定语从句(2) 2
定语从句2

【3】介词+关系词This is(这是) the house in which I lived two years ago(我两年前住过的房子).。
This is(这是) the house where I lived two years ago(我两年前住过的房子).Do you remember(还记得) the day on which you joined our club(你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗)? Do you remember(还记得) the day when you joined our club(你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗)?注意:1).介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2).that前不能有介词。
3).某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
【4】关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,即:when(= at/on/in which), where(=at/on/in which), why(= for which),因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
例如:There are occasions when (= on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is(北京是) the place where(= in which)I was born(我出生的地方).Is this(这就是) the reason why (= for which)he refused our offer(他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗)? 2)that代替关系副词,可以用在表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。
定语从句 (2)

语法四:定语从句一 .概述在英语中,我们通常用作定语修饰名词或代词。
若要表达更复杂的意思,需借助来修饰名词。
定语的位置:前置定语:单词( _______、______,_____, _________)后置定语:______和_______(定语从句)I do not like lazy people.(转为定语从句)被修饰的名词/代词因为总在定语从句前面,所以被称为_____。
引导定语从句的词,被称为______。
二.定语从句的三个重要概念(1)先行词———被定语从句所_____或_____的对象。
(2)关系词———连接____和____,在定语从句中充当一定____的词。
(3)不完整的句子。
(4)定语从句的结构=先行词+_____+_______的句子e.g.Envy is like a fly that passes all a body’s sounder parts and dwells upon the sores.三 .关系词定语从句主要考察的就是引导词的选择,定语从句的引导词分为三类:1 关系代词:关系代词先行词指人:______ ,______先行词指物:________先行词指人指物均可:_________先行词指人或指物的所有关系: ______(谁的,定语) ;2 关系副词:副词是表示行为或状态特征的词,修饰_____、_____或_____,表示时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
本身后面句子主干完整,补充表_____,____,______的副词让句子完整。
时间状语:______地点状语:______原因状语:______3 特殊关系词:as;whose ;whyps:定语从句没有______ 和_______.1 、特殊关系词特殊关系词直接靠翻译做题即可。
as:“正如”(1)as的本质是个关系_____,指代_________。
(2)as引导的定从可放主句之前(可放中间,后面)。
定语从句(2)

第
1 步
专题九 定语从句
第 3
步
第
2 步
第二部分 专题九
第1页
高考一轮总复习 ·英语
定语从句高考考点
第 1
考点一
步
考点二
考点三
第
2 步
考点四
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
第
3
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 步
as,which引导的定语从句
考点五 way和time后接定语从句的情况
之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。
第
2 步
②Trading leather shoes is the business ___o_n_e_o_f_w__h_o_s_e___
the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所专注的事业。
第二部分 专题九
第21页
高考一轮总复习 ·英语
③[2016·浙江]The study suggests that the cultures we grow
2
步 (=whose price) was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。
第二部分 专题九
第22页
高考一轮总复习 ·英语
第
1
步
⑤His head soon appeared out of the window,
__f_r_o_m__w_h_e_r_e_____he saw nothing but trees.
3
关系副词where引导定语从句;如果作主语、宾语或表语,则 步
第 2
用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
定语从句(2)

4) Her bag, in __w_h__ic_h__ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise, _w_h__ic_h_ brought her heart into her mouth.
2. Tomorrow I will bring here a book fo_r_w__h_ich you asked.
定语从句(2)
难点一:as的用法
1. It is such a big stone __a_s__ nobody can lift.
2. __A_s___ is known to all, he is the best student. 3. This is the same watch as I lost.
Translate the following English proverbs into Chinese and then pick out the attributive clauses.
1. God helps those who help
themselves .
天助自助者.
2. He who laughs last laughs best . 笑到最后的人才是英雄.
归 指代事物 which, that, as 纳 所属关系 whose
系 代
总 结
指地点 指时间
where when
关 系
词
指原因 why
副
做题技巧?
词
先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分
定语从句 2

第17课定语从句 2导言互译时注意这一语言差异,对掌握英语很有帮助。
在学习定语从句时,请注意关系代词和关系副词的区别,关系代词在从句中起到的是名词的作用,而关系副词起的是副词或介词短语的作用,即状语的作用。
▲关系副词WHEN-----代替时间WHERE-----代替地点WHY-----代替原因WHEN先行词关系副词在从句中做状语从以上的例句中可以看出,关系副词在从句中代替的是一个介词短语,相当于on the day,做状语。
该句也可以用关系代词来做。
请注意关系代词与关系副词的区别。
●先行词关系代词在从句中做介词on●WHERE●看,那就是我出生的房子。
注:where在从句中充当状语,代替in the house,该句也可以用关系代词来做。
WHY●I know the reason. She is unhappy for the reasontoday.●关系副词why代替从句中for the reason。
此句可以用关系代词做。
●●I know the reason▲as引导定语从句,先行词可以是一个名词,也可以是一个短语或一个句子。
as本身含有“像”的意思,而从句的位置不一定要在先行词之后●know的宾语代替前面整个句子(As you know, the earth moves around the sun.)正像你所知道那样地球围绕太阳运行。
●as-----------Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish novelist正如我的一位祖母说过的那样,这个世界上只有两家人:那就是富人和穷人。
-----西班牙小说家塞万提斯.M.●Money is the sinews(力量) of love, asAs = Money is the sinews-----------George Farquhar, Irish dramatist金钱是爱情的支柱,犹如金钱是战争的支柱一样。
高三语法总复习定语从句 (2)

关系代词只用that的情况 的情况 关系代词只用
• 1.先行词 先行词all, everything, nothing, something, 先行词 anything, little, much 等不定代词 • 2. 先行词被 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰。 等修饰。 • 3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 • 4.先行词被 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 先行词被 修饰时。 修饰时。 • 5.有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词, 有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词, 有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词 从句应用that,而不是其他。 而不是其他。 从句应用 而不是其他 • 6. 当主句是以 当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时, 开头的特殊疑问句时, 定语从句多用that,而不用 而不用who (whom), which. 定语从句多用 而不用
Where、when的特殊意义 、 的特殊意义
• 有时先行词不是 有时先行词不是day、time、room、place等明确的表示时 、 、 、 等明确的表示时 地点的名词,而是occasion, age, case, point, chair, 间、地点的名词,而是 business, situation,stage, condition等,定语从句也要 , 等 来引导。 用when,where来引导。例如: , 来引导 例如: • ①We are living in an age when many things are done on computer. • ② Harry does recall one difficult occasion, when a man who refused to repent(忏悔,悔改) was asked to 忏悔, leave. • ③If a shop has chairs where women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. • ④He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. (2001上海 上海) 上海
定语从句2

Rewrite the sentence using the attributive clause: 1. I remember the day. “The Beatles” played their first hit on that day. I remember the day when “The Beatles” played their first hit.
5 when, where, why 与that, which 的区分 why This is the reason ___________ ( = for which ) I didn’t come here. which/that The reason __________ she gave was not true. 指时间, 指时间,地点或原因的先行词在定语 从句中作主语或宾语, 从句中作主语或宾语,用which或that 或 引导定语从句。 引导定语从句。
1.This is the best TV _____ is made in that China. 2.The first museum _____ he visited in that China was the History Museum. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修 饰时,引导定语从句用that 。 饰时,引导定语从句用
对比练习
1. It is very useful to master a foreign which language,_____ has been said before. 2 ___ everyone hoped, Mary has As won the first prize. as引导定语从句可放在句首,句中, 引导定语从句可放在句首, 引导定语从句可放在句首 句中, 句末, 句末,而which 引导定语从句不能放 在句首.as译为正如 好像, 译为正如, 在句首 译为正如,好像 which 则 没有此义。 没有此义。
定语从句 (2)

注意:1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动 词的后面。如:look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (误) The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (误) 2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可 用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。关系代词 是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正) The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
定语从句(2)1. 定语从句是历年高考的热点,是必考的语法点。
2. 本讲主要梳理以下知识点:1) 非限制性定语从句,特别是先行词为整个句子的情况;2) 非限制性定语从句中关系代词as 和which的区别;3) 定语从句与其他句式的区别。
一、知识精讲(一)非限制性定语从句1. 非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不紧密,只是作附加说明,不起限制作用。
2. 非限制性定语从句的关系代词只能用which或who,不能用that,作宾语时,不可以省略。
3. 有时非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是前面的某个词,而是代表整个主句所讲的内容。
4. 非限制性定语从句的主、从句之间往往用逗号隔开,译成汉语时可单独译成一句。
【例句】The old man has a son, who is in the army. 那位老人有一个儿子,他在部队工作。
She comes from Shanghai, which can be told from her accent. 她是上海人,这一点从她的口音就可以判断出来。
例题1Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where答案:B思路分析:本句的先行词是Chan’s restaurant,在定语从句中作主语,非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导,故选A。
本题同学们看到on Baker Street,可能会误选D,主要是没有判断好先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。
例题2(安徽卷) All the neighbors admire this family, ______the parents are treating their child like a friend.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that答案:B思路分析:先行词是family, 在从句中作地点状语,要说in the family, 故要选B。
(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1. 形式上,非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2. 语法上,非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。
3. 语义上,限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密,起限定作用,如果去掉了这个定语从句,整个句子就不完整或会改变意思;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密,对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
【例句】I was the only person in our office who was invited.我是办公室里唯一被邀请的人。
(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. 汤姆的父亲,已经六十多岁了,仍然日夜努力地工作着。
(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)4. 翻译时,限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为“的”字结构);而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。
【例句】This is the book (that / which) I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都,它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
2. as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。
通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
【例句】As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样,他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
China has the largest population in the world, as is known to all. 众所周知,中国拥有世界上最多的人口。
例题(浙江卷)_____ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.A. WhenB. AfterC. AsD. Since答案:C思路分析:当定语从句放在句首时必须用as引导。
3. as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别He is the only one of the persons who speaks French fluently here.(此句的先行词为the only one 而不是the persons, 是单数,所以定语从句中的谓语动词也要用单数。
) He was one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.(此句中的先行词是the students, 是复数,所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数。
)2. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间有一个定语、状语或谓语隔开,叫分隔定语从句。
【例句】There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.在他眼里,有一种我看不懂的神情。
3. 当定语从句中的谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时,短语动词的各固定部分不要拆开。
【例句】The sick man whom she is looking after is her father. 她正在照顾的那个病人是她的父亲。
4. 不定代词/ 数词+ of which / whom【例句】故选A。
7. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,确定介词的方法:(1)根据先行词的习惯搭配【例句】They’ll never forget July 1st on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland.他们永远不会忘记7月1日,在这一天香港回到了祖国母亲的怀抱。
1992 is the year in which you were born. 1992年是你出生的年份。
(2)根据定语从句中动词所需的搭配【例句】The school to which I was sent was very large. 我被送去上学的学校非常大。
Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. 他来自于香港。
例题“用介词+which/whom”填空1. At the top of the mountain there is a small house_______________________ we can see the beautiful scenery.(四)定语从句与结果状语从句在定语从句中,若先行词被such 修饰时,关系词要用as, 组成such…as结构。
这个结构与结果状语从句such…that…(如此……以致……)很相似,要注意区别。
若从句中的及物动词后无宾语,就是定语从句,用such…as;否则就是结果状语从句,用such…that。
例题1. I have such a computer ___________you have.2. She is such a kind girl ____________all of us like to make friends with her.答案:1. as 2. that(五)定语从句与习惯句型固定句型:It is the first/second/third time that+ 从句(从句用现在完成时)例题1. It is the first time ______she has been in Shanghai.2. It was the time _______Chinese people had a hard life.答案:1. that 2. when(六)定语从句与单句注意标点符号。
两个单句间用句号,而定语从句的两个句子间用逗号。
例题1. The mother told the lazy boy to wo rk, ____didn’t help.2. The mother told the lazy boy to work. _____didn’t help.3. There are 56 students in our class, most of ____are girls.答案:1. which 2. It 3. whom1. (山东)Whenever I met her, ______ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. whoB. whichC. whenD. that答案:B思路分析:不管我何时遇见她,她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我,这是常事。
which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的句子。
2. (全国II)My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it答案:A思路分析:考查非限制性定语从句,这儿的which指代前面整句话的内容。
3. (天津)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.A. asB. whichC. whenD. though答案:A思路分析:考查as的非限制性定语从句。
后句句意:我的做法正如/正像生活在天津闹市区的商人一样。
本句为避免头重脚轻,结构经过了调整,主语和谓语颠倒,这点要注意。
which代替的是上句部分或整体的内容,此处没有这个的意思,排除B;C,D句意、结构均不适合,as“正如,正像”符合句意,故选A。
4. (陕西)Gun control is a subject ______ Americans have argued for a long time.A. of whichB. with whichC. about whichD. into which答案:C思路分析:考查定语从句,先行词是Gun control,指物,关系词在从句中作介词的宾语,介词前置,介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth.,选C。