定语从句解释练习及答案

定语从句

●关系词的意义及作用

定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法项目。它在句子中出现的频率很高。对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。

被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。关系词有两个作用：1、引导定语从句。2、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。

理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。

●关系词的选用与判断

一. 关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分

正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择完全取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分。关系词一共有九个，它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。

关系词主语宾语表语定语状语替代

that √√√××人/物;

which √√×××物

who √√√××人

whom ×√×××人

whose ×××√×人/物

when ××××√时间

where ××××√地点

why ××××√原因

as √√√××人/物

二、关系词的选用

1.指物时只用that不用which引导定语从句的场合：

1）当先行词是不定代词时：(all,much,little, none,the one, something, anything,everything.nothing等)

Is there anything that you want to explain?

You should hand in all that you have.

2)先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或only,very, none, no, little, any,

all, few, much等修饰时.

This is the first step that can be taken.

It is the best one that you may choose.

This is the very book that I’m looking for.

This is the only reason that I can say.

3)当先行词是最高级、序数词时：

This train is the last that will go to New York.

4）当先行词既有人又有物时：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 2．指人时，先行词是someone,anyone,the one,the ones,those时,用who 引导定语从句,不用that:

Anyone who will buy this book is expected to hand in the money soon. Those who break the law are to be punished.

3.way后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况：

a.在比较正式的文体中用in which；

b.一般情况下用that；

c.in which和

that省去。

The city is never beautiful in the way in which the countryside is. There’s no way that you can stop others talking about you.

That’s the way I looked at it.

注意:I don’t like the way (which/that) he told me to solve this problem.(代词做宾语)

4.先行词是表示地点的名词时（country,school,room…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定的。

The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum.

The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his.

This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party.

5.先行词是表示时间的名词（year,month,day,night…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。

在掌握第4、第5条时应特别注意：介词的位置变化以及相应的关系词的变化。请分析下面两个句子。

①那就是他工作的大学。

That is the college at which he works.（which he works at/. that he works at./ he works at./ where he works.）

②他出生的那一天是1952年8月20日。

The day on which he was born（which he was born on/ when he was born /that he was born on/ he was born on）was Aug.20,1952.

6. 除了第4，5条中when，where可以用介词＋关系词这种用法外,还有其他情况

也可以用这种结构。即：介词＋which或介词＋whom。例：

This is the classmate with whom I’ll go to the cinema.

The subject in which I’m most interested is English.

We can see the method by which the computer works.

在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时是受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。

7.先行词是condition，situation，circumstance,case，point, stage, state, scene, extent,等表示“情形、情况、场合、火候、地步、程度、范围”等名词时，也用where引导的定语从句. 例：

Finally they reached a point where they both agreed.

Let’s imagine a situation where this expression can be used.

三、关于as引导定语从句的问题

as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句中,或用于the same…as，such…as，as…as的结构中。

1.as与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句

中某个成分,表示“正如”之意。

As you all know/As is known to all, I am good at biology.

He married the girl，as(which) was natural.

He seemed a foreigner, as(which) in fact he was.

As had been expected, the train arrived on time.

注意:which引导的定语从句不可以放在主句前面。

2.在the same…as,such…as,as…as结构中，same,such,as之后应是名词或

形容词＋名词。

We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.

Their cat understands as many words as a dog does.

We hope to get such a tool as he is using.

3.the same…as与the same…that引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是：前者

修饰的是与原物同样的；而后者修饰的就是跟先行词同样的东西。是比较：This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢失的那只表（同一只）This is the same watch as I lost.这和我丢失的那只表一样.（不是同一只）四.the reason why(=for which)是由why或for which引导的定语从句，而that

也可以代替why引导定语从句,这时that口语中用作副词,常省略。