过去分词作定语
例析过去分词作定语的用法
例析过去分词作定语的用法过去分词作定语,在语态上,表被动;在时间上,表示动作已经发生或完成,与它所修饰的名词有逻辑(意义)上的动宾关系。
过去分词作定语时,所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语,过去分词相当于谓语。
过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生,已经完成并具有被动意义。
有时也不表示时间性。
下面结合有关例子,分析一下过去分词作定语的用法。
1.过去分词作定语的位置。
过去分词作定语,通常单个的分词作前置定语(但某些表示动作意义的单个过去分词常作后置定语,如collected,discussed,left,questioned,repaired等)分词短语作后置定语。
过去分词短语还可用作非限制性后置定语,放在所修饰的词后,前后用逗号隔开。
例如:Your spoken Englishis quite good.你的口语挺好的。
The English spokenbythat man is hard to understand.那位男子讲的英语很难听懂。
The money collectedhas been sent to that village.筹集到的钱已经送往那个村庄了。
You can move into the house repaired.你可以搬进那栋修好的房屋了。
The computer center,opened last year,is verypopular among the students in this school.去年开放的这个计算机中心,很受这所学校的学生欢迎。
2.某些过去分词(如given,used等)用作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同。
例如:The gold watch given to her is very expensive.送给她的那块金表非常昂贵。
I’m sure that he’ll come to see you at a given time.我肯定他会在某一特定的时候来看望你的。
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语1.过去分词的形式: done2.分类：前置定语和后置定语；3.条件：单个的单词通常作前置定语，放在名词之前；多个单词或是短语通常作后置定语，放在名词之后；4过去分词作定语:(1)过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。
从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
过去分词通常与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系，表示被动或完成。
(2)过去分词作定语时的意义:不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。
①只表示完成不表示被动e.g. fallen leaves落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳a retired teacher 一位退休的教师②表示被动e.g. an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人a guided trip 一次有导游的旅行③表示被动和完成e.g. the broken glass 碎了的杯子the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题a divided country 一个分裂的国家(3)过去分词作定语时的位置①前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
e.g. The broken vase has been thrown outside.The injured workers are now being taken good care of②后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
e.g. The suggestion (which had been) sent to the committeewas adopted.This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(＝that has ever been written)．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quality problems.You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.③过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后。
知识点——过去分词(短语)作定语
过去分词（短语）作定语
【知识点解析】
2. done; being done 与 to be done 作定语的区别 过去分词含有“被动”“完成”两种含义；若表 示“某事正在被做”，通常使用动词的being done 形式；若表示“即将被做”，通常使用动词的to be done形式；
过去分词（短语）作定语
【知识点解析】
He, dressed in a white uniform, looks like more a cook than a doctor.
Can the audience seated/sitting at the back of the classroom hear me?
过去分词（短语）作定语
【知识点解析】
二、过去分词做定语 1. 单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，即通常放在所修 饰的名词前，过去分词短语一般做后置定语，即通常 放在所修饰的名词后。如： testified people the affected person ordinary people exposed to cholera. the river polluted by the dirty water from London
My mother, lost in thought, didn’t hear us entering the room.
Te cocked by my mother.
The theory remaining to be proved was put forward by Mr. Smith.
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:1、前置定语单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。
A类:被动意义: an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
B类:完成意义:a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2、后置定语过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
如:This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?诊断题1.The players__________ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in thissummer game.A. selectingB. to selectC. selectedD. having selected2. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ____________ from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowing3. I’m calling to enquire about the position ___________ in yesterday’s China Daily.A. advertisedB. to be advertisedC. advertisingD. having advertised4. We received an invitation to the party___________ in our club last Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding过去分词作定语用法小结：1.不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示该动作已经完成。
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语1、过去分词作定语的位置①单个的过去分词作定语，常置于被修饰词前。
the broken clock 坏了的钟表the stolen backpack 被偷走的背包②过去分词短语作定语，常置于被修饰词后，相当于一个定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party didn’t come. 大部分被邀请参加派对的人没有来(=Most of the people who were invited to the party didn’t come.)注意：①有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往置于被修饰词后。
There is little time left. 时间不多了。
②过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等不定代词或those时，常置于这些词的后面。
There will be something changed. 有些东西要改变了。
He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。
③有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。
the tool used 使用过的工具 the used tool 旧的工具the concerned expression忧愁的表情 the student concerned有关的学生2、过去分词作定语的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成；而及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动意义或已完成，抑或两者兼具。
①只表示完成，不表示被动。
fallen eaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳②表示被动。
an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人deeply moved people 深受感动的人们③表示被动和完成。
the broken glass 碎了的杯子the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题注意：①英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉”，其过去分词有被动意义，即“使人产生某种感觉”。
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语过去分词是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，它可以用来作定语，修饰名词或代词。
在句子中，过去分词作定语时常常放在被修饰名词或代词的前面，用来表示该名词或代词所起的作用或状态。
过去分词的形式过去分词的形式一般是动词的原形加上-ed或者-d，但也有一些不规则变化的形式。
例如：“played”和“studied”是规则的过去分词形式，而“broken”和“written”则是不规则的过去分词形式。
过去分词作定语的情况过去分词作定语时有以下几种情况：表示已完成的动作或状态过去分词作定语可以用来表示已经完成的动作或状态。
例如：•The broken window needs to be fixed.（需要修理的破窗户。
）•The lost key was found in the garden.（丢失的钥匙在花园里被找到。
）在这些例子中，过去分词作为修饰名词的定语，告诉我们关于名词本身的信息，并且强调了动作或状态的完成。
表示引起某种感情或感受的动作过去分词作定语还可以用来表示引起某种感情或感受的动作。
例如：•The frightening movie scared me.（吓人的电影吓到了我。
）•The exciting news made everyone happy.（令人兴奋的消息让每个人都开心。
）在这些例子中，过去分词作为修饰名词的定语，描述了引起感情或感受的动作，使句子更加生动有趣。
表示被动或被动意义过去分词作定语还可以用来表示被动或被动意义。
例如：•The stolen wallet was found by the police.（被偷的钱包被警察找到了。
）•The injured dog was taken to the vet.（受伤的狗被带到兽医那里。
）在这些例子中，过去分词作为修饰名词的定语，指示了动作的接受者或受影响者。
过去分词作定语的位置过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词的前面，但也可以放在名词或代词的后面。
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语1. 单个过去分词作定语, 通常前置a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。
a broken cupa wounded soldieran unexpected guestthe excited crowdb. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。
a retired officerC. 合成的过去分词a much-needed reformstate-owned enterprises2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
a letter written in pencil= a letter which was written in pencilthe machines produced last year过去分词与现在分词的区别：1 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动The falling leaves the fallen leaves2 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。
过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”you know the boy ____(lie) under the big tree2. “Can’t you read” Mary said angrily ____(point) tothe notice.3 The woman _____(sell) vegetables has gone.wheat is watered by water _____(bring) from a pond.5. He is a leader________ (respect) by the people.3 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.the problem discussed yesterdayThe problem being discussed1. We lived in the house __built by my uncles________________(我舅舅们修建的).2. Any medicine ___taken_____(服用) without theadvice of a doctor can cause trouble.3. We spent two hours discussing the plan __made by her ________________ (她制定的).4. _____________ (开水)5. ________________ (一个破碎的茶杯)6. three ____________________ (受伤的士兵)1. Most of the people __invited to the party_________________(被邀请参加宴会的) were famous scientists.2. Lessons ____learned easily_________ (易学的)are soonforgotten.** ____Easily-learned_________ (易学的) lessons are soonforgotten.3. The computer center ____opened/started_____________(开办) last week is popular with the students .9. Prices of daily goods ___ through a computer can be lower than some store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying10. Mr Smith, ____ of the ___ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring分词分词作定语分词作状语连词+分词(短语)分词作补语分词作表语分词作插入语分词的时态分词的语态1 分词作定语分词前置We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人分词后置 (i.分词词组；ii. 个别分词如given, left； iii.)There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given. 这是所给的问题过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
过去分词作定语
3. The project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only 2 year.
3. From the dates __B____ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked
2. Hearing the __D__ news, we all felt ___. A. encouraging, encouraging, B. encouraged, encouraged C. encouraged, encouraging D. encouraging, encouraged
a flying bird
a snow-covered city
prepared breakfast
The boy killing the dog is her brother. The boy killed by the man is her brother.Βιβλιοθήκη 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别
1.语态上 现在分词:表示主动的动作 过去分词:表示被动的动作
eg. What he said was encouraging. We were encouraged at what he said.
此类词常见的有：
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是最长的。 这座 桥 去年建的
This bridge which is the longest. was built last year
这座 去年建的 桥 是最长的。
This bridge which was built last year
is the longest.
(既表示被动 又表示完成)
被动或完成
1. Trained camels carried food and other supplies. = camels that were trained 2. We saw abandoned farms which were more than a hundred years ago. = farms that were abandoned 3. We ate great meals cooked by experts ! = meals which were cooked by experts Questions: Can you use an attributive clause( 定语从句) to replace the ved forms in red? What do “ trained”, “abandoned” and “ cooked by experts” function as ? Are the V-ed forms placed before or after the nouns they modify （修饰）?
More exercise：
Fill in the blanks. teaching (teach) us English is 1. The teacher __________ of medium build. taught (teach) by Ms. Cai are 2. The students ________ so intelligent. 3. The scientists working _______ (work) at Jiuquan Satellite Launching Centre in northwestern China have made great contributions to the country. made (make) by the 4. The contributions ______ scientists at Jiuquan Satellite Launching Centre in northwestern China will never be forgotten by the Chinese people.
Homework
Revise what we have learned today Finish exercise on page 15 of Dianjin .
Conclusion: (总结)
两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上： （1）在时态上：现在分词表示正在进行，而过去 分词表示已经完成。 （2）在语态上：现在分词表示主动；而过去分词 表示被动。 主动、进行 ； 总之，现在分词表_____________ 过去分词表_____________ 被动、完成 。 定语 在句法功能上它们都可以作______. 作定语时， 单个分词放在前面， 分词短语放在后 面.
Module 3 Grammar
The –ed form
Who is she?
She is a beautiful girl (who is) called Angelababy.
What is Tiny Times?
Tiny Times is a famous film (which is )directed by Guo Jingming.
Conclusion:
V-ed 在句子中做定语，相当于一个形容 词，单个的过去分词通常放在所修饰的 名词之前，过去分词短语放在所修饰的 _cup 一个破杯子 closed a _________door 一道关上的门 used a ________stamp 一枚用过的邮票 boiled a _______water 开水 damaged a________computer 一台损坏了的计算机
Competition
Exercise 2
Competition
Round 1. Write down correct phrases with past participle and present participle (过去分 词、现在分词）as many as possible. eg. a used car a developing country
The bridge built last year is the longest.
所有的落 叶子已经被扫走。
All the leaves which have fallen
have been cleared away.
所有的 落叶已经被扫走。
All the leaves which have fallen
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
fallen leaves= the leaves that have fallen
现在分词与过去分词
Observe and compare (观察比较)
A: the library built near my house the books borrowed from the library a retired teacher fallen leaves boiled water B: the man standing near the window the baby crying in the bed falling leaves boiling water
过去分词作定语
什么是定语呢？
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明 名词或代词的品质与特征的
那过去分词 作定语是怎 么回事呢？
。。。。 。。
A类:被动意义: be done
KFC=Kentucky Fried Chicken
B类:完成意义: have /had done fallen leaves
done:表被动或完成
Round 2. Choose at least 5 phrases above to make a short story.
Once , there was a boy called ____（call）Jim. He wanted to become a writer. But the book written _____(write) by him was far from popular. One day, he saw an old man with his hands ___ tied (tie) to a tree. The old man said that he would become a writer ________(respect) by the world respected if he got a magic pen. Jim was surprised _______(surprise). But he didn’t believe the story ____(tell) by the old. “Son, told can you see the fallen ____(fall) leaves on the ground?” , the old man said with his eyes looking ______(look) at the ground, “save me and you will get it.” Thinking for a moment, Jim saved the man. “Pick the biggest leaf up and you buried will find a pen _____(bury) under it.” With these words, the man disappeared. At last…
What’s wrong with them?
They are in a broken relationship.
She is a beautiful girl (who is) called Angelababy.
Tiny Times is a famous film (which is )directed by Guo Jingming. They are in a broken relationship.
Exercise 1 现在分词与过去分词
In autumn, the leaves are falling onto the ground. There are many falling leaves in the sky.
falling leaves= the leaves that are/were falling
have been cleared away.
(表示完成，并 没有被动意味)
All the fallen leaves have been cleared away.
过去分词作定语
The bridge built last year is the longest.
All the fallen leaves have been cleared away.