Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction(1)模板
轮机英语词汇总结1~20章
Lesson1：ships and machinery 专业词汇：naval architect造船工程师marine engineer轮机工程师hull 船体外壳propel推进steer 操舵anchor 抛锚cargo-handling 货物装卸vibration振动longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的deck甲板hatch 舱口hatch cover舱盖navigating bridge area 驾驶台communication centre通信中心stabilizer 减摇鳍container ship 集装箱船bulk carrier 散货船tanker液货船passenger ship 客船cruise ship 游船pilot vessel 引航船displacement排水量deadweight 船舶载重量light weight 船舶空船排水量installation 安装layout 布置gearbox 齿轮箱direct-couple 直接传动diesel engine柴油机team turbine 蒸汽轮机propeller 螺旋桨prime mover原动机crankshaft 曲轴cylinder 气缸auxiliary辅助的generator发电机air compressor 空压机evaporator 造水机heat exchanger 换热机boiler 锅炉funnel烟炊twin-screw双螺旋port左旋starboard 右旋waste combustion plant 焚烧炉bulkhead 船舱壁metric米制的公制的tug 拖船非专业词汇：vehicle 交通工具habitability可居住性overlap 重合ores 矿石arbitrary 任意性distinct 清楚的独特的endure 持续度过self-sustaining 自稳定自维持Lesson2：how does a marine diesel engine work 专业词汇：internal combustion engine内燃机ignite 点燃injection喷射chamber腔室piston活塞spray 油雾cycle循环sequence顺序stroke 冲程alternator 交流发电机aspirate吸入atomized 雾化的auxiliary 辅助的blow 吹，鼓风draw 抽吸centripetal 向心的chamber 腔，室charge 填充物combustion 燃烧compress压缩crank 曲柄crankshaft 曲轴crankpin 曲柄箱cylinder 气缸diesel 柴油机exhaust 排出，耗尽，废气fine细小的generator 发电机ignite 点燃induce 引起，招致inefficient 效率低的inhale 吸入inject 喷射injector喷射器inlet 进口marine海运的，船用的piston活塞principle 原理，原则propeller螺旋桨，推进器propulsion 推进residual 残留的，剩余的revolution 转rotate 旋转scavenge扫除，吹除timing 定时turbocharge 涡轮增压turbocharger 涡轮增压器bottom dead centre （BDT）下止点top dead centre（TDC）上止点loop scavenge 回流扫气uniflow scavenge 直流扫气reduction gear box 减速齿轮箱slight ram 进气阀座connecting rod 连杆blade 叶片非专业词汇：adjacent邻近的application 请求，应用closure 关闭encourage 促使fresh 新鲜的inlet 进口medium 中间的，介质operation 操作，过程poppet 提升retard 推迟vast 大量的Lessen3 diesel engine construction 专业词汇：adjustment 调节annular 环形的assembly 组件bearing 轴承bedplate 机座bolt螺栓bore 钻孔channel 通道clearance间隙component 部件diameter 直径dowel 销钉drill 钻孔duct 管道emission 散发，喷射film 油膜flange 法兰forge 锻造frame 机架groove槽，沟guide导板indicator 示功器jacket 夹层joint 接口liner 衬套maneuverability 机动操作性，机动性mount 安装pin 销子reliability 凹槽scraper 刮油器screw 螺钉seating 座，底座shim 垫片shoe 滑块slot 开槽stud 双头螺栓weld焊接carrier ring 承磨环cast iron 铸铁chain transmission 链条传动white metal 白合金stuffing box 填料箱非专业词汇：deformation变形rigid 刚性的，坚实的rubber 橡胶horizontally 水平地adequate 足够的advanced先进的chromium镀铬construction结构displace 错位integral 整体的precise精确的reliability 可靠性rotary旋转secure固定topmost最上部vertical垂直的vital至关重要的Lesson4 fuel oil system 专业词汇：catalyst催化剂catalytic催化剂的centrifuge分油机cavitation 气穴现象contaminate污染contaminate杂质deaerate除气，除氧impurity杂质，混杂物overflow溢流overhaul大修pressurize增压，密封purifier分水机clarifier分杂机refinery炼油厂rust铁锈safeguard维护，保护措施black-out全船停电booster pump增压泵gasway气道in parallel并联in series串联residual fuel渣油fuel oil燃油diesel oil柴油daily service tank日用柜viscosity粘度preheater预热supply pump驳运泵maintenance维护setting point倾点water content水分cleaerate放气flash point闪点specific gravity比重valve seat阀座bar大气压filter滤器非专业词汇：component元件，构件consumption消费量conventional常规的delivery传递，输送provided倘若irrespective不考虑的Lesson5 central cooling water system专业词汇：Chest 箱，柜deaeration除气malfunction故障scoop收集器，吸入口standstill停车thermostatic恒温的by-pass旁通管expansion tank 膨胀水箱volume体积alarm device 报警装置shipyard船厂非专业词汇：Accomodate 收容，装有additional另外的alternatively备用地integrate使成整体，结合Lesson 6Reservoir 容器Drainage 放残Interlock 连锁Non-return vavle 单向阀Pilot air 控制空气Pneumatic 气动Vent 放气Ahead/astern 进车/倒车Deposit 沉积物Ignite 点燃Flame trap 阻焰口Relief vavle 安全阀Bursting cap 防爆门Fusible plug 易熔塞Air distribution 空气分配器Engage/disengage 啮合/脱离Humidity 湿度Suck in 吸收Isolate 隔离Manoeuvre 操纵，机动Provision 备件Reluctant 冗余的Drawn from 来自Stringent 严格的Bore 孔Correspond 相应的Whilst 当什么时候Occurrence 事故Lesson 7Oil film 油膜Neutralize 中和Acidic product 酸性产物Considerable 相当多的Resist oxidation 抗氧化Wear detritus 磨削Total loss system 不回收系统Circulating system 循环系统Line wall 气缸壁Piston ring belt 活塞环带Carry Out 实现完成Quill 注油针阀Residual fule 渣油Corrosive 腐蚀的Lacquer 漆Alkalinity 碱Detergency 去垢能力Property 性质Rupture 破裂Crack 裂纹Slump 油底壳In duplicate 双联Level guage 液位表Drain tank 循环柜Impinge 射到Counteract 克服Impart 给予Reversal 相反的=Lesson 8Naturally aspiration 自然换气Exhaust gas turbocharging 废气涡轮增压Induce 参与Manifold 总管Volumetric efficiency 容积效率Turbine blade 增压机压片Adjacent 邻近的Swirl 漩涡Opposed piston 对置活塞Constant pressure system 定压增压Pulse system 脉动增压Thermal loads 热负荷Cross flow scavenge 横流扫去i Loop flow scavenge 回流增压Uniflow scavenge 直流扫气Blower 鼓风机Simplify 简化Lesson 10Thrust 推力Intermediate shaft 中间轴承Tail shaft 尾轴承Sterntube 尾轴管Cone 螺旋桨轴帽Mounte 安装Integral/independent 整体式/独立式Cate for 满足Shock load 冲击性负荷Thrust block 推力块Fitted bolt 紧固螺栓Bearing pad 承压块Pivot 支点，枢轴Tilt 倾斜Thrust Collar 推力环Oil scraper 刮油器Fabricate 铸造Aftermost tunnel bearing 尾轴管轴承Jounal bush 轴瓦Oil thrower ring 甩油环Gland 机械密封Outboard/inboard 舷外/内Stuffing box 填料箱Bulkhead 舱壁Lip seal 唇封Radial seal 径向密封Mate 配对Ingot steel 钢锭Taper 变细Fixed pitch propeller 定距桨Controlallable pitch propeller 变距浆Static 静态Dynamic 动态Lesson11直径Diameter半径radius孔，镗孔bore 行程stroke 平均有效压力MEP平均活塞速度mean piston speed 比燃油消耗率SFOC共轨common rail传统的conventionl 可用的available电磁阀magnetic valve/ solenoid valve 可靠性reliability耐用性durability精确地precisely精确的precise灵活地flexibly消耗consumption优化的optimized排放mission机动性maneuverability大修over hauls烟灰soot变量，可变的variable备份back-upLesson15轴向的axial离心的centrifugal水库，水柜reservoir安全阀relief valve容积volume排出的delivery排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve空气室air vessel椭圆的elliptical螺杆screw双作用double acting往复泵reciprocating displacement pump 自吸self-priming维护，保养maintenance放残draining回转式容积泵rotary displacement pump 程序procedure轴封shaft sealing密封装置packing arrangement磨蚀abrasive腐蚀corrosive叶轮impeller外围periphery填料箱式packed gland转子element机械轴封mechanical seal耦合室coupling spacer紧tight导轮diffuser套筒drum串联in seriesLesson10Transmission SystemThrust shaft推力轴Intermediate shaft 中间轴Tail shaft 尾轴Thrust block推力轴承Thrust collar 推力环Lip seal 唇形密封Head tanker高置油箱Thread 螺纹Back press背压Boss 桨Pitch 螺距Radial face seal 径向面密封Fixed pitch propeller定距桨Stern tube bearing 尾轴管轴承Controllable pitch propeller变距桨Bearing pad 推力块Integral 完整的Cone 锥形物推冒Rudder 舱Hull 壳体Fitted blot 紧配螺栓Pivot 支点Tilt 使倾斜Scraper 刮油器Cascade 分布Fabricate 焊接Aftermost 靠近船尾Bush 轴瓦Tunnel 轴遂Thrower ring 甩油环Dip 浸入Lignum vitae铁梨木Timber 纤维Axial 轴向的Radial 径向的Stuffing box填料箱Helicoidat 螺旋面Blad 桨叶Rigid 刚性的Cascade 倾泻Lesson11 A leap in technology for marine enginesMagnetic valve 电磁阀Part load 低负荷Emission 排放Strock 行程Mean piston speed 活塞平均速度SFOC燃油消耗率Bore 缸孔Coastal 海岸的Diminish 使减少Dredger 挖泥船Leap 飞跃Optimal 最理想的Optimize 使最优化Precise 精确的Vital 至关重要的Back up 备份Lesson12 ME EnginesActuator 执行器Boester 升压器Diognostics 诊断Governor 调速器Hydraulic 水力的Inclination 倾斜Mechatronic 机械电子的Mesh 网孔Momentum 动力Proprietary 专利的Servo 伺服Counterpart对应物LESSON13 marine boilera and their constructionAttemperator 保温装置Casing 包装Conrection 传送对流Downcomer 下水道Furnace 炉子Gastight 不漏气Mounting 设备Propulsion 推力推进力Spherical 球型的Tangent 接触的Refractory lining耐火Saturated steam 饱和蒸汽Steam generation 蒸发Lesson14boiler mountings management and maitentBilge 舱底Condensate 冷凝物Bulge 不规则突起Detritus 碎石Dislodge 驱逐Fracture 破裂Friable 易碎的、Gauge 测量Periodically 优先的Salinity 盐分Sludge 淤泥Sample connection 取样口Soot blower 吹灰口Steam trap 凝气口Lesson15 marine pumpAxial flow pump 轴流泵Screw displacement pump 螺杆泵Displacement pump 容积式泵Peciprdate 螺杆泵Impeller 叶轮Volute 蜗壳Pump element 泵转子Priming umit引水单元Self-priming自吸Multi-stage多级Vane 叶片Wearing ring 承磨环Suction pipe 引入管NPSH汽蚀余量Configuration 构造Equilibrium平衡Pipe work 管系Alternately 交替的Valve arrangement阀组Air vessel空气室Dampen 减弱Vaper 水蒸气Entrained 引入空气Seizure 卡住Ridge凸台Erratically 不稳定Ground in 研磨Nesh 啮合Abrasive 磨蚀的Covrosive 腐蚀的Strip 拆开Bracket 支架Diffuser 导轮Coupling spacer耦合室Reservoir 储存器Lesson16marine refrigerationRefrigerant 冷剂Condenser 冷凝器Sub-cooled过冷Super heat 过热Evaporator 蒸发器Liquid receiver 储液器Drier 干燥器Unloading gear 卸载机构Hermetic 封闭的Semi-hermetic 半封闭的Oxide 氧化Brine 盐水Carbon dioxide二氧化碳Compact 紧凑的Bulb 湿包Fin 肋板Pass over 在上面流过Pass through 在里面穿过Ventilation 通风Solenoid valve 电磁阀Sub—devided 细分Rotor 螺杆Star wheel 星形轮Pitch 倾斜Fan 风机Coin 盘管Hunt 震荡Baffce 挡板Solenoid 螺线管Elastomer 弹性体Lesson17 marine refrigeration management and fault diagnosisLeak detector lamp检漏灯Concentration 浓度Liquid hammer水击Oil hammer油击Surplus 过多的Up right 直立Inclined 倾斜Violet 紫色Pale blue淡蓝Symptom 症状Press differential rely压差继电器Parge valve 放气阀Service valve 检修阀Duct 管子Under charge 冷剂不足Gauge 压力表Stem 阀杆Purge 放出Ascertain 确定Lesson20 Air Conditioning systemClimatic condition 气候条件Sufficient 足够充分Relative humidity 相对湿度Percentage 百分数Ratio 比例Vapor pressure蒸汽压力Absorb 吸收Heat source 热源Criculate 循环Renewal 补充Consume 消耗Single duct system 单风管系统Volume 容积Flexible 灵活性Tendency 趋势Incurs 引起Fabricated standard duct 预制标准尺寸风管Air terminals lined 空气终端管路Sound insulation material 隔音材料Centrifugal fan 离心式风机Driect expansion 直接膨胀Hermetic 气密的Thermostat 温度传感器Pnenmatic 气动型Capacity 载荷Stuffiness 不通风的Interval 每隔Grease 润滑Axial flow fan 轴流式风机Slight variation 微调Extreme weather 热带气候Tropical condition温和条件Intermediate weather极端天气Lesson19 Bilge Water Treatment SystemBilge water 舱底水Definition 定义Scope 范围Merely 仅仅Intermittent 断续Predictable 可预测Foresee 预见Soot water 吹灰冲洗水Leakage 泄露Detergent 洗涤剂Cat fine 催化粉末Soot 灰分Primary 第一级Particle 颗粒Portion 空间Emulsified 被乳化Organic solvent 有机溶剂Sludge 渣Nautical miles 海里Desposal 排放Legislation 立法Ecosystem 生态系统Constraints 约束Compactness 结构紧凑Droplet 滴Buoyancy 浮力Disperse 分散Immiscible 不融合的Shear 剪力Robust 耐用Adsorbent 吸附剂Polisher 洁油单元Zeolite 硅酸盐Capacity 能力Salinity 盐度Polymeric 聚合体Ultimate 根本上Primary 最初的Cross—flow membrane 横流膜Predicte 预期Filtration system 反渗透超滤系统Lesson20 Garbage Management and Biological Sewage TreatmentClinker 渣块Refuse 废物Dunnage 垫舱物料Crockery 陶器Comminute 粉碎Incinerator 焚烧炉Discharge 排出Authorize 批准In principle 原则上Engage 从事Comply 遵守Prescribe 规定Regulator 调节器Extended aeration process 充分曝气过程Bubbling 气泡Agitating 搅拌Bacteria 细菌Propagate 繁殖Thrives 兴旺Innocuous 无害的BOD生物需氧量Aerobic 好氧的Anaerobic 厌氧的。
发动机专业英语
发动机专业英语一、Engine construction发动机构造1. rocker arm cover 摇臂罩2. valve rocker arm 气门摇臂3. camshaft 凸轮轴4. camshaft drive 凸轮轴驱动轮5.spark plug lead 火花塞导线6. timing belt cover 正时皮带罩7. valve spring 气门弹簧8. poppet valve 菌形气门9. piston 活塞10. connecting rod 连杆11. timing belt 正时皮带12. combustion chamber 燃烧室13. cylinder block 汽缸体14. water jacket 水套15. oil filter 机油滤清器16. flywheel 飞轮17. ring gear 齿圈18.oil gage 机油标尺19. oil pan/sump 油底壳20. crankshaft 曲轴21. drain plug 放油孔塞22. v-belt pulley V型皮带轮二、Essential term基本术语1. cylinder diameter 汽缸直径2. piston stroke 活塞行程3. crank radius 曲轴半径4. piston displacement 活塞排量5. compression chamber volume 压缩室容积6. total cylinder volume 总汽缸容积7. top dead center 上止点8. bottom dead center 下止点三、Engine operation principle 发动机工作原理3.1. Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理1. intake stroke 进气行程2. compression stroke 压缩行程3. expansion stroke 膨胀行程4. exhaust stroke 排气行程5. combustible mixture 可燃混合气6. intake valve 进气门7. spark plug 火花塞8. exhaust valve 排气门9. exhaust gas 废气3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理1. intake stroke 进气行程2. compression stroke 压缩行程3. expansion stroke 膨胀行程4. exhaust stroke 排气行程5. intake 进气6. compression 压缩7. combustion 燃烧8. expansion 膨胀9. exhaust 排气10. air 空气11. injector 喷油器12. exhaust gas 废气3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine op eration principle二冲程汽油机工作原理1. combustible mixture 可燃混合气2. inlet port 进气口3. crankcase 曲轴箱4. precompressed mixture 预压混合气5. transfer canal 输气道6. intake port 进气口7. exhaust port 排气口8. exhaust gas 废气9. spark plug 火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine oper ation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理1. air 空气2. blower pump 扫气泵3. precompressed air 预压空气4. air chamber 空气室5. inlet port 进气口6. injector 喷油器7. exhaust valve 排气门8. exhaust gas 废气四、Engine performance发动机性能1. fixed throttle characteristics 速度特性2. part throttle characteristics 负荷特性3. engine speed 转速4. torque 扭矩5. horsepower 功率6. specific（特效药、详细的精确的） fuel consumption 燃油消耗率五．Crank connecting rodmechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1 Cylinder block 机体组1. cylinder block 汽缸体2. cylinder liner 汽缸套3. cylinder bearing surface 汽缸套表面4. cylinder head 汽缸盖发动机5. inlet manifold mountingflange 进气歧管凸缘6. oil inlet hole 加油孔7. cylinder head cover 汽缸盖罩8. cylinder head gasket 汽缸盖衬垫9. oil filter mounting flange 机油滤清器凸缘10. ventilating pipe mounting seat 通风管座11. cylinder block stiffeningrib 汽缸体加强肋12. rear main bearing cover 后主轴承罩13. main bearing cap 主轴承盖14. oil sump pan gasket 油底壳衬垫15. oil sump/pan 油底壳16. fuel pump mountingflange 燃油泵凸缘17. ignition distributor mounting f lange 分电器凸缘18. camshaft bearing bushseat 凸轮轴轴承座19. camshaft drive(gear)cover 凸轮轴驱动齿轮罩20. cylinder head covergasket 汽缸盖罩衬垫5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组1. connecting rod shank 连杆杆身2. connecting rod small end 连杆小头3. connecting rod bushing 连杆衬套4. spring clip 弹簧卡环5. piston pin 活塞销6. piston head 活塞头部7. piston ring groove 活塞环槽8. compression ring 压缩环9. oil scraper ring 油环10. piston skirt 活塞裙部11. piston pin boss 活塞销座12. connecting rod bearing halfsh ell 连杆轴瓦13. connecting rod cap 连杆螺栓14. connecting rod cap 连杆大头盖15. Connecting rod end 连杆大头5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组1. crankshaft front end 曲轴前端2. front main journal 前主轴颈3. oil passage hole 机油孔4. crank pin 曲柄销5. crank web 曲柄臂6 counterweight 平衡重7 crankshaft collar 曲轴后端凸缘8 flywheel 飞轮9 flywheel gear ring 飞轮齿圈10 flywheel lock plate 飞轮锁片11 clutch shaft bearing 离合器轴轴承12 main bearing halfshell(upper,lo wer) 主轴承（上、下）轴瓦13 crankshaft thrust halfring 曲轴止推片14 bearing tang 轴瓦定位凸键六、Valve mechanism配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 cam 凸轮3 tappet 气门挺杆4 side valve 侧置气门5 crankshaft timing gear 曲轴正时齿轮6 camshaft gear-wheel 凸轮轴齿轮7 gear drive 齿轮传动6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 camfollower 凸轮顶杆3 push rod 推杆4 adjuster 调整螺钉5 rocker shaft 摇臂轴6 rocker shaft 摇臂7 valve spring 气门弹簧8 valve 气门9 valve 气道10 combustion chamber 燃烧室6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门1 camshaft front bearing 凸轮轴前轴承2 valve head 气门头3 valve stem 气门杆4 tappet 挺筒5 lower valve spring collar 气门弹簧下环6 outer valve spring 外气门弹簧7 valve guide 气门导管8 inner valve spring 内气门弹簧9 shielding cap 护帽10 oil flinger 油封11 upper valve spring collar 气门弹簧上环12 valve split cone 气门锁片13 closer 螺塞14 rocker shaft 摇臂轴15 rocker arm 摇臂16 rocker bracket 摇臂支座17 retaining washer 定位摇臂18 thrust washer 止推摇臂19 rocker adjusting screw 摇臂调整螺钉20 push rod 推杆21 camshaft rear bush 凸轮轴后轴承22 camshaft 凸轮轴23 camshaft center bush 凸轮轴中间轴承承承承24 cam 凸轮25 oil pump driving gear 机油泵驱动齿轮6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图1 TDC（top dead center）上止点2 BDC(bottom dead center) 下止点3 intake opens 进气门开4 intake close 进气门关5 exhaust opens 排气门开6 exhaust closes 排气门关7 direction of rotation 旋转方向七、Gasoline engine-fuel s ystem汽油机供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵1 fuel level gauge 油面指示表2 air cleaner 空气滤清器3 carburetor 化油器4 inlet manifold 进气歧管5 exhaust manifold 排气歧管6 fuel pump 汽油泵7 fuel filter 汽油滤清器8 exhaust silencer 排气消声器9 fuel pipe 油管10 fuel tank 汽油箱7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器1 intake tube 进气管2 deflector knob 导流旋扭3 air deflector 空气导流器4 cleaner body 滤清器壳5 butterfly nut 蝶形螺帽6 filter cover 滤清器盖7 filter seal ring 滤清器密封环8 cleaner cartridge 滤清器滤芯9 silencer element 消声元件10 crankcase bleed pipe 曲轴箱通风管11 hot air pipe 热空气管7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器1 fuel pump base 汽油泵座2 diaphragm 膜片3 fuel inlet neck 汽油进口4 fuel pump body 汽油泵壳5 filter screen 滤清器网6 bowl cover 泵盖7 fuel feed port 汽油出口8 distance washer 调整间隔垫圈9 diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧10 rocker arm 摇臂11 fulcrum pin 杠杆支点销12 fuel filter 汽油滤清器13 filter body 滤清器壳14 filter cartridge 滤清器滤芯15 glass bowl 玻璃滤杯16 bowl retaining clip 滤杯支承夹7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器1 air cleaner 空气滤清器2 valve needle 针阀3 float 浮子4 nozzle 喷管5 chock tube 喉管6 throttle valve 节气门7 intake manifold 进气歧管8 metering jet 量孔9 float chamber 浮子室10 intake valve 进气门7.5 Carburetor 化油器1 down-draft carburetor 下喷式化油器2 nozzle 喷管3 float chamber 浮子室4 choke tube 喉管5 throttle valve 节气门6 intake manifold 进气歧管7 two-barrel carburetor 双管化油器8 choke tube 喉管9 plug 旋塞10 filter gauze 滤清器金属丝网11 fFuel inlet port 进气门口12 valve seat 阀座13 valve needle 针阀14 float needle valve 浮子针阀15 float pivot pin 浮子销16 float 浮子17 float chamber 浮子室18 accelerator pump 加速泵7.6 Carburetor elements化油器零件1 throttle lever 节气门杆2 pull lever 拉杆3 release lever 放松杆4 throttle valve spindle 节气门轴5 throttle valve 节气门6 main metering jet 主量孔7 idle metering jet 怠速量孔8 accelerator pump discharge noz zle 加速泵输出喷管9 ball valve 球阀10 emulsion pipe 泡沫管11 air jet 空气喷孔12 starting device jet 起动喷孔13 accelerator pump piston 加速泵活塞14 operating cam 操纵凸轮15 accerlerator pump lever 加速泵杆16 adjustable stop 可调限位螺钉7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件1 throttle control lever 节气门操纵杆2 connecting lever rod 连接拉杆3 cable wire 拉索4 connecting adaptor 连接杆5 cable hose 拉索软管6 cable grommet 拉索橡胶圈7 throttle control cablehandle 节气门操纵拉钮8 choke control cablehandle 阻风门操纵拉钮9 pedal lever bracket 踏板拉杆支架10 accelerator pedal 加速踏板11 accelerator pedal hinge 加速踏板铰链12 accelerator pedal mounting bracket 加速踏板安装支架13 flexible boot cap 挠性防尘护套14 roller 滚子15 accelerator pedal lever 加速踏板杠杆16 accelerator pedal return spring加速踏板回位弹簧7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射1 fuel tank 汽油箱2 electric fuel pump 电动汽油泵3 fuel filter 燃油滤清器4 distributor pipe 分油管5 pressure regulator 压力调节器6 electronic control unit 电控单元7 injector 喷油器8 start valve 起动阀9 idle-speed adjusting screw 怠速调节螺钉10 throttle-valve switch 节气门开关11 throttle valve 节气门12 airflow sensor 空气流量计13 relay 继电器组14 oxygen sensor 氧传感器15 coolant-temperature sensor 冷却液温度传感器16 thermo time switch 温度时间开端17 distributor 分电器18 auxiliary-air device 补充空气阀19 idle-mixture adfustingscrew 怠速混合气调节螺钉20 battery 蓄电池21 ignition starter switch 点火起动开关7.9 Electric fuel pump,Injector 电动汽油泵,喷油器1 inlet 汽油2 relief valve 卸压阀3 roller-cell pump 液子泵4 permanent magnet 永久磁铁5 armature 电枢6 non-return valve 单向阀7 outlet 出油8 fuel inlet 燃油进口9 filter inlet 滤清器10 electrical connection 电插头11 solenoid winding 电磁开关线阀12 return spring 回位弹簧13 solenoid plunger 电磁铁芯14 needle 针阀7.10 Sensor 传感器1 coolant-temperature senor 冷却液温度传感器2 terminal 电接头3 hosing 壳体4 thermistor 热敏电阻5 oxygen sensor 氧传感器6 electrical connector 电连接器7 cover 保护管8 body 传感器体9 shield over element 保护元件八、Diesel engine-fuel system柴油机供油系8.1 Fuel system 供油泵1 fuel tank 柴油箱2 overflow valve 溢油箱4 feed pipe 低压油管5 fuel feed pump 手动输油泵6 fuel feed pump 输油泵7 injection pump 喷油泵8 return pipe 回油管9 pressure pipe 高压油管10 combustion chamber 燃烧室11 injector 喷油器12 exhaust pipe 排气管13 exhaust valve 排气门14 return pipe 排油管15 air cleaner 空气滤清器16 intake pipe 进气管8.2 Combustion chamber 燃烧室1 ω type chamber ω型燃烧室2 ball type chamber 球型燃烧室3 Swirl chamber 涡流室燃烧室4 precombustion chamber 预燃室燃烧室8.3 Injection pump 喷油泵1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 roller tappet 滚轮挺柱3 plunger spring 柱塞弹簧4 plunger 柱塞5 control sleeve 控制套筒6 control rod lack 控制齿条7 inlet port 进油口8 pump cylinder 泵缸9 feeding gallery 进油通道10 delivery valve 出油阀11 pressure pipe adaptor 高压油管接头8.4 Injection 喷油器1 nozzle holder 喷油器体2 fuel inlet passage 进油通道3 leak-off adaptor 漏油接头4 inlet adaptor 进油接头5 leak-off passage 漏油通道6 adjusting shim 调整垫片7 nozzle valve spring 针阀弹簧9 needle valve 针阀10 clearance filter 间隙滤芯11 spring adjusting screw 弹簧调整螺钉8.5 Speed governor 调速器1 accelerator pedal linkage 加速踏板杆件2 operating lever 操纵杆3 control rod link 控制杆连接件4 flyweight 飞块5 floating lever 浮动杠杆6 eccentric shaft 偏心轴九、Exhaust system 排气系统1 bracket 支架2 bracket plate 支板3 exhaust manifold joint 排气歧管接头4 double manifold 双排歧管5 double manifold collar 双排歧管凸缘6 exhaust clip 排气管夹头7 pipe U-bolt 排气管U型螺栓8 flexible support 挠性支座9 front silence 前消声器10 flexible mounting plate 挠性安装板11 distance sleeve 间隔套管12 silencer flexible mounting 消声器挠性安装件13 protecting plate 防护板14 rear silencer 后消声器15 intermediate pipe 中间排气管16 front exhaust pipe 前段排气管17 copper-asbestos gasket 紫铜-石棉垫网十、Turbo-supercharging 蜗轮增压10.1 Turbocharging system 蜗轮增压系统1 inlet port 进气口2 compressor 压气机3 inlet valve 进气门4 exhaust valve 排气门5 turbine 蜗轮6 exhaust port 排气口7 engine 发动机10.2 Turbocharger 蜗轮增压器1 air inlet port 空气进口2 compressor 压气机3 oil supply 润滑油入口4 oil return 润滑油出口5 exhaust gas 废气（柴油机）6 turbine 蜗轮7 exhaust gas 废气（蜗轮）十一、Emission control 排污控制11.1 Emission control system 排污控制系统1 air pump 空气泵2 exhaust pipe 排气管3 air passage 空气通道4 NOx catalytic convertor NOx催化反应器5 HC/CO catalyticconvertor HC/ CO催化反应器6 silencer 消声器7 bypass valve 旁通阀8 engine 发动机11.2 Catalytic convertor 催化转化器1 catalyst 催化剂颗粒2 internal pipe 内筒3 housing 外筒4 shell 壳体5 heat insulating material 绝热材料6 high temperature sensor 高温传感器7 silencer 消声器8 exhaust pipe 排气管十二、Engine-cooling system发动机冷却系12.1 Water cooling system 水冷系1 radiator 散热器2 radiator bottom tank 散热器下贮水室3 radiator core 散热器芯4 radiator top tank 散热器上贮水室5 fan 风扇6 water jacket 水套7 overflow pipe 溢流管8 drain plug 放水阀9 thermostat 节温器10 thermostat main valve 节温器主阀11 thermostat flexible bellows 节温器挠性波纹管12 thermostat bypass valve 节温器旁通管12.2 Radiator 传感器1 bottom radiator pipe 散热器出水软管2 radiator cowl 散热器罩3 top radiator cowl 散热器进水软管4 blind cable 百页窗拉索5 radiator filter 散热器加水口6 radiator shutter 散热器百页窗7 radiator filter cap 散热器加水口盖8 vacuum relief valve 真空安全阀9 pressure relief valve 减压阀10 filter sealing plate 加水口密封板11 radiator roller blind 散热器滚筒式百页帘12 overflow pipe 溢流管12.3 Fan,water pump 风扇，水泵1 fan blade 风扇叶片2 fan hub 风扇毂3 fan belt 风扇皮带4 fan pulley 风扇皮带轮5 shaft bearing 水泵轴承6 pump body 泵体7 water main inlet port 进水口8 water bypass inlet neck 旁通进水口9 self-adjusting seal unit 自动调节密封件10 pump impeller 水泵叶轮11 pump cover 泵盖12 cover gasket 泵盖衬垫13 water outlet port 出水口14 fan and pump shaft 风扇与水泵轴12.4 Air cooling system 风冷系1 blower 风扇2 blower-casing 风扇外壳3 reactor 定子叶轮4 reactor blade 定子叶片5 cooling air 冷却空气6 air cooled cylinder head 风冷汽缸盖7 deflector 导向叶片8 cylinder head fin 气缸盖肋片9 cylinder block fin 气缸体肋片10 heating air outlet 热空气出口12 exhaust manifold 排气歧管13 blower pulley 风扇皮带轮14 blower impeller 风扇叶轮15 v-belt V型皮带16 impeller blade 叶轮叶片十三、发动机润滑系Engine-lubrication system13.1 Pressure lubrication 压力润滑1 oil passage 油道2 oil filter tube 加油管3 oil filter cap 加油管盖4 bypass oil cleaner 分流式机油滤清器5 oil pressure sensor 油压传感器6 dipstick 油标尺7 oil drain hole 放油孔8 oil strainer 机油集滤器9 oil pressure relief valve 机油限压阀10 oil pump outlet pipe 机油泵出油管11 centrifugal oil cleaner 离心式机油滤清器12 gear chain lubrication jet 齿轮链条润滑喷孔13 gear chain lubrication passage 齿轮链条润滑油道14 main pressure oil passage 主油道13.2 Oil pump 机油泵1 oil pressure relief valve spring 限压阀弹簧2 oil pressure reliefvalve ball 限压阀钢球3 oil pump cover plate 机油泵盖板4 oil pump gear 机油泵齿轮5 oil pump body 机油泵壳体6 driving shaft pilot sleeve 驱动轴导套7 oil pump driving shaft 机油泵驱动轴8 oil pump driving gear 机油泵驱动齿轮9 oil inlet pipe 进油管10 lock washer 止锁垫圈11 oil suction pipe joint 进油管接头12 oil strainer cover 机油集滤器盖13 screen strainer 滤网14 oil strainer bottom 机油集滤器底版13.3 Oil cleaner 机油滤清器1 handle 手柄3 filter shaft 滤清器轴4 filter cover 滤清器盖5 thrust plate 压板6 filtering disc 滤片7 distance disc 隔片8 filtering element bolt 滤清元件螺栓9 thrust washer 止推垫圈10 filter body 滤清器壳体11 drain plug 放油塞12 cleaning edges 滤清肋片13 cleaning edges spindle 滤清肋片芯轴14 filter cover base 滤清器支座15 pressure relief valve 限压阀16 filter cover bolt 滤清器盖螺栓17 cartridge 滤芯13.4 Oil cooling radiator 机油散热器1 radiator core 散热器芯子2 stiff pipe 硬管3 stiff pipe shackle 硬管夹架4 oil inlet hose 进油软管5 T-pipe T型管6 shut-off cock 旋塞开关7 connecting pipe 接头8 oil outlet host 出油软管十四、发动机点火系Engine-ignition system14.1 Ignition system 点火系1 battery 蓄电池2 ignition switch 点火开关3 coil 点火线圈4 engine camshaft 发动机凸轮轴5 distributor drive rotates 分电器驱动轴6 contact breaker 继电器触点7 capacitor 电容器8 rotor 转子9 distributor cap 分电器盖10 high tension lead 高压导线11 sparking plug 火花塞12 vehicle frame 车架14.2 Lead battery 铅蓄电池2 cell cover 电池盖3 battery negative terminal 蓄电池负极接头4 cell filler plug 电池加液盖5 battery positiveterminal 蓄电池正极接头6 cell connector 电池连接件7 negative plate 负极板8 separator 隔板9 positive plate 正极板10 sediment space 沉淀区11 cell separator 电池隔板14.3 Ignition coil 点火线圈1 winding insulatinglayer 绕组绝缘涂层2 core insulating tube 铁芯绝缘管3 primary winding 初级线圈4 winding insulation 绕组绝缘层5 clamping ring 夹圈6 magnetic core 磁芯7 primary terminal 初级线圈接线柱8 high-tension leadterminal 高压导线接线柱9 ignition coil head 点火线圈盖10 insulating material 绝缘材料11 supplementary resistor 附加电阻12 magnetic shield 磁屏蔽13 high-tension winding 高压线圈14 core insulator 铁芯绝缘座15 coil case 线圈外壳14.4 Distributor 分电器1 ignition coil cable terminal 点火线圈导线接头2 spark plug cable terminal 火花塞导线接头3 distributor cap 分电器盖4 distributor cap innercontact 分电器盖内触点5 distributor rotor arm 分电臂6 contact arm 触点臂7 breaker fixed contact 断电器固定触点8 breaker spring 断电器弹簧9 breaker plate 断电器底版10 distributor shaft 分电器轴11 distributor case 分电器壳12 cap clamp spring 分电器盖弹簧夹13 manual spark-advanceselector 手动点火提前角选择器14 vacuum spark-advancecontrol 真空式点火提前角调节装置15 centrifugal spark-advance cont rol 离心式点火提前角调节装置16 breaker cam 断电器凸轮17 capacitor 容电器18 lubricating felt 润滑油毡19 carbon contact 碳触头20 contact point 触点21 terminal 接头14.5 Spark plug 火花塞1 spark plug terminal pin 火花塞电极销2 pin insulation 电极销绝缘体3 spark plug insulator 火花塞绝缘体4 spark plug body rim 火花塞壳体凸缘5 spark plug body hexagon 火花塞六角壳体6 spark plug body 火花塞壳体7 center electrode 中心电极8 spark plug thread 火花塞螺纹9 spark gap 火花间隔10 earth electrode 接地电极11 hot plug 热型火花塞12 normal spark plug 标准火花塞13 cold plug 冷型火花塞14 heat conductance way 导热途径14.6 Electronic ignition 电子点火1 magnetic slug 磁铁芯2 magnetic sensor磁性传感器3 magnetic pluse generator（发电机、发生器）磁脉冲发生器4 electronic control unit 电子控制单元5 ignition coil 点火线圈6 vacuum sensor 真空传感器7 flywheel rim 飞轮齿圈8 ignition lock 点火开关9 high-tension distributor 高压分电器10 amplifier 放大器11 throttle valve switch 节气门开关12 reference angle switch 基准角开关13 rotational-speed sensor 转速传感器14 proximity sensor 非接触式传感器15 microprocessor 微处理机十五、发动机起动系Engine-starting system 15.1 Starting system 起动系1 starting switch 起动开关2 contact point 触点3 contact plate 接触盘4 magnetic coil 磁化线圈5 starting breaker 起动断电器6 magnetic core 铁芯。
新版轮机英语unit3_diesel_engine_construction
The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubrication （ 润 滑）, and, in later types（新 型）, has drillings for cooling
water at the uppermost part of
it.
by a cylinder cover, made of a special heat-resistant steel (耐热 钢).
The cover is mounted against a flat
surface at the top of the cylinder liner and located（定位） on the
turned( 机 加 工 的 ， 切 削 ) in the
liners.
In the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box there is a series of openings known as scavenging air ports.
somewhat down in the scavenging
air box, and sealing between the
liner and the top of the scavenging
air box is achieved by the rubber rings （ 橡 胶 圈 ） fitted into the slots （ 缝 ， 狭 槽 ） machine-
Lesson 3
Diesel Engine Construction
理解柴油机的主要固定件 理解柴油机的主要运动件 活塞的冷却
Lesson 3 Combustion Process in Diesel
Lesson 3 Combustion Process in Diesel Engine spontaneous ignition 自燃，自燃点火spontaneous ignition temperature 自燃温度，自燃点火温度heterogeneity n.不（非）均匀性,不同性质,复杂性,异种,异质gaseous mixture 气体混合物diffusion n.扩散, 传播, 漫射disintegrate v.使...分解(蜕变,雾化)spray 射流，喷雾distribute v.分发, 分配, 散布, 分布overlap vt. 重叠，并行，相交，交错homogeneous 均匀的,单一的,同种性commencement of injection 供油始点，喷油始点ignition delay 点火延迟combustion rate=rate of combustion 燃烧率in the absence of 在没有...的情况下,缺少(不在,缺席) uneventful adj. 无重大事件的, 平凡的, 平静无事的vaporize v. (使)蒸发，汽化physical delay 物理延迟(时)chemical delay 化学延迟(时)proceed v.发生，进行discernible adj.可辨别的additive adj.附加的, 加成的, 添加的；n.添加剂；adj.添加的,附加的,加法的heterogeneous adj.不同的，不均匀的stoichiometric 化学计算的stoichiometric mixture 化学计量混合物，理想配比混合气stoichiometric mixture ratio 理想配比混合比，化学计量混合比delay period 延迟周期，滞燃期，燃烧滞后期atm=atmosphere 大气=atmospheric pressure（标准）大气压力cetane number 十六烷值premixed combustion 预混燃烧accumulate v. 积聚, 堆积，积累burning mixture 可燃混合物，燃烧混合物diffusion combustion 扩散燃烧heat transfer rate 换热率，传热率，导热速度heat transfer by radiation 辐射传热smoke level 排烟浓度pre-chamber diesel engine 预燃式柴油机quiescent chamber 无漩涡室heat release rate 放热率quiescent combustion chamber 静气燃烧室Reference:1.Distribution of the fuel, mixing with air, evaporation and diffusion to produce a gaseous mixture and chemical reactions to burn the fuel all have to be accomplished in an extremely short period of time if the engine is to be efficient, thus an engine of 1000 rev/min would have about 10 ms for this sequence of events.2.Fuel on the periphery of a spray usually reaches ignition first and presumably ignition occurs in a region where a mixture near stoichiometric has been achieved. Formulae for ignition delay in CI engine have been obtained, usually on a semi-empirical basis, but differences in engines, in fuel properties, in uncertainties as to actual temperatures and pressures in the engine and wall temperature effects all contribute to make such a calculation rather approximate.3.This last stage, referred to as the tail of combustion, and the previous one, are both characterized by diffusion combustion, with production and combustion of carbon particles and a high rate of heat transfer by radiation.4.The physical and chemical processes proceed continuously from the start of injection. The effects vary because of differences in magnitude rather than of principle.Exercise1.Say whether the statements are true of false, when a statement is false,supply the correct answer.1)The combustion process in diesel engine is homogeneous.2)After injecting from nozzle into combustion chamber, the fuel has enough time for mixing, evaporation before combustion.3)As there has no pressure increase during the ignition delay. It is reasonable to think there is not any chemical reactions during this period.4) The premixed combustion is expected to produce more radiation and carbon.5)The combustion rate of premixed combustion is always higher than that of diffusion combustion.2.Translate the following expressions into English or Chinese.自燃；点火的物理延迟；供油始点；燃烧率；耗油量；传热率；理想配比混合气；十六烷值；预燃式柴油机；扩散燃烧；燃烧分析仪；均匀燃烧；滞燃期；imperfect combustion; subsidiary combustion chamber;quiescent combustion chamber; tail gas; heat transfer by radiation; knocking combustion; wear preventive additive。
U6L3救生艇(1)ppt课件
9
Warming-up
A lifeboat is a small, rigid or inflatable boat carried for
11
A. embarkation [ˌembɑ:'keɪʃn]登艇
B. start engine开启发动机 C. open stop unit打开限位器 D. test boat engine测试救生艇发动机 E. close bottom drain plug塞上艇底排水塞 F. open slip hook in lashing打开用于绑扎的速脱钩 G. remove all protective covers, un-plug battery charger移除所
12
Text
The lifeboats, 5.33m long with a beam of 2.49m, is constructed of glass-reinforced plastic and is totally enclosed [ɪnˈkləʊzd] and self-righting. The lifeboat is made in two sections: the canopy [ˈkænəpi] and the hull. Both sections are bolted [bəʊtɪd] together to form a watertight seal at the hull-to-canopy joint.
座位前后向布置在两侧及中心线上。船员面向彼此 就坐并系上安全带保护自己。
高级值班机工目录
高级值班机工业务目录第一篇机工业务第一章轮机工程第一节轮机安全值班第二节主推进动力装置的操作及运行管理第三节辅助机械的操作及运行管理第四节燃油的管理第五节其他设备的安全操作与管理第二章船舶电气第一节电气设备的安全使用和操作第二节触电的原因和预防触电应采取的措施第三章维护与修理第一节轮机日常维护修理工作程序和注意事项第二节油漆、润滑和清洁材料与设备的使用第三节表面清理技术第四节废料安全处置第五节液压工具、测量仪器的应用与维护第四章船舶作业管理与人员管理第一节船用物料管理第二节船舶防污染第三节船舶防污染技术与设备第四节轮机部安全作业注意事项第二篇动力设备操作与金工工艺第五章动力设备操作第一节轮机工程实操项目一机舱监视与报警系统的使用操作实操项目二发电柴油机故障应急操作实操项目三失电应急操作实操项目四船舶主柴油机备车、机动操纵与完车管理实操项目五船舶主柴油机定速后的运行管理实操项目六燃油加装时的操作与管理实操项目七燃油驳运时的操作与管理实操项目八舱底水系统的操作与运行管理实操项目九压载水系统的操作与运行管理实操项目十液压甲板机械的启动与停用实操项目十一液压系统的日常管理第二节电气、电子和控制工程实操项目十二发电机手动准同步并车、并联运行发电机组的负荷转移及分配、发电机组的解列第三节维护与修理实操项目十三通用工具实操项目十四专用工具实操项目十五量具第四节防污染设备实操项目十六油水分离器的操作与管理实操项目十七生活污水处理装置的操作和运行管理实操项目十八焚烧炉的操作和运行管理第六章金工工艺第一节车工工艺实操项目一卡盘、量具、刻度盘的使用以及刀具的磨制、车刀安装实操项目二车削台阶轴实操项目三车削锥体实操项目四车削螺纹柱第二节钳工工艺实操项目五钳工夹具、量具的使用实操项目六方块铁画线、钻孔、攻丝实操项目七方块铁錾切、锯割、锉削实操项目八螺栓拆卸与紧固实操项目九轴承的装卸实操项目十螺纹表面修复与断节螺栓的拆卸实操项目十一螺帽加工第三节电气焊工艺实操项目十二钢板平对接焊实操项目十三管子对接焊实操项目十四管板垂直角焊实操项目十五补焊实操项目十六钢板平对接焊实操项目十七管子对接焊实操项目十八气割附录1 MARPOL 73／78六个附则附录2 防污染法规参考文献高级值班机工英语目录Unit 1 Ship's Main Propulsion PlantLesson 1 A Brief Introduction to the Marine Diesel EnginesLesson 2 Diesel Engine ConstructionLesson 3 Main Diesel Engine Fuel Oil SystemLesson 4 Main Diesel Engine Lubricating SystemLesson 5 Main Diesel Engine Cooling Water SystemLesson 6 Main Diesel Engine Starting SystemUnit 2 Marine Auxiliary MachineryLesson 7 Marine BoilersLesson 8 Marine Pumps (A)Lesson 9 Marine Pollution Prevention EquipmentLesson 10 Oil SeparatorLesson 11 Deck Machinery (A)Unit 3 Marine Engineering ManagementLesson 12 Stand by Engine and Finished with EngineLesson 13 Safety Precaution on Working in Machinery SpaceLesson 14 Basic Knowledge of Fire and ExplosionLesson 15 Marine Emergency Arrangement and EquipmentLesson 16 BunkeringLesson 17 Lube Oil, Stores and Spare PartsUnit 4 International Conventions and RegulationsLesson 18 STCW Convention (A)Lesson 19 MARPOL Convention (A)Lesson 20 SOLAS Convention (A)Lesson 21 ISM Code (A)Lesson 22 ISPS Code (A)Lesson 23 ILO ConventionLesson 24 PSC Inspection (A)Unit 5 Watchkeeping and Engine Room LogbookLesson 25 Engine Room WatchkeepingLesson 26 Engine Room LogbookKey to ExercisesReferences高级值班机工英语听力与会话目录Unit 1 Daily EnglishLesson 1 Daily EnglishPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsLesson 2 Common terms on boardPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 2 Daily Engine Room BusinessLesson 3 Main Engine System OperationPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsLesson 4 Auxiliary Machinery Operation(I)Part I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsLesson 5 Auxiliary Machinery Operation(II)Part I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsLesson 6 Auxiliary Machinery Operation(III)Part I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 3 Communication with BridgeLesson 7 Stand by EnginePart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 4 EmergenciesLesson 8 Emergency Situation(I)Part I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsLesson 9 Emergency Situation(II)Part I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 5 BunkeringLesson 10 BunkeringPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 6 PSC InspectionLesson 11 Port State Control InspectionPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 7 ISM/ISPS InspectionLesson 12 ISM/ISPS InspectionPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 8 Engine Room MaintenanceLesson 13 Engine Room MaintenancePart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsKey to ExercisesAppendixReferences（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
Lesson3_Diesel_Engine_Construction
Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction （１）The BedplateThe bedplate (Fig.7a) is the foundation on which the 2-stroke engine is built. It must be rigid enough to support the weight of the rest of the engine, and maintain the crankshaft, which sits in the bearing housings in the transverse girders, in alignment. At the same time it must be flexible enough to hog and sag with the foundation plate to which it is attached and which forms part of the ship’s structure.If the bedplate was too rigid, then as the hull flexed, the holding down bolts, which secure the engine into the ship would be likely to break, and there would be a danger of the bedplate cracking.Basically the bedplate consists of two longitudinal girders, which run the length of the engine. Connecting these longitudinal girders are the transverse girders, which are positioned between each crankshaft throw, and either side of the thrust collar. Built into the transverse girders are the main bearing pockets for the crankshaft to run in.(1)(a) (b)Fig.7The A-FramesThe A -Frames (Fig. 7b) carry the crosshead guides and support the engine entablature (the cylinder block). On large engines, the A-frames are individually erected on the bedplate directly above the transverse girders. When boxed in with plating they form the crankcase. The trend nowadays is to build the frame box as a separate fabricated construction and then, after stress relieving and machining the mating surfaces, to mount it on the bedplate. This has the advantage of saving weight.(2)When the frames are aligned on the bed-plate they are secured together by drilling and reaming and using fitted bolts.The tie rodsTo hold the bed-plate, frames and entablature firmly together in compression, and to transmit the firing forces back to the bedplate, long tie bolts ( Fig. 8a) are fitted through these three components and then tightened hydraulically. To prevent excessive bending moments in the transverse girders, the tie bolts are positioned as close to the center of the crankshaft as possible. Because the tie bolts are so close to the crankshaft, some engines employ jack bolts to hold the crankshaft main bearing cap in position instead of conventional studs and nuts.(3)(a) (b)Fig. 8The crankshaftThe crankshafts on the large modern 2-stroke crosshead engines can weigh over 300 tons. They are too big to make as a single unit and so are constructed by joining together individual forgings.(4)On older engines the so-called fully built method was used. This consisted of forging separate webs, crankpins and main journals. The crankpins and journals were machined and matching holes bored in the webs, which were slightly smaller in diameter. The webs were heated up and the crankpins and journals fitted into the holes (which due to the heat had expanded in size). As the webs cooled down, so the diameter of the bored holes would try and shrink back to their original size. In doing so, the crankpins and journals would be gripped tightly enough to stop them being able to slip when the engine was being operated normally.Today, crankshafts for large 2-stroke crosshead engines are of the semi built type. In this method of construction the crankshaft "throws" consisting of two webs and the crankpin are made from a single forging of a 0.4% carbon steel. The webs are bored to take the separately forged and machined main journals which are fitted into the webs using the shrink fitting method described above. The shrink fit allowance is between 1/570 and 1/660 of the diameter. The advantages of this method of construction is that by making the two webs and crankpin from a single forging the grain flow in the steel follows the web round into the crankpin and back down the other web.(5)The connecting rodThe Connecting Rod (Fig.8b) is fitted between the crosshead and the crankshaft. It transmits the firing force, and together with the crankshaft converts the reciprocating motion to a rotary motion.(6)Connecting Rods on the later engines are produced as a single drop forging incorporating the top half of the crankpin bearing housing and the bottom half of the solid crosshead pin bearing housing. On older engines the bearings were white metal thick wall bearings, scraped to fit. Clearances were adjusted by inserting or removing shims between the bearing halves. Modern bearings are of the "thin-wall" type, where a thin layer of white metal or a tin aluminum alloy is bonded to a steel shell backing.(7)New Words and Expressionsfoundation n. 基础rigid adj.坚固的transverse adj.横向的girder n.梁flexible adj. 柔性的hog v.使拱曲，上拱sag v.下沉，下陷flex v. 弯曲并伸展holding down bolts底脚螺栓，地脚螺栓longitudinal adj.纵向的thrust collar 推力环individually adv.独立地erect v. 建立，竖立fabricated adj. 锻造的ream v.铰孔jack bolts撑杆螺栓grip v.紧握，抓紧Notes to the text1.Built into the transverse girders are the main bearing pockets for the crankshaft to run in.制造在横梁上的是主轴承座，供曲轴转动。
大学英语Lesson 3 Engine Constructions
• The most popular of them are shown on the above. In-line engines have their cylinders arranged in a row. The "V" arrangement uses two banks of cylinders side-by-side and is commonly used in V-6, V-8, V-10 and V12 configurations. Flat engines use two opposing banks of cylinders and are less common than the other two designs. Flat engines are also used in some Ferraris with 12 cylinders.
• Power The spark plug fires, igniting the compressed air-fuel mixture which produces a powerful expansion of the vapor. The combustion process pushes the piston down the cylinder with great force turning the crankshaft to provide the power to propel the vehicle.
• A cylinder head is bolted to the top of each bank of cylinders to seal the individual cylinders and contain the combustion process that takes place inside the cylinder. Most cylinder heads are made of cast aluminum or cast iron. The cylinder head contains at least one intake valve and one exhaust valve for each cylinder.
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Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction (1)第3 课柴油机结构(1)Bedplate and Frame机座和机架The bedplate, which in most cases is of the welded design, is bolted to the seating which forms a part of the double bottom of the ship.在大多数情况下机座是焊接结构，用螺栓固定在构成船舶双层底的底座上。
It is secured in the transverse direction by means of bolts known as side-chock bolts and in longitudinal direction by means of end-chock bolts.它在横向借助于侧楔垫螺栓，在纵向借助于端楔垫螺栓固定。
The crankshaft rests in bearings built into cross girders of the bedplate. These bearings, known as main bearings曲轴安放在机座横梁的轴承上，这些轴承称作主轴承。
each consists of two shells which are supported in housings machined in the bedplate and secured by means of studs and bearing caps每个轴承由两块轴瓦组成，两块轴瓦由在机座上加工出的瓦座支撑，用双头螺栓和轴承盖固定The thrust block or thrust bearing, located at the aft end of the engine, may be integral with, or separate from the bedplate.即推力轴承位于发动机的尾部，可同机座制成一体，也可同机座分开。
On the flat upper surface of the bedplate are arranged a number of A-shaped frames or entablatures which may be manufactured of cast iron or fabricated steel. The frames are mounted on and bolted to the bedplate cross girders.在机座上平面装有若干铸铁或锻钢制成的A形机架，机架安装在机座的横梁上，并用螺栓固定。
At the top of the A-frames there is a strong cast iron frame called the scavenging air boxA 形机架顶部有一个结实的框架结构叫扫气箱which is built of a number sections provided with vertical flanges enabling them to be bolted together to form a block for 1-3 cylinders in front of the chain transmission, and a block with 4-6 cylinders aft of the chain transmission.该扫气箱分若干段，每段均带有垂直法兰，通过螺栓可将它们在链传动装置前1~3 缸的部分连成一体，链传动装置后4 缸~6 缸的部分连成一体。
The chain transmission, forming the connection between the crankshaft and the camshaft, is enclosed in a cast iron casing known as the chain drive casing.链传动装置将曲轴和凸轮轴连在一起，封闭在链传动箱的壳体内。
Cylinders and covers气缸和气缸盖On top of scavenging air box is mounted strong cast iron frame for each cylinder.在扫气箱上部，每个气缸装有一个坚固的铸铁框架。
These frames are known as cylinder blocks or cooling jackets, which are provided with vertical flanges enabling them to be bolted together in the foremost and aftmost groups in the same way as the scavenging air boxes.这些框架称作气缸体或冷却水套，并带有垂直法兰，与扫气箱一样，可用螺栓将各框架连成首尾一组。
The bedplate, frames and cylinder blocks are secured together by long tie-rods toachieve a greater rigid construction with less deformation in service and lower vibration.机座、机架和气缸体用长贯穿螺栓连到一起，形成一个较大的坚实结构，减少了使用时产生的变形及振动。
The cylinder liners are made of alloyed cast iron and the cylinder surfaces are sometimes chromium-plated.气缸套由铸铁制造，缸套表面有时镀铬。
The cylinder liners are extend somewhat down in the scavenging air box气缸套有些向下延伸到扫气箱and sealing between the liner and the top of the scavenging air box is achieved by the rubber rings fitted into the slots machine-turned in the liners.缸套与扫气箱顶部的密封由橡胶圈实现，橡胶圈安装在缸套上切削的环槽内。
In the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box there is a series of openings known as scavenging air ports.在气缸套伸入扫气箱内的部位有一列开口就是所谓的扫气口。
These ports are located at such a height that they are just exposed by the upper edge of the piston when the piston is in the bottom dead-centre position.气口的高度是这样布置的，当活塞位于下止点时，活塞上缘刚好打开气口。
The ports are drilled in the liners at an angle of approx. 20°, the result being that the scavenging air is given a rotary movement.气口在缸套上以大约200的倾角钻成，其结果是使扫气旋转。
Each cylinder is closed at the top by a cylinder cover, made of a special heat-resistant steel, the cover is mounted against a flat surface at the top of the cylinder liner and located on the liner by means of a machine-turned guide edge.缸盖装在缸套顶部的平面上，并由机械加工的凸肩定位。
密封圈嵌入在缸盖锥形部分车削的环槽中。
A sealing ring is inserted in a groove turned in the conical part of the cover. The fitting of the sealing ring in the conical surface must be carried out with great care. The cylinder covers and the liners are bolted together by means of studs screwed onto the cylinder frames.将密封圈嵌入锥形面时必须十分小心。
气缸盖和气缸套用旋入缸体中的双头螺栓固定。
The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubrication, and, in later types, has drillings for cooling water at the uppermost part of it.缸套上有钻孔，用于润滑，新型的缸套在其最上部钻孔用于冷却。
In each cylinder cover is a large central opening for mounting the exhaust valve, and two or three holes for the fuel valves.每个缸盖上有一个大型的中心孔，用于安装排气阀，还有两到三个用于装喷油器The cylinder cover is also provided with holes for: the starting valve; the safety valve; the indicator cock; the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet to the exhaust valve cooling chamber.还有些孔用来安装起动阀、安全阀、示功阀，以及排气阀冷却水腔的进出口。