动词不定式作目的状语及宾语补足语
动词不定式用法归纳

动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
1. 作主语可以直接作主语。
如:To see is to believe.但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如:It's wrong to play tricks on other people.It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.it仅作形式主语。
2. 作宾语want,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如:We agreed to start early.She wants to be a doctor.而love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。
提示:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。
如:I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。
特别注意: stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
但后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
如: 1)stop to do sth.停止一件事,去做另一件事。
Stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。
Unit6动词不定式作宾语补足语和目的状语2023-2024学年八年级英语上册(牛津译林版)

2023-2024学年八年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题(牛津译林版)Unit 6 Birdwatching【刷语法】(重点语法提升练)动词不定式作宾语补足语和目的状语动词不定式作宾语补足语(1)接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(动词+sb.+to do结构,否定式“动词+sb.+not to do” )常见的有:tell 告诉ask 请order 命令warn 警告teach 教want 想要wish 希望expect 期望encourage 鼓励allow 允许invite 邀请advise 建议require 要求force 强迫如:Do you want me to find out the phone number? 你想要我找出那个电话号码吗?(2)有些及物动词,接不定式作宾语补足语时(动词+sb.+do ),要省略to。
这类及物动词常见的有:let 让make 使have 使see 看见watch 注视hear 听到notice 注意到feel 感觉起来被动语态中要还原to,如make sb. do被动语态变为sb. be made to do。
如:I saw him read in the library yesterday. 我昨天看到他在图书馆阅读He was seen to read in the library yesterday. 他被看见昨天在图书馆阅读。
动词不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语,可放在句首或句末。
to表示目的、为了。
如:To learn math well, you must do more exercises. 为了学好数学,你必须多做练习。
We came here to ask you for help. 我们来这是为了向你寻求帮助。
一、单项选择1.Teachers expect all their students ________ progress (进步) day by day.A.make B.makes C.to make D.making2.President Xi often advises us ________ to make our country stronger.A.study B.studying C.to study D.studied3.—Our English teacher asks us ________ English every day.—So my mother made me ________ the English text for half an hour yesterday evening.A.read; to read B.to read; to read C.to read; read4.There are many rules in Mary’s home. Her parents won’t allow her ________ out late.A.to stay B.staying C.stay D.stayed5.I see Tom ________ English almost every morning.A.reads B.read C.reading D.to read 6.Teachers always encourage their students ________ questions and discuss the answers.A.answer B.answers C.answering D.to answer 7.The workers in the nature park ask visitors not ________ the animals.A.feed B.to feed C.feeding D.fed8.My mother asks me ________ computer games before finishing my homework.A.not play B.to play C.not to play D.to not play 9.Evans had a sore throat (嗓子疼). His friend advised him ________ a doctor.A.seeing B.to see C.see D.sees10.—The doctor advised me ________ too much because it’s not good for my health.—The doctor is right. The less you drink, ________ you will be.A.don’t drink; the healthier B.not to drink; the healthierC.not to drink; the more healthier D.don’t drink; healthier11.Mrs. Smith made her daughter ________ for a long time.A.wait B.waited C.to wait D.waiting12.The old lady loves to watch the kids ________ basketball every evening.A.play B.played C.to play D.plays13.Our teacher tells us ________ in the street. It’s too dangerous.A.not play B.not playing C.not to play D.to not play 14.— Why is Nancy crying?— Because her mother forces her ________ her teeth twice a day.A.brush B.brushing C.to brush D.brushed15.We don’t allow ________ in the classroom, but we allow students ________ in the hallways.A.to sing; to sing B.singing; to sing C.to sing; singing16.I advise you ________ twice before ________ final decision.A.thinking, to make B.to think, make C.thinking, made D.to think, making 17.Lin Tao is hard-working. I often see him ________ English. Yesterday afternoon, when I passed the playground, I saw him ________ soccer.A.read; playing B.reads; played C.to read; play D.be reading; play18.Our teacher often encourages us _______ our dreams no matter what will happen.A.to give up B.not to give up C.not give up D.not giving up19.The teacher advised students ________ to music when doing homework because it would distract (分散) their attention.A.listen B.to listen C.not to listen D.to not listen20.Tom challenged his friend ________ chess.A.play B.playing C.to play D.to playing21.—Can the shelf be finished by the weekend?—Sure. ________ it on time, we will work two more hours a day.A.Completed B.Completing C.To complete D.Complete22.—________ more about tomorrow’s weather in Sheyang, please call 121.—OK, I will. Thank you.A.Know B.Knowing C.To know D.To knowing23.—What way can you think of ________ me improve my listening?—By listening to the tape more.A.helping B.to help C.help24.________ their health, students should exercise more.A.Improve B.To improve C.Improving D.Improved25.Hunters hunt tigers ________ their fur ________ make clothes.A.to; to B.for; to C.to; for D.for; for26.________ the work in time, they need to work two more hours a day.A.To finish B.To be finished C.Finish D.Finishing27.We should do what we can ________ the hunters ________ the animals.A.to prevent; killing B.to prevent; to kill C.prevent; killing D.prevent; to kill 28.healthy, you should eat more vegetables and less fast food.A.Keep B.To keep C.Keeping D.Kept29.—If you need my help, please let me know. I will do anything I can ________ you.—No, thanks. I can do it all by myself.A.to support B.support C.supporting D.supported30.—Wild animals are in danger. They need more people’s help.— Yes. People working in the reserves are doing everything they can ________ them.A.protect B.protecting C.to protect D.to protecting31.________ before training, we all arrive early every time.A.Warm up B.Warming up C.To warm up D.Warmed up32.________ their products more easily, many farmers put them online.A.Sell B.Selling C.To sell D.To selling33.—Peter’s mother gets up early ______ breakfast for him every morning.—Mother’s love is great.A.to make B.making C.make34.President Xi Jinping delivers a New Year address on Saturday evening, Dec 31, 2022, in Beijing ______ 2023.A.welcome B.welcoming C.welcomed D.to welcome35.Susan made some more dumplings ________ her friend a treat during the Spring Festival.A.gives B.giving C.to give D.give36.Shall we go to Lao She Teahouse ________ Beijing Opera?A.to enjoy B.enjoy C.enjoyed D.enjoys37.I’m not good at English. I will work hard ______ it.A.to improve B.improve C.to correct D.correct38.You should practise ______ more in order to ______ your written English.A.to write;improving B.writing;improvingC.writing;improve D.to write;improve39.Last weekend Peter went to the library ________ some books on music.A.borrow B.borrowed C.to borrow D.borrowing40.He ran into the room ________ the girl.A.save B.to save C.saves D.saved二、用所给单词的正确形式填空41.He tried everything (start) the car, but he didn’t make it.42.The doctor did what he could (help) the girl who was badly hurt in the accident. 43.He started a blog (share)his knowledge and connect with like-minded individuals. 44.The teachers send emails (tell) students something on holidays.45.(keep) healthy, you should take more exercise.46.(make) the salad look more colourful, I often mix different fruits together.47.Look! The teenagers are making cards (show) love for their mothers.48.I made a lot of money (help) the poor.49.They decide to do something (protect) the animals.50.All doctors did what they could (save) the people after the earthquake.51.My little son fell in love with chess and often challenged me (play) chess with him. 52.Let’s (glue)these pictures on the big paper.53.Sally invited me (come) to the party, but I forgot it.54.The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) chose the panda (be) its symbol. 55.Could you tell my father (call) me when he comes back?56.We often hear some students (practice) speaking English in the English corner. 57.He warns Tom (not make) the same mistake again.58.I would like you (meet) a friend of mine.59.I would like to help people (solve) problems.60.He ordered his men (run) fast.参考答案:1.C【详解】句意:老师们希望所有的学生都能一天比一天进步。
动词不定式如何使用动词不定式来表示目的意愿或计划

动词不定式如何使用动词不定式来表示目的意愿或计划动词不定式是英语语法中的一种形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它在表达目的意愿或计划时,起着重要的作用。
本文将探讨动词不定式在表达目的意愿或计划方面的使用方法。
一、动词不定式作为目的状语动词不定式可以作为句子的目的状语,用于说明动作的目的、意愿或计划。
它通常放在句子的末尾,与谓语动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
例如:1. I went to the library to borrow some books.我去图书馆借书。
2. They took a taxi to catch the train.他们乘出租车去赶火车。
这些例句中,动词不定式“to borrow some books”和“to catch the train”分别表示了去图书馆借书和赶火车的目的。
二、动词不定式作为目的补足语动词不定式也可以出现在某些动词后面,作为其宾语的补足语,进一步说明动词的目的、意愿或计划。
常见的这类动词包括want、need、expect、hope等。
例如:1. She wants to become a doctor in the future.她希望将来成为一名医生。
2. We need to study hard to pass the exam.我们需要努力学习来通过考试。
这些例句中,动词不定式“to become a doctor”和“to pass the exam”作为不及物动词want和need的宾语补足语,进一步说明了希望成为医生和通过考试的目的。
三、动词不定式作为目的补充成分动词不定式还可以作为某些动词的宾语补充成分,用以指示宾语的目的、愿望或计划。
这些动词通常是感知动词,如see、watch、hear等。
例如:1. I saw her go into the building.我看见她进了大楼。
2. They heard the baby cry in the next room.他们听见隔壁房间的婴儿哭了。
动词不定式的相关考点梳理

英语篇语法直播动词不定式,即“to+动词原形”,其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”,是初中英语中的一大重难点,深受各地中考英语命题者的青睐。
对此,笔者归纳了动词不定式的几个考查热点,以期对同学们有所帮助。
一、考查动词不定式作逻辑主语动词不定式用作逻辑主语时,常用“It ”作形式主语,基本结构为“It is +形容词+for/of sb.to do sth.”。
同学们在做题时要注意仔细剖析句子结构,弄清真正的逻辑主语,从而选出正确答案。
【例1】(2022年贵州毕节中考卷)Many people have lost their homes because of wars.It ’s important for people a peaceful world.A.haveB.hadC.havingD.to have 解析:本题主要考查动词不定式用作逻辑主语。
句意是:“许多人因为战争失去了家园。
对人们来说,拥有一个和平的世界很重要。
”此句结构为“It is adj.for sb.to do sth.”,It 为形式主语,真正的逻辑主语为动词不定式,所以本题正确答案为D 项。
二、考查动词不定式作宾语在英语中,decide,want,choose,hope,wish,plan,need,agree,offer,refuse,prepare 等动词,后可以直接跟不定式作宾语。
【例2】(2022年湖南益阳中考卷)—Tom,do you think reading is important?—Yes,I do.So I decide more time on reading from now on.A.spendB.spendingC.to spendD.to spending解析:本题考查动词不定式作宾语。
句意是:“汤姆,你觉得阅读重要吗?”“是的,所以我决定从现在开始花更多时间来阅读。
”decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”,所以空格处应填动词不定式,在句中用作宾语,故正确答案为C 项。
动词不定式在句子中可以作主语

动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语、同位语和独立成分。
to be doing是进行时态,如They seemd to be talking abaot something important (他们似乎在谈论重要的事情).不定式谈论的动作同谓语动词的动作是同时发生的注意:不定式的复合结构作主语时,“ It be + 形容词 +of sb to do sth ”句型应表示人的特征的形容词,且可以转换成“ sb be + 形容词 +to do sth ”句型;而“ It +be + 形容词 +forsb to do sth “句型用于表示事情本身的特征,不能倒过来说。
如:It's foolish of Jimmy to make suc(转载自出国留学网,请保留此信息。
)h a decision.(=Jimmy is foolish to make such a decision)吉米做出这样的决定是愚蠢的。
六、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构“疑问词 + 动词不定式”相当于名词,可以在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。
如:The little girl didn't know what to do next. 那小女孩不知道下一步怎么办动词不定式的用法动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课本中的一个重点,也是中考必考查的一个项目。
下面我们对动词不定式做一简要归纳,以帮助同学们学习和参考。
动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成 (有时可以不带to)。
其否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。
它属于一种非谓语动词的形式,在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化,但它可以保留动词的性质,其本身可以带宾语或状语等附加成分(不定式和其附加成分称为不定式短语)。
动词不定式(短语)的句法功能非常广泛,在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分。
一、作主语(1)动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用单数。
动词不定式的句子成分

宾语
(2) I decide not to play computer games any more.
三、动词不定式作宾语补足语(宾补):
宾语
ask sb. to do sth.; tell sb. to do sth. ; want sb. to do sth.
allow sb. to do sth.等 如 (1)It allows people to get closer to them.
之后表做语__________Fra bibliotek__。本内容仅供参考,如需使用,请根据自己实际情况更改后使用!
放映结束 感谢各位批评指导!
让我们共同进步
宾补
(2)Mother often tells me to study hard.
宾补
总结:1.当不定式直接跟在动词之后,是作宾语;
2.当不定式之前有sb./sth.时,是作宾补。
四、动词不定式作后置定语: 如 (1) Can you give me something to eat? (作后置定语)
二、动词不定式作宾语:
decide to do sth. ; try to do sth. ; want to do sth. ;
plan to do sth. promise to do sth. ; forget to do sth.等
(1) I plan to stay there for three days.
(2) I have a lot of homework to do. (3) Many wild animals don’t have a safe place to live. 五、动词不定式作状语: 如 (1) I usually go home to have lunch. (作状语,表目的) (2) I’m sorry to hear your mother is ill. (作状语,表原因) (3) I’m excited to see pandas. (作状语,表原因)
动词不定式的用法总结

动词不定式的用法总结
1.作为句子的主语:
Ex: To study English is important for success.
2.作为句子的宾语:
Ex: I want to learn how to play the guitar.
3.作为动词的宾语补语:
Ex: She found it difficult to understand the instructions.
4.与一些动词连用,构成特定的动词短语:
Ex: I need to go to the store.
He wants to buy a car.
5.作为目的状语,表示动作的目的或意图:
Ex: He went to the library to study.
6.作为结果状语,表示结果或后果:
Ex: She studied hard to pass the exam.
7.作为方式状语,表示动作的方式或方法:
Ex: He walked slowly to avoid falling.
8.与形容词连用,表示主语的特征或状态:
Ex: She is happy to see her friends.
9.与副词连用,表示副词的程度或程度的变化:
Ex: He tried to be more careful.。
不定式作状语和宾补的区别

不定式作状语和宾补的区别不定式在英语语法中扮演着多种角色,其中包括作状语和宾补两种用法。
虽然它们都是用不定式作为核心,但在句子中所承担的功能和语法结构有所不同。
本文将详细探讨不定式作状语和宾补的区别。
一、状语短语不定式作状语时,通常用来修饰或说明动词、形容词、副词、并提供一些额外信息。
它可以回答如何、为何、在何时何地、以及用什么方式等问题。
通常,不定式作状语可以分为四类:目的状语、结果状语、方式状语和时间状语。
1. 目的状语不定式作目的状语强调一个行为或目的,表示为了达到一个特定的目标或目的而进行的动作。
在句子中,目的状语通常出现在动词之后,前面使用to不定式结构。
例如:- He went to the supermarket (to buy) some groceries.(他去超市买一些杂货。
)- I am studying hard (to pass) the exam.(我正在努力学习以便通过考试。
)2. 结果状语不定式作结果状语表示动作的结果或效果。
结果状语通常出现在动词之后,前面使用to不定式结构。
例如:- She ran fast (to catch) the bus.(她跑得很快,以便赶上公共汽车。
)- They work hard (to achieve) success.(他们努力工作以取得成功。
)3. 方式状语不定式作方式状语表示动作发生的方式或方式,它回答了“如何”的问题。
方式状语通常出现在动词之后,前面使用to不定式结构。
例如:- They communicated clearly (to avoid) misunderstandings.(为了避免误解,他们进行了明确的沟通。
)- He walked slowly (to show) his tiredness.(他慢吞吞地走着,表达出他的疲倦。
)4. 时间状语不定式作时间状语表示动作发生的时间或时间。
它回答了“何时”的问题。
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动词不定式作目的状语英语中的动词不定式具有副词的功能,可以在句子中作状语,表示多种意义。
在这里就动词不定式作目的状语进行单独讨论。
一、不定式和不定式短语作目的状语不定式和不定式短语作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。
为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加in order to或so as to。
例如:rve writte n it dow n in order not to forget.He shouted and waved so as to be no ticed.在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语,表示的是主语的目的,因此,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
比较:To draw maps properly, you n eed a special pen.(正)To draw maps properly, a special pen is n eeded.(误)由in order to引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首,而由so as to引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾,而不能置于句首。
比较:They started early in order to get there in time .(正)In order to get there in time , they started early.(正)They started early so as to get there in time .(正)So as to get there in time, they started early.(误)二、不定式的复合结构作目的状语当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时,要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加for +名词或宾格代词)作状语。
例如:He ope ned the door for the childre n to come in.She fetched several bottles which she placed on the coun ter for Harry to in spect.三、目的状语从句与不定式的转换英语中的目的状语从句,还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语,从而使句子在结构上得以简化。
可分为两种情况:1. 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时,可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。
例如:We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.2. 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时,要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。
例如:I came early in order that you might read my report before the meet ing.I came early (in order) for you to read my report before the meet ing.动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式既有动词的性质,又有名词的性质。
它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语。
动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等:动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语,常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。
不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型:(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语)一、许多动词可跟一个宾语+ to do…构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语;否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do …”。
例如:do sb/sth to do sthMy boss told me to type out two letters.分析:句中“ My boss”做主语,“told ”作谓语,“ m6'作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
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They forbade her to leave the country.适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise , allow , ask, beg, cause , direct , encourage , expect , forbid , force , invite , order , permit , persuade , remind , request , require , teach , tell , want, warn 等。
二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:I con sider him to be the best can didate.分析:句中“ I ”做主语,“ consider ”作谓语,“ him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
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I know him to be a liar.I suppose him to be away from home.适用于“动词+宾语+to be…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:consider , declare , discover , feel , find , suppose 等。
三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:He saw her en ter the room. 分析:句中“ He”做主语,“saw ”作谓语,“ her ”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
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She won't let me do it.I heard her lock the door.We watched the childre n play games.适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:feel , have, hear, let , make, notice , observe , see, watch 等。
还有两个词组:listen to , look at.注意:这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前加to。
请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。
例如:A child was see n to en ter the buildi ng.She was ofte n heard to sing this song.四、help后的不定式可加to ,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to。
例如:r II help you(to) push the cart.分析:句中“I”做主语,“ will help ”作谓语,“ you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
上句的被动语态为:You'll be helped to push the cart.五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:He shouted to me to come over.分析:句中“ He”做主语,“ shouted ”作谓语,“ to ”为介词,“ m6'作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
请看下列句子,句子的结构为“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”,戈U线部分为不定式,作宾语补足语。
请看下面的句子。
I depe nd on you to do it.I am coun ti ng on you to help me through.适用于“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:shout to sb.to do, call on sb. to do , count on sb. to do , depend on sb. to do , wait for sb. to do六、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式:He was known to have worked for the Intern ati onal Olympic Committee.was known ”作谓语,使用了被动语态。
由句意可知,“为国 “大家知道”发生在后。
故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾They are believed to have discussed the problem.He is believed to be living in Mexico.分析:句中“ He”做主语,“ isbelieved ”作谓语,使用了被动语态。
由于句子表达主语现 在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中戈U 线部分作宾语补足语。
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Thousa nds were reported to be worki ng in concen trati on camps.He is thought to be hid ing in the woods.间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。
例如:She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.八、 不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式:he did n't want her son to be take n away.分析:句中“ She ”做主语,“ did n't want ”作谓语,“ her son ”作宾语,由于“ her son ” 与“ take away ”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。
请看下列 句子。
rd like this room to be redecorated.He did n't wish the subject to be men ti oned in the letter. 分析:句中“ He ”做主语, 际奥委会工作”发生在前, 语补足语。
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