第二组翻译作业
高考文言文翻译六字诀（公开课）教案
《高考文言文翻译六字诀》专题复习公开课教案教学目标:1、了解文言文翻译的考点要求。
2、掌握文言文翻译的方法。
3、让学生逐步体验成功的愉悦，以此激发学生学习文言文的热情。
教学重点：掌握文言文翻译的方法并能在具体语境中灵活运用。
教学难点：学生体验成功，激发学生对文言文的热情。
教学方法：讲练结合、讨论质疑教学课时：一课时教学步骤：一、导入：直译下列四个英文句子，把它们翻译成人名。
1.The King is always lucky! 王老吉（王老吉凉茶的创始人）2.The King keeps justice！王守义（十三香调料的创始人）3.The King leads to peace！王致和（臭豆腐发明人）4.The King is from the sky！王天来（小沈阳演的《乡村爱情》系列电视剧中的典型人物。
性格胆小懦弱、又娘娘腔。
这四人被称为新四大天王。
英文翻译以直译为主，高考文言文翻译同样也以直译为主，要求字字落实。
今天我们就一起探讨一下文言文翻译的明确要求和实用的技巧。
二、知识点梳理：（一）考纲解读:广东省《考试说明》规定理解并翻译文中的句子，所谓理解是指准确把握字句在文段中的正确意义。
翻译是指将文言句子译为规范的现代汉语语句：即符合主谓宾，定状补，谓前状谓后补的语法习惯的句子。
（二）高考文言翻译题命题特点：1、选择在文中起关键作用的句子，考生须通读全文才能理解该句意思。
2、选择含有关键词语（多义实词、词类活用、古今异义、通假字、偏义复词、常见虚词）、特殊句式（省略句、被动句、倒装句、判断句及固定句式）的句子，因为：这些句子与现代汉语有较大差别，是考题设置的关键得分点点拨：强化抓关键词句，洞悉得分点的意识！！（三）翻译的基本要求——“信”“达”“雅”。
“信”：忠实于原文意思，不遗漏，不错译也不能多余。
“达”：明白通顺，合乎现代汉语的表达习惯，没有语病。
“雅”：文句生动、有文采。
（四）翻译的原则——“直译为主，意译为辅”直译: “原文字字有落实，译文字字有根据”意译：在忠于原意的前提下，灵活翻译原文的词语，灵活处理原文的句子结构。
新编大学英语第三版综合教程2部分课文翻译
第一单元善良之心，久久相依奥古斯塔斯 J 布洛克当时我没有意识到，是爸爸帮我保持平衡1随着我渐渐长大，当别人看见我和爸爸在一起，我会觉得很尴尬。
他身材矮小，走起路来跛得很厉害。
我们一起走时，他要把手搭在我的肩上才能保持平衡，人们就会盯着我们看。
对这种不必要的注意我觉得非常难堪。
他也许曾注意到，或着觉得烦恼，但他从来没有流露出来。
2 要协调我们的步伐并不容易，他(的步子)一瘸一拐的，我(走起来)则缺乏耐心。
因此，我们走路的时候并不怎么说话。
但出发时，他总是说：“你定步伐，我会尽量跟上。
”3 我们通常在家和地铁之间来往，这是他上班的必由之路。
不论生病还是碰到恶劣的天气他都去上班，几乎没有旷过一天工。
即使别人无法上班，他也要去办公室。
对他来说这是一种自豪。
4 当地上有冰或雪的时候，即使有人帮忙他也无法走路。
这时，我或者我的姐妹就用孩子玩的雪撬拉着他，穿过纽约布鲁克林的街道，直到地铁的入口处。
一到那儿，他就能紧紧抓住扶手一直走下去, 地铁道里比较暖和，下面的楼梯不结冰。
曼哈顿的地铁站正好是他办公楼的地下室，因此除了从布鲁克林我们去接他的地方到回家为止，他都不用再出去。
5 一个成年男子要有多少勇气才能承受这种屈辱和压力，我现在想来惊讶不已。
他从没有痛苦或抱怨，他是怎么做到这一步的我感到不可思议。
6 他从不把自己当作同情的对象，也从不对更幸运的或更能干的人表示任何嫉妒。
他在别人身上所寻找的是一颗“善心”。
如果他找到了一颗善心，那么有这么颗心的人对他来说就是一位大好人了。
7 由于年龄的增长，我相信那是一种用来判断人的恰当的标准，尽管我还不能精确地知道什么是一颗“善心”。
但是，当我自己没有的时候，我是知道的。
8 尽管很多活动我爸爸不能参加，但他还是尽量用某种方式参与。
当本地的一支棒球队发现缺经理的时候，他使它维持下去。
他是一个很懂行的棒球迷，经常带我去埃贝茨球场看布鲁克林的道奇队打球。
他喜欢参加舞会和聚会，就是坐在一旁观看，也很开心。
第二组(归化和异化对比)
甲：异化法有文化冲击的效果，起到了文化交流的作用
乙：归化法会让我们得到美的体验，起到欣赏的作用 《中国日报》版《甄嬛传》诗词及经典台词英语翻译 1. 愿逆风如解意，容易莫摧残。（甄嬛） 周黎明：May the gale that rushes into the blossom Caress her and ne’er let her be broken Pauline D Loh: May brutal breezes battering the blossom Cherish her fragility and treasure her, unbroken 2. 宁可枝头抱香死，不曾吹落北风中。（沈眉庄） 周黎明：’Tis better to die with fragrance on a twig Than be blown into a gust like a fig Pauline D Loh: Rather to die fragrant on the branch Than to be beaten down by north wind gusts
乙方:归化的翻译以原语与译入语的有效交际和沟通为目标， 充分考虑到了译入语读者的接受心理和审美感受，用地道 的本族语表达方式来传递原语文本的信息，避免给读者的 阅读造成障碍。 如下面的例子： Each of us has his carrot And stick.In my case,the stick is my slackening physical condition ,which keeps me from beating opponents at teenis whom I overwhelmed two years ago.My carrot is to win. 文中的carrot and stick如果翻译成胡萝卜和大棒简直不知所 云，而通读全文再借助字典使用归化法就可以让读者明白 这是指压力和动力，实现了交流的目的。
Unit-4-Psychology-in-Our-Daily-Life新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译
Unit 4 Psychology in Our Daily LifeIs There a Doctor in the Body?1 When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription. It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.2 A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or an empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?3 The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The "doctor" will heal the body for us if we let it.4 But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.5 Other people say this is not so. They say that the placebo makes the wish to get better become reality. The placebo will not work if the patient knows it is a placebo. This shows that the body is not fooled by it. It seems that if patients think they have been given medicine, they will have hope. They feel that they are getting some help. This gives them a stronger will to get better, and that is what helps to heal them.6 Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.7 An example of the doctor's role in making the placebo work can be seen in this study. Some patients with bleeding ulcers were put in two groups. The first group were told by a doctor that they had been given a new drug which, it was hoped, would give them some relief. The second group were told by a nurse that they had been given a newdrug but that not much was known about how it would work. As a result, 70 percent of the people in the first group got much better. Only 25 percent of the people in the second group got better. And both groups had in fact been given the same thing a placebo.8 The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases. It helps such things as seasickness, coughs, colds, and even pain after an operation. And there was an experiment done to see if a placebo could help old people stay healthy and live longer.9 The test was done in Romania with 150 people over the age of 60. They were put in three groups with 50 people in each group. The first group were given nothing at all. The second group were given a placebo. The third group were given a real drug and told that it would help with the problems of old age. (In fact, it was not a drug for old age at all.) The three groups were studied for many years. The first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been. The second group (with the placebo) had much better health and a lower death rate. The third group (with the real drug) showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo.10 A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it.11 And yet, the use of the placebo has been well known for hundreds of years in other countries. Tribal doctors in some African countries have known for a long time that patients will get better if they think they are going to. Many of the "treatments" they use do not seem able to make a sick person better, and yet such treatments work.12 The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo.人体内有医生吗？1 当你去看病时，你总希望走时能拿到一张药方。
2023年高考语文总复习第二部分古代诗文阅读任务群四文言文阅读任务突破练23理解并翻译文中的句子
任务突破练二十三理解并翻译文中的句子第一组考点强化对点练1.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(10分)(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)逖练兵积谷,为取河北之计。
后赵王勒患之,乃下幽州为逖修祖、父墓,置守冢二家,因与逖书,求通使及互市。
逖不报书,而听其互市,收利十倍。
禁诸将不使侵暴后赵之民。
边境之间,稍得休息。
四年秋七月,以尚书仆射戴渊为征西将军,镇合肥,逖以已翦荆棘收河南地,而渊一旦来统之,意甚怏怏。
又闻王敦与刘、刁构隙,将有内难。
知大功不遂,感激发病。
九月,卒于雍丘。
(节选自《通鉴纪事本末·祖逖北伐》) (1)逖不报书,而听其互市,收利十倍。
(5分)(2)知大功不遂,感激发病。
(5分)2.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(10分)(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)海瑞,字汝贤,琼山人。
帝屡欲召用瑞,执政阴沮之,乃以为南京右都御史。
诸司素偷惰,瑞以身矫之。
有御史偶陈戏乐,欲遵太祖法予之杖。
百司惴恐,多患苦之……十五年,卒官。
瑞无子。
卒时,佥都御史王用汲入视,葛帏敝籝,有寒士所不堪者。
因泣下,醵金为敛。
小民罢市。
丧出江上,白衣冠送者夹岸,酹而哭者百里不绝。
(节选自《明史·海瑞传》) (1)诸司素偷惰,瑞以身矫之。
有御史偶陈戏乐,欲遵太祖法予之杖。
(5分)(2)小民罢市。
丧出江上,白衣冠送者夹岸,酹而哭者百里不绝。
(5分)3.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(10分)弘玄先生老而贫,日以著述为事;出无舆从,一童子挟书自随,步履如飞。
间以所序生平示予者如此,可以知其志之所存矣。
先生以国子上舍生,倅霍邑、夷陵。
今世为官,耻不出进士,不肯为尽力。
人亦以非进士待之,虽有志,终不获见。
故予复述先生为两州之迹,其志有足悲者。
使为进士,岂非世之所称才贤者哉?(选自归有光《震川先生集》,有删改) (1)间以所序生平示予者如此,可以知其志之所存矣。
(5分)(2)人亦以非进士待之,虽有志,终不获见。
第二组 正反译法
5. Don’t lose time in posting this letter. 赶快把这封信寄出去。 6. The significance of these incidents was not lost on us. 这件事引起了我们的重视。
Negative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese 英译汉反转正
1. The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer. 调查结果清楚的说明病人死于癌症。
2. It is the only possession that I have not given up. 这是我所保留的唯一财产。
(2) 我们完全不知道他的计划。 We are in complete ignorance of his plan. (3) 他未能履行诺言，我们大家都很失望。 His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed everyone of us.
What is Affirmation? What is Negation?
英语中带no, not, none, nothing, nowhere, nobody,never, neither, nor等否定词，或non-, un-, im-, in-, ir-, dis-, non-, -less等否定词缀的词句， 汉语中 含有“不”、“没有”、“无”、“非”、“未”、“否”、 “休”、“勿”、“别”、“莫”、“毋”等成分的词句， 都称为反说或者称为否定。相反，英汉语中不含这些成分 的词句称为正说，即肯定。
汉译英资料
第九次作业一，翻译下面的句子如果你留下来，我也留下来If you stay here, so do I.小马也就十二三岁，脸还很瘦Xiaoma is about 12 or 13 years, and his face is still thin very much.她怎么好好的就自杀了？这也奇怪Why does she commit suicide? This is really surprising.他对事情的进展情况也还满意He is satisfied with the process of the affairs.你要订哪种杂志Which kind of magazines do you want to subscribe?这本书我们没有货，但是可以帮你订We don’t have the stock of this kind of book, but we can help you to order it.你能帮我把这份文件的讲义订起来吗？Can you help me to bind the lecture notes together?那件大衣的面子很漂亮。
The outside of that coat is very beautiful.如果怕丢了面子，就说不好英语You can not speak fluent English if you are worry about losingthe face.我是个爱面子的人，这种事我可做不出I am concerned about face-saving, so I can not do this thing.不是我不买你面子，实在是这事不好办It is not that I don’t care about your face, because this thing is really difficult.二，请选择最适合的表达来翻译各句中的“心”[Heart mind brain intention wish popularity feeling](必要时可更改单复数形式)1，心有余而力不足One’s ability falls short one’s wishes.2,您的建议我会永远铭记在心I will always bear your advice in mind _.3，如果你忘了她生日她会很伤心You’ll hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday.4,居心叵测To nurse evil intentions _.5,得人心者得天下Those who gain popularity among the people will gain the power.6,劳心者治人，劳力者治于人Those who work with brains rule and those who work withtheir brawn are ruled.7,哀莫大于心死The greatest despair comes from a devastated heart.三，从贴切表达词语蕴涵意义的角度比较一下几组译文1，这是民国六年的冬天，大风刮的正猛，我因为生计关系，不得不一早在路上走A.It’s the winter of 1917.The wind was blowing hard, but I had to walk in the street to make a living.B.It happened during the winter of 1917.A bitter north wind was blowing but, to make a living, I had to be up and out early.2,世事洞明皆学问，人情练达即文章A.The world’s affairs, well understood, are all scholarship. Human relationships, maturely experienced, are already literature.B.True learning implies a clear insight into human activities. Genuine culture involves the skillful manipulation of human relationship.3.这尊塑像站了几百年，他觉得这是一种苦役。
镜与灯翻译
北京交通大学题目：《镜与灯》翻译作业第一组《翻译问题探讨》读书报告学院：专业：班级：学号：姓名：指导教师：翻译大作业第一组近几十年，现代批评主义发展趋势的一个显著特点是，在解决和回答美学问题时，主要考虑的是艺术与艺术家之间的关系，而不是考虑和外部世界、受众以及作品的内在要求的关系。
现今仍有很大一部分人甚至是大多数都倾向于这种观点。
在具有两千五百年的历史的西方艺术理论面前，现在的艺术理论是如此年轻，因为它作为一门全面阐释艺术的理论，从产生到被大多数批评家所接受还不到一百五十年。
这本书就是要把其革命性的胜利载入史册，讲述其理论的不同形态，记录其在美学思想上对于艺术家彻底性的改变，而且还要对比描述一直存在的两种理论。
特别之处，我还要阐述这些新型的批判理论对于意义、分析、评估诗歌创作产生的影响，美学领域为历史学家呈现了一个异常难以回答的难题，进来许多艺术理论家已经轻率的下了很多结论，而这些结论在他们的前辈那里同样是摇摆不定、混乱不堪，并且充满了幻想。
这些理论以艺术哲学的名义所取得的成果，在桑塔亚娜看来是完全的冗词滥调。
而在美学领域著有两本优秀著作的 D.W.普拉尔认为，传统的美学实际上只是伪科学、伪哲学而已。
“其主题像梦一样飘忽不定，具有欺骗性。
其方法不仅缺少逻辑性和科学性，而且缺少以客观事实为依据的认真观察。
此种方法没有经历实践的检验，没有一个传统意义上的期限，使之成为广为接受，令人满意的权威结论。
它不仅对于具有创造性的艺术家来说是无用的，而且对于批评理论业余爱好者来说也无任何帮助。
在I.A.理查德的著作《文学批评原则》中，第一章的标题就为“混乱的批评理论”，并且通过引用证明了那些“批评理论顶峰”之说的荒谬性，进而阐明了从亚里士多德至今的理论，只不过是以不同的角度对艺术进行孤立激进的描述而已。
理查德以极其乐观的精神，试图在心理学领域，探寻一种以文学评价为背景的新方法。
事实上，从美学理论的进程中我们可以看到，在人类交流过程中不可或缺的修辞学起着至关重要的作用。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1.The West Lake , like a bright mirror , is a majestic scene with green mountains and deep caves. (The clear water , green mountains and deep caves in West Lake make it a majestic scene.) Su and Bai causeways look like colorful ribbons floating on the lake .Three Pods Mirroring the Moon,Mid-Lake Pavilion and Ruangong Isle stand in the lake .
2.The sixth lunar month is a time for the temple fair of Huanglong . When the time comes , people , whether far or near even including the Tibetans , the Qiangs , the Huis , the Hans from Qinghai and Gansu come here to join it . At that time , people set up tents and celebrate it with singing and dancing .
3.When the night falls,firework cracks in the sky over Leshan and shine brightly with colored lanterns . On the river , countless colorful neon lights and daylight lamps on each boat give away bright lights , which confused with their reflection in the river .
Beidaihe Beach
Beidaihe Beach , 15 kilometers southwest of Qinhuangdao , is a famous summer resort in China.
Facing Bohai Sea in the south and leaning against Lianfeng Mountain in the north , Beidaihe is a natural bathing beach with a long ,irregular coastline , gentle beach surface , soft sand , peaceful tide and clear sea water . Thanks to the sea and land breeze , there is neither bitter hot summer nor bitter cole winter . In midsummer , the daily average temperate is only 23℃. In the day , the wind blow from sea surface , making the air cool and refreshing , while in the night , the land wind becomes stronger little by little , making people pleasantly cool. There is no doubt that Beidaihe is a wonderful summer resort for home and foreign people .
The beautiful scenery of Beidaihe beach is charming , too .The East an West Lianfeng Mountain is attractive with continuos hills , lush trees , peculiar stones and magnificent mountains . Before the mountains lies the endless sea . The sea is laying as far as eye can see . Villas and buildings hide themselves in the trees. In East Lianfeng mountain , there is a scenic spot called “Lotus Stone” which seems like a lotus
when seen far away . There are two stones steeply standing on the west Lianfeng Mountain which seems like two whispering people , so they are called “Whispering Stone ”.。