过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语1.过去分词的形式: done2.分类：前置定语和后置定语；3.条件：单个的单词通常作前置定语，放在名词之前；多个单词或是短语通常作后置定语，放在名词之后；4过去分词作定语:(1)过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。
从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
过去分词通常与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系，表示被动或完成。
(2)过去分词作定语时的意义:不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。
①只表示完成不表示被动e.g. fallen leaves落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳a retired teacher 一位退休的教师②表示被动e.g. an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人a guided trip 一次有导游的旅行③表示被动和完成e.g. the broken glass 碎了的杯子the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题a divided country 一个分裂的国家(3)过去分词作定语时的位置①前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
e.g. The broken vase has been thrown outside.The injured workers are now being taken good care of②后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
e.g. The suggestion (which had been) sent to the committeewas adopted.This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(＝that has ever been written)．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quality problems.You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.③过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后。
知识点——过去分词(短语)作定语
过去分词（短语）作定语
【知识点解析】
2. done; being done 与 to be done 作定语的区别 过去分词含有“被动”“完成”两种含义；若表 示“某事正在被做”，通常使用动词的being done 形式；若表示“即将被做”，通常使用动词的to be done形式；
过去分词（短语）作定语
【知识点解析】
He, dressed in a white uniform, looks like more a cook than a doctor.
Can the audience seated/sitting at the back of the classroom hear me?
过去分词（短语）作定语
【知识点解析】
二、过去分词做定语 1. 单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，即通常放在所修 饰的名词前，过去分词短语一般做后置定语，即通常 放在所修饰的名词后。如： testified people the affected person ordinary people exposed to cholera. the river polluted by the dirty water from London
My mother, lost in thought, didn’t hear us entering the room.
Te cocked by my mother.
The theory remaining to be proved was put forward by Mr. Smith.
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语1、过去分词作定语的位置①单个的过去分词作定语，常置于被修饰词前。
the broken clock 坏了的钟表the stolen backpack 被偷走的背包②过去分词短语作定语，常置于被修饰词后，相当于一个定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party didn’t come. 大部分被邀请参加派对的人没有来(=Most of the people who were invited to the party didn’t come.)注意：①有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往置于被修饰词后。
There is little time left. 时间不多了。
②过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等不定代词或those时，常置于这些词的后面。
There will be something changed. 有些东西要改变了。
He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。
③有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。
the tool used 使用过的工具 the used tool 旧的工具the concerned expression忧愁的表情 the student concerned有关的学生2、过去分词作定语的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成；而及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动意义或已完成，抑或两者兼具。
①只表示完成，不表示被动。
fallen eaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳②表示被动。
an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人deeply moved people 深受感动的人们③表示被动和完成。
the broken glass 碎了的杯子the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题注意：①英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉”，其过去分词有被动意义，即“使人产生某种感觉”。
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语过去分词是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，它可以用来作定语，修饰名词或代词。
在句子中，过去分词作定语时常常放在被修饰名词或代词的前面，用来表示该名词或代词所起的作用或状态。
过去分词的形式过去分词的形式一般是动词的原形加上-ed或者-d，但也有一些不规则变化的形式。
例如：“played”和“studied”是规则的过去分词形式，而“broken”和“written”则是不规则的过去分词形式。
过去分词作定语的情况过去分词作定语时有以下几种情况：表示已完成的动作或状态过去分词作定语可以用来表示已经完成的动作或状态。
例如：•The broken window needs to be fixed.（需要修理的破窗户。
）•The lost key was found in the garden.（丢失的钥匙在花园里被找到。
）在这些例子中，过去分词作为修饰名词的定语，告诉我们关于名词本身的信息，并且强调了动作或状态的完成。
表示引起某种感情或感受的动作过去分词作定语还可以用来表示引起某种感情或感受的动作。
例如：•The frightening movie scared me.（吓人的电影吓到了我。
）•The exciting news made everyone happy.（令人兴奋的消息让每个人都开心。
）在这些例子中，过去分词作为修饰名词的定语，描述了引起感情或感受的动作，使句子更加生动有趣。
表示被动或被动意义过去分词作定语还可以用来表示被动或被动意义。
例如：•The stolen wallet was found by the police.（被偷的钱包被警察找到了。
）•The injured dog was taken to the vet.（受伤的狗被带到兽医那里。
）在这些例子中，过去分词作为修饰名词的定语，指示了动作的接受者或受影响者。
过去分词作定语的位置过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词的前面，但也可以放在名词或代词的后面。
过去分词作定语例子
过去分词作定语例子
1. The broken window needs to be fixed. 就像我的心被伤过一样，那扇破窗户看着好可怜呀！
2. The stolen bike was found by the police. 哎呀，那辆被偷的自行车，警察找到它可真不容易啊！
3. The cooked food smells so delicious. 这做好的食物，闻起来真香啊，就像妈妈做的味道！
4. The written letter expressed deep love. 那封写好的信，表达的爱意可真深呀，就像我对他的感情一样！
5. The frightened child ran to his mother. 那个受惊的孩子跑向他妈妈，那害怕的小模样多让人心疼啊！
6. The excited crowd shouted loudly. 那群兴奋的人们大声呼喊，哇，那场面可真热烈啊，就像我中大奖时一样激动！
观点结论：过去分词作定语真的很神奇，可以让句子变得更加生动形象呢！。
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语1. 单个过去分词作定语, 通常前置a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。
a broken cupa wounded soldieran unexpected guestthe excited crowdb. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。
a retired officerC. 合成的过去分词a much-needed reformstate-owned enterprises2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
a letter written in pencil= a letter which was written in pencilthe machines produced last year过去分词与现在分词的区别：1 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动The falling leaves the fallen leaves2 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。
过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”you know the boy ____(lie) under the big tree2. “Can’t you read” Mary said angrily ____(point) tothe notice.3 The woman _____(sell) vegetables has gone.wheat is watered by water _____(bring) from a pond.5. He is a leader________ (respect) by the people.3 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.the problem discussed yesterdayThe problem being discussed1. We lived in the house __built by my uncles________________(我舅舅们修建的).2. Any medicine ___taken_____(服用) without theadvice of a doctor can cause trouble.3. We spent two hours discussing the plan __made by her ________________ (她制定的).4. _____________ (开水)5. ________________ (一个破碎的茶杯)6. three ____________________ (受伤的士兵)1. Most of the people __invited to the party_________________(被邀请参加宴会的) were famous scientists.2. Lessons ____learned easily_________ (易学的)are soonforgotten.** ____Easily-learned_________ (易学的) lessons are soonforgotten.3. The computer center ____opened/started_____________(开办) last week is popular with the students .9. Prices of daily goods ___ through a computer can be lower than some store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying10. Mr Smith, ____ of the ___ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring分词分词作定语分词作状语连词+分词(短语)分词作补语分词作表语分词作插入语分词的时态分词的语态1 分词作定语分词前置We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人分词后置 (i.分词词组；ii. 个别分词如given, left； iii.)There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given. 这是所给的问题过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
过去分词做定语的用法
过去分词做定语的用法过去分词作定语过去分词作定语需要注意如下几个方面的问题:（1）过去分词作定语时,所表示的时间概念:1）多表示已完成的动作．例如:A ．The broken glasses are mine．B．The book written in English is about “The differences between American English andBritish English”．2）表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前．例如:A． A letter posted yesterday will probably reach her next week．B．He wants to buy a used car．3）没有一定的时间性．例如:A．I don’t like to see letters written in pencil．B．His spoken English is excellent．（2）过去分词作定语在句中的位置:1)单个的过去分词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词之前．例如:spoken English _________________ 一只受过训练的狗____________________一条结了冰的河流_____________________注意不及物动词的过去分词一般不能作前置定语,能作前置的仅限于escaped,faded, fallen, risen, grown等．例如:the risen sun ______________________ 落叶_______________________2)过去分词与副词,名词,形容词构成复合形容词作定语时,位于被修饰的名词之前．例如:a newly—built road __________________ a man—made satellite _________________一个高度发达的国家________________________3)过去分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之后．例如:A.There is anything arranged for the vacation ?B．There are many person killed in that accident ．注意:某些单个的过去分词作定语也必须作后置定语．例如: There is no time left ．A.某些动词的过去分词作定语时,既可作前置定语,又可作后置定语,但含义不同．例如:A．The method used is very efficient ．B．This is a used book ．C．The book given to him is an English novel ．D.We will be meeting at a given time and place ．（3）某些动词的过去分词作定语时, 多半用来修饰人．这类过去分词多是表示人物的心理特征或情感变化的动词．如:delighted , devoted , discouraged , amused , astonished , frightened , moved , inspired , encouraged , puzzled , tired , worried , excited ．For example : A．The tired boy fell into asleep very soon ．B．The puzzled mother come to her daughter’s teacher for help ．C．The frightened baby kept crying ．。
过去分词作定语
Grammar ——the –ed form【比较区别】动词的分词形式有两种：现在分词（-ing)和过去分词（-ed)，在句子中相当于形容词和副词的作用，在句中可充当定语，表语，补语及状语。
现在分词一般有主动和进行的意思；过去分词一般表被动和完成的意思。
一．过去分词作定语的几点用法：1.及物动词的过去分词作定语，表被动和完成翻译下列短语：abandoned farms ________________trained camels ______________________ polluted air________________ used paper _________________________2. 不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成，不表示被动fallen leaves ________________ retired workers____________________boiled water___________________3.有些过去分词作定语，相当于形容词，没有被动意义，只表示主语所处的状态。
译为“感到····”常见的有：excited, disappointed, embarrassed, surprised, amazed, frightened, puzzled(困惑的）,pleased(高兴的），satisfied（满意的）.frightened children excited students注意：这两类词常用过去分词来修饰•1）指人发出的声音：voice, shout, cry, scream等；•2）指人的面部表情：face, look, expression, smile等• a puzzled look 困惑的神态• a ____________(失望的）expression•an ____________(兴奋的）voice• a _______________ (满意的）smile4.分词的位置•1）单个的过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰的名词之前•2）过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰的名词之后•My borrowed book must be returned by tomorrow.•The ___________(abandon) farm was built in 1997.•He likes books __________(write) by Luxun.•The photos _______(take) on the plane are wonderful.5.区分现在分词和过去分词作定语【思维引导】①现在分词作定语，与被修饰的名词构成主谓关系，表主动&进行；②过去分词作定语，与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，表示被动&完成。
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过去分词作定语，状语以及表语用法过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。
它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。
过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动, 与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行, 主动, 与主句主语之间是主动关系。
如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前, 则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。
过去分词表完成、被动, 作状语时, 其逻辑主语是主句的主语, 且与主语之间存在着被动关系。
过去分词作状语可表时间, 原因, 让步, 结果, 方式, 条件等。
观察下列的句子:Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.PP作时间状语, 相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句，有时为了突出时间，可在分词前加when或while。
1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.When heated, ice will be changed into water.2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.过去分词作原因状语相当于表示原因的状语从句。
1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.过去分词作条件或者假设状语前面可带if，unless等从属连词，相当于条件状语从句。
1.If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go.Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.作方式或伴随情况状语没有相当的状语从句可以代替。
1.The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.2. She sat by the window, lost in thought.She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought.lost 表示一种迷失心理状态Summary1) 过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。
2) 过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。
过去分词作状语:过去分词有两大特点：1. 表示被动的动作；2. 表示已经完成的动作, 因此, 当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系－－1. Asked what had happened, he told us about it.→When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.2. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.→Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.4. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.→If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.5. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.→Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.6. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.→Because she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.7. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.→Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all.用过去分词作状语来改写句子。
1.As I was worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.→___________________, I was unsettled for the first few days.(Worried about the journey)2.If he is given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.→__________, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.(Given time)3) As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.→______________________________, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.(Confused by the new surroundings)4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense.→__________________________ ______, he became tense.(Questioned by the police about the fire)1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.2. While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Confused by the new surrounding, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.3. As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.Compare1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.—we followed (跟着那个老人, 我们上去了)2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were) (被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了)3. 从上面看, 体育场好像一个鸟巢。
____ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。
____ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. SeenDifference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle_____for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
(Used)______ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
(Using)________ at her, he jumped with joy. Looking_______ at by her, he jumped with joy.Looked选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。
如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
Complete each sentence using the Past Participle of the right verb.frighten trap follow shoot1) _________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dare to sleep in her room.Frightened2) The lady returned home, ________ by two policemen.followed3) If _______ in a burning building, you should send for help.trapped4) Although ____in the leg, he continued firing at the police.shot过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作已经完成。