限定词、介词
高中英语语法填空教案Ⅰ——无提示词

高中英语语法填空解题思路——无提示词➢概要英语语法填空若无提示词,则有可能填代词、限定词、介词、连词或助动词。
下面对各个情况逐一进行讲解:一、填代词我们来看下面第一个句子:1.Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds.本句中谓语动词let是及物动词,其后缺宾语,所以填代词;代词指代前文的leg,所以填it。
第二个句子:2.Now she works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop, ___________ she opened with her late husband.本句中shop后是一个非限制性定语从句,分析定语从句,由于谓语动词open为及物动词,后缺宾语,所以用关系代词引导定语从句;先行词是shop,所以此处用which 引导非限制性定语从句。
第三个句子:3.This is ___________ I want to know.小结一:句子中缺主语、宾语或表语,一般填代词(其中包括人称代词、关系代词、连接代词等)。
二、填限定词来看第一个句子:1.Peter Fox who is ____________ electrical engineer, spend two and a half year working on the project.这个句子中,electrical engineer前没有限定词,所以根据句意应该填不定冠词an,意为“一个电力工程师”。
第二个句子:2.The little boy pulled ____________ right hand out of the pocket.这个句子中,right hand前面缺限定词,所以根据句意应该填his,意为“他的右手”。
第三个句子:3.Would you like ____________ chocolate cake?这个句子中,chocolate cake前面缺限定词,根据疑问句语法知识,为了得到被问者肯定的回答,要用不定代词some。
英语名词短语结构

英语名词短语结构名词短语的结构是限定词+修饰语+名词+修饰语:介词短语,分词,形容词短语,不定式,定语从句,同位语从句等等,名词短语以限定词开头,后面用修饰语来修饰名词,最后再加修饰语,最后的修饰语可以用介词短语,分词,形容词端与,不定式,定语从句,同位语从句等等均可。
名词短语是由名词与它的修饰语一起构成的。
名词的修饰语与名词的位置关系有两种:一是放在被修饰名词的前面,称之为前置定语或定语;二是放在被修饰名词的后面,称之为后置定语。
名词前面有两种修饰语:一是限定词,用来限定名词所指的范围,对名词起泛指或特指、定量或不定量等的限定修饰作用。
比如: these、three、a、the、my、that等;二是形容词,用来表示名词的性质和特征的。
比如: red、close、new、best、small等。
常见的是后置修饰语,名词可以带的后置修饰语的种类很多,包括定语从句、同位语从句、分词短语、不定式、介词短语、副词短语等。
在英语里,修饰名词的定语,其语序的位置是极有规律的:限定词+形容词+中心名词(headword) +六类右置定语(介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、形容词短语、定语从句、同位语从句)名词的定语放在名词的前面或左边,叫前置定语或左置定语或定语;放在名词后面的定语,叫后置定语或右置定语。
左置的定语只有两个:限定词和形容词。
右置的定语有6种:介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、形容词短语、定语从句、同位语从句。
称之为英语定语“左二右六”。
左置的两个定语的位置关系非常明确和严格:必须是限定词在形容词的左边,结构是:限定词+形容词+名词在语言学上,汉语被称作是“中心词在后”的语言(head-last language),英语被称作是“中心词在前”的语言(head-first language)。
总体来说,英语和汉语的语序差不多是刚好反过来的。
定语 状语表示符号

定语状语表示符号定语和状语是语法中常用的修饰成分,可以用来进一步描述名词或者动词的性质、状态、方式、时间、地点等方面的细节信息。
它们在句子中起到了扩展句子成分的作用,使得语言表达更加精确、准确。
在本文中,我们将探讨定语和状语的表示符号,以及它们在句子中的具体应用。
一、定语的表示符号定语是修饰名词的成分,用来限定名词的性质、特征、状态等。
在句子中,常见的定语表示符号有以下几种:1. 形容词:形容词可以直接修饰名词,用来描述名词的性质、特点。
例如:红色的花、漂亮的女孩。
2. 限定词:限定词也可以作为定语,它们放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的范围或者数量。
例如:这些书、每个学生。
3. 介词短语:介词短语可以作为定语,放在名词的后面,表示名词的位置、方向、关系等。
例如:在桌子上的书、和我一起学习的同学。
4. 关系代词从句:关系代词从句也可以作为定语,放在名词的后面,用来修饰名词并引导定语从句。
例如:我认识的那个人、我们去过的城市。
二、状语的表示符号状语是修饰动词、形容词或者副词的成分,用来描述动作的方式、程度、时间、地点等。
在句子中,常见的状语表示符号有以下几种:1. 副词:副词可以直接修饰动词、形容词或者副词,用来表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
例如:慢慢地走、非常漂亮、很快地跑。
2. 介词短语:介词短语可以作为状语,放在动词、形容词或者副词的后面,表示句子的位置、方式、关系等。
例如:在学校里学习、通过努力取得成功。
3. 时间状语从句:时间状语从句也可以作为状语,放在句子中表示时间的位置,用来修饰整个句子。
例如:我等到了他来、当他回来的时候。
4. 否定词:否定词可以作为状语,用来表示否定的程度或者方式。
例如:根本不知道、一点也不累。
总结:定语和状语是语法中重要的修饰成分,它们分别用来修饰名词和动词、形容词、副词,起到了进一步说明、限定、描述的作用。
在句子中,定语和状语可以使用形容词、副词、限定词、介词短语、关系代词从句、时间状语从句等表示符号来具体表达。
2014-2015年语法填空专题复习一(限定词、代词、介词、连接词)

herself itself yourselves ourselves himself themselves
3. 名词性物主代词:(至今未考)相当于“形容词性物 主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语。如: The young man said to me, “ I looked into their eyes, I yours found they don’t care, but when I looked into ________, I saw kindness. ”
1.but
III. 真题再现 9. until
2.why
3.where 4.nor 5.who 6.If 7.which 8.what
10. whom
11. who 12. when 13. where 14. but 15. who 16. where
总 结: 这8年中,连接词几乎每年考查2至3题。 请思考: 1.并列连词和从属连词,哪个考个多? 从属连词
[课中重难点突破] I. 广东各类模拟考单句回炉练习。
1.their 2.a 3.a 4.an 5.an 6.an 7.the 8.their
II.在下面语篇的空格处填入适当的限定词
1.a 2.the 3.the 4.the 5.the 6.its 7.Some 8.a 9.the 10.other
III. 语法填空
1.it 2.However 3.called 4.popularity 5.a 6.with 7.have been built 8.where 9.which 10.they
三、介词
介词考点归纳 1. 根据空格所在句子的意思,选取合适的介词。 如: 1) (2009年广州一模) They boy finished by saying, “ _______ Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is truly rich. ” for hours, and with 2) (2012年广州一模) The rabbit dug _______ every new hole the dog complained even more about how difficult this was. 2. 固定搭配。如: 1)(2014年广州一模)It was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest on the students. impression __________ 2) (2014广州调研) In 1973 he started composing poetry __________ in a traditional style.
第四讲 介词、数词、限定词.学生版)doc

第四讲代词、数词、限定词、介词考点解析一、常考介词短语at the risk of; at the cost of; at the sight of;beyond control/reach; by accident; by mistake; by means of; by no means; by all means; by heart/learn…by heart; by the way;for good; for the sake of; for fear of; for short; for the benefit of; in the course of; in addition to; in any case; in case of; in honor of; in terms of; in brief; in charge of;in contrast to/with; in detail; in vain; in effect; in/out of danger/fashion/practice/shape/question/(no problem)/the question/on account of; on end; on duty; on the contrary; on the base of; on behalf of; on purpose; on schedule; on a large/small scale; on the verge of; on the edge of;to some/a great/ certain extent;to the point; to one’s joy/astonishment;under control/discussion/consideration/circumstances; other than/apart from; rather than真题聚焦1. What he said is worthy ____ note.(2002)A. inB. ofC. toD. on2. Mr. Smith is too busy to spare any time, ____ Sunday afternoon.A. only inB. except forC. unless onD. except on3. ____ the fact that I don’t like my job, I must work very hard.A. In spite ofB. Instead ofC. As toD. In case of4. He stays _____ till eleven o’clock every morning.A. in bedB. in a bedC. in the bedD. on the bed5. The exam will be on the first half of the book. That means we’ll have to finish ____.A. fifteenth chapterB. fifteen chapterC. chapter fifteenD. chapter fifteenth6. I didn’t go to his party last night, because ____, I changed my mind.A. on a second thoughtB. by second thoughtsC. on second thoughtsD. on the second thought7.Jack can never find his textbook, his tape, ____.A. calculator and homeworkB. his calculator and homeworkC. calculator and his homeworkD. his calculator and his homework8.Michael is home after a year in German. He looks just ____ before.A. same likeB. as same asC. the sameD. the same as9.The pen I am writing my letter with is different from ____.(2003)A. that oneB. oneC. the oneD. the ones10. I tried to catch the ball but it was ____ my reach.A. beyondB. besidesC. in addition toD. as well as11. ____ new products have been successfully trial-produced.A. A great ofB. A large amount ofC. A plenty ofD. A large number of12. You must pack plenty of food for the journey, ____, you’ll need warm clothes, so pack them too.A. on the wholeB. otherwiseC. howeverD. likewise13. I couldn’t find ____, and so I took this one.A. a large coat enoughB. a large enough coatC. an enough large coatD. a coat enough large14. ____ a young woman, the office was empty.(2004)A. But forB. Except forC. BesidesD. Except15. He was caught in the rain yesterday; ____, he fell ill this morning.A. on the contraryB. in contrastC. in other wordsD. as a result16.It is very convention for me to go to work every day because the bus runs ____.(2005)A. every-ten-minuteB. every tenth minuteC. every tenth minutesD. every ten minute17. His son is quite well now, ____ a slight fever.A. exceptB. besidesC. in addition toD. except for18. What you are saying had nothing to do with the question ____ discussion.A. atB. onC. inD. under19. The classroom is quite clean ___ some waste paper on the floor.A. except forB.exceptC. besidesD. without20. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people ___ harm them. (anhui 05)A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. better than21. ____ of danger, he jumped into the river all at once.A. BecauseB. In termsC. InsteadD. Regardless22. All parts of the house ___ the windows were in good condition. (shanxi 05)A. other thanB. rather thanC. no more thanD. better than23. The big room was almost empty ___ a table or two.A. besidesB. exceptC. in addition toD. except for24. Much ____ my regret, I am unable to accept your kind invitation.(2007)A. toB. atC. withD. by25. It ought to be you ____ me that signs the letter.A. butB. in spite ofC. ratherD. rather than26. I have been to the West Lake three times ____ 1970.A. sinceB. untilC. fromD. after27. When drinking from a well, one mustn’t forget who dug it. (2008)A. thisB. theseC. thatD. those28. It was almost dark in the street a few very powerful spotlights.A. excludingB. except forC. exceptD. but for29. Mary and Jane are twin sisters. They look exactly .A. likeB. sameC. alikeD. same ones30. I hope to meet you again next year.A. sometimesB. timesC. sometimeD. some time31.Whether you learn or not is entirely _____ you. (2009)A. up toB. as toC. about toD. due to32. We object ____ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.A. againstB. aboutC. toD. for33. Finally he got time for a glance ____ this report. (2010)A. offB. roundC. onD. at34. Would you spare some time to have a chat with me ____ a cup of coffee?A. forB. WithC. duringD. over35. Having a good command of English is ____ an easy thing.A. by all meansB. by any meansC. by every meansD. by no means36. It is useful to be able to predict the extent _____ which a price change will influence supply and demand.A. fromB. WithC. toD. for37. He will pass two milestones _____, that is, he will receive his master degree and find a challenging jobs.(2011)A. long agoB. not long agoC. before longD. long before38. I don’t think it will rain, but I’ll take an umbrella ____ it does.A. as ifB. in caseC. as thoughD. even if39. The manner _____ which he talked reminded us _____his grandfather. (2012)A. on; towardsB. at; inC. for; byD. in; of40. This treatment works for people of all ages, for the baby ____ for the old man.A. as far asB. as much asC. as long asD. as well as41.The last time I saw her was ____ my brother’s wedding ceremony three years ago.(2014) 41-51A.toB.atC.inD.during42.I have two children but _____ of them likes fruits.A.noneB.eitherC.neitherD.both43.He might have been killed _____ the arrival of the police.A.except forB.withC.forD.but for44.Some areas, _____ their severe weather conditions, are sparely(节俭的;稀少的)populated.A.due toB.but forC.in spite ofD.with regard to45.Many teenagers feel no difficulty _____ computor.A.to learnB.learnC.in learningD.learned46.Henry planned to visit _____ country besides England.A.some otherB.every otherC.several othersD.other47.Students should develop a good attitude _____ tests.A.forB.withC.onD.towards48.No one should blind himself ____ the well-known fact.A.withB.toC.forD.over49.In my bedroom, there is a pair of scissors, a stack of books and ____ flowers on my desk.A.a piece ofB.a pocket ofC.a slice ofD.a bunch of50.____ my delight, our school football team won the game easily.A.InB.OfC.ToD.For51._____ driving to work, Mr. Lead usually goes to his office downtown by train.A.WithoutB. Instead ofC. In case ofD. In spite of1-5BBAAC 6-10CBDAA 11-15DDBBD 16-20BDDAA21-25DADAD 26-30ADBCD 31-35ACDDD 36-40CCBDD41-45BCDAC 46-51ADBDCB专业英语介词、代词真题1. The criminal always paid ____ cash so the police could not track him down. (2002)A. byB. forC. ofD. in2. They have been trying to arrive at a practical solution ____ the problem.A. toB. inC. withD. at3. He is ____ of a musician.(2003)A. anybodyB. anyoneC. somebodyD. something4. ____ he knew little about the work.A. In the beginningB. At the beginningC. At lastD. In the end5. John can’t express his idea ____.A. in a wordB. in wordsC. in wordD. by word6. ____ is a well educated man.A. This Bob’s new friendB. That’s Bob’s new friendC. This new friend of BobD. This new friend of Bob’s● this/that /these/those+of…Look at those dirty hands of yours.I really appreciate th is ideas of Henry’s.That lovely cat of yoursThese questions of yours.7. ____ can we yield to the pressure.(2004)A. By and largeB. By means ofC. In returnD. By no means8. _____ your poor record in school, we think that you should study harder.A. In view ofB. In spite ofC. In charge ofD. In case of9. ____ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal. (2005)A. In earlyB. As earlyC. EarlyD. It was early10. It is reported that ____ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A. the mostB. most ofC. mostD. the most of11. In recent years much more emphasis has been put ____ developing the students productive skills.A. ontoB. overC. inD. on12. As far as he’s concerned, one piece of music is very much like ____.(2006)A. anotherB. one anotherC. otherD. the other13. The supervisor didn’t have time so far to go into it ____, but he gave us an idea about his plan.A. handB. in turnC. at lengthD. in conclusion14. The woman over there is ____ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and Mary’sC. Julia’s and Mary’sD. Julia’s and MaryAnn and Jane’s bedroomAnn’s and Jane’s bedrooms15. Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expenses of the trip.A. forB. inC. toD. about16. The new evidence threw some light ____ the case.A. inB. toC. atD. on17. _____ gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems.A. Not onlyB. UnlessC. ExceptD. Besides18. He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit ____ reach.A. withinB. beyondC. offD. inside19. ___ the advance of sciences, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. (2007)A. As forB. DespiteC. BesidesD. Except20. ____ lessons were not difficult.A. Our few first short EnglishB. Our few first English shortC. Few our first English shortD. Our first few short English21. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation especially ___ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such22. Theoretically speaking, the ratio of the work done by the machine ___ the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.A. andB. toC. ofD. against23. Children are very curious ____.A. at heartB. in personC. by natureD. on purpose24.___ your family, don't take so many risks.A. On behalfB. In honor ofC. For the sake ofD. In favor of25. This is ___ the first time you have been late.A. under no circumstancesB. on no accountC. for no reasonD. by no means26. The boy who is talking with your teacher is ___ an athlete.A. anything but(根本不;决不)B. none but(只有)C. all but(几乎)D. something but27. Summer rains came almost _____ as the crops needed them. (2008)A. as a resultB. in a hurryC. on scheduleD. forever28. ———should any money be given to a small child.A. On no accountB. Of no accountC. From all accountsD. By all accounts29. ____ of them knows about the plan because it was secret.(2009)A. SomeB. No oneC. AnyD. None30. You can’t see the president ______ you’ve made an appointment with him.A. ifB. unlessC. whenD. except31. Teachers have no right to force their own opinions ____ the students.A. uponB. atC. inD. to32. Do you know what she is majoring _____ at college now?A. onB. atC. withD. in33. _____ forecast the weather it will rain heavily late this morning.A. On account ofB. Because ofC. According toD. Due to34. When we have difficulty ______ obtaining desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience negative emotions such as grief and anger.A. atB. inC. onD. with35. Some students are quick _____ figures. (2010)A. toB. forC. inD. at36. _____ of gift-giving, barter, buying, and selling goes on among the Navajos.A. A great dealB. A great manyC. Much greaterD. Many37. He looked quite healthy though he was _____.A. in seventyB. in his seventyC. at seventiesD. at the age of seventy38. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _____ children as Coca-cola.A. forB. inC. toD. with39. He was asked _____ time to hand in his dictation.A. the secondB. a firstC. the firstD. a second40. What he said just now had little to do with the question _____ discussion.A. onB. inC. underD. at41. “Does he speak English or Russian?”“He doesn’t speak _____.”(2011)A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. none42. My sister is going to visit Xi’an with _____ friends. (2013)A. other her two littleB. her other little twoC. her two other littleD. her two little other43. The little girl was left alone, with _____ to look after her.A. anyoneB. someoneC. not oneD. no one44. Her answer is not acceptable, and _____.A. neither am IB. mine is neitherC. either is mineD. neither is mine45.He is now confined _____ the hospital by illness. (2014)A.inB. toC. withD. at46.While Tony was talking in the street, he came _____ an old classmate of his.A.intoB. acrossC. ontoD. up with47.His salary as a bus driver is much higher than _____.A.that of a teacherB. those of a teacherC. these of a teacherD. this of a teacherKeys:1-5AADAC 6-10DDABB 11-15DACBC 16-20DDABD21-25ABCCD 26-30BCADB 31-35ADCBD 36-40 ADDDC41-47ACDDBBA三、模拟训练1. The criminal always paid ____ cash so the police could not track him down.A. byB. forC. ofD. in2. They have been trying to arrive at a practical solution ____ the problem.A. toB. inC. withD. at3. He is ____ of a musician.A. anybodyB. anyoneC. somebodyD. something4. ____ he knew little about the work.A. In the beginningB. At the beginningC. At lastD. In the end5. John can’t express his idea ____.A. in a wordB. in wordsC. in wordD. by word6. ____ is a well educated man.A. This Bob’s new friendB. That’s Bob’s new friendC. This new friend of BobD. This new friend of Bob’s7. ____ can we yield to the pressure.A. By and largeB. By means ofC. In returnD. By no means8. ____ your poor record in school, we think that you should study harder.A. In view ofB. In spite ofC. In charge ofD. In case of9. ____ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal.A. In earlyB. As earlyC. EarlyD. It was early10. It is reported that ____ adopted children want to know who their natural parentsare.A. the mostB. most ofC. mostD. the most of11. In recent years much more emphasis has been put ____ developing the studentsproductive skills.A. ontoB. overC. inD. on12. As far as he’s concerned, one piece of music is very much like ____.A. anotherB. one anotherC. otherD. the other13. The supervisor didn’t have time so far to go into it ____, but he gave us an ideaabout his plan.A. handB. in turnC. at lengthD. in conclusion14. The woman over there is ____ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and Mary’sC. Julia’s and Mary’sD. Julia’s and Mary15. Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expensesof the trip.A. forB. inC. toD. about16. The new evidence threw some light ____ the case.A. inB. toC. atD. on17. ____ gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicatedproblems.A. Not onlyB. UnlessC. ExceptD. Besides18. He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit ____ reach.A. withinB. beyondC. offD. inside19. ____ the advance of sciences, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always bewith us.A. As forB. DespiteC. BesidesD. Except20. ____ lessons were not difficult.A. Our few first short EnglishB. Our few first English shortC. Few our first English shortD. Our first few short EnglishKeys: 1—5AADAC 6—10DDABB 11—15DACBC 16—20DDABD。
限定词的具体分类和用法详解

限定词的具体分类和用法详解限定词一般指修饰名词,具有限定和限制specifying 的作用,精确指定某物的范围,或与句子的其他成分的关系,从而对话语的完整性、准确性有重要影响。
可分为定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词等。
一、定冠词定冠词又称固定冠词,一般用来限定某一具体的人或事,或特指某一个人、某一件事,这类冠词一般有the、this、that、these、those 等。
1.the 的功能非常多,有时用作介词,表示“把……放到……的(上、里、中)”,如:We put the bottle on the table. 我们把瓶子放到桌上。
其用作冠词做定语常见的情况有:(1) 下列情况下,一般不可用形容词性定语:代名词、指示代词、物主代词等可以被the 所修饰。
He opened the door and went in. 他打开了那扇门走了进去。
This is the room where the accident happened. 这是发生事故的房间。
(2) 当某事物只有一个,或某个范畴只有一个代表性的人或物时,可以用the 来作定语。
2.this、that、these、those,作定语有下列用法:(1)this、that 指示距离说话者近远的事物,this 表示“这”,that 表示“那”,如:I bought this coat a month ago. 我一个月前买的这件外衣。
That car needs a new engine. 那辆车需要换个新发动机。
These flowers are very beautiful. 这些花很漂亮。
Those books are in the classroom. 那些书放在教室里。
不定冠词又称不限定冠词,一般用来限定所指范围被看做未定的人或物,或限定所指多种可能。
不定冠词一般有a、an 和some 等,是定冠词的反义词。
1.a 和an 的用法如下:(1)a 用于以元音音素(a、e、i、o、u) 开头的单数可数名词前,而an 则用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前。
限定词、介词

限定词、介词Classes of Determiners(限定词)1.Articles: Definite, Indefinite and Zero rticles (冠词:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词)2.Quantifiers (数量词)3.Other Determiners (其他限定词)⼀.Articles: Definite, Indefinite and Zero rticles (冠词:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词)1. 不定冠词主要表⽰泛指和与one 同源,含"⼀"的意思。
a ⽤在以辅⾳⾳素开头的名词前,an ⽤在以元⾳⾳素开头的名词前,如:a university a man a bookan umbrella an egg an honest child2. 定冠词the 主要表⽰特指的⼈或物及第⼆次提到的⼈或物,或世界上独⼀⽆⼆的东西,如:the sun the moon the world the earth和形容词连⽤,代表⼀类⼈,如:the blind the dead the poor the richhe wounded the young the unemployed3. 在下列情况下不⽤冠词:a. 特殊的专有名词前,如:John Smithb. 物质名词表⽰类别时,如:Gold is a precious metal.c. 抽象名词表⽰泛指时, 如:Knowledge is power.d. 在季节、⽉份、⽇期、节⽇前,如:Februarye. 在餐名、运动、游戏等名词前,如:Sports is good for health.f. 在school, hospital, church, prison等词前,当这些词着重表⽰功⽤⽽不是这些建筑物或物体本⾝时,如:She went to school at seven.(但She went to the school to see her teacher.)g. 在表⽰"种类"的短语,如:a kind (sort) of tree,two kinds (sorts) of books.h. 带有表⽰顺序的基数词前,如:Lesson One (但the First Lesson).i. 表⽰独⼀的职位,头衔等的名词前,如:He was elected president of the society.⼆.Quantifiers (数量词)1.many, much, (a) few, (a) littlea. many, (a) few 只⽤于可数名词前,much, (a) little 只⽤于不可数名词前,如:many (a few, few) booksmuch (a little, little) waterb. many 和much 主要⽤在否定句和疑问句中,但它们前⾯加too 或so时就多⽤在肯定句中,如:We didn't spend much money.How many books do you have?You made too (so) many mistakes.c. a few (= several) 和a little (= some) 含肯定意义;few (= not many) 和little (= not much)含否定意义。
the door of the room中 the door的语法范畴和语法手段 语言学纲要

the door of the room中 the door的
语法范畴和语法手段语言学纲要
在“the door of the room”这个短语中,“the door”的语法范畴和语法手段是值得探讨的。
首先,我们来看“the door”的语法范畴。
“the”是一个限定词,用于限定名词的单数形式,表示特指。
在这里,“the door”表示的就是“这扇门”,是对房间中的一扇特定门进行限定。
限定词的作用在于帮助我们区分不同的名词,避免混淆。
而“door”则是名词,表示一扇门。
在这个短语中,“door”作为名词,占据了句子的主语位置,是整个短语的中心词。
接下来,我们再来看“the door”的语法手段。
在英语中,语法手段包括词形变化、词序变化、虚词运用等。
在这个短语中,“the”和“door”的组合是通过限定词加名词的形式来完成的,这是一种常见的语法手段,用于限定名词的范围,使句子更加清晰、准确。
另外,从语义角度来看,“the door of the room”表达的是“房间的门”,其中“of the room”是一个介词短语,用来修饰“door”,说明这扇门是房间的一部分。
介词短语的运用,可以使句子更加丰富、具体,增强了语言的表达力。
综上所述,“the door of the room”中的“the door”的语法范畴是限定词加名词的形式,语法手段包括限定词和介词短语的运用。
通过这些语法范畴和手段的运用,我们可以更准确地表达意思,更清晰地传达信息。
同时,这也体现了语言学在分析句子结构、理解语义关系等方面的重要作用。
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Classes of Determiners(限定词)
1.Articles: Definite, Indefinite and Zero rticles (冠词:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词)
2.Quantifiers (数量词)
3.Other Determiners (其他限定词)
一.Articles: Definite, Indefinite and Zero rticles (冠词:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词)
1. 不定冠词主要表示泛指和与one 同源,含"一"的意思。
a 用在以辅音音素开头的名词前,an 用在以元音音素开头的名词前,如:
a university a man a book
an umbrella an egg an honest child
2. 定冠词the 主要表示特指的人或物及第二次提到的人或物,或世界上独一无二的东西,如:
the sun the moon the world the earth
和形容词连用,代表一类人,如:
the blind the dead the poor the rich
he wounded the young the unemployed
3. 在下列情况下不用冠词:
a. 特殊的专有名词前,如:
John Smith
b. 物质名词表示类别时,如:
Gold is a precious metal.
c. 抽象名词表示泛指时, 如:
Knowledge is power.
d. 在季节、月份、日期、节日前,如:
February
e. 在餐名、运动、游戏等名词前,如:
Sports is good for health.
f. 在school, hospital, church, prison等词前,当这些词着重表示功用而不是这些建筑物或物体本身时,如:
She went to school at seven.
(但She went to the school to see her teacher.)
g. 在表示"种类"的短语,如:
a kind (sort) of tree,
two kinds (sorts) of books.
h. 带有表示顺序的基数词前,如:
Lesson One (但the First Lesson).
i. 表示独一的职位,头衔等的名词前,如:
He was elected president of the society.
二.Quantifiers (数量词)
1.many, much, (a) few, (a) little
a. many, (a) few 只用于可数名词前,much, (a) little 只用于不可数名词前,如:
many (a few, few) books
much (a little, little) water
b. many 和much 主要用在否定句和疑问句中,但它们前面加too 或so时就多用在肯定句中,如:
We didn't spend much money.
How many books do you have?
You made too (so) many mistakes.
c. a few (= several) 和a little (= some) 含肯定意义;
few (= not many) 和little (= not much)含否定意义。
2.英语中有不少由"a (two, three, …) + 单位词+ of "构成的短语,用来表示:
a. 数量,如:
a piece (bit) of paper (news)
plenty (a lot, lots) of students (furniture)
a great (good) deal of money
a large (small) amount (quantity) of money
a great (large, good) number of boys
b. 容积、重量,如:
a bag of rice a bottle of wine
a bowl of soup a kilogram of sugar
two spoonfuls of salt
c. 形状,如:
a ball of string a bar of chocolate
a cake of soap a slice of bread (meat)
two heads of cattle
d. 成双成群,如:
a pair of shoes a couple of people
a flock of birds a swarm of bees
a gang of thieves
三.Other Determiners (其他限定词)
1. some, any, no
a. some一般用于肯定句;any一般用于否定句,疑问句或if从句。
b.它们组成的复合词
(someone,anyone,noone,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,nothing)只能用作单数,这些复合词后面都可跟else,如:
Please don't tell the news to anyone else.
2. another, other
a. another 只接单数可数名词,但在表示时间、金钱、距离等的短语前,another 可用于有数词修饰的复数名词前,如:
another two years another five dollars nother ten miles
b. the other 指两个中的另一个;the others 指已经提到过的其余部分。
c. other 前面有every, some, any, no 修饰时,其后若是可数名词,一般用单数,如:
Please write in every other line.
3. both, all
a. 都表示全部,both 表示两者,all 用于两者以上。
b. 它们与否定词连用表示部分否定。
4. each, every
a. each 既可作代词又可作限定词,every 只能作限定词。
b. everyone 指人,every one可指人或物,后面有of 短语修饰时只能用every one,如:
He examined every one of the boys/boxes.
5. either 和neither 都是指两个人或东西用。
Classes of Preposition(介词)
下面是常用介词及其主要意义:
1. 表示时间
at (时或点)
on(天或日)
in (一段时间的一点或之后)
during (一段时间的延续过程)
for(延续时间长度)
since(延续时间的起点)
over(较短时间延续)
by(不迟于某一时间)
through(out) (较长时间延续)
from ... to/till (从开始到延续的一段时间)
其它还有after, before, between等。
2. 表示地点和方位
at(某一较小地点)
in(某一较大范围内)
on(某一线或某一面上)
to(到某一地点)
against(靠着)
among(三者或三者以上之间)
between(两者间)
over和under(某物垂直相对的上下)
up和down (某物垂直方向上下)
above和below (某物相对的上下,不一定垂直)
beside和by(在旁边)
between (两者间)
about和around (在附近)
close to和near (to) (靠近)
其它还有:
across, along, behind, beneath, past, off, towards, before, after
3. 其它常用介词还有:
with, without, except, within, beyond
4. 英语中还有不少复合介词,如:
along with instead of
out of except for
from behind due to
because of but for
according to in front of
in spite of
5. 一些常用介词的搭配能力特别强,因此,应记住它们和动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的习惯短语。