学位英语翻译
18世纪末，英国迅速成为世界的工厂。At the end of the 18th century, Britain became the world’s factory quickly.
到18世纪末，英国正迅速成为世界的工厂。
By the end of the 18th century England was fast becoming the workshop of the world.
在十八世纪末，英国迅速成为世界的工厂。Britain quickly became the world’s fac tory at the end of the 18th century. Bbb
1.不幸的是，他们也推广快餐，快餐很容易融入繁忙的生活方式中。
Unfortunately, they also promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles.
Ccc
1.除非他做错事，否则不会受到批评。Unless he does something wrong, or he will not be criticized.
2.从他的语音说明他是外国人。His accent tells that he’s a foreigner .
3.沉甸甸的果实压弯了树枝。The fruits were so heavy that they bent the branches.
4.村里的每个人都喜欢他，因为他对人很友好。Everyone in the village liked him because he was very friendly people.
5.成为多余而被解雇是工作着的人当今不得不面临的最大问题。
Redundancy is the biggest problem the working man has to face today.
6.超市设法去满足家庭主妇的每一个需求，那样，她们在超市购物后就不需去其它商店了。
The supermarket tries to meet the housewife’s every need so that when she leaves, she’ll shop nowhere else.
7.长期以来，人口众多的利弊一直是经济学家们讨论的话题。
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists.
Ddd
1.到了明年7月，我在这里读书将已三年了。By July of next year I shall have studied here for three years.
2.当他工作时，没有什么事件能打扰他。Nothing can interrupt him when he is working.
3.当你在学校附近，尽管周围没有小孩，你也必须减慢你的速度。
When you are near the school, you must slow down, even though there is no child around.
4.到他来的时候，我们已经等了他两个小时了。We had been waiting for him for two hours by the time he came.
5.但是，在某种程度上，简短的回答并不意味着美国人不礼貌或不友好。
But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite or unfriendly to some extent.
6.大气中的气体、水、岩石都是无机物中最普通的实例。
The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc.
7.对于年轻人来说，培养独立思考的能力很重要。
To young people, it is very important to develop the ability to think on their own.
Fff
1.飞船进入大气层会全速燃烧直至完全消失
A spaceship entering the earth's atmosphere at full speed would burn up completely and disappear.
2.凡是总是由难而易。All things are difficult before they are easy.
Ggg
1.各种材料的磁性有很大的不同。Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.
Hhh
1.毫无疑问的是，所有的电视节目都应该是教育。
There is no doubt that all television programs should be educational.
2.毫无疑问要钻这么深的一个孔，他们必须解决许多复杂的问题；
Undoubtedly, they should cope with lots of complicated problems in order to dig so deep a hole.
3.很多人对计算机的敌对情绪缘于担心计算机的印入会导致他们失业。
Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction.
4.和收入较低、文化程度不高的女性相比，家庭收入更高、教育程度更高的女性中吸烟者更多。
There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups.
Jjj
1.假如你昨天到达，你就能见到她。If you had arrived yesterday, you could have seen her.
或者You would have seen her if you arrived yesterday.
2.JANE为自己的城市自豪，当她当游客参观时从不感到厌烦。
Jane was so proud of her city that she was never bored of guiding the tourists to look around.
3.尽管任务重时间紧，我们仍然努力去完成。
Although there is not enough time for the tough task, we still tried out best to accomplish it.
4.尽管任务非常艰巨，我们仍然努力去完成。Although the task is very tough, we still try our best to finish it.
5.尽管这意味着要生活在不确定和失败的恐惧中，但是我依然坚持我的梦想，愿意接受考验。
I would keep putting my dream to the test even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure.
6.尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大，但他们的个性却不相同。
John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.
7.尽管已经很晚了，他们还在继续工作。Though it was late, they kept on working.
8.简而言之，艺术传达了一个时代和一个地区的基本情况，因此艺术研究能够清晰的给我们提供比大多数历史书更深刻的理解。
In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.
9.晶体管的体积小，重量轻。Transistors are small in size and light in weight.
Kkk
1.卡什被人们誉为人像大师，由于受到历史上一些著名画家的影响，他在拍摄中经常运用黑白摄影。
Karsh was praised as a master portraitist, often working in black and white, influenced by great painters of the past.
2.看起来这封信是在匆忙中写成的。It seemed that the letter was finished in a hurry.
Lll
1.老师布置读多少章节作为家庭作业（assign）? How many chapters has the teacher assigned us to read as our homework?
2.老师布置了要读多少章节的作业？How many chapters should be read for homework according to the teacher?
3.老师鼓励学生多听多读多写。The students are encouraged by their teacher to do more listening, reading and writing.
4.历史每重演一次，代价就增加一分。Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.
Mmm
1.没有钢铁，就没有现代工业。Without iron and steel, there would be no modern industry.
2.每个人都喜欢受表扬而不是批评。Everyone likes to be praised rather than be criticized.
3.每当听到这首歌时，我就会想起你。The song reminds me of you every time I listen to it.
4.目前，已经超额完成计划。The plan has been over-fulfilled by now.
Nnn
1.你弄到这些足球票费了好大劲吧？Did you make great effort to get these football tickets?
2.你能帮我抬一下这个很沉的箱子吗？Would you please help me with this heavy box?
3.你不必去了，他已经知道那件事了。Y ou needn’t go there anymore. He already knows about it.
4.你知道会议开始的确切时间吗? Do you know when exactly the meeting is to begin?
5你们应该充分利用每一个机会说英语。We should make use of every opportunity to speak English.
6.那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and used.
7.那些喜欢他们的工作并取得很高成就的人觉得他们努力工作的时候是最幸福的时候。
Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By workpeople come into with each other.
Ppp
1.喷气式飞机直到第二次世界大战才被使用。Jet hadn't been used until the Second World War.
Qqq
1.全速进入大气层的飞船会彻底烧毁而消灭。
A spaceship entering the earth's atmosphere at full speed would burn up completely and disappear.
2.青少年要想保持自己的行事原则，不追逐潮流越来越难了。
It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. 3.请把这本书给最先来的人。Please give this book to whoever comes first.
Rrr
1.如果我见到她我会叫她等一下。If I see her, I will ask her to wait a moment.
2.如果没有空气，地球上就不可能产生任何生命。If there is no air, the earth would not produce any life.
3.如果你决定学一门新的语言，你必须全身心的投入。
If you decided to learn a new language, you would have to dedicate your self whole heartedly to the cause.
4.如果人们赞美他们或以一种极其礼貌的方式感谢他们,他们可能会很不自在，不知道如何回应才好。
If people praise them or thank them in an especially polite way, they may become uncomfortable and not know what to say in reply.
5.如果到处都太拥挤，旅行会令人很不愉快。If it is too crowded everywhere, traveling will become quite unpleasant.
6.如果你那时没有及时离开，我无法想象会发生什么情况。
If you had not left in time then, I could not imagine what would have happened.
7.如果我是他，我就会尽最大的努力按时完成任务。If I were he, I would try my best to accomplish the task on time.
8.如果没有空气，地球上就不可能产生任何生命；
If there is no air, there would be impossible to have any lives on the earth.
9.如今，工厂、工作和方法上方面变化多多，其结果是现在看来是一份很好的工作在十年后可能就不存在了。
There is so much change in factories, work and methods that what looks like a very good job now may not be needed in ten years.
10.人们抱怨当地政府在处理污染问题上力度不够。
People complain that the local government didn’t try its best to deal with the issue of pollution.
Sss
1.是牛顿发现物体之间是互相吸引的。It was Newton who found that objects attract each other.
2.受到别人嘲笑，他受不了。He cannot bear that other people are laughing at him.
3.闪光的东西，未必都是金子。All that glitters is not gold.
4.实验表明，因为颜色与心理学关联，因此它们也有一个直接的心理效应。
Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect.
5.事实上，许多研究结果表明在工作到一定程度后，任何人的生产力和创造力都会开始下降。
In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone's productivity and creativity begin to decrease.
6.事实上，水污染的危害远不止这点。In fact, the consequences of water pollution are far beyond this.
7.生产商通过经验发现，绿色包装的糖卖得不好，蓝色的食品被认为是令人不愉快的，化妆品绝不应该用棕色来包装。Manufacturers have discovered by experience that sugar sells. Badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics should never be packaged in brown.
8.私立学校一定好于公立学校这一说法并无依据。
There is no basis for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools.
Ttt
1.她很想获得颁奖。She is eager to be awarded prizes.
2.她认为她的成功是努力的结果。She think her success is the result of efforts.
3.她的工作是照看这些老人。Her job is to look after these old people.
4.她想知道是否下午5点后打电话更会省钱。She wonders if it is cheaper to make a telephone call after 5 pm.
5.她被迫等了一个多小时（make）。She was made to wait for more than an hour.
6.她将成功归因于努力工作。She owes her success to hard work.
7.他被禁止入城（ban）。He was banned to enter the city.
8.他在申请一份职员工作。He was applying for a clerk.
9.他工作时，什么也不能分散他的心思(abstract)。Nothing can abstract his mind while he works.
10.他的口音说明他是个外国人(betray)。His accent betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner.
11.他心跳得如此之快，以至于他几乎喘不过气来(beat)。His heart beats so fast that he could hardly breathe.
12.他到达时，我们已经在那里等了2个小时。We’ve been waiting two hours when he arrived.
13.他建议改变计划。He proposed to make a change in the plan
14.他认为不是人人都需要在汽车里安装电话。He didn't believe that everyone would need a telephone in the car.
15.他父亲发起脾气行为举止很粗鲁。His father’s behavior is very rude when he loses his temper.
16.他告诉我：在来中国前他在美国已生活十年了。
He told me that he had lived in America for ten years before he came to China.
17.他告诉我要慢慢来，没有必要提前完成这项工作。
He told me to take it easy, because it was no necessary to finish this work in advance.
18.他一到上海就给我打了一个长途电话。He gave me a long-distance calls upon his arrival at Shanghai.
19他们5年前搬走了，但我们还保持联系。They moved 5 years ago, but we still keep in touch.
18.他们近期新建的机场距离城市20公里。The airport they build recently is 20 kilometers away from the city.
20.他们发现在下午6点前不可能完成这项工作。They found it impossible to finish this job before 6 p.m.
21.他们一和老板就每小时发多少工资达成协议后，在很大程度上就靠他们自己了。
They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate.
22.通过以上所述，我们可以得出这样一个结论，那就是：你工作的越多，你就会越幸福，越健康。
From the above we can come to the conclusion that the more you work the happier and healthier you will be.
23.汤姆是一个学习十分用功的学生，以至于不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生。
Tom was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the class.
24.泰德和威廉已经在同一个屋檐下生活了五年了。Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years.
Www
1.我在专心致志地看书，没听见你叫我(absorb)。I was absorbed in a book and did not hear you call.
2.我在这里读书，到明年七月将近三年了。I will have been studying here for nearly three years in July next year.
3.我在睡觉时，电话铃突然响了。I was having a nap when suddenly the telephone rang.
4.我建议你们早点动身去机场（suggest）。I suggest you leave for the airport earlier.
5.我想知道如何解释空间通讯的重要性。I’d like to know how to explain the importance of the space communication.
6.我也记不清楚当时在隔壁聚会的大家庭中的祖父母、姑妈、叔叔和堂兄妹们。
Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door .
7.我军在那场战斗中获得了胜利（attain）. I attained victory in that battle.
8.我不记得那个在哪见过他。I can’t remember where I have seen him.
9.我总是鼓励这些人，但是我也会向他们解释，“当作家”和“写作”是两码事。
I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between“being a writer”and writing.
10.我恳求他们不要在她面前提起我的名字。I beg them not to mention my name before her.
11.我可以问问他是否记得替你寄过一封信。I can ask him whether he remembered that he had sent a letter for you.
12.我不知道你那奇怪的想法来自何处。I don’t know where your strange idea has come from .
13.我们就牛奶的供应与农场主计价还价。We bargain with the farmer about the supply of the milk.
14.我们的军队在那场战斗中获得胜利。Our army won that battle.
15.我们完全意识到局势的严重性(aware)。We are totally aware of the serious situation.
或者We have been aware of the ponderance of the situation completely.
16.我们一得出结论就通知你。Once we draw the conclusion, we’ll inform you.
17.我们的激情越多，我们有可能体验到的快乐就越多。
The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience.
18.我们推迟了这个会议，以便能够更好地应付紧张的局势。
We put off the conference in order to better cope with the tense situation.
19.我们期待和你一起工作。We are looking forward to working with you.
20.无论她带游客参观多少次这个城市，她都从不厌烦谈论她的城市。
No matter how many times she has showed the tourists around the city, she would not be sick of talking about her city.
21.无论卡门（Carmen）带领人们参观多少次，她似乎从不厌烦谈论她的城市。
No matter how many times Carmen shows people around her city, she never seems to get tired of talking about it.
22.无论他说什么我都再也不会相信他了。Whatever he says, I won’t believe him anymore.
Xxx
1.校长授予优秀学生以荣誉称号(bestow)。The president of our university bestowed honors on the best students.
2.校长颁发了班级优秀学生荣誉称号。The headmaster awarded the excellent students the honor title.
3.学校经营不善,无论是公立学校还是私立学校，原因并不在于管理糟糕，而在于学校经营本身。
Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of. bad management but because of the nature of the business.
4.学生应该在上课之前完成家庭作业。The students should finish their homework before coming to class.
5.细菌太小，肉眼看不见。Bacteria are too small to be seen.
6.小张失去了平衡从梯子上摔了下来(balance) 。Xiao Zhang lost his balance and fell off the ladder
7.显然，很多人认为一个人花在工作上的时间越多，他完成的工作就越多。
Apparently, many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes.
8.像这种植物在世界上的其他任何一个国家中都找不到。
In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one.
Yyy
1.要是他早点动手，就能赶上火车了。If he had done it earlier, he could have caught the train.
2.一旦你显出害怕的样子，他就会向你进攻（show,attack）. Once you show scare, he will attack you.
3.一辈子不犯错误的人是没有的。（lifetime）。There is nobody doesn’t make mistakes in a lifetime.
4.一旦他自己弄懂了的东西，他就能讲给别人。Once he understands anything himself, he can explain it to others.
5.以大米为主食的东方人常患有这种疾病。It used to distress large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice.
6.预计今年的经济增长会和去年的一样快，很有可能会更快一些。
It is expected that the economy will grow as fast this year as (it did) last year, maybe a bit faster.
7.由于我没有读过这本书,所以我无法对此作出评论。I can not make any comment on the book, because I have not read it.
8.由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.
9.由于很多学生缺席，我们不得不将会议延期。We have to put off the meeting because many students are absent.
10.与学习西班牙语和法语的学生数量相比，学习中文的学生还很少。
The number of students learning Chinese is tiny compared with how many study Spanish or French.
Zzz
1.这个小女孩渴望受到嘉奖(avid)。The little girl is avid for praise.
2.这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。Apples here like water and sunshine.
3.这些票的有效期只有7天。The period of validity of these tickets are only 7 days.
4.这家旅馆可供500人住宿(accommodate) 。
This hotel can accommodate five hundred persons. （或The hotel can hold 500 people.）
5.这个地方的物质资源是丰富的。This place has plentiful material resources.
6.这个箱子太重了，我拿不动，你能帮我一下吗？The box is too heavy for me. Could you help me with it?
7.这些老人养成了每天早上锻炼的习惯。These old people have formed (got into) the habit of doing exercise every morning.
8.这个问题不像我们最初想象的那么复杂。This issue is not so complicated as I imagined at first.
9.这所大学提供了他所期望的一切。The university has offered everything he expected.
10.专家们相信，到2050年，开发海洋食品、矿产和能源的问题将会在很大程度上得到解决。
By the year 2050,experts believe that the problems to explore the food, minerals and energy resources of the sea will have been largely solved.
11.在这个物质财富充裕的时代，我们感到精神上的饥渴。In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.
12.在化学变化中，能量既不会创造，也不会消失。In chemical changes, energy will not create and will not disappear.
13.在新的系统引进后，没有从事计算机相关工作的人员在离职后不再进行补充，从而导致员工人数下降。
After the new system has settled down, people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees.
14.在被动抽烟不可避免的环境中，过上健康的生活是很困难的。
Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life.
15.在超市里，顾客们常常是自助，也就是说，他们在商店里走来走去，挑选自己需要的物品。
In a supermarket, customers usually serve themselves, that is, they walk around the store and pick out the items they need.
16.在当今科技时代，海洋提供了很多资源帮助人类生存。
In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive.
17.在道德水准如此高的社会里，根本没有必要去提防别人。
In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others.
18.在人口增长对住房供应压力减小的同时，房价降了下来，建筑业也因此受到削弱。
When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened.
19.在得到更多细节之前，我想避免跟他说话。I tried to avoid talking to him before I got more details.
20.只有在人们饮食比较单一的情况下，才有必要补充饮食中缺失的维生素。
It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.
21.只要你每天花点时间学英语，你的英语一定会有所提高的。
So long as you spend some time on English every day, your English will surely improve.
22.只要你尽力而为，即使将来失败也没有人会指责你。
As long as you do what you can, no one will accuse you even if you fail it in the future.
23.正是这可怕的浪费使我们陷入了目前的困境。It is this terrible wastefulness that has got us into the mess we are in now.
24.昨晚比尔开车时车撞到了墙上。Bill hit his car into a wall last night.
25.政府对这件事情持什么态度。The Government's stance in this matter
26.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。As is known to all, China is a developing country.
27.直到二十世纪，妇女们用的伞才被制成各种各样的颜色。
It wasn’t until the twentieth century that women’s umbrellas began to be made in a variety of colors.
研究生学位英语翻译
0501 戒严与其说是个人的选择, 不如说是对自己毅力的考验, 因为人们普遍认为吸烟是上瘾的. 尽管专家的建议和药物疗法确实能增加永久戒严的可能性, 但是避免这种困境的最好的方法就是不要涉猎吸烟. 吸烟的负面影响在各个程度上是不同的, 它与吸烟的数量以及烟龄的长短, 还有开始吸烟的年龄有关. 这份报告向以下观点提出了质疑, 这种观点认为吸烟几年不会产生永久的危害性的后果. 我们希望阻止这种普遍的但是却是生死攸关的习惯, 并且提醒大家戒烟的时间越长, 和吸烟有关的健康问题就会大幅度地减少. It is increasingly realized that ( There is a growing realization /awareness that ) developing environment-protecting products really count. To fulfill the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrease the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago. 0506 本书是在全国不同学校讲课几十年的结晶.它基于以下观
学士学位英语考试翻译题型解题秘笈
学士学位英语考试翻译题型解题秘笈 在学士学位英语考试复习中，翻译既是重点也是难点，在此提醒考生一定要给予足够重视。外语教育网的小编为考生整理了学士学位英语考试翻译题型解题秘笈，希望考生认真阅读和学习。 翻译部分是03年增加的题型。放在试卷的最后，共有10个小题，考试时间30分钟。翻译试题由两部分组成。第一部分为英译汉，要求考生把阅读理解文章中划线的五个句子译成中文。第二部分为汉译英，要求考生把五个难度适中的中文句子译成英文。英译汉和汉译英的句子难度均低于课文的英语文章。评分标准要求译文达意，无重大语言错误。翻译部分的目的是测试学生词汇、语法、句型方面综合运用语言的能力。 英译汉应试技巧 英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。在英译汉的过程中，有两点值得我们特别地注意： 1、汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容，即句子或文章的意义，而不是句子结构； 2、在翻译过程中，英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。 英译汉的过程包括理解，分析句架表达和校核三个阶段,因此，在英译汉的过程中，往往需要考生从英语到汉语，再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。 (一)理解 理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文，弄清原文的意思。为了透彻理解原文，建议考生在复习和应试时采取下列步骤： 1、通读全文。通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，理解划线的部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系，因为孤立地阅读划线部分的英语，往往无法理解该部分的真正含义。一篇好的文章，其前后的意思都互相关联，具有很强的逻辑性，一个单词或句子只有在具体的上下文中才能体现出确切的含义来，因此，上下文能帮助我们正确的理解划线的部分，通读全文是很重要的。但是,在通读全文的过程中应该注意，对非划线的部分不要花费时间过多，对于其中一些不太容易理解的内容也不必太在意，只是搞清大体意义即可。因为通读全文的目的在于帮助自己理解划线的部分,只要能把该部分理解透彻也就足够了。 2、分析划线部分的句子结构。从一般的翻译试题来看，划线的部分一般来说结构句子都比较复杂。复杂的句子如果不搞清楚它的语法结构，很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求。因此正确地把握句子的结构是进行正确地翻译的关键。 3、理解分析划线部分的含义。考生不仅要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义，还要理解全句的整体意义。理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外，还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应清楚下列问题： (1)句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词，如果有，应根据上下文确定它们指代的内容是什么； (2)句子中的短语和一些常用的词往往具有多种含义和用法，那么，在该句中它们的具体含义是什么； (3)按照你的理解，该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致，有无相互矛盾。 总之,在动手翻译之前，首先要读懂原文，不要一上来就急于动手翻译，这样做往往会出现一种情况:该题快要翻译完了，猛然又发现自己理解有误，马上就急忙修改，搞的卷面上一塌糊涂，而且很容易忙中出错，把本应拿到的分数丢掉了，这是非常令人可惜的。 (二)表达 表达就是译者把自己从英语原文理解的内容用汉语表达出来,理解是表达的基础，表达是理解的结果，但是理解正确并不意味着一定会有正确的表达，平时做翻译练习时有同学反映，有时对原文理解之后还不知如何用汉语表达，就充分说明了这一点。这里介绍两种基本的翻译方法：直译和意译。 1、直译。所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式。在汉语和英语两种语言中存在着许多共同之处，在对于许多英语句子的翻译过程中,完全可以采取直译的方法，这样可以获得一举两得之功效，既保持了原文的结构，又正确表达了原文的内容。但是直译不是死译和硬译，象It is asserted that…;It is believed that…这一类的结构，如果直译过来那就不伦不类了。 2、意译。汉语和英语分别属于不同的语系，两者在词汇、句法结构和表达方法上具有很多的差异。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不易采用直译的方法处理时，就应采用意译法，意译就是不拘泥于原文的形式，重点在于正确表达原文的内容。例如Do you see any green in my eye象这样的句子，只能采取意译的方法，把它翻译为“你以为我是好欺骗的吗”当然,意译并不等于乱译,胡乱地翻译是不符合“忠实”的翻译标准的。 在具体的翻译过程中，我们应该采取灵活的方法，不论是直译还是意译，只要是符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译原则，都是可取的。在翻译的过程中，我们务必注意以下几点： A、理解透彻之后再动手表达，否则表达的结果会令人莫名其妙； B、切忌在翻译时把汉语和英语对号入座，逐字逐句的对号入座的结果往往是不伦不类； C、切忌擅自增减词意，增减意义与翻译技巧中经常提到的增词法与减词法根本就不是一回事。 (三)校核 校核阶段是理解与表达的进一步深化，是对原文内容进一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲的阶段，因此，校核是翻译过程中一个很重要的阶段，并不是可有可无的，通过表达之后的校核，我们可以发现译文的一些问题，确保自己理解的内容很有把握地得到分数。在校核阶段，一般应注意与下列各项有关的问题(1)人名、地名、日期、方位和数字等；(2)汉语译文的词与句有无错漏；(3)修改译文中译错或表达不够准确的句子、词组或词汇；(4)有无错别字；(5)标点符号是否有误。 做汉译英时一般应经过以下步骤
研究生学位英语汉译英试题
近年汉译英试题 2004年1月 考研的人在英语上花的时间远远多于其它学科，希望英语分数越高越好。许多人坚信成功地秘诀是参加短训班和多背范文，结果却发现此招不灵。他们为提高英语水平做出的努力很难得到回报。 参考译文： Those who take the entrance examination for graduate schools spend much (/far) more time on English than on other subjects, hoping for the highest possible scores of English. Many people are convinced that the secret to success is to attend training courses (/classes) and learn many sample writings by heart, only to find that doesn’t work. Their efforts to improving their English can’t pay off easily. 2004年6月 计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。它的神奇之处在于其运算速度和准确性优于人类。计算机能在几秒钟内完成几十年前可能需要数天才能完成的事。这是人类第一次感到自己作为最高级物种的地位受到了挑战。 参考译文： The computer is believed (/regarded /considered) to be the invention that has exerted the greatest influence on human lives in history. What is remarkable about it is that it can calculate with better speed and accuracy than man. The computer can finish in seconds what might have taken days decades ago. This is the first time that man has felt that his position (/status) as the highest species has been challenged. 2005年1月 人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。为实现长期可持续发展，发达国家不惜代价减少温室气体的排放。如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变，东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20前的10倍。 参考译文： People have become increasingly aware of the importance of developing environmentally friendly (pollution-free) products. For the sake of longstanding sustainable development, developed countries are to reduce
研究生英语翻译答案
Unit 2 III Translation Practice Exercise 1 A. 1. 麦当劳有很多让农民恼怒的事：千篇－律，平淡无味，还有其所代表的烹饪霸权 2. 至少有40种植物已经通过了政府审核。 3. 到目前为止，还没有任何迹象表明基因重组作物会对任何人造成任何伤害。 4. 即使还没有法律措施，公众舆论正以更加怀疑的态度看待基因改良技术。 5. 这种优质作物受到农民的欢迎是情有可原的，因为对他们来说，产量即使有一丁点 的增长也就意味着利润上的极大提高。 B. 1. In recent years Europeans have become increasingly jumpy about bad food – and with good reason. 2. This year the E.U. banned the importation of non-approved GM corn. 3. It is crucially important that we take stock of this technology’s probable effects on our planet’s ecosystems. 4. We should also take a sober look at the effect of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. 5. Nature is never idle. Through random mutations, nature constantly tests new genetic models of organisms. Exercise 2. A. 1. 全世界的人们都在密切地注视他们食品中的基因构成——并地为他们所看到的一切 越发感到不安。在过去的十年里，随着科学家们将无数的水果和蔬菜的基因重组，使平常的农作物变成了能抵御霜冻、经得起除草剂，甚至产生消灭自身害虫作用的超级作物，基因改良食品已日益成为普遍现象。就总数而言，超过4,500的基因改良植物已经过测试，其中至少有40种——包括13种玉米，11种西红柿和4种大豆——已经通过了政府的审核。 2. 但是，一个国家的禁令对另一国家而言就是一种贸易保护主义，美国对欧洲的举动 持怀疑态度。自从欧洲决定继续禁止进口助长荷尔蒙的美国牛肉以来，美国通过对欧洲某些出口食品征收100%的关税作为反击，欧美之间的关系近来变得越发紧张。在这种激烈的争斗中，转基因食品禁令的审慎态度与报复差不多/ 看似是报复行为，其实是一种审慎。此外，假如欧洲如此担忧转基因食品的话，为什么还要生产它们呢？法国生产的转基因粮食规模不大，而消费得却比其它欧洲国家多。 B. 1. Ready or not, the world is entering the age of genetic engineering. Altered environments and human-created life forms will be part of this new age. Plants may be transformed into miniature factories producing plastics, medicines, or perfumes. Animals may be given human genes to make their tissues compatible with humans, allowing animal hearts and other organs to be transplanted into critically ill people. 2. We should also take a sober look at the effects of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. Because the agricultural and medical benefits of genetic engineering are expensive, poor individuals and poor nations will not be able to afford them – at least not for years to come. As a result, the economic gap between rich and poor is likely to widen. In
研究生学位英语23
考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 23 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Christopher: If I am not mistaken, your birthday is coming up. Has your brother sent you anything? Samuel: Not yet. _____________. A. He never forgets though. B. After all, he’ll buy something for me. C. I expect so D. No, I don’t like it. 2. Flora: What's the matter? Don't you like the soup? Carl: _________ Flora: Oh, I'm sorry about that. A. Yes, I'm crazy about it. B. Well, not very much, I'm afraid. C. I see. It's a little hot. D. No. I like it, actually.
学位英语作文(带中文翻译)
My View on E-mail Electronic mail, or E-mail for short, is a new way of communication by means of computers. Fast, cheap and convenient, E-mail is so popular that it has become an indispensable means of communication. Millions of computers all over the world have been connected to form a global network, namely the Internet. You can send and receive by E-mail documents, letters and papers to anyone in other countries in no time. By using E-mail you can also store, delete, compile information. In a word, E-mail helps you overcome spatial and time limitations in communication. With the rapidly growing popularity of computers and the expansion of information highway, E-mail is expected to play a more and more important role in our lives. 我对于电子邮件的看法 电子邮件简称电邮, 是通过电脑来交流的一种新的方式. 它快速、便宜、方便、电子邮件 如此的流行以致于它已经变成了一种必不可少的交流方式. 全世界成百上千万的电脑连在一起形成了一个全球网络称做互联网. 你可以在很短时间 内把文件、信、论文通过电子邮件发给其他国家的任何一个人. 通过使用电子邮件你还可以贮存、删除和归类信息. 总之电子邮件可以帮助你克服交流上的空间和时间的限制. 随着计算机的迅速普及以及信息高速公路的扩展, 电子邮件一定会在我们的生活当中扮 演越来越重要的角色. The Disadvantage of Living in a City Tired of the city life, some city-dwellers opt for city suburbs as their residence. They are flocking there to avoid people-in the city, wherever you look, it’s people, people, people. It’s not strange for them complain about the living conditions in the city. It takes ages for a bus to get to you because the traffic on the roads has virtually come to a standstill. The subways which leave or arrive every few minutes are packed : an endless procession of human sardine tins. All the simple, good things of life like sunshine and fresh air are at a premium. Tall buildings blot out the sun. The flow of traffic goes on continuously and the noise never stops. Decades of years ago, people were crazy about crowding into the city. Now more and more people believe that only a madman would choose to live in a large modern city. 居住在城市的弊端 因为对城市生活感到厌倦. 一些住在城里面的人都渴望搬到郊区居住. 他们涌向那儿目的 是为了避开人群. 因为在城里无论你往哪儿看到处都是人. 人们抱怨城里面的居住条件是不奇怪, 由于马路上的交通几乎停滞, 公共汽车似乎要过几 年才能到达你身边. 几分钟一班的地铁装满了人. 无休止的人排队买沙丁鱼罐头. 所有简单好 的东西象阳光、新鲜的空气都成了一种奢求. 高大的建筑挡住了阳光, 交通川流不息, 噪声从不 停止. 几十年前人们疯狂的涌入城市, 现在越来越多的人认为只有疯子才会居住在现代大都市里.
研究生英语 翻译+答案
1.Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging , that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long , or that a particular point requires further explanation 听众的眼神足以表明，演说过于拖沓，演讲者在某一点上讲得太多，或者在某一点上还需要做进一步的解释。 2.But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people , but also religious beliefs , emotions , and psychology. 但是艺术史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术不仅反映了一个民族的政治价值，也反应了他们的宗教信仰，感情和心理特点。 3.One widely held belief is that a sharp fright will end a troublesome bout of hiccups , but many people prefer just waiting for them to go away as this “cure” is often worse than the ailment itself . 一个普遍认同的观点是，猛然的惊吓会止住一阵讨厌的打嗝，但是很多人更愿意等待打嗝自然过去，因为这种“止隔得方法”往往比打嗝本身更加的糟糕。 4.That our environment had little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. 这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。 5.And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours , has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions , because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 敌人吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领战略要地，由于受到顽强抵抗，甚至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。 6. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June , must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，她必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。 7.The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House. 在主要问及昨天选举结果的记者招待会上，总统说他无法解释为何共和党遭到如此惨痛的失败,这最终会使共和党丧失在众议院长期以来享有的优势。 8.The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 第二个方面是，社会上的一切成员，从政府部门中任公职的官员到普通公民，都应运用科学家们在科研工作中所采用的专门的思维方法和工作方法。 9.The method was largely developed by physicists , chemists and biologists ; it was later adopted by people working in such areas as education, psychology and sociology , where the subjects of research were often people. 这种方法在很大程度上先是由物理学家、化学家和生物学家使用，后来为在教育学、心理学和社会学等领域内工作的研究人员所采纳而发展起来的。
学位英语翻译
18世纪末，英国迅速成为世界的工厂。At the end of the 18th century, Britain became the world’s factory quickly. 到18世纪末，英国正迅速成为世界的工厂。 By the end of the 18th century England was fast becoming the workshop of the world. 在十八世纪末，英国迅速成为世界的工厂。Britain quickly became the world’s fac tory at the end of the 18th century. Bbb 1.不幸的是，他们也推广快餐，快餐很容易融入繁忙的生活方式中。 Unfortunately, they also promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles. Ccc 1.除非他做错事，否则不会受到批评。Unless he does something wrong, or he will not be criticized. 2.从他的语音说明他是外国人。His accent tells that he’s a foreigner . 3.沉甸甸的果实压弯了树枝。The fruits were so heavy that they bent the branches. 4.村里的每个人都喜欢他，因为他对人很友好。Everyone in the village liked him because he was very friendly people. 5.成为多余而被解雇是工作着的人当今不得不面临的最大问题。 Redundancy is the biggest problem the working man has to face today. 6.超市设法去满足家庭主妇的每一个需求，那样，她们在超市购物后就不需去其它商店了。 The supermarket tries to meet the housewife’s every need so that when she leaves, she’ll shop nowhere else. 7.长期以来，人口众多的利弊一直是经济学家们讨论的话题。 The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. Ddd 1.到了明年7月，我在这里读书将已三年了。By July of next year I shall have studied here for three years. 2.当他工作时，没有什么事件能打扰他。Nothing can interrupt him when he is working. 3.当你在学校附近，尽管周围没有小孩，你也必须减慢你的速度。 When you are near the school, you must slow down, even though there is no child around. 4.到他来的时候，我们已经等了他两个小时了。We had been waiting for him for two hours by the time he came. 5.但是，在某种程度上，简短的回答并不意味着美国人不礼貌或不友好。 But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite or unfriendly to some extent. 6.大气中的气体、水、岩石都是无机物中最普通的实例。 The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc. 7.对于年轻人来说，培养独立思考的能力很重要。 To young people, it is very important to develop the ability to think on their own. Fff 1.飞船进入大气层会全速燃烧直至完全消失 A spaceship entering the earth's atmosphere at full speed would burn up completely and disappear. 2.凡是总是由难而易。All things are difficult before they are easy. Ggg 1.各种材料的磁性有很大的不同。Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics. Hhh 1.毫无疑问的是，所有的电视节目都应该是教育。 There is no doubt that all television programs should be educational. 2.毫无疑问要钻这么深的一个孔，他们必须解决许多复杂的问题； Undoubtedly, they should cope with lots of complicated problems in order to dig so deep a hole. 3.很多人对计算机的敌对情绪缘于担心计算机的印入会导致他们失业。 Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. 4.和收入较低、文化程度不高的女性相比，家庭收入更高、教育程度更高的女性中吸烟者更多。 There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. Jjj 1.假如你昨天到达，你就能见到她。If you had arrived yesterday, you could have seen her. 或者You would have seen her if you arrived yesterday. 2.JANE为自己的城市自豪，当她当游客参观时从不感到厌烦。
研究生英语综合教程(上)课文翻译
Unit One 核心员工的特征 大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M 公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。” 10风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误的求职者。大家都知道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。但很少有人乐意谈论失败，更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。“对我的企业来说，求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她的失败，而且他或她需要有真正的失败经历，而不是特意为面试而杜撰的东西。如果做不到的话，那么这个人冒的风险还不够，”豪特说。 11特征4：善于处理人际关系 瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。“科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技术上的敏锐感，”他说，“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。” 1
学位英语考试模拟题(二)
1. She went on reading _____ it was midnight. A. as B. for C. until D. lest 2. He was old _____ quite strong. A. and B. or C. but D. if 3. Take his advice _____ you will fail. A. nor B. or C. for D. so 4. He was writing _____ the glass suddenly fell on the floor. A. while B. as C. so D. when 5. _____ you say，he won…t listen to you. A. No matter where B. No matter what C. However D. Whichever 6. The car was going too fast on a wet road，_____ it crashed and the driver was in hospital. A. but B. moreover C. furthermore D. so 7. He said he would stay for another two days _____ it rained. A. or B. nor C. whether D. if 8. Hardly _____ I got home when it began to rain. A. had B. am C. did D. that 9. _____ ，none of us wanted to take a rest. A. Tired although we were B. Tired as we were C. As we were tired D. We as were tired 10. She opened the door quietly _____ wake up her sleeping baby. A. in order that B. so that C. in order to D. so as not to 11. It was my grandfather _____ helped mike mend his bike this morning. A. that B. whom C. which D. what 12. It was this morning _____ my grand father helped mike mend his bike this morning. A. that B. whom C. when D. which