过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语

过去分词作定语1.过去分词的形式: done2.分类:前置定语和后置定语;3.条件:单个的单词通常作前置定语,放在名词之前;多个单词或是短语通常作后置定语,放在名词之后;4过去分词作定语:(1)过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。
从语法功能分析,过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性,可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
过去分词通常与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系,表示被动或完成。
(2)过去分词作定语时的意义:不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表示动作已完成,不表示被动的意义;及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。
①只表示完成不表示被动e.g. fallen leaves落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳a retired teacher 一位退休的教师②表示被动e.g. an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人a guided trip 一次有导游的旅行③表示被动和完成e.g. the broken glass 碎了的杯子the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题a divided country 一个分裂的国家(3)过去分词作定语时的位置①前置定语:单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
e.g. The broken vase has been thrown outside.The injured workers are now being taken good care of②后置定语:过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
e.g. The suggestion (which had been) sent to the committeewas adopted.This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written).The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quality problems.You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.③过去分词修饰代词时,应置于被修饰词之后。
知识点——过去分词(短语)作定语

过去分词(短语)作定语
【知识点解析】
2. done; being done 与 to be done 作定语的区别 过去分词含有“被动”“完成”两种含义;若表 示“某事正在被做”,通常使用动词的being done 形式;若表示“即将被做”,通常使用动词的to be done形式;
过去分词(短语)作定语
【知识点解析】
He, dressed in a white uniform, looks like more a cook than a doctor.
Can the audience seated/sitting at the back of the classroom hear me?
过去分词(短语)作定语
【知识点解析】
二、过去分词做定语 1. 单个的过去分词一般作前置定语,即通常放在所修 饰的名词前,过去分词短语一般做后置定语,即通常 放在所修饰的名词后。如: testified people the affected person ordinary people exposed to cholera. the river polluted by the dirty water from London
My mother, lost in thought, didn’t hear us entering the room.
Te cocked by my mother.
The theory remaining to be proved was put forward by Mr. Smith.
过去分词作定语

过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:1、前置定语单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。
A类:被动意义: an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
B类:完成意义:a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2、后置定语过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
如:This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?诊断题1.The players__________ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in thissummer game.A. selectingB. to selectC. selectedD. having selected2. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ____________ from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowing3. I’m calling to enquire about the position ___________ in yesterday’s China Daily.A. advertisedB. to be advertisedC. advertisingD. having advertised4. We received an invitation to the party___________ in our club last Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding过去分词作定语用法小结:1.不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示该动作已经完成。
过去分词作定语

过去分词作定语1、过去分词作定语的位置①单个的过去分词作定语,常置于被修饰词前。
the broken clock 坏了的钟表the stolen backpack 被偷走的背包②过去分词短语作定语,常置于被修饰词后,相当于一个定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party didn’t come. 大部分被邀请参加派对的人没有来(=Most of the people who were invited to the party didn’t come.)注意:①有些单个的过去分词,在习惯上往往置于被修饰词后。
There is little time left. 时间不多了。
②过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等不定代词或those时,常置于这些词的后面。
There will be something changed. 有些东西要改变了。
He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。
③有些过去分词作定语,前置和后置的意义不同。
the tool used 使用过的工具 the used tool 旧的工具the concerned expression忧愁的表情 the student concerned有关的学生2、过去分词作定语的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表示动作已完成;而及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示被动意义或已完成,抑或两者兼具。
①只表示完成,不表示被动。
fallen eaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳②表示被动。
an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人deeply moved people 深受感动的人们③表示被动和完成。
the broken glass 碎了的杯子the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题注意:①英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉”,其过去分词有被动意义,即“使人产生某种感觉”。
过去分词作定语

过去分词作定语过去分词是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,它可以用来作定语,修饰名词或代词。
在句子中,过去分词作定语时常常放在被修饰名词或代词的前面,用来表示该名词或代词所起的作用或状态。
过去分词的形式过去分词的形式一般是动词的原形加上-ed或者-d,但也有一些不规则变化的形式。
例如:“played”和“studied”是规则的过去分词形式,而“broken”和“written”则是不规则的过去分词形式。
过去分词作定语的情况过去分词作定语时有以下几种情况:表示已完成的动作或状态过去分词作定语可以用来表示已经完成的动作或状态。
例如:•The broken window needs to be fixed.(需要修理的破窗户。
)•The lost key was found in the garden.(丢失的钥匙在花园里被找到。
)在这些例子中,过去分词作为修饰名词的定语,告诉我们关于名词本身的信息,并且强调了动作或状态的完成。
表示引起某种感情或感受的动作过去分词作定语还可以用来表示引起某种感情或感受的动作。
例如:•The frightening movie scared me.(吓人的电影吓到了我。
)•The exciting news made everyone happy.(令人兴奋的消息让每个人都开心。
)在这些例子中,过去分词作为修饰名词的定语,描述了引起感情或感受的动作,使句子更加生动有趣。
表示被动或被动意义过去分词作定语还可以用来表示被动或被动意义。
例如:•The stolen wallet was found by the police.(被偷的钱包被警察找到了。
)•The injured dog was taken to the vet.(受伤的狗被带到兽医那里。
)在这些例子中,过去分词作为修饰名词的定语,指示了动作的接受者或受影响者。
过去分词作定语的位置过去分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰名词的前面,但也可以放在名词或代词的后面。
过去分词作定语,表语,宾语补足语

过去分词作定语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。
从语法功能分析,过去分词兼有动词,形容词或副词的特性,可在句中充当定语,表语,宾语补足语或状语。
考点1. 过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语的位置1)单个过去分词:一般情况下。
单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词之前。
有时为了表示强调,也可放在所修饰词之后。
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
(谚语)Money spent is more than money earned。
花的钱比挣的钱多。
2)过去分词短语:过去分词短语往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后。
This will be the best novel of its kind of ever written. 这部小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。
This is the soldier wounded in the battle. 这就是战斗中受伤的战士。
真题链接After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.A. providingB. providedC. have providedD. provide2.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成,即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受着,且该动作已经完成。
The question discussed yesterday. 昨天讨论的那个问题。
The person killed last year. 去年被杀的那个人。
2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成,不表示被动。
Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves in the yard. 秋天来了,院子里有许多落叶。
When I got up and went into the yard, I saw the risen sun. 当我起床并走进院子时,我看到太阳已经升起来了。
过去分词作定语例子

过去分词作定语例子
1. The broken window needs to be fixed. 就像我的心被伤过一样,那扇破窗户看着好可怜呀!
2. The stolen bike was found by the police. 哎呀,那辆被偷的自行车,警察找到它可真不容易啊!
3. The cooked food smells so delicious. 这做好的食物,闻起来真香啊,就像妈妈做的味道!
4. The written letter expressed deep love. 那封写好的信,表达的爱意可真深呀,就像我对他的感情一样!
5. The frightened child ran to his mother. 那个受惊的孩子跑向他妈妈,那害怕的小模样多让人心疼啊!
6. The excited crowd shouted loudly. 那群兴奋的人们大声呼喊,哇,那场面可真热烈啊,就像我中大奖时一样激动!
观点结论:过去分词作定语真的很神奇,可以让句子变得更加生动形象呢!。
过去分词作定语

有关过去分词做定语用法,请注意以下几个问题:(1)过去分词用作前置定语:若是单个的过去分词或只带副词修饰的单个过去分词做定语, 通常置于所修饰的名词前,此时过去分词具有形容词的特点,侧重状态和比较永久的特点。
例如:a broken window 一扇坏了的窗户;a recentlybuilt house 最近建造的一所房子We need more experienced teachers. 我们需要更多有经验的老师。
温馨提示:有时为了强调,单个的过去分词做定语也可以置于被修饰的名词后面。
例如:Do you know the number of the books ordered 你知道订购了多少书吗Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。
(2)过去分词用作后置定语:若是过去分词短语做定语, 则通常置于被修饰的名词之后。
此时过去分词既有形容词的特征,又有动词的特点,但主要突出动词的特征,且不像前置定语那样具有永久性的特点。
做后置定语的过去分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分,在语法上相当于一个定语从句。
例如: We’ll talk about the problem discussed(= that / which was discussed) at the meeting yesterday. 我们将谈谈昨天会议上讨论的问题。
(3)过去分词也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开,相当于一个由which 引导的非限制性定语从句。
例如:The books, written by Lu Xun (= which were written by Lu Xun), are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人的喜爱。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students(= which was attended by one thousand students), was a great success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千名学生出席。
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2) The United States is a developed country. ) = The United Stated is a country which has developed ______________________ .
注:本句中的过去分词作定语,只表示完成. 本句中的过去分词作定语,只表示完成. 3) Have you noticed the bridge being built there? = Have you noticed the bridge which is being built ______________________ there? 本句中的过去分词作定语, 注:本句中的过去分词作定语,表示被动的 动作正在进行. 动作正在进行.
过去分词作表语, 2,过去分词作表语,构成的系表结构与 被动语态的区别: 被动语态的区别: 过去分词作表语, 过去分词作表语 , 强调主语的特点或 所处的状态; 而被动语态中, 所处的状态 ; 而被动语态中 , 主语是 动词所表示动作的承受者. 动词所表示动作的承受者. e.g.:This shop is now closed. closed. : 这家商店现在已经关门了. 状态) 这家商店现在已经关门了.(状态) This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday. . 这家商店每天6点关门. 动作) 这家商店每天6点关门.(动作)
5. The project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only 2 year. designed by = The project, _____________ the Chinese engineers ____________________, was constructed in only 2 year.
练习一 单句改错 1. They were all amusing at what he said. 2. He was very exciting to hear the news that their team had won. 3. The situation was a bit discouraged. 4. Two pages in this dictionary are missed. 5. Your mother is quite worrying about your stare of health.
高考链接
1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, B ______ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 解析:答案B 解析:答案B.此处考查过去分词作后置 定语,3M与know之间是被动关系 之间是被动关系, 定语,3M与know之间是被动关系,故用过 去分词表示被动. 去分词表示被动.
4. 听 说 那 位 明 星 死 了 , 人 人 都 很 惊 讶 . was shocked Everybody ____________to hear the death of the famous film star. . 5.要去动物园了,孩子们非常兴奋. 要去动物园了, 要去动物园了 孩子们非常兴奋. are really excited about The children ______________________ going to the zoo. . 6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒 他的伤口感染了一种新病毒. 他的伤口感染了一种新病毒 became infected with His wound ___________________ a new virus. .
二,过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语, 1 , 过去分词作表语 , 表示主语的特点或所处 的状态,其前的系动词有包括be be在内的多种 的状态,其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种 形式. 形式. e.g. : Everyone present is very inspired at his speech. . 听了他的发言, 在场的所有人都很振奋. 听了他的发言 , 在场的所有人都很振奋 . You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓. 你似乎受了惊吓.
Translate the following phrases, and try to find out what the items relate to. a broken piece of glass boiled water a used stamp a buried box of coins worn— worn—out shoes a damaged computer 结论:以上的短语都带有过去分词, 结论:以上的短语都带有过去分词,这些过去 分词都是充当定语, 分词都是充当定语,而且我们都可以用过去分 词作表语的形式来改写以上短语. 词作表语的形式来改写以上短语. 一片碎玻璃 开水 一枚用过的邮票 一箱埋起来的硬币 穿破的鞋子 一台损坏了的计算机
过去分词作后置定语,表示被动和/ 2,过去分词作后置定语,表示被动和/或完 成意义. 成意义. e.g.: How I regretted the hours wasted in the : woods! 我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊 I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth. . 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服. 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服. e.g.:The books written by Lu Xun are popular. : . 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎 We'11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago. . 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥. 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥.
Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses. 1) He told us of the great wrong done ) to him. = He told us of the great wrong which had been done ___________________________ to him. 本句中的过去分词作定语, 注 : 本句中的过去分词作定语 , 既表被 动又表完成. 动又表完成.
3. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt. = The castle, ______________ burnt down in ___________________, the sixteenth century was never rebuilt. 4. Father beat the son who was lost in the online games. =Father beat the son ________ lost in the online games.
练习二 句型转换
1.A thief stole the goat that was tired to the tree. =A thief stole the goat ______ tired to the tree. 2. The girl who is dressed in red is Kelly's long-lost friend. = The girl _________________ dressed in red is Kelly's long-lost friend.
Complete the table with phrases that haveHale Waihona Puke the same meaning.
Past Participle as the Attribute
1. terrified people 2. reserved seats 3. polluted water 4. a crowded room 5. a pleased winner
Grammar
一,过去分词作定语 1 , 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成 的意义,常作前置定语. 的意义,常作前置定语. eg:a lost animal : 一只迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一个受伤的手指 a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币 a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛 注意:过去分词作定语时,有时只有被动意义. 注意:过去分词作定语时,有时只有被动意义. e.g.:spoken English 英语口语 : written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过 去分词只有完成的意义 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 the advanced countries 发达国家 drunken man 一个醉鬼 a returned student 一名留学生 a retired teacher 一名退休教师 an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯 byby-gone days 过去的岁月
高考链接
A 2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 解析:答案A 解析:答案A.此处考查过去分词作后置 定语,disc与record之间是被动关系 之间是被动关系, 定语,disc与record之间是被动关系,故 用过去分词表示. 用过去分词表示.