语法：过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词在英语语法中有着多种用法，其中最常见的方式之一是作为定语和宾语补足语。
本文将详细介绍过去分词在这两个语法角色中的具体应用和特点。
一、过去分词作为定语1. 定义：过去分词作为定语时，用来修饰名词或代词，给出该名词或代词所具备的状态或特征。
2. 形式：过去分词通常由动词的过去分词形式构成，加上适当的前置修饰词，如冠词、指示代词等。
a) A broken cup (一个破碗) - 这里的broken修饰名词cup，表示它的状态是破碎的。
b) The stolen necklace (那条被偷的项链) - 这里的stolen 修饰名词necklace，表示它已经被偷。
a) 过去分词作为定语时，通常放在名词前面。
b) 过去分词作为定语时，与所修饰的名词之间一般是被动或完成的关系。
c) 过去分词作为定语时，可以用来修饰人、物、地点等。
二、过去分词作为宾语补足语1. 定义：过去分词作为宾语补足语时，用来补充说明或修饰及物动词的宾语，指出宾语所具备的状态或经历的动作。
2. 形式：过去分词作为宾语补足语时，通常跟随及物动词或使役动词一起使用。
a) He made me cry (他让我哭了) - 这里的cry作为宾语补足语，说明了宾语me所经历的状态是哭泣。
b) They found the door locked (他们发现门被锁了) - 这里的locked作为宾语补足语，说明了宾语the door的状态是被锁上的。
a) 过去分词作为宾语补足语时，常常与及物动词或使役动词一起构成宾语补足结构。
b) 过去分词作为宾语补足语时，说明了宾语所经历的动作、状态或具备的特征。
本文详细介绍了过去分词作为定语和宾语补足语的用法和特点。
过去分词作为定语时，用来修饰名词或代词，并表示其状态或特征；过去分词作为宾语补足语时，用来补充说明及物动词的宾语的状态或经历的动作。
熟练掌握过去分词的这两种用法，可以帮助我们更准确地表达和理解英语句子的含义。
例析过去分词作定语的用法
例析过去分词作定语的用法过去分词作定语,在语态上,表被动;在时间上,表示动作已经发生或完成,与它所修饰的名词有逻辑(意义)上的动宾关系。
过去分词作定语时,所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语,过去分词相当于谓语。
过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生,已经完成并具有被动意义。
有时也不表示时间性。
下面结合有关例子,分析一下过去分词作定语的用法。
1.过去分词作定语的位置。
过去分词作定语,通常单个的分词作前置定语(但某些表示动作意义的单个过去分词常作后置定语,如collected,discussed,left,questioned,repaired等)分词短语作后置定语。
过去分词短语还可用作非限制性后置定语,放在所修饰的词后,前后用逗号隔开。
例如:Your spoken Englishis quite good.你的口语挺好的。
The English spokenbythat man is hard to understand.那位男子讲的英语很难听懂。
The money collectedhas been sent to that village.筹集到的钱已经送往那个村庄了。
You can move into the house repaired.你可以搬进那栋修好的房屋了。
The computer center,opened last year,is verypopular among the students in this school.去年开放的这个计算机中心,很受这所学校的学生欢迎。
2.某些过去分词(如given,used等)用作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同。
例如:The gold watch given to her is very expensive.送给她的那块金表非常昂贵。
I’m sure that he’ll come to see you at a given time.我肯定他会在某一特定的时候来看望你的。
高中语法 过去分词做定语
B1m2语法过去分词作定语：
1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如：
My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。
2、过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面。
例如：
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
3、如果被修饰的词是something ,nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放
在这些词的后面。
即使一个单一的分词，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
例如：He is one of those invited.
Is there anything unsolved?还有没解决的问题吗？
4、及物动词的过去分词作定语表示动作的被动和完成，
abandoned farms废弃的农场
5、不及物动词的过去分词无被动含义，只表示动作的完成。
fallen leaves落叶
risen sun升起的太阳
6、有些过去分词失去了被动意义，用作形容词，表示“感到--的”，
disappointed children失望的孩子们
satisfied expression满意的表情
7、过去分词可构成合成词作定语
man-made satellite人造卫星。
何韦(语法)过去分词作定语和表语
e.g.：How I regretted the hours
wasted in the woods!
e.g.： I like this kind of
wcleoathri．ng
clothes
made
of
e.g.：The books written by Mo Yan are popular．
e.hg.u：ndWreed’sllogfoyteoarvsisaitgtoh．e bridge built
She looked w_o_rr_ied.
IHaemw—ainstl_e—or_sets—itnedthinouthghetb. ook. The door remained l_oc_k_ed_.
• •
TThheeystgoortym—isa—erxrcieitdinfigv.eYyoeuaarsreage_xo_c. it_ed
一个受伤的手指 an injured finger 一枚破损的硬币 a broken coin 一支点燃的蜡烛 a lighted candle
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有 被动意义。
e.g. : spoken English英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的 不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义
• We were __b_o_r_e_d_(bore) at the football V-ginagm作e. 表语修饰物，翻译为“令人感到---”
V-ed 作表语修饰人，翻译为“感到---”P(17)
1. As we joined the big crowd , I got _____ from my friends
知识点——过去分词(短语)作定语
过去分词（短语）作定语
【知识点解析】
2. done; being done 与 to be done 作定语的区别 过去分词含有“被动”“完成”两种含义；若表 示“某事正在被做”，通常使用动词的being done 形式；若表示“即将被做”，通常使用动词的to be done形式；
过去分词（短语）作定语
【知识点解析】
He, dressed in a white uniform, looks like more a cook than a doctor.
Can the audience seated/sitting at the back of the classroom hear me?
过去分词（短语）作定语
【知识点解析】
二、过去分词做定语 1. 单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，即通常放在所修 饰的名词前，过去分词短语一般做后置定语，即通常 放在所修饰的名词后。如： testified people the affected person ordinary people exposed to cholera. the river polluted by the dirty water from London
My mother, lost in thought, didn’t hear us entering the room.
Te cocked by my mother.
The theory remaining to be proved was put forward by Mr. Smith.
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语1、过去分词作定语的位置①单个的过去分词作定语，常置于被修饰词前。
the broken clock 坏了的钟表the stolen backpack 被偷走的背包②过去分词短语作定语，常置于被修饰词后，相当于一个定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party didn’t come. 大部分被邀请参加派对的人没有来(=Most of the people who were invited to the party didn’t come.)注意：①有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往置于被修饰词后。
There is little time left. 时间不多了。
②过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等不定代词或those时，常置于这些词的后面。
There will be something changed. 有些东西要改变了。
He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。
③有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。
the tool used 使用过的工具 the used tool 旧的工具the concerned expression忧愁的表情 the student concerned有关的学生2、过去分词作定语的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成；而及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动意义或已完成，抑或两者兼具。
①只表示完成，不表示被动。
fallen eaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳②表示被动。
an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人deeply moved people 深受感动的人们③表示被动和完成。
the broken glass 碎了的杯子the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题注意：①英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉”，其过去分词有被动意义，即“使人产生某种感觉”。
grammar--过去分词做定语和一般过去式
grammar--过去分词做定语和⼀般过去式Grammar —The -ed form used as attributives and the simple past tense⼀. 过去分词（短语）做定语分词是动词的⼀种⾮谓语形式，在句中可做定语、状语、补⾜语和表语。
有两种形式，⼀种是现在分词（v.-ing），⼀种是过去分词(v.-ed)。
现在分词⼀般表⽰主动和进⾏的意思，过去分词⼀般表⽰被动和完成的意思。
以下主要是过去分词（短语）做定语的⼏点⽤法。
1. 及物动词的过去分词做定语，表被动和完成。
a broken cup ⼀个破杯⼦ a wounded soldier ⼀个受伤的⼠兵respected leaders 受⼈尊敬的领导们trained camels 受过训练的骆驼们an abandoned farm ⼀个废弃的农场2. 不及物动词的过去分词没有被动的意义，只表⽰动作的完成.a grown woman ⼀位成年妇⼥an escaped prisoner⼀名逃犯a fallen tree ⼀棵倒下的树the retired manager 退休经理fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 已升起的太阳3. 过去分词可构成合成词作定语。
man-made satellite ⼈造卫星half-finished products 半成品highly-developed industry ⾼度发达的⼯业widely-used language ⼴泛应⽤的语⾔4. 过去分词或短语作定语时，相当于⼀个定语从句。
the color TV set produced last year =the color TV set that were produced last year 去年⽣产的彩⾊电视机a letter written by my daughter =a letter which/that is written by my daughter ⼀封我⼥⼉写给我的信a young girl dressed in white= a young girl who was dressed in white⼀个穿⽩⾐服的年轻⼥孩the food cooked by experts = the food which/that was cooked by experts 烹饪专家做的⾷物5. 过去分词做定语的位置：1）单个的过去分词作定语常放在所修饰的名词之前，叫前置定语。
过去分词作定语,表语,宾语补足语
过去分词作定语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。
从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词，形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语，表语，宾语补足语或状语。
考点1. 过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语的位置1）单个过去分词：一般情况下。
单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
有时为了表示强调，也可放在所修饰词之后。
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
（谚语）Money spent is more than money earned。
花的钱比挣的钱多。
2）过去分词短语：过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后。
This will be the best novel of its kind of ever written. 这部小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。
This is the soldier wounded in the battle. 这就是战斗中受伤的战士。
真题链接After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.A. providingB. providedC. have providedD. provide2.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义1）及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受着，且该动作已经完成。
The question discussed yesterday. 昨天讨论的那个问题。
The person killed last year. 去年被杀的那个人。
2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。
Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves in the yard. 秋天来了，院子里有许多落叶。
When I got up and went into the yard, I saw the risen sun. 当我起床并走进院子时，我看到太阳已经升起来了。
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过去分词作定语1. 单个过去分词作定语, 通常前置a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。
a broken cupa wounded soldieran unexpected guestthe excited crowdb. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。
a retired officerC. 合成的过去分词a much-needed reformstate-owned enterprises2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
a letter written in pencil= a letter which was written in pencilthe machines produced last year过去分词与现在分词的区别：1 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动The falling leaves the fallen leaves2 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。
过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表示的动作” 或“ 没有一定的时间性”1.Do you know the boy ____(lie) under the big tree?2. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily ____(point) tothe notice.3 The woman _____(sell) vegetables has gone.4.The wheat is watered by water _____(bring) from a pond.5. He is a leader________ (respect) by the people.3 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.the problem discussed yesterdayThe problem being discussed1. We lived in the house __built by my uncles________________(我舅舅们修建的).2. Any medicine ___taken_____(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.3. We spent two hours discussing the plan __made by her ________________ (她制定的).4. _____________ (开水)5. ________________ (一个破碎的茶杯)6. three ____________________ (受伤的士兵)1. Most of the people __invited to the party_________________(被邀请参加宴会的) were famous scientists.2. Lessons ____learned easily_________ (易学的)are soonforgotten.** ____Easily-learned_________ (易学的) lessons are soonforgotten.3. The computer center ____opened/started_____________(开办) last week is popular with the students .9. Prices of daily goods ___ through a computer can be lower than some store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying10. Mr Smith, ____ of the ___ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring分词分词作定语分词作状语连词+分词(短语)分词作补语分词作表语分词作插入语分词的时态分词的语态1 分词作定语分词前置We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人分词后置(i.分词词组；ii. 个别分词如given, left；iii.)There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given.这是所给的问题过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.In Africa there is a tribe called cannibal. People live on a small island surrounded by the sea. They have eaten up all the animals, plants and vegetables, so they want to eat everything. (过去分词作后置定语)One day a father and his son saw a ship in distance coming towards them. Suddenly the wind began and the ship sank. They heard, “ help, help.” They saw a beautiful girl lying on the beach. The shouted happily, “daddy, we have food now.”Then the father said, “ no, no, no, don’t eat her, leave her to me. Let’s eat your mother, because your mother is too ugly.”（现在分词作宾语补足语）典型例题1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. have writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written2）What's the language ____ in Germany?A. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speakWhat's the language (which is) spoken in German?1.现在分词作定语我们刚刚讲过过去分词作定语，这里再学习现在分词作定语。
我们前面曾经将现在分词和动名词统统称为“动词的ing形式”，这里我们也无需过细地去分析它们的区别，大家只需知道：动词的ing形式首先表示“正在发生着”的动作或行为；其次，要知道它表示的是主动的含义，不是被动的。
示例1：The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere.(surprising作定语，修饰thing)示例2：The ball went towards a passing boat.(passing作定语，修饰boat)2.定语从句的继续定语从句作为一种高级的表达方式，同时作为拉长句子的手段，是一个重点，所以，我们将不断强化它的运用。
同时，我们也接触到了定语从句的简化方式，这里将进行更为系统化的研究。
请记住：定语从句的简化必须符合一个根本条件：关系代词在定语从句中作主语(作宾语时可以省略，但不能简化)！如果具备了这个条件，便可以进行简化，而且，简化后的形式在语言表达的水平上被视为高于定语从句。
再请记住：符合简化条件的定语从句是这样简化的：如果定语从句的谓语动词中有be 动词的各种形式，那么，砍掉关系代词和be动词的各种形式就完成了；如果定语从句的谓语动词中没有be动词的各种形式，那么，需要把谓语动词变为ing形式。
示例1：The Wayle is a small river which/that cuts across the park near my home.(由下面两句话合并而来：The Wayle is a small river. It cuts across the park near my home.)简化方式：The Wayle is a small river cutting across the park near my home.示例2：There were some people rowing on the river.(划线部分作some people的定语，本身就是简化式，我们可以把它还原为从句)从句形式：There were some people who were rowing on the river.示例3：Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat.从句形式：Some people on the bank called out to the man who was in the boat.Part III：综合训练The Wayle is a small river (1) cuts across the park near my home. I like (2 sit) (3) the Wayle (4) fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, (5) I went (6) sat (7) the river bank (8) usual. Some children were playing games (9) the bank (10) there were some people (11) were rowing (12) the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball (13) hard (14) it went towards a (15 pass) boat. Some people (16) the bank called out (17) the man (18) the boat, (19) he did not hear them. The ball (20 strike) the man (21) hard (22) he nearly fell (23) the water. The man turned to look at the children, (24) there weren’t any (25) sight. (26 see) (27) the ball had struck the man (28) the boat, they all ran away. The man laughed (29) he realized what had happened. He called out (30) the children (31) (32 throw) the ball back (33) the bank.答案：(1) which//that; (2) sitting; (3) by; (4) on; (5) so; (6) and; (7) on; (8) as;(9) on; (10) and; (11) who; (12) on; (13) so; (14) that; (15) passing; (16) on; (17) to; (18) in; (19) but; (20) struck; (21) so; (22) that; (23) into; (24) but; (25) in; (26) Seeing; (27) that; (28) in; (29) when; (30) to; (31) and; (32) threw; (33) toPart IV：句型转换将下面句子进行最大程度的合并：1. The Wayle is a small river. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.同位语非限制2. I like sitting by a small river. This river cuts across the park near my home.定语从句非谓语3. It was warm last Sunday. I went and sat on the river bank as usual.独立主格4. Some children were playing games on the bank. There were some people. These people were rowing on the river.5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard. It went towards a passing boat.6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat. He did not hear them.7. The ball struck the man very hard. He nearly fell into the water.8. The man turned to look at the children. There weren’t any in sight.9. The children saw that the ball had struck the man in the boat. They all ran away.10. The man laughed. He realized what had happened.11. He called out to the children. He threw the ball back to the bank.答案：1. The Wayle is a small river by which I like sitting on fine afternoons.2. I like sitting by a small river which cuts across the park near my home.3. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.4. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people who were rowing on the river.5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball so hard that it went towards a passing boat.6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.7. The ball struck the man so hard that he nearly fell into the water.8. The man turned to look at the children, but there weren’t any in si ght.9. Seeing that the ball had struck the man in the boat, they all ran away.10. The man laughed when he realized what had happened.11. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.。