水文与水资源专业英语文章翻译
英语介绍水资源的作文
英语介绍水资源的作文Title: Water ResourcesWater is one of the most important resources on Earth. It is vital for all living organisms and plays a key role in many areas of our lives, such as agriculture, industry, transportation, and recreation. However, access to clean and safe water is still a challenge for many people and communities around the world.Water resources can be divided into two categories: surface water and groundwater. Surface water refers to the water that is visible on the Earth's surface, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. Groundwater, on the other hand, is water that is found beneath the Earth's surface, in natural underground reservoirs called aquifers.Water resources are not evenly distributed around the world. Some regions are abundant in water, while others areseverely lacking. For example, water is plentiful in places like Canada and Russia, but is scarce in parts of Africa and the Middle East. In addition, climate change is exacerbating water scarcity in many regions, as changing weather patterns lead to less rainfall and more frequent droughts.One of the biggest threats to water resources is pollution. Human activities such as industrial production, agriculture, and waste disposal often result in the contamination of water sources, which can have serious health consequences for both humans and wildlife. In addition, the over-extraction of groundwater in some regions is causing depletion of aquifers, which can lead to land subsidence and other geological problems.To ensure the sustainability of our water resources, it is important to adopt a holistic and integrated approach that takes into account the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of water management. This includes strategies toreduce water waste and increase efficiency, promote water conservation and reuse, and protect and restore freshwater ecosystems.In conclusion, water resources are vital for our survival and our planet's health. Ensuring access to clean and safe water for all is a global challenge that requires cooperation and collaboration across sectors and geographical boundaries. By adopting sustainable water management practices, we canhelp to protect this precious resource for future generations.。
大学专业英语给排水专业课文翻译
第7章 水处理工艺选择 流域管理应该被视为给水系统运行的一部分，这对于保护原水水质非常重要。 在取水构筑物之后，是水的处理工艺。目前在市政水处理的预处理工艺有：筛选，预沉淀或 清淤，化学药剂添加和曝气。 筛选应用在地表水的预处理之中。预沉淀常常用于从河水去 除悬浮物质. 化学处理，在水厂内混凝之前，频繁用于提高预沉淀效果，处理难去除的物质， 如味道和气味的化合物、色度，降低高的细菌浓度。用于预沉淀的传统化学药剂是聚合电解 质和明矾。曝气习惯上是从地下水中除铁除锰的第一步，也是分离溶解性气体如硫化氢和二 氧化碳的标准的方法。用于水厂的处理工艺依赖原水水源和所需的出厂水水质。 选择用于 处理的具体化学药剂基于运行所需反应的有效性和成本。例如，活性炭、氯、二氧化氯和高 锰酸钾都可用于味道和气味的控制。虽然价格最低廉，但过量的氯化，会产生不期望出现的 三卤甲烷。在地表水处理厂中经常提供用于投加两到三种除味的化学药剂的设备，所以操作 者可以选择最有效和最经济的化学应用。没有用于各种水体的色度去除的固定方法。经过足 够预处理明矾混凝，采用化学氧化药剂或者活性炭，可能提供满意的去除。另一方面，更昂 贵的混凝剂有可能证明更加有效并降低整体化学药剂成本。也许在水处理工艺设计要考虑最 重要的是提供灵活性。操作者应该有一些手段来改变某些化学药剂的应用点（投加点）。例 如，加氯的投药管线常常提供满足前投加、中间投加、后投加氯的要求。应该提供多种药剂 进料器和存储容器，使处理工艺能采用不同的化学药剂。原水水质的降解，或者药剂成本的 改变，可能决定了在混凝中混凝剂和助凝剂使用药剂类型的改变。在地表水处理厂情况下， 预留场地以背建额外的预处理设施建设空间是值得考虑的。河水流量可能由于水坝的建设、 渠道的改进或者上游用水而改变。水质会因人为改变和流域的侵占而改变源于市政和工业废 物和农业地表径流的污染物浓度可能增加。湖泊会变得更加富营养化。通过增加曝气装置容 量、增加加氯量，使用沉淀池作为调节池，安装完毕后，水厂生产能力得到扩大，处理工艺 转变成只去除铁锰。目前该水厂只能够运行曝气氧化去除铁锰与氯化消毒。由于水井供水稳 定，全年的出厂水水质优良。图 2-3 的给水处理厂是一个始建于 1950 年代的传统的地表水 处理厂。从那时起，湖水水源日益富营养化，已经提供额外的设备进行味道与气味的控制。 在较差原水水质的关键时期，活性炭、二氧化氯和各种用于提高药品处理的辅助药剂目前是 适宜的。在一年之中的大部分时间，最终出水是非常可口的，但是在春秋季节的湖泊倒层期 间，味道和气味不能够被完全去除。对于水质剧烈变化的浑浊污染的河水而言，应该采用一 个复杂而灵活的处理系统。一般的处理方案包括：用于沉砂的普通沉淀，混合与沉淀，必要 的情况下采用混凝剂；分离处根据原水水质的变化，这个水厂的运行每天都会改变，每个季 节都会改变。即使这样，一些难处理的无机或有机物质仍然能够通过复杂的处理系统。 理以实现部分软化；在澄清池中的絮凝，双媒过滤，加氯获得余氯，pH 调节和结垢控制。 一个河水处理厂应该具有足够的工艺高度，以防止任何污染紧急事件短流的可能性。 第8章 混凝 显然，如果在水的混凝与软化过程中的化学反应将要发生的话，那么化学药剂必须与水进行 混合。在这一章节我们将要开始关注必要的物理方法以完成混凝与软化的过程。 下面将要提出的基本原理对于混合、絮凝以及过滤的操作都是适用的。或者，或者称为快速 混合，是由此化学药剂快速均匀的分布到水中的过程。理想状态下，化学药剂会迅速分散到 水中。在混凝和软化的过程中， 在快速混合中发生的化学反应形成了沉淀。在混凝过程中 形成氢氧化铝或氢氧化铁，而在软化过程中形成碳酸钙和氢氧化镁。在形成沉淀后，有必要 使它们互相碰触，以使得它们能够聚集，然后形成更大的颗粒，叫做絮体。这个接触的过程 叫做絮凝，它是通过缓慢、柔和的混合完成的。在给水处理与污水处理的过程中，混合的程
关于水资源英文作文
关于水资源英文作文1. What is your opinion on the current state of water resources?Water resources are a crucial part of our daily lives, and it is alarming to see the current state of water resources around the world. Many regions are facing severe water shortages due to climate change, pollution, and overuse. In some areas, people have to travel long distances to access clean water, while others are forced to rely on contaminated water sources. It is essential that we take immediate action to conserve and protect our water resources for future generations.2. What are some of the challenges we face in managing water resources?Managing water resources is a complex task that requires a multi-faceted approach. One of the biggest challenges we face is ensuring equitable access to waterresources for all people. Additionally, we need to find ways to reduce water waste and pollution, improve water quality, and increase water efficiency in agriculture and industry. Climate change also poses a significant threat to water resources, as rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns can lead to droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events.3. What are some solutions to address the water crisis?To address the water crisis, we need to implement a combination of short-term and long-term solutions. Short-term solutions include improving water efficiency in households, industries, and agriculture, as well as investing in water infrastructure such as pipelines and storage facilities. Long-term solutions include promoting sustainable water use practices, protecting water sources from pollution and overuse, and investing in research and development of new technologies for water management. It is also important to raise awareness about the importance of water conservation and encourage individuals to make small changes in their daily lives to reduce water waste.4. How can individuals contribute to conserving water resources?Individuals can contribute to conserving water resources in many ways. Some simple steps include taking shorter showers, fixing leaky faucets, using water-efficient appliances, and watering plants during cooler times of the day. People can also reduce their water footprint by eating a plant-based diet, reducing meat consumption, and choosing products that require less water to produce. Additionally, individuals can support organizations and initiatives that promote water conservation and advocate for policies that protect water resources.。
水资源的英文作文
水资源的英文作文水资源的英文作文（通用20篇）水资源的`英文作文篇1The Importance of WaterWater is the basis of life. Animals and plants need water. So do we. Without food, we can live for a week, but we can't live for three days without water.Water also plays an important part in our daily life, because we have to clean our teeth, wash our faces and take a shower every day. In addition, water is needed in cooking as well.Even though our earth is rich in water resource, there are still many places lack of water, because of the water pollution. It's a great pity that few people have realized the importance of water protection. If we continue to pollute the water, we will have no water to drink and die of thirst. So we must cherish the water resource.水资源的英文作文篇2Water is very important to us.Because we use water everywhere.We use water to brush our teeth,wash our bowl,wash our cloth and take a shower.Even the firemen use water to put out fires;the famers use water to irrigate their corps and the chef use water to cook.As you can see,water is so important that we should save our water when we use it.水资源的英文作文篇3water is very important for living things. without water there can be no life on earth. all animals and plants need water. man also needs water.water is found atmosteverywhere. even in the driest part of the world there is some water in the air.as we all have found out, water may be a solid, or a liquid or a gas.when it isa solid, it may be as hard as brick, when itis a liquid, you can pour it out of a container. when it is a gas, you cannot see or feel it.although about 70 percent of the earth's surface is covered with water,there are many places in the world still running out of water. so we should make good use of water on earth.水资源的英文作文篇4Saving WaterThe world is not only hungry,but also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75 % of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea water, or salt water.Man can only drink and use the other 3% -- the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes,underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water, which is constantly being replaced by rainfall, is still enough for us.But our need for water is increasing rapidly-- almost day by day. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. A limited water supply would have a bad effect on agriculture and industry. Let me give you just one small exampie of how necessary water is to industry. Did you know that to produce a single ton of steel, it takes about 91, 000 liters of water?We all have to learn how to stop wasting our precious water.One of the first steps we should take is to develop ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this field, but only on a small scale. For us, the systems are as important as thespacecraft.水资源的英文作文篇5As we know water is made up of our life,we could not leave without water.No water will no we.Water is needed more and more,because our industry and agriculture produce developed fast.Somewhere water are scare,and some rivers are no water in them.But just little water is polluted,more waste water did not handled and discharge into river.Around us there are a lot of students don't pay attention to save water,for example: after they washing their face and rinsing the mouth,they don't turn off the water tap .Let the water flowing day and night. What a pity!Expect the tings I just mention,there are more and more in our life.So now I hope our students take care of wate.And the same time we need do things to prevent water pollute as we can do .That's what I want to say.Why not do it right now,come on . 水资源的英文作文篇6Spring is the best season of a year. The weather gets warmer and Waemer. My classmates and I took a one-day sightseeing tour around our city. The scene was very beautiful. But when we saw the rivers along our city, I felt very sorry and thought a lot.With the development of; modern industry and agriculture, more and more waste is being poured into rivers. It has caused serious pollution. The rivers are becoming so dirty that nothing can live in them. The rivers are giving off a terrible smell.We make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation. Our government should build various facilities such as sewage treatment plant and encourage scientists to work out more and better ways to reduce waterpollution.Water is the source of our lives. It is very important to protect the water.水资源的英文作文篇7Water is essential to living things. For instance, if there is no enough water in a human body, a person may feel uncomfortable or get sick easily. T o make matters worse, one may die of thirst. Similarly, plants may wither or die for lack of water. It is apparent that all living things need water to keep alive.Judging from the importance of water, we should know how to conserve water. The first thing is to stop polluting water because what we really need is clean water. At the same time, be sure to turn off the faucet immediately after using water. And we should make efficient use of water to avoid wasting it. One way is to recycle as much water as possible. To sum up, we should economize on water so as to maintain the abundance of water, which is an indispensable element of life.水资源的英文作文篇8Water is very important to us,we can't live without water.Water pollution is a serious problem,it causes our drinking water becomes less .I think we should protect the water and reuse them,such as don't pour the waste water into the river,remember not to spit into the river and don't throw rubbish into the river and so on.We shoule save water .If we do these well,the water will be cleaner.If we don't save water,the last drop of water will be our tear.I really hope the government can do something useful to protect the water.水资源的英文作文篇9Who is willing to drink the polluted water? It can cause us to be ill and even to die. We can't wait for a moment to protect ourwater sources. The water we use comes from oceans, lakes, rivers or streams. But many of these water sources are getting seriously polluted. Towns and cities are pouring dust into the water.Many people are throwing all kinds of dirty things into the water. Factories are pouring waste material into the water. Therefore, water sources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use. Now it is high time that we should do something to protect our water environment from being polluted.水资源的英文作文篇10Who is willing to drink the polluted water? It can cause us to be ill and even to die. We can't wait for a moment to protect our water sources. The water we use es from oceans, lakes, rivers or streams. But many of these water sources are getting seriously polluted. Towns and cities are pouring dust into the water.Many people are throwing all kinds of dirty things into the water. Factories are pouring waste material into the water. Therefore, water sources have bee so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use. Now it is high time that we should do something to protect our water environment from being polluted.水资源的英文作文篇11As humanwe should know it is so important that the water for us.about 70% composition of a person's body is water.and we can leave off food to live for long time(at least 7 days) but not more than 72 hours we will die if we leave the water.the reality now days is the resources of water lacked day by day .this require us must save in useing water.how to do it?in public bathroomwe shouldn't keep the clean water running without stop in familywe should save water toothe waterafter washing fruit and vegetables can used in cleanning floor.and the last time of water by washing face also can be used in wash toiletand so on.....水资源的英文作文篇12Water is very important to us.If you don't have water for three days,you will die.We can use water for flowers,swimming,washing and many different things.We use it to cook,make electricity,put out fires and so on.We use millions of liters of water every day.Do you know how does the water come to your home?It travels through water pipes.Some are long and wide but some are short and narrow.Then the water travels through the water pipes to the reservoirs.Then it travels through the water pipes to the river and to the special factories (we call water plants) that purify the water.When the water is purified,we can drink it.Please don't leave garbage in the water on which we line,and keep the water clean.水资源的英文作文篇13Water is very important to us.If there is no water we will die. We can eat nothing for few days but we must drink water every day. Besides if there is no water the plants will not grow and the animals will not live. Therefore there will no food for us. But the water has been severely polluted nowadays. Much water is not suitable for drinking. For our human beings and our planet we must protect water.Without it there would be no life any longer in earth.水资源的英文作文篇14I used to pouring away the water directly after I using it. Someday, my mother asked me to help her wash the clothes, asI was about to pour away the water, my mother stopped me and she told me that most water can be recycled. It can be used to water the flower or to wash other things. From then on, I realize how to save water.水资源的英文作文篇15Water is very important for living things.Without water there can be no life on earth.All animals and plants need water.Man also needs water.Nowadays,the water pollution phenomenon can be seen everywhere.The factory let the waste into the rivers.People throw the rubbish into the rivers too.At last the water can't be drank.Some places even appear water poisoning.We have to stop these activities.We should step from a small startto protect water resources.Although about 70 percent of the earth's surface is covered with water,there are many places in the world still running out of water.So we should protect our water on earth.I have some suggestions: we can recycle washing clothes to water the plants or flush the toilet water; when we wash our hands, if we rub soap can turn the tap to temporarily close etc.. 水资源的英文作文篇16One day, my mother was washing the radishes, and the water in the faucet was very large.So xiao qiang came over and said to his mother, "when my mother washes the radishes, the water needs to be opened a little bit." Mother heard, and immediately turned off the water in the faucet, and mother praised xiaoqiang is a water saving little friend.水资源的英文作文篇17he world is not only hungry,but also thirsty for water. Thismay seem strange to you, since nearly 75 % of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% -- the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes,underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water, which is constantly being replaced by rainfall, is still enough for us. But our need for water is increasing rapidly-- almost day by day. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. A limited water supply would have a bad effect on agriculture and industry. Let me give you just one small exampie of how necessary water is to industry. Did you know that to produce a single ton of steel, it takes about 91, 000 liters of water?We all have to learn how to stop wasting our precious water. One of the first steps we should take is to develop ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this field, but only on a small scale. For us, the systems are as important as the spacecraft.水资源的英文作文篇18One day, xiaoming saw his mother washing white lob, the water in the basin was flowing away, the faucet was still running, xiao Ming hurriedly said: "mom, turn off the tap."His mother turned off the faucet and said, "what's wrong?" Xiao Ming frowned and said, "we should save water. We have a lot of water in our country." "I know, xiao Ming is a good boy. I know how to save water. I won't waste water anymore." "Xiao Ming is happy to say:" know the wrong and change the goodmodel."水资源的英文作文篇19It was noon, and mother went to wash the radishes and vegetables.Mother first fill up the water, then take the white radish to take up again blunt, want to blunt clean. The head of the water was open, and the water in the bucket was filled to the outside. Mother did not see, did not know that the water can be wasted, mother did not care. A baby brother came and told his mother: mom, water is a resource, not a waste of ah, we want to get into the habit of saving water, so that when we thirst after can have water to drink. Otherwise, the water is all wasted, we will spend all of our money, we should keep the habit of saving water.水资源的英文作文篇20As we know, water is very important to man, we can’t live without water. The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less. But some people don’t care about it. They waste a lot of water in their daily life. Even worse, they pour dirty water into rivers. They throw rubbish into rivers, too. Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted. Something must be done to stop the pollution.And I think it’s a great sham e to waste while millions are in great need of water. I think what we can do is that we have to save every drop of water as possible as we can. For example, we must turn off the tap immediately after we use it. We can use a basin to wash our hands and face s. It’s also a good idea to encourage my friends and family members to join me! Only in this way can we live happily.If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us. I believe if everyone makes a little effort, we can makea big difference.。
水资源短缺的优秀英语作文带翻译
水资源短缺的优秀英语作文带翻译Water Scarcity: A Global CrisisWater is an essential resource for all living beings. It is vital for our survival, health, and well-being. However, water scarcity has become a pressing issue in many parts ofthe world. This essay will explore the causes and consequences of water scarcity, as well as potentialsolutions to address this global crisis.Water scarcity occurs when there is not enoughfreshwater available for human and ecological needs. It is mainly caused by a combination of factors, includingpopulation growth, climate change, pollution, and poor water management. Firstly, the rapidly increasing global population puts enormous pressure on water resources, leading to overconsumption and depletion. With more people needing water for drinking, sanitation, and agriculture, the demand surpasses the available supply. Secondly, climate change exacerbates water scarcity as it alters rainfall patterns, causing more frequent droughts and floods. These extreme weather events further disrupt water availability and quality. Additionally, pollution from industrial and agricultural activities contaminates water sources, making them unusable and unsafe for human consumption. Lastly, inadequate water management practices, such as inefficient irrigation systems and lack of infrastructure, contribute to the worsening water scarcity.The consequences of water scarcity are multifaceted and far-reaching. Firstly, it poses a significant threat to humanhealth and sanitation. Without access to clean water, people are at higher risk of waterborne diseases, such as cholera and dysentery. Lack of sanitation facilities further exacerbates this issue, leading to poor hygiene and the spread of infections. Secondly, water scarcity has severe implications for food production and agriculture. Withlimited water resources, farmers struggle to grow crops and raise livestock, leading to decreased agricultural yields and food shortages. This, in turn, increases food prices and exacerbates poverty and hunger. Thirdly, water scarcity also has detrimental impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity. Aquatic habitats and species suffer as water bodies dry up or become polluted, disrupting delicate ecosystems and threatening the survival of many species.To address the water scarcity crisis, a comprehensive approach is needed. Firstly, water conservation andefficiency measures must be implemented on an individual and collective level. This includes promoting awareness about water-saving practices, reducing water waste, and adopting efficient technologies for domestic and industrial use. Additionally, sustainable agriculture practices, such as precision irrigation and crop rotation, can minimize water usage in farming. Secondly, it is crucial to improve water management and infrastructure. This involves investing in water storage and distribution systems, as well as improving water treatment facilities to ensure safe drinking water for all. Moreover, enforcing regulations to prevent water pollution is essential to protect water resources and ecosystems. Lastly, international cooperation is vital to address water scarcity. Sharing best practices, technology transfer, and providing financial assistance to developingcountries can ensure sustainable water management globally.In conclusion, water scarcity is a critical globalcrisis that affects various aspects of human life and the environment. Addressing this issue requires concerted efforts from individuals, governments, and international organizations. By implementing water conservation measures, improving water management, and promoting international cooperation, we can mitigate the consequences of water scarcity and secure access to this precious resource for future generations.。
水资源利用的英文作文
水资源利用的英文作文英文：Water is one of the most important resources on our planet, and its utilization is crucial for our survival. However, with the increasing population and industrialization, the demand for water has been rising, and the availability of fresh water is becoming scarce. Therefore, it is essential to use water resources wisely and efficiently.One way to achieve this is through water conservation. We can conserve water by fixing leaks, using low-flow showerheads and faucets, and reducing our water usage in daily activities such as washing clothes and dishes. By doing so, we can reduce the amount of water wasted and save more water for future generations.Another way to utilize water resources is through water recycling. Wastewater can be treated and reused forirrigation, industrial processes, and even drinking water. This not only saves fresh water but also reduces the pollution of our water sources.Moreover, we can also use technology to improve water utilization. For example, drip irrigation systems candeliver water directly to the roots of plants, reducing water waste and improving crop yields. Smart irrigation systems can also adjust water usage based on weather conditions, soil moisture, and plant needs, further improving water efficiency.In conclusion, water resources are vital for our survival, and we must use them wisely and efficiently.Water conservation, water recycling, and technology can all contribute to improving water utilization and ensuring a sustainable future.中文：水是地球上最重要的资源之一，其利用对我们的生存至关重要。
写水资源的英文作文
写水资源的英文作文英文：Water is an essential resource for all living beings on Earth. However, the availability and quality of water vary greatly across different regions and countries. As a result, water scarcity has become a major issue in many parts ofthe world.One of the main causes of water scarcity is the increasing demand for water due to population growth and economic development. This has led to overuse and depletion of water resources in many areas. Climate change also exacerbates the problem by causing droughts and other extreme weather events that reduce the availability of water.To address this issue, various measures can be taken. One approach is to improve water management practices, such as reducing water waste, increasing water efficiency, andpromoting water conservation. Another approach is to develop alternative water sources, such as desalination, rainwater harvesting, and wastewater treatment.In addition, water scarcity can also be addressed through international cooperation and partnerships. For example, countries can share their water resources and knowledge to ensure sustainable water use and management.Overall, water scarcity is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach. By taking action at the individual, local, and global levels, we can ensure that water remains a sustainable resource for generations to come.中文：水是地球上所有生物的必需资源。
关于水资源的英语作文
关于水资源的英语作文英文回答：Water is an essential component of life and the functioning of ecosystems. It is a finite resource that is essential for human consumption, agriculture, and industry. However, water resources are facing increasing pressure from a growing population, increasing demand, and climate change.One of the most significant challenges to water resources is the increasing demand for water. As the global population grows, so too does the demand for water for drinking, sanitation, and agriculture. This increased demand is putting a strain on water resources in many parts of the world, leading to water shortages and conflicts.Another major challenge to water resources is climate change. Climate change is causing changes in precipitation patterns, which is leading to droughts in some areas andfloods in others. These changes are making it moredifficult to manage water resources and are putting additional strain on water supplies.In addition to these challenges, water resources are also facing pollution from industrial and agricultural activities. This pollution can make water unsafe for drinking and can also damage ecosystems.To address these challenges, it is essential to take action to protect and manage water resources. This includes measures such as increasing water conservation, investing in water infrastructure, and reducing water pollution. It is also important to raise awareness about the importance of water and to encourage people to take steps to protect this vital resource.中文回答：水是生命和生态系统运作的重要组成部分。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
3单元
地下水位的高低可在一年内大幅波动，下降和上升后，在干燥的季节，降水期。
因此，为了保证连续供水，井应穿透许多米水位以下。
当水从井里抽水，它在水面产生抑郁，大致锥形的形状，称为漏斗。
如果抽重，水表不仅可以降低周围的好但还可延伸到大面积。
这在美国西部的部分是这样的。
在这种情况下，可以说，地下水被“开采”。
即使抽人立即停止，它可能需要数百年的地下水得到补充。
下面的例子说明了这一点：
例如，在干燥的美国西南部，含水层补给是每年只有1英寸深的水的十分之二点位置。
在这些地区，这是不寻常的泵两英尺或更多的水用于灌溉和其他用途的每年。
在这个简单的例子，如果整个含水层抽水的速度，每年的开采量将相当于120年和十年的补给，泵将1200年积累的水。
在泵送期间新补给可以忽略不计。
机械问题和经济因素阻止完全脱水的含水层，但原则上是有效的例子。
短期承压是适用于任何情况，地下水位上升，在一个以上的水平，这是最初遇到的。
这样的情况发生，两个条件必须满足：（1）水，必须限制在一个含水层，是倾斜的，一端暴露在表面，在那里可以得到水；和（2）防渗层，上面和下面的含水层，必须防止水逃避，这样一层被窃听，被上面的水的重量产生的压力会使水上升。
如果没有摩擦，井里的水会上升到顶部的水位。
含水层。
自流系统作为管道，将水从很远的偏远地区的充电放电点。
这样水倒在威斯康星州中部年前现在是从地面和社区许多英里远，伊利诺斯。
在南达科他州这样的系统已经从西部的黑山带水，向东跨越国家。
在不同的尺度上，城市供水系统可能是人为的自流系统的例子。
水塔，为抽水，可能是补给区，管道的承压含水层，在家中的自流井的水龙头。
4单元
矿产勘查在世界表明温度在深油、矿产品通常会增加在地表以下深度增加。
在这样的情况下增加温度约0.6度，平均每30米。
因此，当地下水在深循环，它变得激烈，如果它上升到表面，水是温泉。
一些温泉水在美国，特别是在东部，加热这种方式。
在美国，绝大多数的温泉发现于西方。
这种分布的原因是，大部分温泉的热源是冷却的火成岩，它是在西方，火成活动已经最近。
间歇泉是间歇性的温泉或喷泉，水柱喷射的伟大力量在不同的时间间隔，通常上升30-60米。
水流停止后，一列蒸汽冲出，通常以雷鸣般的轰鸣声。
这或许是世界上最著名的间歇泉是黄石公园的老忠实喷发，大约每小时一次。
间歇泉也在世界的其他地区，包括冰岛和新西兰，在那里长期间歇泉，意为“喷泉”或“井喷”这个词。
间歇泉时，地下水是地下室加热。
室底部，水在巨大的压力下，由于上覆水的重量。
因此，一个100度以上的温度就会沸腾所需的前。
例如，在一个300米的室内水下必须达到一个温度近230度才开。
加热使水膨胀，其结果是某些流出的顶部。
这减少了压力，和水变成蒸汽，使间歇泉喷发。
从温泉和间歇泉地下水通常包含在解决方案比其他来源的地下水多材料因为热水比冷水更有效的溶解。
当水中含有大量溶解的二氧化硅，硅华沉积在春天。
石灰石，方解石的一种，是在石灰岩地区温泉特色存款。
一些温泉含硫磺。
除了使水的味道不好，硫发出难闻的气味。
毫无疑问，臭蛋的春天，内华达州，这种情况。
11单元
一种污染物，是任何物质，生物或化学。
在一个可识别的过量的有害的其他理想的生物。
在这个框架内，过量的重金属如发汞；某些放射性同位素；氮，磷，钠；和其他有用的，甚至是必要的元素，以及某些致病性细菌和病毒污染物。
在某些情况下，材料可作为一种污染物，世界人口中的一段特别的虽然它对其他部分不被认为是有害的。
例如，在适当的复合氮超标有害于婴儿，但少了很多成年人如果在所有。
在这样的方式，过多的钠盐通常不是有害的，但它可以制约医疗原因盐的摄入饮食的某些人。
不同的物理，地质，生物环境与地下水污染与地表水污染相比是显著的。
在后者中，流量和氧气和阳光可用液压，随着速度的过程中污染物的稀释和扩散发生，明显不同于地下水，在污染物降解菌的机会通常局限于土壤或几英尺以下。
此外，通过何种渠道地下水运动是非常小的和可变的。
由此，显而易见的是，移动速度大大降低，除非，也许，在大的解决渠道内石灰石，以及分散和稀释的机会是非常有限的。
此外，地下水通常缺乏氧气，这是造成好氧微生物的种类有帮助但这可能提供了一个“幸福之家”厌氧品种。
大多数土壤和岩石物理过滤出固体的能力，包括污染的固体，是公认的。
然而，这种能力会随不同的大小，形状，和滤料颗粒的安排，在选定的沙子和其他材料在水过滤厂使用证明。
也知道，但也许不那么普遍，是粘土和其他矿物捕获和交换的一些元素和化合物的能力时，他们游离在溶液中的正或负电荷的元素或化合物。
这样的交流，随着吸附和沉淀过程中，污染物的捕获是重要的。
这些过程有能力定义的单位是可逆的。
他们也可以很容易地在设计设施正确的污染问题所依托的地质环境，土壤和岩石忽视治疗；这种疏忽可能造成地下水污染。
这是特别重要的在污水土地应用。
很多猜测，争论，研究发生的地下水污染。
地下水污染的主要关注的是化学元素，化合物的引入，和微生物，不含水层，可用于饮用水或是自然发生的，不仅因为该含水层的降解也因为在检测的难度，长期居住，和难度和费用含水层恢复。
强有力的论点是，任何废物或可能的污染物应允许进入地下水系统的任何部分。
这是一个不可能实现的梦想。
相反，答案在于更多的了解自然过程处理废弃物的保证时，土壤和岩石是不能够处理，存储，或回收废物，我们可以发展过程使污染物处理，储存，或可回收。
Extracting and distinguishing environmental change information with high resolution form groundwater and sediments of groundwater system has been the major trend of groundwater sciences towards environmental sciences, This is very useful for forecasting environmental change.4从地下水及其沉积物中提取高分辨率的环境变化信息，实现对环境变化的预警功能是地下水科学向环境科学延伸的重要方向。
5而随着全球淡水资源紧缺的形势不断恶化，全球环境变化，特别是全球气候变化对地下水资源的影响成为水文地质研究的新课题。
5 With fresh water shortage increasingly serious, the research on effect of globle environmental change, especially globle climate change in groundwater resource has become a new area for hydrogeological research.
4depleted in K and SO4 井的出水量与含水层的渗透系数成正比。
Well water yield is proportional to the transmissivity of a aquifer.
1、分布在这个深层碳酸岩含水层中的地下热水的温度是60℃-90℃。
2、Temperature of the thermal groundwater in the deep-seated
carbonate aquifer occurring in this area ranges from 60℃
3、所有观测井水位的季节性波动可以用研究区降水量的季节性变化来解
4、Seasonal fluctuations in water table in observation wells are
interpreted by seasonal changes of/in precipitation in study
areas.。