets smaller, and there will be less pie overall.d. government will spend too much time cutting and itcauses the economy to lose the ability to produce enough pie for everyone.ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: Analytical34. W hen the government attempts to improve equity in an economythe result is oftena. an increase in overall output in the economy.b. additional government revenue since overall income willincrease.c. a reduction in equity.d. a reduction in efficiency.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: InterpretiveChapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 935. W hen the government redistributes income from the wealthy tothe poor,a. efficiency is improved, but equity is not.b. both wealthy people and poor people benefit directly.c. people work less and produce fewer goods and services.d. wealthy people consume fewer goods, but poor people consume more goods, resulting in no real change. ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: Interpretive36. I n economics, the cost of something isa. the dollar amount of obtaining it.b. always measured in units of time given up to get it.c. what you give up to get it.d. often impossible to quantify, even in principle. ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Definitional37. W hat you give up to obtain an item is called youra. opportunity cost.b. explicit cost.c. true cost.d. direct cost.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Definitional10 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics38. T he opportunity cost of going to college isa. the total spent on food, clothing, books, transportation, tuition, lodging, and other expenses.b. the value of the best opportunity a student gives up to attend college.c. zero for students who are fortunate enough to have all of their college expenses paid by someone else.d. zero, since a college education will allow a student toearn a larger income after graduation.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretive39. M aurice receives $100 as a birthday gift. In deciding how tospend the money, he narrows his options down to four choices: Option A, Option B, Option C, and Option D. Each option costs $100. Finally he decides on Option B. The opportunity cost of this decision isa. the value to Maurice of the option he would have chosenhad Option B not been available.b. the value to Maurice of Options A, C and D combined.c. $100.d. $300.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: ApplicativeChapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 1140. A furniture maker currently produces 100 tables per week andsells them for a profit. She is considering expanding her operation in order to make more tables. Should she expand?a. Yes, because making tables is profitable.b. No, because she may not be able to sell the additionaltables.c. It depends on the marginal cost of producing more tablesand the marginal revenue she will earn from selling more tables.d. It depends on the average cost of producing more tablesand the average revenue she will earn from selling more tables.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Applicative41. F or most students, the largest single cost of a collegeeducation isa. the wages given up to attend school.b. tuition, fees, and books.c. room and board.d. transportation, parking, and entertainment.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretive12 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics42. F or a college student who wishes to calculate the true costsof going to college, the costs of room and boarda. should be counted in full, regardless of the costs ofeating and sleeping elsewhere.b. should be counted only to the extent that they are moreexpensive at college than elsewhere.c. usually exceed the opportunity cost of going to college.d. plus the cost of tuition, equals the opportunity costof going to college.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative43. F or which of the following individuals would the opportunitycost of going to college be highest?a. a promising young mathematician who will command a highsalary once she earns her college degreeb. a student with average grades who has never held a jobc. a famous, highly-paid actor who wants to take time awayfrom show business to finish college and earn a degreed. a student who is the best player on his collegebasketball team, but who lacks the skills necessary to play professional basketballANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: ApplicativeChapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 1344. W hen you calculate your true costs of going to college, whatportion of your room-and-board expenses should be included?a. Your full room-and-board expenses should always beincluded.b. None of your room-and-board expenses should ever beincluded.c. You should include only the amount by which yourroom-and-board expenses exceed the income you earn while attending college.d. You should include only the amount by which yourroom-and-board expenses exceed the expenses for rent and food if you were not in college.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative45. T he opportunity cost of an item isa. the number of hours needed to earn money to buy the item.b. what you give up to get that item.c. usually less than the dollar value of the item.d. the dollar value of the item.ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Definitional14 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics46. M allory decides to spend three hours working overtime ratherthan watching a video with her friends. She earns $8 an hour.Her opportunity cost of working isa. the $24 she earns working.b. the $24 minus the enjoyment she would have received fromwatching the video.c. the enjoyment she would have received had she watchedthe video.d. nothing, since she would have received less than $24 ofenjoyment from the video.ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative47. R ussell spends an hour studying instead of playing tennis.The opportunity cost to him of studying isa. the improvement in his grades from studying for thehour.b. the improvement in his grades from studying minus theenjoyment of playing tennis.c. the enjoyment and exercise he would have received hadhe played tennis.d. zero. Since Russell chose to study rather than to playtennis, the value of studying must have been greater than the value of playing tennis.ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: ApplicativeChapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics 1548. C ollege-age athletes who drop out of college to playprofessional sportsa. are not rational decision makers.b. are well aware that their opportunity cost of attendingcollege is very high.c. are concerned more about present circumstances thantheir future.d. underestimate the value of a college education. ANS: B DIF:2 REF: 1-1TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretive49. A rational decisionmakera. ignores marginal changes and focuses instead on “thebig picture.”b. ignores the likely effects of government policies whenhe or she makes choices.c. takes an action only if the marginal benefit of thataction exceeds the marginal cost of that action.d. takes an action only if the combined benefits of thataction and previous actions exceed the combined costs of that action and previous actions.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Interpretive50. R ational people make decisions at the margin bya. following marginal traditions.b. behaving in a random fashion.c. thinking in black-and-white terms.d. comparing marginal costs and marginal benefits. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Marginal changes MSC: Interpretive。
英文版宏观经济典型例题附带答案解析
Macroeconomics 1、2、3、4、Abby consumes only apples. In year 1, red apples cost 1 dollar each, green apples cost 2 dollar each, and Abby buys 10 red apples. In year 2, red apples cost 2 dollar, green apples cost 1 dollar, and Abby buys 10 green apples.pute a consumer price index for apples for each year. Assume that year 1isthe base year in which the consumer basket is fixed. How does your index change from year 1 to year 2?pute Abby’s nominal spending on apples in each year. How does it changefrom year 1 to year 2?ing year 1 as the base year, compute Abby’s real spending on apples in eachyear. How does it change from year 1 to year 2?d.Defining the implicit price deflator as nominal spending divided by realspending, compute the deflator for each year. How does the deflator changefrom year 1 to year 2?Suppose that Abby is equally happy eating red or green apples. How much has the true cost of living increased for Abby? Compare this answer to your answers to parts (a) and (d). What does this example tell you about Laspeyres and Paasche price indexes?a.According to the CPI(消費物價指數), prices have doubled.b. N-spending is the total value of output produced in each year. In Y1 and Y2, Abby buys 10 apples for $1 each, so her N-spending remains constant at $10.c. R-spending is the total value of output produced in each year valued at the prices prevailing in Y1.In Y1,the base year,her R-spending equals her N-spending of $10. In year 2, she consumes 10 green apples that are each valued at their Y1 price of $2, so her real spending is $20.Hence, Abby’s real spending rises from $10 to $20.d.Thus, the implicit price deflator suggests that prices have fallen by half.e. If Abby thinks of red apples and green apples as perfect substitutes, then the cost ofliving in this economy has not changed.According to the CPI, however, the cost of living has doubled. In contrast to the CPI, the implicit price deflator estimates the cost of living has halved.Thus, the CPI, a Laspeyres index, overstates the increase in the cost of living and the deflator, a Paasche index, understates it.This chapter of the text discusses the difference between Laspeyres and Paasche indices in more detail.5、6、Suppose that an economy’s production function is Cobb-Douglas withα=.parameter 0.3a. What fractions of income do capital and labor receive?b. Suppose that immigration increases the labor force by 10 percent. Whathappen to total output? The rental price of capital? The real wage?c. Suppose that a gift of capita form abroad raises the capital stock by 10 percent.What happens to total output(in percent). The rental price of capital? The real wage?d. Suppose that a technological advance raises the value of the parameter A by 10percent. What happens to total output? The rental price of capital? The real wage?7、Suppose that the money demand function takes the form(/)(,)/(5)d M P L i Y Y i ==a. If output grows at rate g, at what rate will the demand for real balancesgrow(assuming constant nominal interest rates)?b. What is the velocity of money in this economy?c.If inflation and nominal interest rates are constant, at what rate, if any, willvelocity grow?d.How will a permanent increase in the level of interest rates affect the level ofvelocity? How will it affect the subsequent growth rate of velocity?8、Consider an economy with the following Cobb-Douglas production function:123Y K LThe economy has 1000 units of capital and a labor force of 1000 workers.a.Derive the equation describing labor demand in this economy as afunction of the real wage and the capital stock.b.If the real wage can adjust to equilibrate labor supply and labordemand, what is the real wage? In this equilibrium, what are employment, output, and the total amount earned by workers?c.Now suppose that Congress, concerned about the welfare of theworking class, passes a law requiring firms to pay workers a real wageof 1 unit of output. How does this wage compare to the equilibrium wage?d.Congress cannot dictate how many workers firm hire at the mandatedwage. Given this fact, what are the effects of this law? Specifically, what happens to employment, output and the total amount earned by workers?e.Will Congress succeed in its goal of helping the working class?Explain.f.Do you think that this analysis provides a good way of thinking abouta minimum-wage law? Why or why not?9、One country , A, the capital share of GDP is 30 percent, the average growth inoutput is 3 percent per year, the depreciation rate is about 4 percent per year, and the capital-output rate is about 2.5. Suppose that the production function is Cobb-Douglas, so the capital share is constant, and that country A has been in a steady state ;.a. What must the saving rate be in the initial?b. Compare the capital-output ratio at the Golden Rule steady state to thecapital-output ratio in the initial state.c. What must the saving rate be to reach the Golden Rule steady state? Doses itneed to be increased or decreased? What policies might country A purse ?10、Two countries, Richland and Poorland, are described by the Solow growthmodel. They have the same Cobb-Douglas production function , 1(,)F K L AK L αα-=, butwith different quantities of capital and labor,. Richland save 32 percent of its income,while Poorland saves 10 percent. Richland has population growth of 1 percent per year, while Poorland has population growth of 3 percent.(The numbers in this problem are chosen to be approximately realistic descriptions of rich and poor nations.) Both nations have technological progress at rate of 2 percent per year and depreciation at a rate of 5 percent per year.a.What is the per-worker production function f(k)?b.Solve for the ratio of Richland’s steady-state income per worker to Poorland’s.(Hint: The parameter αwill play a role in your answer.)c.If the Cobb-Douglas parameter αtakes the conventional value of about 1/3,how much higher should income per worker in Richland compared to Poorland?d.Income per worker in Richland is actually 16 times income per worker inPoorland. Can you explain this fact by changing the value of parameter α?What must it be? Can you think of any way of justifying such a value for this parameter? How else might you explain the larger difference in income between Richland and Poorland?8、Suppose that consumption depends on the level of real money balance ( on the grounds that real money balances are part of wealth). Show that if real money balances depend on the nominal interest rate, then an increase in the rate ofmoney growth affects consumption, investment, and the real interest rate. Does the nominal interest rate adjust more than one-for-one or less than one-for-one to expected inflation?This deviation from the classical dichotomy and the Fisher effect is called the Mundell-Tobin effect. How might you decide whether the Mundell-Tobin effect is important in practi概率小：3、Consider how each of the following events is likely to affect real GDP. Do you think the change in real GDP reflects a similar change in economic well-being?a. A hurricane in Florida forces Disney World to shut down for a month.b. Increased hostility between unions and management sparks a rash of strikes?c. Firms throughout the economy experience falling demand, causing them to lay off workers.d. More high-school students drop out of school to take jobs mowing lawns.4、When the government subsidizes investment, such as with an investment taxcredit, the subsidy often applies to only some types of investment. This question asks you to consider the effect of such a change. Suppose there are two types of investment in the economy: business investment and residential investment. And suppose that the government institutes an investment taxcredit only for business investment.a. How does this policy affect the demand curve for business investment? Thedemand curve for residential investment?b. Draw the economy’s supply and demand for loanable funds. How does thispolicy affect the supply and demand for loanable funds? What happens to the equilibrium interest rate?c. Compare the old and the new equilibria. How does this policy affect the totalquantity of investment? The quantity of residential investment?。
最新国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)
【国际经济学】英文题库Chapter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?*A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airplanes2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:A. the United States*B. SwitzerlandC. GermanyD. England3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:*A. grownB. diminishedC. remained unchangedD. cannot say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by:A. the size of the nations' populationB. the percentage of its population to its GDP*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above5. Economic interdependence is greater for:*A. small nationsB. large nationsC. developed nationsD. developing nations6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is largerA. the larger the two nationsB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two nations*D. all of the above7. International economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nationsB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and paymentsC. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation*D. all of the above8. International trade theory refers to:*A. the microeconomic aspects of international tradeB. the macroeconomic aspects of international tradeC. open economy macroeconomics or international financeD. all of the above9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?A. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria10. Economic theory:A. seeks to explain economic eventsB. seeks to predict economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event*D. all of the above11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of inter national economics?A. two nationsB. two commodities*C. perfect international mobility of factorsD. two factors of production12. In the study of international economics:A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of paymentsC. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case*D. none of the above13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome: *A. distance and spaceB. trade restrictionsC. differences in currenciesD. differences in monetary systems14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of so ciety:A. positivelyB. negatively*C. most positively but some negativelyD. most negatively but some positively15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:A. benefit U.S. importers*B. benefits U.S. exportersC. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?A. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its contributors were not economistsD. none of the above思考题：1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要？2.列举体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要？3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么？Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative AdvantageMultiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:*A.free tradeB. stimulating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*A. absolute advantageB. comparative advantageC. both absolute and comparative advantageD. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?A. AllB. most*C. someD. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantage*D. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:A. an absolute advantage in commodity YB. an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nationB can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity XB. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:A. Px/Py=1 in nation AB. Px/Py=3 in nation BC. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between nation A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two nationsB. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*D. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportunity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is true?A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slope dB. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwiseC. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is giv en by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nati ons*D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upo n a difference in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedD. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*A. verifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results were inconclusive思考题：比较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的？贸易利益又是如何分配的？现实世界中比较优势是如何度量的？你认为目前中国具有比较优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？比较优势会不会发生变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？经济学家是如何验证比较优势原理的？Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incur s increasing opportunity costs in the production of:A. commodity X onlyB. commodity Y only*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of XB. the opportunity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production*D. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:*A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogeneousC. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commoditiesD. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are le ss and less suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are convex to the originC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain o n the same indifference curve*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curveC. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curveD. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveB. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve*D. all of the above7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesB. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be over come by the application of the compensation principleD. all of the above.8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation? *A. It consumes inside its production frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontierC. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierD. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity YD. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradeA. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at equilibr iumB. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at equilibri umC. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:A. neither nation will specialize completely in productionB. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierC. a small nation will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is false?A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specializationB. gains from exchange result even without specialization*C. gains from specialization result even without exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alway s:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the sameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比较优势原理有何异同？两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗？两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗?Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of TradeMultiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is correct?A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodityB. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityC. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodity *D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriumA. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodityB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports*C. the commodity price will fallD. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:A. the supply of a nation's importsB. the demand for a nation's exportsC. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nationsA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionB. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesC. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption*D. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one market*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not the equilibrium quantity with tradeD. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?A. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontier an d indifference mapB. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesC. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves*D. all of the above8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analy sis?A. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price withtradeB. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with tradeC. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all ma rkets in the economy*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner: *A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodit yC. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity *D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:*A. increasesB. declinesC. remains unchangedD. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchanged*D. any of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导？有何用途？两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善？Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin TheoryMultiple-Choice Questions1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining the effect of trade on factor prices*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:A. the same technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale*C. complete specializationD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:*A. factor prices are the sameB. tastes are the sameC. production functions are the sameD. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:A. more K is used in the production of Y than XB. less L is used in the production of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than XD. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/KA. falls in the production of both commodities*B. rises in the production of both commoditiesC. can rise or fallD. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:A. greater absolute amount of KB. smaller absolute amount of LC. higher L/K ratio*D. lower r/w7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a diffe rence in:A. technologyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:A. technology*B. factor endowmentsC. economies of scaleD. tastes9. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:A. relative but not absolute factor pricesB. absolute but not relative factor prices*C. both relative and absolute factor pricesD. neither relative nor absolute factor prices10. According to the H-O model, international trade will:A. reduce international differences in per capita incomesB. increases international differences in per capita incomes*C. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomes D. lead to complete specialization11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. production in both nationsB. consumption in both nationsC. trade between the two nations*D. all of the above12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. two nationsB. two commoditiesC. two factors of production*D. all of the above13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.*A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:A. must be rejectedB. must be accepted without reservations*C. can be accepted while awaiting further testingD. explains all international trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:*A. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factorsB. the same K/L ratioC. technologically-fixed factor proportionsD. equal elasticity of substitution of factors思考题：H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？如何检验H-O理论的正确性？H-O-S定理的假设条件又是什么？他与生产要素国际间的流动有何关系？如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？Chapter 6: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International T radeMultiple-Choice Questions:1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:A. leads to rejection of the theoryB. leaves the theory unaffected*C. requires complementary trade theoriesD. any of the above.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, leav ethe theory unaffected?A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsB. both nations use the same technologyC. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nations*D. all of the aboveWhich of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, require new trade theories?*A. Economies of scaleB. incomplete specializationC. similar tastes in both nationsD. the existence of transportation costsInternational trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have ide ntical:A. factor endowmentsB. tastesC. technology*D. all of the above5. A great deal of international trade:A. is intra-industry tradeB. involves differentiated productsC. is based on monopolistic competition*D. all of the above6. The Heckscher-Ohlin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:A. among industrial countriesB. between developed and developing countriesC. in industrial goods*D. all of the aboveThe theory that a nation exports those products for which a large domestic market e xistswas advanced by:*A. LinderB. VernonC. LeontiefD. Ohlin8. Intra-industry trade takes place:A. because products are homogeneous*B. in order to take advantage of economies of scaleC. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organizationD. all of the aboveIf a nation exports twice as much of a differentiated product that it imports, its intra-industry (T) index is equal to:A. 1.00B. 0.75*C. 0.50D. 0.2510. Trade based on technological gaps is closely related to:A. the H-O theory*B. the product-cycle theoryC. Linder's theoryD. all of the above11. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theor y?A. It depends on differences in technological changes over time among countriesB. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countriesC. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to less advan ced countries*D. all of the above12. Transport costs:A. increase the price in the importing countryB. reduces the price in the exporting country*C. both of the aboveD. neither A nor B.13. Transport costs can be analyzed:A. with demand and supply curvesB. production frontiersC. offer curves*D. all of the above14. The share of transport costs will fall less heavily on the nation:*A. with the more elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityB. with the less elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityC. exporting agricultural productsD. with the largest domestic market15. A footloose industry is one in which the product:A. gains weight in processingB. loses weight in processingC. both of the above*D. neither A nor B.思考题：本章的贸易理论与基于比较优势的贸易理论有哪些不同？这两类贸易理论是互相排斥的吗？H-O理论与心贸易理论之间有什么经验关联？运输成本对H-O定理和H-O-S定理有何影响？不同的环保标准时如何影响产业选址及国际贸易的？2009年底联合国哥本哈根气候大会中的议题与国际贸易有何关系？这对我国经贸发展有何影响？Chapter 7: Economic Growth and International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above2. Doubling the amount of L and K under constant returns to scale:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityB. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityC. leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged*D. all of the above.3. Doubling only the amount of L available under constant returns to scale:A. less than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityC. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityD. leaves the output of the K-intensive commodity unchanged4. The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling L at constant relative commodity prices:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. reduces the output of the K-intensive commodityC. increases the output of both commoditiesD. any of the above5. Doubling L is likely to:A. increases the relative price of the L-intensive commodityB. reduces the relative price of the K-intensive commodity*C. reduces the relative price of the L-intensive commodityD. any of the aboveTechnical progress that increases the productivity of L proportionately more than the productivity of K is called:*A. capital savingB. labor savingC. neutralD. any of the above7. A 50 percent productivity increase in the production of commodity Y:A. increases the output of commodity Y by 50 percentB. does not affect the output of XC. shifts the production frontier in the Y direction only*D. any of the above8. Doubling L with trade in a small L-abundant nation:*A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of tradeD. all of the above9. Doubling L with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the aboveIf, at unchanged terms of trade, a nation wants to trade more after growth, then the nation's terms of trade can be expected to:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the aboveA proportionately greater increase in the nation's supply of labor than of capital is lik elyto result in a deterioration in the nation's terms of trade if the nation exports: A. the K-intensive commodity*B. the L-intensive commodityC. either commodityD. both commodities12. Technical progress in the nation's export commodity:*A. may reduce the nation's welfareB. will reduce the nation's welfareC. will increase the nation's welfareD. leaves the nation's welfare unchanged13. Doubling K with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. increases the nation's welfareB. improves the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the above14. An increase in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:A. reduces the volume of trade*B. increases the volume of tradeC. leaves the volume of trade unchangedD. any of the above15. An increase in tastes of the import commodity of Nation A and export in B:*A. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation AB. will increase the terms of trade of Nation AC. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation BD. any of the above思考题：要素积累和技术进步如何影响一国的生产可能性曲线的形状和位置？何种类型的经济增长最可恩能够导致国家福利的下降？那种类型的经济增长最可能导致国家福利的改善？Chapter 8: Trade Restrictions: TariffsMultiple-choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?A. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the traded com modityB. A specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodity.C. Export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution*D. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff2. A small nation is one:A. which does not affect world price by its tradingB. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityC. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount of t he tariff*D. all of the above3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:A. consumption of the commodity increasesB. production of the commodity decreasesC. imports of the commodity increase*D. none of the aboveThe increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured by the area:*A. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without th e tariffB. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tariffC. under the demand curve between the commodity price with and without the tariffD. none of the above.。
高二英语简单的国际经济历史单选题50题
高二英语简单的国际经济历史单选题50题1.The Silk Road was an important trade route in ancient times. Who opened up the Silk Road?A.Marco PoloB.Zheng HeC.Zhang QianD.Columbus答案解析：C。
Zhang Qian opened up the Silk Road. Marco Polo is known for his travels along the Silk Road but he didn't open it. Zheng He's voyages were in the Ming Dynasty and not related to opening the Silk Road. Columbus discovered America and had nothing to do with the Silk Road.2.In ancient international trade, which country was famous for its spices?A.EgyptB.IndiaC.GreeceD.Rome答案解析：B。
India was famous for its spices. Egypt was known for other things like pyramids and agriculture. Greece had philosophers and democracy but not famous for spices. Rome imported spices but wasn't the main producer.3.The ancient Phoenicians were known for their expertise in whatfield?A.ShipbuildingB.FarmingC.MiningD.Weaving答案解析：A。