大学英语中西方文化第二讲
论大学英语教学中的中西方文化导入策略——以《世纪英语综合教程》为例
二、 结合词汇解析其中的文化 内涵
在涉 及到 Ｃ ｉ ｉ ｅＵ ｉ３ Ｂ ｏ ２ 时 ， 中有很多饮食方面 的词汇 ， ｕ ｓｎ ｛ｎ ｔ ， ｏ ｋ ） 其 可 谈谈 中西方饮食文化的差异。 西方烹调讲究营养而忽视 味道 ， 是一种理性饮食观念。 不论食物的色 、 香 、 形如 何 ， 营养一定要 得到保证 ， 味、 而 讲究一天要 摄取多少热 量、 维生 素 、 白质等等。即便 口味千篇一律 ， 蛋 也一定要吃下去—— 因为有营养。比 如牛排 的制作， 不管怎么豪华高档 的餐厅 ， 从洛杉矶到纽约 ， 牛排都只有一 种味道 ， 艺术可 言。作为菜肴 ， 无 纵然有 搭配， 那也是在盘 中进行的， 一盘
１ ｓ ｉｈ ． ｔ ｉ ｅ ｓ ｙ ｄ ｓ ｕｓ ｅ ｔ ｅ ｉ ｐ ｒ ａ ｃ ａ ｄ ｓ ｒ ｔ ｇｉ ｓ ｏ Ｃ ｎ ｅ ａ ｄ ｆ ｒｅ ｇ ｃ ｌ ｕ ｅ ｉ ｔ ｏ ｕ ｔ ｏ ｉ ｃ ｌ ｅ ｅ ｈＳ ｓ ａ ｉｃ ｓ ｓ ｈ ｍ ｏ ｔ ｎ ｅ ｎ ｔ ａ ｅ ｅ ｆ ｈｉ ｅｓ ｎ ｏ ｉ ｎ ｕｔｒｓ ｎｒｄｃｉｎ ｎ ｏ ｌ ｇ ｐ ｒ ｏ ｅ ｏ ｒ ａ ｈ ｎ ｔ ｅ ｆｉ ａｌ ｇ ａｌ ｉ ｆ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｌ ｎ ｕ ｇ ｕ ｐ ｓ ｆ ｅｃｉｇ ｈ ｎ ｏ ｎ ｏ ｅ ｇ ａ ｇ ａ ｅ Ｅ ｇ ｓ ｔ ａ ｈ ｎ ｐ ｏ ｅ ｓ ｆ ｏ ｓ ｖ ｒ ｌ ａ ｇ ｅ ｔ ｓ ｒｖ ｔ ？ ｎｌ ｈ ｉ ｅｃｉｇ ｒ ｃ ｓ ｒ ｍ ｅ ｅ ａ ｎ ｌ ｓ ｏ ｅ ｅ ｈ
科 学 论 坛
论大学英语教学 中的中西方 文化 导人策略
一 一
以《 世纪 英语综合教程》 为例
弋 亚娜
【 摘 （ 河南机 电高等专科学校外语系 河 南新乡 ４ ３ ０ ） ５ ０ ２ 要】 语言是文化的载体 ， 语言与文化是密不可分 的。文化 的差异必然造成词 义、 语用 等方面的差异 本文 以《 世纪英语综合教程》 教材为 出发 文化 差异 文化导入
大学英语词汇教学与中西方文化对比
大学英语词汇教学与中西方文化对比随着全球化进程的加速，人们的跨文化交流也日益增多，英语作为全球通用语言，不仅为全球人们的沟通提供了高效便捷的工具，也成为了跨文化交流的主要媒介。
词汇作为语言的基础，不仅是语言表达的重要组成部分，更是文化特征的重要体现。
因此，在英语教学中，加强对词汇的文化解读和对比研究，有助于学生了解中西方文化差异，增进跨文化交流的能力，提高语言教学的质量。
本文将从中西方文化对比的角度，探讨大学英语词汇教学中的文化因素。
一、西方文化词汇特点2.民主自由西方国家注重民主自由，推崇个人权利和自由主义，因此相关词汇较多。
例如，“democracy”（民主），“freedom”（自由），“equality”（平等），“rights”（权利）等词汇，都是西方文化中常见的词汇。
3.商业文化西方国家发达的商业活动也反映在词汇中。
例如，“market”（市场），“commerce”（商业），“consumer”（消费者），“brand”（品牌）等词汇，展现了西方文化的商业特征。
1.礼仪习俗中西方礼仪习俗大相径庭，所以在有关礼貌和社交方面的词汇有很大的不同。
例如，“bow”在西方文化中是低头示意，而在中国文化中是鞠躬致意；“handshake”在西方文化中是正式的问候方式，而在中国文化中一般是用于交友；“kowtow”在中国文化中是一种崇拜和表示敬意的礼仪，而在西方文化中似乎并没有对应的词汇。
2.家庭观念中西方家庭观念的不同也反映在词汇中。
例如，“filial piety”（孝顺）是中国传统文化中的一个重要价值观，而在西方文化中并没有同样的词汇。
相反，“nuclear family”（核心家庭）和“extended family”（大家庭）是西方文化中常见的家庭形态概念，而在中国文化中则很少听到这些词汇。
3.职业观念中西方职业观念的差异体现在职业名称和描述方面。
例如，“doctor”（医生）在西方文化中非常醒目，而在中国文化中“中医师”、“西医师”等更具体的职业名称更为常见；“teacher”（教师）在西方文化中则代表一种高贵、神圣的职业，而在中国文化中更强调教师的实践性和教育效果。
中西方文化差异与大学英语教学
性 和必 要性 ， 认为 对 学 生进 行文 化知 识教 育应 注重 课 堂讲 解 ， 导学 生课 外 阅读 ， 设文 化课 程 和 定期 放映 有 指 开 关 西方 社 会文 化 的影 片 。 关 键词 ： 言 ； 化 ； 语 文 差异 ； 典故 中图分 类 号 ： １ ． Ｈ３ ９ ３ 文献 标识 码 ： Ａ 文章 编号 ：０ ８３ ３ （０ ２ ０ －０ ５０ １０－６４ ２０ ）３０８・３
Ｅｎ ｌｓ ｅ ｃ ｉ ｇ ｉｈ ｔ ａ ｈ ｎｇ，ｔ ａ ｈ ｒ ｈ ｕ ｄ ａ ｄ ｓ ｍ ｅ ｒ ｌ ｔ ｅ ｋ ｏ ｌ ｄ ｅ ｏ ｕ ｔ ｒ ｎ ｃ ａ ｓ，ｉ ｓ ｒ ｃ ｔ ｄ ｎ ｓ ｅ ｃ ｅ ｓ ｓ ｏ ｌ ｄ ｏ ｅａ ｉ ｎ ｗ ｅ ｇ ｎ ｃ ｌｕ ｅ ｉ ｌｓ ｖ ｎ ｔ ｕ ｔｓ ｕ ｅ ｔ
Ａｂ ｔ ａ ｔ Ｔｈ ｅ ａ ｉ ｎ ｈ ｐ ｂ ｔ ｅ ａ ｇ ａ ｅ ａ ｄ ｃ ｌｕ ｅ ａ ｌ ａ ｈ ｉｆ ｒ ｎ ｅ ｅ ｗｅ ｎ Ｃｈ ｎ ｓ ｓ ｒ ｃ ： ｅ ｒ ｌ ｔｏ ｓ ｉ ｅ ｗｅ ｎ ｌ ｎ ｕ ｇ ｎ ｕ ｔ ｒ ｓ ｗｅ ｌ ｓ ｔ ｅ ｄ ｆ ｅ ｅ ｃ ｓ ｂ ｔ ｅ ｉ ｅ ｅ ｃ ｌｕ ｅ ａ ｅ ｔ ｒ ｕ ｔ ｒ ｒ ｉ ｃ ｓ ｅ ． Ｔｈｅ ｉ ｏ ｔ ｎ ｅ ａ ｄ ｎ ｃ ｓ ｉｙ ｏ ｕ ｔ ｒ ｌｅ ｕ ａ ｉ ｎ ｉ ｏ — ｕ ｔ ｒ ｎｄ ｗ ｓ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｌｕ ｅ ａ ｅ ｄ ｓ ｕ ｓ ｄ ｍｐ ｒ ａ ｃ ｎ ｅ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｆｃ ｌｕ ａ ｄ ｃ ｔｏ ｎ ｃ ｌ
社会所特 有的风俗 、 习惯 、 信仰及社会结构 。 不同 的社会具有不 同的文化 ， 而不同的文化 造就着不 同的语 言 。语言 是文化 的载 体 ， 化是滋 养语言并使其发展 的土壤 。语 言与文化 的关 系是部分与 整体的关系 。 文
江苏开放大学《大学英语B(2)》综合性大作业
江苏开放大学《大学英语B(2)》综合性大作业LT标题《中西方茶文化差异》正文Differences between Chinese and western tea cultures Tea originated in China, and the earliest writtenrecords date back to the 2nd century BC and then spreadto the west. However, there are different customs fordrinking tea in different cultural backgrounds. Here'sa look at some of the differences between Chinese andwestern tea cultures that have been carefully sortedout for you.(1) different ways of drinking.There are two types of Chinese tea drinking, one is"clear drink", without adding any harmful ingredientsto the original flavor of the tea, and only drink withwater bubbles. The other is "mixed drink", which meansadding salt, sugar and milk to tea according topersonal taste. Currently, this method is mainlyconcentrated in ethnic minority areas.Britons add milk and sugar to their tea to removetheophylline and turn bitter tea into sweet drinks thatsuit their tastes. In addition, the English havereformed the tea itself. Packaged, instant tea scrapsreplace pieces of tea, and Chinese people tend to keepthe whole leaf in boiling water.Western tea can be added milk, sugar, lemon slices and honey, etc., but it is important to note that tea should be poured first, followed by other condiments, in an order that cannot be reversed. After adding the seasonings, stir with the spoon to avoid making too much noise when stirring the tea. Put the spoon on the back of the bowl after stirring.(2) the use of tea sets is differentChina's tea wares are mostly ceramic products, and there are also purple sandboxes for pu 'er tea. The purple sand teapot is breathable, and the pu-erh tea is brewed. The water temperature must be very high. And westerners have a special liking for silver, so most western tea wares are made of silver.The use of tea filters is differentIn China, the chip off a fine cup of tea, such as aged pu-erh tea, need to use iron pot as tools to boil water, then water into the teapot and tea, pour out the first time after water, then add boiled water into the teapot in let stand until the bubble tea, just take a small sample.As is known to all, Chinese people are quite particular about the tea ceremony. In fact, westerners also have a set of etiquette when drinking tea. For example, western teas use a tea strainer, which is placed on a teacup and poured into the cup until it is three-quarters full, so it doesn't spill over the saucer and make a mess.(4) differences in tea drinking etiquette.In the eyes of most Chinese, tea can be drunk at any time. The British are much more tea - loving and tea - respecting. A typical British family drinks tea at least five times a day. When you wake up in the morning, the host will lean on the bed and drink a cup of morning tea to refresh your mind. If there are guests, morning tea is the best way to greet them. Around 11 o 'clock in the morning, black tea with tea; Drink milk tea at lunch; Around five o 'clock in the afternoon is the famous afternoon tea. Drink farewell tea before going to bed at night. In addition, there are many famous tea banquet, garden tea party and so on.(5) differences in the spirit of tea ceremony. Harmony, tranquility, grace and truth are the fournoble truths of Chinese tea ceremony. Harmony is the core of Chinese tea culture philosophy and the soul of tea ceremony. "Quiet" is the only way to practice Chinese tea ceremony. "Just" is the spiritual feeling in the practice of Chinese tea ceremony practice. "True" is the ultimate pursuit of Chinese tea ceremony. Chinese people often drink tea as a spiritual inspiration and emotional sustenance. Unlike the Chinese tea ceremony, the British taste tea more lively and social, emphasizing an elegant style.Oriental tea wares are mostly ceramic products, while western tea wares are mostly silver.Oriental people pay attention to tea ceremony, westerners also have a set of tea ceremony, such as to use a tea filter, to pour tea into the cup to three-quarters full.Chinese tea is the purest flavor of the tea without adding any flavoring to it. Western tea is added milk, sugar, lemon slices and honey, the tea should be poured before adding other condiments, the order cannot be reversed.Tea is not required to be served in the east, but itis often accompanied by tea in the west. The most common ones are Scottish cream biscuits, Victorian muffins and muffins.。
中西方差异(英语)
朋友模式 Model
美国人囗中的朋友定义比较广泛，而且有区隑性；譬如说工作上的朋友、打球的朋友、学校 的朋友、喝酒的朋友等等。 另外美国地域广大，人口流动性也高，而且朋友之间绝少吐露私人的事情， 所以友情是比较"温水"性。中国人的友情通常是"牵一収而动全身"，一言不合就尽量避免跟对方碰面，"起 落"性比较大。中国人朋友之间借钱是相当普遍的，而美国人朋友之间借钱是凤毛麟角的。
Independence 独立性
public due courtes 公众场合应有的礼数
Competition 竞争性
Model 朋友模式
the application mode of money world outlook 金钱的运用模式 世界观
个人主义 Individualism
美国人相当崇尚个人主义， 东方社会 （当然包括中国人） 则强调家族及阶级层次
金钱的运用模式 the application mode of money
中国人通常做的预算都比较保守，而美国的预算则比较接近"极限"，而且往往有消费超过预 算的倾向（跟美国社会大量使用信用卡也有关系）
世界观 world outlook
可能因为美国多年来的兴盛及教育重点在某方面仍有偏颇，美国人多数 "以本国为中心"，对 于别国的认识十分肤浅。中国文化的渊源来自中庸儒学，这决定了中国人非常注重面子，注重尊严，任 何有损于面子及集体尊严的事是不可饶恕的。或者说，中国人的行动准则多少有谦牧自守的传统大国观， 渗透著“己所不欲，勿施于人”的内敛意味。
中西方文化差异英文版ppt课件(0002)
The diet object
China
Western countries
China's cuisine is "taste", so Westerners think the cuisine
the Chinese cooking at the is eat, so a large piece of meat-
Using the encouraging language.
Pay great attention to individual quality and the emotional communication.
Eating and drinking
Section one
Section two
Section three
The western people’s opinion about loving is that “if we are well acquainted with each other ,let us go together.”And they will not contact loving with marriage.
The diet concept
China
Western countries
Chinese food pay more attention to color, aroma, taste, and shape rather than nutrition.
Western food is a rational concept. They think the food’s nutrition is the most important.
selected materials show great eating, whole chickens and
中西方文化大学英语教材
中西方文化大学英语教材Introduction:English language learning has become increasingly important in today's globalized world. As a result, there is a wide range of English textbooks available for university students. In this article, we will compare and analyze the cultural elements found in English textbooks used in universities in both Western and Chinese cultures.Cultural Content in Western English Textbooks:Western English textbooks often aim to expose students to a wide range of cultural topics. For example, textbooks may include sections on literature, music, art, and history. These cultural elements allow students to gain a deeper understanding of Western societies and traditions. They also help students develop a global perspective and foster cultural appreciation.One common topic covered in Western English textbooks is literature. Textbooks may introduce famous literary works, such as Shakespeare's plays or novels by renowned Western authors. By studying these texts, students not only improve their language skills but also gain insights into Western literary traditions and cultural values.Music is another significant aspect covered in Western English textbooks. Students may learn about various music genres, such as classical, jazz, or rock. Additionally, they may explore the historical and cultural influences behind these music styles. This exposure to Western music broadens students' cultural horizons and enhances their language learning experience.Cultural Content in Chinese English Textbooks:In comparison to Western English textbooks, Chinese English textbooks tend to focus more on language acquisition rather than cultural exploration. While there may be some cultural elements incorporated, they are often condensed and integrated into language learning exercises.Chinese English textbooks might introduce Chinese proverbs or idiomatic expressions that reflect specific cultural values. For example, students may learn the proverb "风水轮流转" (fēngshuǐ lúnliú zhuǎn), which means "fortune can change for better or worse." This provides students with a glimpse into Chinese cultural beliefs and mindset.Additionally, Chinese English textbooks may incorporate traditional Chinese festivals and customs. Students might learn about the significance of festivals like Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) or Mid-Autumn Festival, along with associated cultural practices. These topics allow students to understand aspects of Chinese culture while strengthening their language skills.Comparison and Analysis:While Western English textbooks place a heavier emphasis on cultural content, Chinese English textbooks prioritize language acquisition. Both approaches have their merits. Western textbooks expose students to a wide range of cultural topics, facilitating cross-cultural understanding. On the other hand, Chinese textbooks create a more language-focused learning environment.In terms of language fluency and cultural understanding, Western English textbooks may have an advantage. By studying literature and music, students are not only exposed to the language but also the social, historical, and artistic contexts in which it is used. This multi-dimensional approach enhances language fluency and cultural competency simultaneously.However, Chinese English textbooks also play a crucial role by providing students with a solid language foundation. By integrating cultural elements into language exercises, students are exposed to practical language usage while gaining insights into Chinese culture.Conclusion:English textbooks used in universities in both Western and Chinese cultures have unique approaches to incorporating cultural content. Western textbooks focus more on exposing students to various aspects of Western culture, while Chinese textbooks prioritize language acquisition with condensed cultural elements. Both methods contribute to language learning and cultural understanding in their respective contexts. By understanding these differences, educators can select appropriate textbooks to meet the diverse needs of students.。
中西文化差异英文PPT
Western:
1. Western culture is based on individualism rather than on mass (collectivism). For instance, in the US, you always talk about individual rights, instead of placing the whole society above your own self. This is clearly different in China where a country, society or family are placed above your own self.
Chinese:
4. To resolve people and people's relationship, chinese uses ethics and tolerance (中恕之道)
Western:
5. West uses 'god' and religion to resolve human and spiritualism relationship. In case of problems with your own self, you just pray to god.
Chinese:
6. A focus on balance and mean. By 'mean', it means 'middle way'. You don't go into extremism. Peace is always honoured.
Chinese:
7. Pay homage to heaven and earth, as well as bearing a remembrance to the homeland. (敬仰天地,思乡怀土) This was accorded to the fact that chinese had been a farming civilization and therefore will be more prone to remember their land.
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泰勒士(about 624-546 ＊Thales 泰勒士 BCE) known as “Father of Philosophy” 1) Water is the origin and mother-womb of all things. 2)Thales also said that “all things are full of Gods.”
阿里斯多芬） Aristophanes （阿里斯多芬）(about 450-380 BC): Frogs（蛙）, Clouds（云）, Wasps（马蜂）, （ （ （马蜂） Birds（鸟） （ 希罗多德） Herodotus （希罗多德）(484-430 BC):History 修昔底得） Thucydides (修昔底得）(about 460-404 BC)— 修昔底得 history of Peloponesian War
The Milesians shifted from traditional thinking in terms of mythology(神话）to mythology(神话）to a rational, more scientific thinking pattern.
Their philosophical view:
Pre-Socratic philosophers
1.The Milesians : Thales 米利都学派：代表人物 –泰勒斯 ■ 2.The Pythagoreans: Pythagoras 毕达哥拉斯学派：代表人物—毕达哥拉斯 ■ 3.Heraclitus (赫拉克里特) ■ 4.Parmenides（巴门尼德) ■ 5. The Pluralists (多元素论者） ■ 6. The Atomist: Democritus 原子论者:代表人物—德谟克利特
• Cultural background of ancient Greek
• Pre-Socratic philosophy
• The sophists, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
2
Homer (荷马about 9th
century BC-8th century BC)
■
The Birthplace of Western Wisdom
Presocratic philosopher What is permanent in existence?
The birth place of Greek philosophy was the seaport town of Miletus, located across the Aegean Sea from Athens, on the west shores of Ionia in Asian Minor. So the philosophers are called either Milesians or Ionians. These first Greek philosophers focused on nature, and their philosophy or rather phusis (自然哲学) mainly concerns the study of nature, with “arche (本原/始基) as its central issue.
Father of the Western Philosophy ——Thales ——Thales
Ancient Greek olive mill and olive press
About Thales’ claim “Everything is made of water”: • Questions Solutions provided by proof Conclusion Implications
Socrates’ Predecessors
Ancient Greek Philosophy
The sophists, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Hellenistic
Wonder is the foundation of all philosophy, inquiry the progress, ignorance the end. -----Montaigne -----Montaigne
＊Anaximenes阿那克西美尼(about 585-528 B.C) Attempting to mediate between the two views of his predecessors, he designated air as the primary substance from which all things come. To explaቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱn this, he argued that things are what they are by virtue of how condensed or expanded the air is that makes up those things. In making this point he introduced the important new idea that differences in quality are caused by differences in quantity.
Ancient philosophy (c. 600 B.C.–c. A.D. 400)
Ancient Greek philosophy is the philosophy of the Graeco-Roman world from the sixth century (c. 585 B.C.) to the fourth century A.D. It is usually divided into three periods: the pre-Socratic period, the periods of, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, and the post-Aristotelian (or Hellenistic) period. The most important of the ancient philosophers (in terms of subsequent influence) are Plato and Aristotle. The themes of ancient philosophy are: understanding the fundamental causes and principles of the universe; explaining it in an economical and uniform way; the epistemological problem of reconciling the diversity and change of the natural universe, with the
＊Anaximander 阿那克西曼德(about 610- 546 阿那克西曼德 B.C.)
1）. He agreed with his teacher that there is some single basic stuff out of which everything comes. But Anaximander believed that the primary substance out of which all these specific things come is an indefinite or boundless realm, which he calls the indeterminate boundless. 2.）The indeterminate boundless is the unoriginated and indestructible primary substance of things, and it has eternal motion. 3). He said that all life comes from the sea and suggested that people evolved from creatures of a different kind.
Homer:
-- described the scene of Mount Olympus -- depicted Gods with much human features but he also suggested a impersonal force controlling the structure of the universe.
• Iliad • Odyssey
Lyric Poets:
萨福） Sappho （萨福）(about 612-580 BC)
品达) Pindar (品达 (about 518_438 BC) 品达
埃斯库罗斯） Aeschylus （埃斯库罗斯）(525-456 BC): Prometheus Bound（被缚的普罗米修斯）, （被缚的普罗米修斯） Persians（波斯人）, Agamemon （阿伽门农） 阿伽门农） （波斯人） 索福克勒斯） Sophocles （索福克勒斯）(496-406 BC): Oedipus the King（奥狄浦斯王）, Electra（埃勒克特 （奥狄浦斯王） （ 拉）, Antigone（安提戈涅） （安提戈涅） Euripides（欧里庇德斯）（484-406 BC) : Euripides（欧里庇德斯）（ ）（ Andromache（安德洛玛刻）, Medea（美狄 （安德洛玛刻） （ 亚）, Trojan Women（特洛伊妇女） （特洛伊妇女）
possibility of obtaining fixed and certain knowledge about it; questions about things which cannot be perceived by the senses, such as numbers, elements, universals, and gods; the analysis of patterns of reasoning and argument; the nature of the good life and the importance of understanding and knowledge in order to pursue it; the explication of the concept of justice, and its relation to various political systems. In this period the crucial features of the philosophical method were established: a critical approach to received or established views, and the appeal to reason and argumentation.