如何写英文Abstract
论文英文摘要要求与格式
论文英文摘要要求与格式The abstract of an English research paper should typicallybe around 120-250 words. Here is a general requirement andformat for writing an abstract:1. Introduction: Start with a brief introduction to thetopic and briefly explain its significance.2. Purpose/Objective: Clearly state the objective or purpose of the study.3. Methods: Describe the methodology or approach used in the study.5. Conclusion: Provide a summary of the main conclusions derived from the study.6. Implications: Discuss the implications or significance of the findings.7. Future Research: Suggest potential future research directions or studies.8. Keywords: Include a few relevant keywords or phrases that capture the essence of the paper.Remember, an abstract should be concise, clear, and engaging. It should give the readers an overview of the research paper and make them interested in reading the full paper.Note: The length of the abstract can vary depending on the requirements of the journal or conference where you plan to submit your paper. Some journals may specify a maximum word count, while others may have a minimum and maximum word count range. Make sure to follow the specific guidelines provided by the target journal or conference.。
如何写好SCI论文投稿中的Abstract
如何写好SCI论文投稿中的Abstract Abstract是SCI论文投稿中不可或缺的一部分。
它通常作为论文的摘要，摘要的质量很大程度上决定了论文被接受的可能性。
因此，如何写好Abstract是每位研究者必须掌握的技能之一。
2023年，Abstract的写作依然是一项重要的任务。
面对越来越激烈的学术竞争，研究者需要通过Abstract来吸引读者的关注并明确表达自己的研究意义和成果。
下面将介绍一些具体的写Abstract的技巧和注意事项，帮助研究者撰写高质量的Abstract。
首先，Abstract的内容应该准确、简洁、具体。
为了达到这个目的，研究者应该遵循以下几个基本原则：1. 提炼核心内容Abstract不是论文的简单概述，而是针对论文的研究问题、方法和成果进行提炼和总结。
因此，研究者应该首先确定论文的核心问题和贡献，然后将其简洁明了地表达在Abstract中。
2. 使用适当的语言和术语研究者应该使用准确、专业的术语和语言来描述论文的问题和成果。
同时，也要注意使用简洁、易懂的语言，特别是在解释论文的复杂概念和模型时，以便读者能够快速理解。
3. 强调结果和贡献在Abstract中，研究者应该突出论文的贡献和创新点，让读者能够明确地看到论文的价值和意义，从而增加论文的吸引力和可读性。
除了上述基本原则，还有一些细节需要研究者注意，以确保Abstract的质量和可读性。
下面列举了一些具体的技巧和注意事项：1. 遵循SCI期刊的写作规范Abstract的格式和内容要符合SCI期刊的要求，这包括使用适当的字体、字号、行间距、段间距，以及指定Abstract的篇幅等。
研究者应该仔细阅读SCI期刊的投稿说明，确保自己的Abstract符合要求。
2. 遵循逻辑顺序和结构研究者应该遵循逻辑顺序和结构来组织Abstract的内容。
通常来说，Abstract应该包括论文的研究问题、研究方法、主要结果、贡献和意义等。
如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词
如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词AbstractWriting an abstract for a graduation thesis is an essential part of the research process. The abstract serves as a summary of the entire thesis, providing a concise overview of the research objectives, methodology, results, and conclusions. This article aims to guide students on how to effectively draft an abstract for their graduation thesis, including tips on content, structure, and language usage.Keywords: abstract, graduation thesis, research objectives, methodology, results, conclusions1. IntroductionThe abstract of a graduation thesis plays a crucial role in informing readers about the main aspects of the research without requiring them to read the entire thesis. Therefore, it needs to be informative, concise, and well-written in order to capture the reader's attention. This section will provide an overview of the key elements to consider when writing an abstract.2. Content of the AbstractThe content of the abstract should reflect the main components of the graduation thesis. First, it should clearly state the research objectives and the problem statement. This sets the context for the research and allows readers to understand the purpose of the study. Next, the abstract should outline the methodology used to conduct the research, including the data collection methods and analysis techniques employed. It is important to highlight thekey findings and results obtained from the research, showcasing the significance and implications of the study. Finally, the abstract should summarize the main conclusions drawn from the research, highlighting any recommendations or further areas of study.3. Structure of the AbstractTo ensure clarity and coherence, the abstract should follow a specific structure. It is recommended to use the following format: introduction, method, results, and conclusion. This structure allows readers to easily navigate the abstract and understand the main aspects of the research. Each section within the abstract should be concise, yet provide enough information to convey the main ideas effectively.4. Language UsageWhen writing the abstract, it is important to use clear and concise language. Avoid using jargon or technical terms that may not be familiar to all readers. Instead, use plain language to ensure that the abstract can be understood by a wide range of audiences. Additionally, focus on using active voice and avoid excessive use of passive voice to enhance the readability of the abstract. Lastly, proofread the abstract carefully to avoid any grammatical or spelling errors that could hinder the overall clarity of the text.5. Length of the AbstractThe length of the abstract may vary depending on the requirements set by the educational institution or the journal publishing guidelines. However, as a general guideline, the abstract should not exceed 250-300 words. It is important to be concise and selective in the information provided, focusingonly on the key aspects of the research. Remember that the abstract acts as a summary and should not include excessive details or citations.6. Finalizing the AbstractOnce the abstract is drafted, it is essential to review and revise it to ensure accuracy and coherence. Seek feedback from advisors, professors, or peers to gather different perspectives and improve the quality of the abstract. Ensure that the abstract aligns with the content of the graduation thesis and accurately reflects the research conducted. Additionally, double-check the formatting and style requirements to ensure compliance with the specific guidelines provided.In conclusion, writing an abstract for a graduation thesis requires careful consideration of the content, structure, and language usage. The abstract should provide a concise summary of the research objectives, methodology, results, and conclusions. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, students can effectively draft an abstract that captures the essence of their research and engages the readers.Keywords: abstract, graduation thesis, research objectives, methodology, results, conclusions。
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例英文摘要(Abstract)是论文写作中必不可少的一部分，其作用是概括出论文的主要内容和结论，帮助读者迅速了解论文的核心观点。
本文将提供一篇关于论文写作中英文摘要的范例，以供参考。
AbstractWith the increasing globalization of academic research, it has become essential for scholars to effectively communicate their work to a wider audience. One crucial element in this process is the abstract, which summarizes the main points and findings of a research paper. In this article, we will provide an example of an English abstract for a research paper, demonstrating key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.IntroductionThe abstract serves as a brief overview of a research paper, allowing readers to quickly grasp the purpose, methodology, and outcomes of the study. It should be concise yet informative, providing enough information to engage the reader while remaining within a specified word limit.Main BodyI. Purpose and BackgroundThe first element of an abstract is a clear statement of the research paper's purpose and its background. It should outline the rationale for the study, highlighting any research gaps or unanswered questions in the field. For example:This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, with a focus on marine biodiversity and coral reef health. Given the increasing threats to these ecosystems, understanding the potential impacts of climate change is crucial for effective conservation strategies.II. MethodologyThe abstract should briefly describe the methodology employed in the research. This can include the study design, data collection methods, and analytical approaches. However, detailed technical information should be avoided. For example:A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the long-term effects of temperature increase and ocean acidification on coral reefs. Data on species diversity, abundance, and health were collected from various reefs in the Caribbean region.III. ResultsThe abstract should highlight the key findings of the research. It should summarize the outcomes and conclusions derived from the data analysis. However, specific data or numerical results should be avoided, focusing instead on general trends and significant discoveries. For example:Our study revealed a significant decline in coral species diversity and overall health in response to increased water temperatures and ocean acidification. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the abundance of commercially important fish species, indicating potential impacts on local communities dependent on coral reef resources.IV. Implications and ConclusionThe abstract should conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the research and its significance. It should provide a concise statement summarizing the main contributions of the study to the field and any recommendations for future research or policy implications. For example:These findings highlight the urgent need for immediate actions to mitigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establishing marine protected areas can help safeguard marine biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of communities dependent on coral reef resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for communicating the key points and contributions of a research paper. By providing a clear purpose, concise methodology, major findings, and broader implications, the abstract serves as a concise summary of the research work, enticing readers to delve deeper into the full paper. By following the guidelines and structure provided in this example abstract, researchers can enhance their chances of effectively conveying their research to a global audience.。
英文摘要写作
Basic Parts of a Summary
A statement of the problem简单回顾问 题 A statement of the paper说明文章内容 A statement of the approach to solving the problem and the principal result说明 所做工作及获得的结果 Conclusions结论
A statement of the paper
介绍文章涉及范围 常用词 consist of, contain, cover, include… 常用句型 This article consists of four parts:…
contains includes
… are covered in the scope of the research.
Types of Abstracts
Descriptive（介绍性、陈述性）abstract A descriptive abstract usually tells readers what information the paper contains, outlines the purpose, methods, and the scope of the paper, and introduces the subject. 只简要介绍论文的论题，或概括地表述研究 目的，仅使读者对论文的主要内容有一概括 的了解。一般不介绍方法、结果、结 论的具体内容，不包含任何数据。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Approach and Result
介绍所做的工作 常用词 analyze, consider, develop, discuss, investigate, construct… 常用句型 The relation between … is discussed
毕业论文Abstract怎么写？
毕业论文Abstract怎么写？毕业论文Abstract怎么写？毕业论文的Abstract简单说就是毕业论文的英文摘要，先把中文摘要写好，然后翻译成英文就可以了。
摘要也就是内容提要，是论文中不可缺少的一部分。
论文摘要是一篇具有独立性的短文，有其特别的地方。
它是建立在对论文进行总结的基础之上，用简单、明确、易懂、精辟的语言对全文内容加以概括，留主干去枝叶，提取论文的主要信息。
作者的观点、论文的主要内容、研究成果、独到的见解，这些都应该在摘要中体现出来。
好的摘要便于索引与查找，易于收录到大型资料库中并为他人提供信息。
因此摘要在资料交流方面承担着至关重要的作用。
书写摘要的基本规范和原则（1）论文摘要分为中文摘要和外文（一般为英文）摘要。
摘要在篇幅方面的限定，不同的学校和机构有不同的要求，通常中文摘要不超过300字，英文摘要不超过250个实词，中英文摘要应一致。
毕业论文摘要可适当增加篇幅。
（2）多向指导教师请教，并根据提供的意见及时修改，以期达到更高水平。
（3）摘要是完整的短文，具有独立性，可以单独使用。
即使不看论文全文的内容，仍然可以理解论文的主要内容、作者的新观点和想法、课题所要实现的目的、采取的方法、研究的结果与结论。
（4）叙述完整，突出逻辑性，短文结构要合理。
（5）要求文字简明扼要，不容赘言，提取重要内容，不含前言、背景等细节部分，去掉旧结论、原始数据，不加评论和注释。
采用直接表述的方法，删除不必要的文学修饰。
摘要中不应包括作者将来的计划以及与此课题无关的内容，做到用最少的文字提供最大的信息量。
（6）摘要中不使用特殊字符，也不使用图表和化学结构式，以及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式，不列举例证。
英语 论文 Abstract
摘要的分类1．陈述性摘要(descriptive abstract)只说明（陈述）论文的主题，不介绍论文的具体内容Sample 1Translation is not only a linguistic transference, but also an intercultural communication. For quite a long time, translation studies have been concentrated on the prescription of translation methods, with scant attention paid to the description of macro-cultural factors involved in the translating. In this paper, the writer contends that the study of the macro-cultural factors will surely enlarge the scope and enrich the content of the translation studies. The paper is largely a rudimentary step, both in theory and in practice, to expose some of the factors influencing Mr. Fu’s translation of Gone with the Wind, with a historic and descriptive approach employed.Sample 2To the general public, China English is a relatively new and serious concept, while in the fields of linguistics and translation a group of scholars have already make a study on it. Now most scholars hold that China English, based on the standard English, is a kind of variant of English to express things and concepts with Chinese characteristic. It is the product of the English language used in English-speaking countries combined with the unique Chineseness. Then, in the nation of China with a thousand-long history and civilization, how has China English come into being, grown and developed? This paper mainly focuses on the factors involved in the emergence and development of China English and it also explores people’s attitude toward China English, and analyzes the trend and role of China English in China and the world.2．资料性/信息性摘要(informative abstract)除了说明论文的主题外，还要介绍论文的主要观点、主要内容和研究成果Sample 3This paper, based on the theories and principles of psycholinguistics and cognitive psychology, deals with definitions and functions of emotional quotient, revealing some of the learners’ emotional characteristics, which affect the outcome of language learning. The author insists that language learning is a very sophisticated psychological process, and aspects of emotional quotient influence the learner’s cognitive process in which knowledge of the target language is internalized as language competence or skills. Results of experiments prove that positive and rich emotions are the motives needed for language learning. It is vital for language teachers to motivate their students to acquire the target language by developing their emotions and helping them internalize what they are learning. The author also mentions that language teachers should recognize the potential for creating a warm and friendly environment for language learning so that language teaching and learning process will be more effective in improving the learner’s IQ, EQ, and language creative ability.Sample 4In order to help students with their translation and assist teachers to find students’main problems with translation, this paper studies an English to Chinesetranslation exercise of the second year English majors in a university. The author studies in by collecting and sorting out the typical errors made by students and analyzing the causes of the errors guided by error analysis theory. The research adopts the basic translation criteria of TEM-8 in sorting out student s’translation errors. According to the research, students’errors fall into these categories: confusion in denotative and connotative meaning of a word, unnatural Chinese expressions, problems in dealing with proper nouns, misinterpretation of sentence structures of the source text, etc. Then the thesis analyzes the underlying causes: students’ lack of both translation theories and practice, and poor Chinese competence. It is hoped that more of this kind of research in both Chinese and English translation be done to guide translation teaching and practice.Sample 5As a limitation of cultural transmission, culture absence prevents Chinese readers from fully appreciating the original text. This thesis takes the translating of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter as an example, aiming at discussing the culture translation approach in the practice of translation. As one of Hawthorne’s best-known novel, The Scarlet Letter has its distinctive culture feature and the problem of culture absence commonly exists in translating it into Chinese. This thesis compares three different Chinese translation versions of the novel based on the analysis of its culture connotation, and discusses the culture absence of historical background, religious belief, mythological elements, metaphorical expressions, color images, etc. In the thesis, examples are given to illustrate how culture absence presents in its Chinese translations. Also, different compensative means for the culture absence are compared in the thesis, such as transliteration and semantic translation, literal translation and free translation, domestication and foreignization; the proper translation strategy should depend on different situations from the perspective of culture preservation.英文摘要常用的句型表达主要有：This paper argues (demonstrates) …This paper explores (probes into) …This paper elaborates on (expounds) …This paper includes (covers, touches on) …This paper aims to (aims at) …This paper focuses on …This paper makes a comparison of …This paper makes an attempt to touch on …This paper offers a discussion of (an overview of, an analysis of ) …This paper develops the theory of …This paper is a criticism of the theory of …This paper, on the basis of …, reveals (illustrates) …Based on …, this paper first categorizes … and then tentatively sets out …The purpose (objective) of this paper is to review …The author (writer) of this paper holds (considers, deems, contends) …The author tries to give an account of …In this paper, the author proposes …It is pointed out …In light of … theory, discussion is made about … in this paper.This thesis aims at a better understanding of English to Chinese (E to C) translation of adverbial clauses in business contracts. The author first describes the general theories and criteria for translation, and those specifics for the translation of international business contracts, which are theoretical guidelines for the whole thesis. Then the writer discusses and analyzes the four categories of adverbial clauses in international business contracts in translation. Finally, the author explores the major problems involved in translating adverbial clauses in business contracts from English to Chinese and proposes compensative strategies.。
学术英语abstract写作
文摘的文体结构
摘要_应具备的要素
简明扼要（conciseness）:去除文献中的次要 材料或辅助细节。
客观公正（objectivity）:摘要中不应有原文中 没有的信息资料。
全面完整（completeness）:要包括主题思想， 主要资料，结论或建议。
摘要中常见错误
������ 字少、错选：提示 性、报道性、资料性 ������ 结构要素残缺：目 的，方法，结果，结论 ������ 丧失摘要特点������
· Omit obscure abbreviations.
· Write the paper before you write the abstract.
Sample:
background
Feedback and assessment play an important role in teaching and learning of oral presentation skills. This study describes the implementation and evaluation of an innovative instruction that uses a Student Response System for peer assessment of oral presentations. A large number of oral presentations were assessed and students’ perceptions and learning what
Note:
有时由于篇幅的限制，摘要的内容不一定包括有五 个要素，因而需要缩减摘要的字数和内容。经过压 缩的摘要通常只能突出两个或三个要点，其中最重 要的应该是阐明研究的结果。简要的资料性摘要往 往省略背景知识。如果允许的字数范围内，摘要可 以在最后用一到两句话进行总结并提出建议。一篇 简要的资料性摘要的内容通常包括：
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How to Write an Abstract一、什么是摘要Abstract?an abstract comprises one paragraph which describes the main content of a paper and appears at the very beginning of the paper.摘要是叙述文章主要内容的一个段落，并且位于文章的开头部分。
摘要是以梗概形式呈现的一篇文章要点的总结，它强调了一篇文章所包含的重要的信息。
它也可以帮助读者快速的了解到是否这篇文章是他们感兴趣的，是否他们需要来阅读整篇文章。
而且，国家或国际出版社的编辑通常通过浏览投稿文章的摘要来决定是否投稿人的文章是可以被录用的。
因此，对于学者和研究人员来说，写一份好的摘要至关重要。
二、写作Abstract的目的对于科技论文的摘要，Abstract的目的有以下几点：1.Introduce journal articles.rm readers about article`s content.3.Help readers decide whether or not to read article.4.Overview conference programs,abstract collections,and book chapters.三、学习写作Abstract的必要性1.Helps you present complex information in a clear,concise manner.2.Helps you read abstracts more effectively.3.Helps you conduct research.4.Helps you write abstracts for future publications.5.Helps you condense report information into a short format for database searches.四、Abstract的写作要求e one or more well-developed paragraphs,which areunified,coherent,concise,and able to stand alone（200-300 words).e an introduction-body conclusion structure in which the parts of the parts of the report are discussed inorder:purpose,researcquestions,method,findings,conclusions,recommendations.3.Follows strictly the chronology of the report.五、Abstract的分类rmative abstract 内容摘要- the primary research objective or purpose- method employed in solving the problems- principal findings or results- major conclusions and serves as a substitute for the full paper2.descriptive abstract指示性摘要outlines the topics covered in the paper and is like a table of contents in paragraph form.六、Abstract的结构1.Background – why do you want to do the research?2.Research question – what question are you trying to answer and what is the research topic of your paper?3.Method – how (what material, what method, and what procedures) do you get answers to your research question?4.Results – what is your answer to the question?5.Conclusions – what implications does the answer imply?七、Abstract的特点1.Concise – write everything relevant to the paper in as simple terms as possible.2.Objective – states objectively the main points of the paper.3.Consistent – be consistent with the other parts of the whole paper, and never include what has not been mentioned in the paper.plete – cover all the main points of the paper and be a miniature of the paper.5.Brief – conveys in as few words as possible the essential information contained in the body of the paper.八、Abstract的常用句式1、介绍文章背景和目前研究的问题(1) Although (the research subject)…, (the related problem)…is as yet undetermined.(2) (The research subject)…, however, (the related problem)…remains unsolved.(3) (Previous studies) have examined…, (the related problem) is that…, despite…(4) (Problems in certain research area) are…, yet (the present solution) hasfrequently been questioned because…(5) This paper describes/presents…(the argument) within…(a theoreticalcontext)(6) While (the debate on certain research subject) seems to…, (the presentagreement) is still problematic.2、叙述研究目的(1) This paper advances the view that…(2) The article advocates/discusses/develops/focuses on/gives detailed explanation for/investigates into/proposes/holds that/…(3) The purpose/intention of this paper is…(4) The primary goal/aim of this research is…(5) The overall objective of this study is…(6) In this paper/study, we aim at…(7) The work/investigation presented in this paper focuses on…(8) This research is designed to determine/measure/evaluate…(9) The author intends/attempts o outline the framework of/obtain someknowledge of…3、指出观察问题的视角(1) …from the angle of…(2) …in the light of the context that…(3) To view something at a different angle/from various angles…(4) From the point of view of…(5) From the perspective of…4、指出文章参与者(1) The present study has investigated…by using/analyzing…(participants/materials)(2) In this study, we inquired/examined/evaluated…(participants/materials)(3) The experiments/investigations of the present study involved…(participants/materials)5、研究方法和过程(1) Detailed information has been acquired by the authors using..(2）Several sets of experiments have been performed to test the validity of…(3) The technique the author adopted is referred to as…(4) The experiments consisted of four steps, which are described in…(5) The method/approach used in the present study is…(6) The experiment/investigation in the paper is conducted by adopting…(7）The procedure the present study followed can be briefly described as…(8) The experiment/study consisted of the following steps: …(9) Included in the experiment were…(10) Based on the idea that…, we conducted the present study, categorized…, and evaluated…6、研究结果、发现、结论(1) The results of the experiment indicate/suggest that…; it is also found that…(2) The results are as follows: …(3) The analysis of the samples indicates that..(4) The data obtained seem to be very similar o those reported earlier by…(5) It is concluded that..; the results also imply the further study into…(6) The investigation/experiment varied by…and the results also revealed that…(7) These findings of the research have led the author to the conclusion that…(8) Based on/upon the outcome/findings of the research, …(9) The data/results obtained appear to…, thus we may conclude that…(10) As a result of the current experiments, we conclude that…(11）The author points out/recommends/concludes that…(12) In summing up it may be stated that…(13) All the preliminary results throw light on the nature of…(14) These findings of the research have naturally led the author to the conclusionthat…九、写一份摘要的步骤（1) 在完成整篇论文之后再来起草你的摘要，因为这样你对文章所表达的观点和发现等才能有一个清楚的轮廓。