modeltest1练习
大学英语六级模拟 Model Test 1 (附答案可编辑))
Model Test 1Part I Writing (30 minutes) （P.1）Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students on the Job Market. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.当今大学生面临着严重的就业压力；2.这一现象的产生有多方面的原因；3.解决的办法。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Stress （PP.1-3）This may come as a surprise, but you need stress in your life. Leading stress management experts say that without stress would be dull and unexciting. Stress adds flavor, challenge, and opportunity to life. However, too much stress can seriously affect your physical and mental well-being. A major challenge in today’s stress-filled world is to make the stress in your life work for you instead of against you.In today’s hectic, fast-paced world and with the blooming economy, stress is our constant companion. It comes from mental or emotional activity and physical activity. Too much emotional stress can result in physical illness, such as high blood pressure, ulcers, asthma, irritable colon, headaches, or even heart disease. On the other hand,physical stress from work or exercise rarely causes such ailments. In fact, physical exercise can help you to relax and to handle your mental or emotional stress.Hans Selye, M.D., a recognized expert in the field, has defined stress as a “nonspecific response of the body to a demand”. The key to reducing stress is learning how our bodies respond to those demands. When stress becomes prolonged or particularly frustrating, it can become harmful-causing distress or “bad stress”. Recognizing the early signs of distress and then doing something about them can make a significant difference in the quality of your life.In order to use stress in a positive way and prevent it from becoming distress, you should be aware of your own reactions to stressful events. The body responds to stress by going through specific stages: (1) alarm, (2) resistance, (3) exhaustion. Muscles tense, blood pressure and heart rate rise, and adrenaline and other stress-triggered hormones that increase the level of alertness are released. If the stress-causing conditions continue, your body will need time to make repairs, if that happens, you eventually may develop a physical problem that is related to stress, such as migraine headaches, high blood pressure, backache, or insomnia. That’s why when stress occurs it’s important that you recognize and deal with it in a positive way. While it’s impossible to live completely free of stress and distress, it is possible to prevent some distress as well as to minimize is impact when it can’t be avoided. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to handle stress.Try Physical ActivityWhen you’re nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis, or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve your anxiety and worry and help you relax. Your body and your mind will work together to ease the stress in your life.Share Your StressIt helps to talk with someone about your anxieties and worries. Perhaps a friend, family member, teacher, or counselor can help you achieve a more positiveperspective on what’s troubling you. It you feel your problem is serious, you might seek professional help from a psychologist, psychiatrist or social worker. Knowing when to ask for help is a positive step in avoiding more serious problems later.Take Care of YourselfYou should make every effort to eat well and to get enough rest. If you’re irritable and tense from lack of sleep, or if you’re not eating properly, you’ll be more vulnerable to stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult your doctor.Make Time for YourselfSchedule time for both work and reaction. Don’t forget, play can be just as important to your overall well-being as work. You need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun. Go window-shopping or work on a hobby. Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy.Make a List of the Things You Need to DoStress can result from disorganization and a feeling that “there’s so much to do, and not enough time”. Trying to take care of everything at once can be overwhelming, and as a result, you may not accomplish anything. Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed. Give priority to the most important tasks and do those first.Go Ahead and CryA good cry can be a healthy way to bring relief to your anxiety. It might even help you avoid headache or other physical consequence of anxiety and stress.Create a Quiet SceneYou can’t always run away, but you can allow yourself a mental “get-away”. A quiet country scene painted mentally, or on canvas, can transport you from the tension of a stressful situation to a more relaxing frame of mind. You also can create a sense of peace and tranquility by reading a good book or listening to beautiful music.Avoid Self-MedicationWhile you can use prescription or over-the-counter medications to relieve stress temporarily, they do not remove the conditions that caused the stress in the first place.In fact, many medications may be habit-forming and also may reduce your efficiency, thus creating more stress than they eliminate. They should be taken only on the advice of your doctor.RelaxThe best strategy for reducing or avoiding stress altogether is to learn how to relax. Unfortunately, many people try to relax at the same pace that they lead the rest of their lives. That doesn't work. Instead, try tuning out your worries about time, productivity and "doing right". Here are several relaxation techniques you may find helpful:--You should take a deep breath and exhale to help calm your mind, counter your body's natural stress reaction and improve your response.--You should laugh. Many stress management experts advocate laughter as a relaxation technique for relieving tension.--You should take a warm bath or shower. Whether you prefer bubble baths or long hot showers, this is an excellent way to relax after a stressful day.--You should try progressive muscle relaxation. Individual contract and relax each muscle group of your body. Begin by tensing your toes for 10 seconds, then relax them for 20.Work all the way up your body, alternately tensing and relaxing, and finish with your facial muscles.By learning the "art" of relaxation, you’ll find satisfaction in just "being", without trying or striving. Your focus on relaxation, enjoyment and health will reduce stress, anxiety and worry in your life. The result is, you will be calmer, healthier and happier.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上作答。
四级真题Model Test 1(四级)
Model Test 1Part I Writing（30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then explain whether to choose a good university or a good major when it comes to listing university preferences. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension（25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
ModelTest1
ModelTest1Model Test 11. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. He is a Chinese tall intelligent young officer.B. There are a few new major urban highways.C. She is wearing a pretty pink woolen sweater.D. He stands on a beautiful little white stone bridge.2. All the following italicized parts are appositive clauses EXCEPTA. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.B. He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.C. The fact that you are talking about has nothing to do with it.D. The question that who should do the work requires consideration.3. Which of the following sentences indicates "probability"?A. The stadium can be emptied in four minutes.B. I can speak a little French as well as Japanese.C. She can't have slept through all that noise.D. You can take the car, if you want.4. What a pity! If only they ______ here now, we would be able to celebrate theirwedding anniversary.A. areB. wereC. have beenD. had been5. In "Can you show me your photo?", the italicized part isthe _____ of the sentence.A. object complementB. direct objectC. subject complementD. indirect object6. My brother met her at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so she _____ your lecture.A. mustn't have attendedB. needn't have attendedC. shouldn't have attendedD. couldn't have attended7. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement?A. Have you got everything ready for the journey?B. Don't marry young.C. This fruit can be eaten raw.D. Alone and broke, Hamas struggles to rule.8. In the sentence "She walks out of the house, followed by a little boy", the past participle is used asA. an attribute.B. an adverbial.C. a complement.D. a predicative.9. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "The job's ___ done"?A. almostB. nearlyC. actuallyD. lately10. There ______ be any difficulty in passing the road test sinceyou have practiced alot in the driving school.A. mustn'tB. needn'tC. shall notD. shouldn't11. They all think that it's better to be busy than to be free, ______?A. don't they?B. aren't theyC. doesn't it~D. isn't it12. On Sundays there are a lot of children playing in the park, ______ parents seatedtogether joking.A. theirB. thatC. whoseD. which13. _______, he sometimes can not stand the way she solves problems.A. Although much he likes herB. Much although he likes herC. As he likes her muchD. Much as he likes her14. After the earthquake, a new nuclear station was put up ______ there had oncebeen a farm.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which15. --- How slim your sister's figure is!--- It's ______ mine when I was at her age.A. not slimmer asB. no slimmer thanC. not slim more thanD. no more slimmer as16. If you are like most people, then chances are you often _____ others while theyare still talking.A. interfereB. interveneC. interruptD. disturb17. His dominant ______ was to take all things into earnest consideration.A. traitB. trailC. traceD. track18. Benjamin was sweating bullets by the time the police had finished questioninghim. The underlined part means _______.A. impatientB. very frightenedC. speechlessD. very tired19. Both properties occupy a region long known as the "lung of Haikou" for its green______ and fresh air.A. visionB. sceneC. sightD. landscape20. If you fulfill this _______ task, you could well deserve a promotion.A. desolateB. desirableC. desperateD. delicate21. Frankly, I hope that we can develop a ______ quality product.A. durableB. lastingC. permanentD. perpetual22. Although he tried to focus on homework, the boy was _______ by his favoritecartoon.A. distractedB. displacedC. dispersedD. discarded23. One third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, ______ in the SanFrancisco area.A. remarkablyB. severelyC. drasticallyD. predominantly24. His greatest ______ is his utterly natural and profoundly good musical instinct.A. capacityB. competenceC. giftD. aptitude25. Your ability to argue is of no _______ if you get your facts wrong.A. groundB. availC. practiceD. consequence26. The man is very angry because his friend borrowed his car behind his back. Theunderlined part means _______.A. secretlyB. publiclyC. suddenlyD. disappointedly27. You can ______ your muscles more powerfully by linking up your breathing tothe exercise.A. condenseB. compressC. contractD. shrink28. ________ increases in the oil price have prompted anxiety among the car owners.A. AbruptB. AmpleC. AcuteD. Automatic29. Throughout our lives, mothers are there with an encouraging word, a sympatheticear, and a(n) ________ heart.A. obedientB. tameC. tenderD. temperate30. Embracing globalisation, Shanghai has become one of the most _____ cities in theworld.A. activeB. dynamicC. energeticD. vigorous。
Model Test 1答案
31. C(those that provide special training for writers online) 32. D(that young people like contain violence) 33. B((to cut somebody into pieces) 34. B(violence in computer games makes their players more aggressive) 35. D(there is a close link between…in real life) 36. A(the dark side of computer games) 37. B(been weakening..a long time) 38. B(man and animals..as to directions) 39. D(cause no big…and animals) 40. A(we should not…magnetic field) 41. D(the process of…to finish) 42. A(the flows…inside the earth) 43. D(prosperity of the media) 44. C(generate a greater..of fear) 45. C(the use of…the actual threat) 46. A(means determines effects) 47. D(show their group power) 48. A(emphasizes the..psychological warfare) 49. A(a hurricane) 50. B(more students..institutions)
大学英语六级模拟测试题model-text01
Model Test OnePart I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay entitled Are Lies Necessary in Our Life? by commenting on American writer Howard Mel’s famous remark“We all tell lies—little lies,big lies,necessity lies in order to insure social and psychological peace and comfort”You should write at least150words but no more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)Launching a campaign in specialist medical journals.B)Advertising medicines that need a prescription on TV.C)Making newspaper ads with doctor’s good comment.D)Getting some specialists to advertise for the products.2.A)The users’comment on medicine is not alwaysreliable.B)Ads of over-the-counter products are not allowed.C)The claim of any positive cure for a disease is forbidden.D)Most of the medicines need doctor’s prescription.3.A)Manufacturers don’t like it.B)Medical ads are not allowed to do it.C)They can’t afford the cost.D)They can’t make promises.4.A)He doesn’t consider much about customers.B)He can’t offer any practical way of promotion.C)He doesn’t deserve the promotion indeed.D)He knows little about the regulations of ads.Questions5to8re based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)The account number is51406881.C)There is no information about the account.B)The account number is21406881.D)There is no information about the bank’s name.6.A)She didn’t receive the same invoice as others.B)She found the man’s bank details were wrong.C)She confused the names of two banks.D)She couldn’t identify the account on the invoice.7.A)Transfer the money to the man as soon as possible.B)Try to sort out the truth and call the bank.C)Check the account number with Bank of Scotland.D)Make up for her mistakes and be careful next time.8.A)They are manager and assistant.C)They are customer and manager.B)They are business partners.D)They are coworkers of the same company.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions9to12are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)Schools use private detection services.B)Teachers discuss essay topics with theirstudents.C)Teachers ask students to turn in early drafts ofpapers.D)Universities stop students from buying essays.10.A)Those that are involved in a specific field.B)Those that are very difficult and urgent.C)Those that need cooperation of two writers.D)Those whose writers are from abroad.11.A)Their work can only be used as a model.B)Most of their writers are poorly paid.C)Most writers have doctorate degrees.D)Students may handle the paper as they wish.12.A)Universities don’t pay much attention to academic achievement.B)Professors assign too much work to students in a short time.C)Communication failure appears between students and professors.D)Students don’t know the rules of the college they are attending.Questions13to15are based on the passage you have just heard.13.A)Salt is quite necessary for people’s health.B)Eating too much salt could do harm to the heart.C)The quantity of salt varies among different people.D)People are launching a campaign to eat less salt.14.A)Eating more salt means more heart attacks.B)Less salt is sure to reduce many heart-related diseases.C)Eating less salt may lead to high blood pressure.D)It’s not clear whether eating less salt will have good results.15.A)Most people consume similar amount of salt.B)Americans eat less salt than the others.C)Different people eat different amount of salt.D)Salt is relevant to people’s health.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to19are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)They are about to be more productive.B)They tell us to be more physically healthy.C)They focus on the importance of habits.D)They help people make more money.17.A)We should be hardworking.B)We are in control of our life.C)We have a great potential for everything.D)We can accomplish the resolutions.18.A)Analyze the reasons for failure.C)Look for some other opportunities.B)Try the same thing one more time.D)Think about how to improve ourselves.19.A)They don’t have the deadlines for tasks.B)They avoid being too stressed at work.C)They tend to think there is plenty of time.D)They think they will do better the next day.Questions20to22are based on the recording you have just heard.20.A)They are not in a hurry when they say things out loud.B)They act as if they are reflecting on everything carefully.C)They tend to think a lot before they say something out.D)They enjoy the relaxed feeling and never rush.21.A)They will feel annoyed.C)They will feel intimate.B)They will be surprised.D)They will be impressed.22.A)Good talkers will be able to talk about it for a long time.B)It is a good way to show the talker’s plentiful knowledge.C)It can be brought out in a conversation and fascinate others.D)Most people can say something about psychology and sociology.Questions23to25are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Systematic management.B)The transport of goods.C)Customer service.D)The concept of benefits.24.A)Timing.C)Supporting services.B)Raw materials.D)Location.25.A)Material management.C)Supply chain management.B)Physical distribution.D)Human resource management.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do—especially in a tight job market.Bob Crossley, a human-resource expert notices this in the job application that comes across his desk every day.“It’s26howI)dominant J)eliminate K)launch L)mysterious M)precise N)probably O)undertakeA)abolishB)adjustmentsC)administrationD)amazingE)botherF)comparesG)comprisesH)constantly many candidates cancel themselves,”he says.“Resumes arrive with stains.Some candidates don’t 27to spell the company’s name correctly.Once I see a mistake,I 28the candidate,”Crossley concludes.“If they cannot take care of these details,why should we trust them with a job?”Can we pay too much attention to details?Absolutely.Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward.“To keep from losing the forest for the trees,”says Charles Garfield,professor at the University of California,San Francisco,“we must 29ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the large picture.”Garfield 30this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA.“The Apollo Ⅱmoon 31was slightly off-course 90percent of the time,”says Garfield.“But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the 32coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to make 33as necessary.”Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the significance of the every task we 34.Often we believe what accounts for other’s success is some special secret or a lucky break.But rarely is success so 35.Again and again,we see that by doing little things within our grasp well,large reward follow.Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Rising Inequality Is Holding Back the U.S.Economy[A]In announcing his run for the presidency last month,Jeb Bush has set an ambitious goal of 4percent real growth in gross domestic product (GDP).This goal has been greeted with substantial skepticism from parts of the economics establishment,while some economists have praised it as a “worthy and viable aspiration”that could be achieved with growth-oriented policies.Our recent research implies that a 4percent growth goal for first term of the next President is not only possible,but is what we should strive to achieve.Like Hubbard and Warsh,veteran Republican economic policymakers,we agree that the U.S.needs policies that raise labor force participation,accelerate productivity growth and improve expectations.Where we part ways is the tactics.[B]Their recommendations focus on supply-side policies,such as tax reform,regulatory reform,reduced trade friction and education and training.Our research implies that a weak demand side explains the sluggish(萧条的)recovery from the Great Recession,with the rise of income inequality as a central factor.Consequently,our policy prescriptions revolve around increasing the take-home pay of the majority of American households.The Great Recession,which began in December2007,was the most severe American economic downturn in three-quarters of a century.Most economists did not anticipate ahead of time that this kind of thing could happen,although we warned that “it could get ugly out there”in October 2007.[C]But as the severity of the recession became apparent in the dark days of late 2008and early 2009,many economists predicted a swift bounce-back,reasoning from historical evidence that deep downturns are followedby rapid recoveries.Sadly,that prediction was also incorrect.The growth path following the Great Recession has been historically sluggish.Our recent research,supported by the Institute for New Economic Thinking,helps explain why:The economic drag from decades of rising income inequality has held back consumer spending.[D]Our work studies the link between rising income inequality and U.S.household demand over the past several decades.From the middle1980s until the middle2000s,American consumers spent liberally despite the fact that income growth stagnated(停滞)for most of the population.We show that the annual growth rate of household income slowed markedly in1980for the bottom95percent of the income distribution,while income growth for the top5percent accelerated at the same time.The result was the widely discussed rise of income inequality.[E]It is also well known that household debt grew rapidly during this period.Our work points out that the buildup of debt relative to income was concentrated in the bottom95percent of the income distribution.Debt to income for the top5percent bounced around with little clear trend:When the financial crisis hit,our work shows that the bottom95percent of Americans could no longer get the rising debt they needed to continue to spend along the trend they established in the years leading up to the crisis.The result was a sharp cutback in household demand relative to income that caused the collapse of the Great Recession.[F]What about the recovery?Household demand in2013(the most recent observation we have because our computations incorporate data that are released with a lag and are available at an annual frequency only)was a stunning17.5percent below its pre-recession trend,with no sign of recovering back toward the trend.What happened?Our research implies that the cutoff of credit for the group of households falling behind as income inequality rose prevented their spending from recovering to its pre-recession path.[G]While there is no reason to necessarily expect that consumer spending will follow a constant trend over long periods of time,the practical reality is that the U.S.economy needed the pre-recession trend of demand to maintain adequate growth and at least a rough approximation of full employment prior to2007.In the middle 2000s,there was no sign of excess demand in the U.S.economy.Inflation was tame and interest rates were low. Wage growth was stagnant.Although some gradual slowing in long-term U.S.growth might have been predicted as the large baby-boom generation ages,the overall labor force participation rate was actually rising prior to the recession,so there was no reason to expect any significant decline in labor resources in the years immediately following2007.[H]Yes,the way many Americans were financing their demand was unsustainable,but there is no indication that businesses could not sustainably continue to produce along the pre-recession trend if they had been able to sell the output.Our interpretation of the evidence is that the demand drag that could be expected as the result of rising inequality is,after a delay of a-quarter century,finally constraining the U.S.economy.Intuition,theory and evidence predict that high-income people spend,on average,a smaller share of their income than everyone else does.So as a higher share of income goes into the pockets of the well-to-do,the household sector as a whole is likely to recycle less of its income back into spending,which slows the path of demand growth.[I]A possible problem with this prediction for the U.S.in recent years is that income inequality began to rise in the early1980s,but household demand remained strong through2006.Our argument is that the demand drag from rising inequality was postponed by the buildup of debt:The bottom95percent borrowed rather than cut back their spending when their income growth slowed.But as the crisis hit,lending to households collapsed,and the trend of rising debt could not continue.[J]The effect of rising inequality has hit the economy hard.As a result,today’s economy is underperforming. No one can know precisely how much of the stagnation in household demand is due to the rise of inequality,but our estimates imply that the current path of total demand in the economy is at least10percent below where it would have been with the income distribution of the early1980s.Where demand goes,so follows output and employment.This analysis links to the call for4percent growth.Considering conventional estimates of the long-term trend growth of the economy,a4percent growth rate through the next U.S.President’s first term would go a long way toward closing the gap in output that opened with the collapse of household spending in the GreatRecession and has yet to be filled.[K]How can we move toward this goal?Our research strongly implies that the main problem is on the demand side,not the supply side.The U.S.needs to find a way to boost demand growth by arresting,and hopefully reversing,the dramatic rise of inequality,The basic argument is exceedingly simple:The economy continues to be held back by insufficient household spending,and if the income share of Americans outside of the top sliver rises,household spending will increase.Policies that raise the minimum wage and reduce the tax burden of low-and middle-income households would help.[L]In our view,however,the best method to achieve this objective would be to restore wage growth across the income distribution as occurred in the decades after World WarⅡ.Meeting this objective is challenging for a variety of reasons,including the fact that there remains no clear consensus about what has caused the rise of American economic inequality.But the need to address inequality is not just a matter of social justice;it also is important to get the economy back on the right track after more than seven years of stagnation.We can dobetter. 36.Americans were free with their money though their income growth mostly remained still from the late20thcentury to the Great Recession.37.Contrary to many economists claims,the U.S.economy didn’t experience rapid recoveries after the GreatRecession.bor resources were not expected to suffer from a sharp fall in the years after2007.39.Reducing the income inequality is of significance in terms of social justice and economic recovery.40.The author differs from some economic policymakers on the strategies the U.S.should take to boost theeconomy.41.The author estimates that the current demand should have been ten percent higher if the income distributionremained the same as the early1980s.42.The majority of the low-income earners continued to take on more loans rather than cut expenses when theirincome growth has been weakening.43.To achieve the goal of4%growth in GDP,the demand growth should be boosted by raising the income shareof the bottom95%.44.It’s predicted that high-income earners generally spend less relative to their income than others.45.Except a little warning two months before the Great Recession,the majority of economists didn’t foresee itscoming.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46and50are based on the following passage.Musicians—from karaoke singers to professional violin players—are better able to hear targeted sounds in a noisy environment,according to a piece of new research that adds to evidence that music makes the brain work better.“In the past ten years there’s been an explosion of research on music and the brain,”Aniruddh Patel,the Senior Fellow at the Neurosciences Institute in San Diego,said today at a press briefing.Most recently brain-imaging studies have shown that music activates many diverse parts of the brain, including an overlap where the brain processes music and language.Language is a natural aspect to consider in looking at how music affects the brain,Patel said.Like music, language is“universal,there’s a strong learning component,and it carries complex meanings.”For example,brains of people exposed to even casual musical training have an enhanced ability to generatethe brain wave patterns associated with specific sounds,be they musical or spoken,said study leader Nina Kraus, director of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University in Illinois.Kraus’previous research had shown that when a person listens to a sound,the brain wave recorded in response is physically the same as the sound wave itself.In fact,“playing”the brain wave produces a nearly identical sound.But for people without a trained ear for music,the ability to make these patterns decreases as background noise increases,experiments show.Musicians,by contrast,have subconsciously trained their brains to better recognize selective sound patterns,even as background noise goes up.At the same time,people with certain developmental disorders,such as dyslexia(阅读障碍症)，have a harder time hearing sounds amid the noise—a serious problem,for example,for students straining to hear the teacher in a noisy classroom.Musical experience could therefore be a key therapy for children with dyslexia and similar language-related disorders,Kraus said.In a similar vein,Harvard Medical School neuroscientist Gottfried Schlaug has found that stroke patients who have lost the ability to speak can be trained to say hundreds of phrases by singing them first.In his research,Schlaug demonstrated the results of intensive musical therapy on patients with lesions(损伤)on the left sides of their brains,those areas most associated with language.Before the therapy,these stroke patients responded to questions with largely incoherent sounds and phrases. But after just a few minutes with therapists,who asked them to sing phrases and tap their hands to the rhythm,the patients could sing“Happy Birthday,”recite their addresses,and communicate if they were thirsty.“The underdeveloped systems on the right side of the brain that respond to music became enhanced and changed structures,”Schlaug said.Overall,Schlaug said,the experiments show that“music might be an alternative medium for engaging parts of the brain that are otherwise not engaged.”46.According to Patel,the function of language is usually under consideration when.A)people tend to study the relation between music and the brainB)musicians try to explain the profound meaning behind a piece of musicC)scientists do experiments on the function of different parts of the brainD)audience participate in the discussion on the complexity of music47.Why can musicians hear selective sound patterns in a noisy environment?A.Because they have subconsciously trained their ears to get accustomed to those sound patterns.B)Because their brains have been trained to recognize specific sound patterns in noisy background.C)Because they can produce the brain wave patterns the same as those soundpatterns.D)Because their trained ears are sensitive to specific sounds no matter where theyare.48.According to Kraus,the significance of the link between music and the brain lies in thefact that.A)language ability can be enhanced by listening to musicB)all kinds of brain disorders can be cured by listening to musicC)music is the sole method to deal with mental diseasesD)music can be effective in treating people with language problems49.How can stroke patients be treated in Schlaug’s findings?A)They should utter a phrase a hundred times a day when starting the recovery training.B)They should chant phrases instead of saying them at the beginning stage of the training.C)Doctors should persuade them to sing songs every day to regain their speaking ability.D)They should practise singing the phrases after saying them hundreds of times every day.50.By singing phrases,stroke patients are trying to.A)restore the language function of the damaged system in the left brainB)hinder the damaged structure in the brain from deteriorating sharplyC)improve the structures of the underdeveloped systems in the right brainD)practise the parts of the brain which are under constant usePassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.All kinds of people describe themselves as shy:short,tall,dull,intelligent,young,old,slim,overweight.Shy people are anxious and self-conscious;that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions.Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds:What kind of impression am I making?Do they like me?Do I sound stupid?Am I wearing unattractive clothes?It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely.A person’s self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves,and the way a person behaves affects other people’s reactions.In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.For instance,people who have a positive sense of self-worth or high self-esteem usually act with confidence.Because they do not need constant praise and encouragement from others to feel good about themselves.Self-confident people participate in life enthusiastically and spontaneously.They are not affected by what others think they“should do”.People with high self-esteem are not hurt by criticism;they do not regard criticism as a personal attack.Instead,they view a criticism as a suggestion for improvement.In contrast,shy people,having low self-esteem,are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.They need reassurance that they are doing“the right thing”.Shy people are very sensitive to criticism;they feel it confirms their inferiority.They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of praise.A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one:“You’re just saying that to make me feel good.I know it’s not true.”It is clear that,while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental,or harmful.Can shyness be completely eliminated,or at least reduced?Fortunately,people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence.Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths.For example,most people would like to be“A”students in every subject.It is not fair for them to label themselves inferior because they have difficulty in some areas.People’s expectations of themselves must be realistic.Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.Each one of us is a unique,worthwhile individual.We are interested in our own personal ways.The better we understand ourselves,the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.Let’s not allow our shyness to block out chances for a rich and fulfilling life.51.The first paragraph is mainly about.A)the characteristics of shy peopleB)the cause of shynessC)the questions in the minds of shy peopleD)the effect of shyness on people52.According to the writer,self-awareness is.A)harmful to peopleB)a weak point of shy peopleC)the cause of unhappinessD)a good quality53.According to the passage,the uncomfortable feelings of shy people.A)have no effect on themB)have a favourable effect on themC)have an unfavourable effect on themD)can hardly be overcome54.What is the shy people’s usual reaction to a compliment?A)They are pleased about it.B)They suspect it is not true.C)They are very sensitive to it.D)They feel it confirms their inferiority.55.We can infer from the passage that the writer would favor.A)a shy person C)a sensitive personB)a realistic person D)a reserved personPartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.功夫(Kung fu)是一种典型的中国传统文化，它是一项既活动肌肉又活动大脑的运动。
model test 1
Test OnePart I Listening Comprehension （15%）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken twice. After each question, there will be A. pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices A, B, C. and d, and decide which the best answer is. Then click on the corresponding button.1. A. $40 B.$ 45 C. $ 50 D$ 602. A. it's just right B. It has too much sugar in itC. It's too strongD. It's tasteless3. A. He finds them extremely beautiful B. He wants to give them t o his girlfriendC. He likes fresh flowers bestD. The flowers are on sale4. A. She listened to the news on the radio B. She watched the TV newsC. She wrote A. compositionD. She wrote A. plan5. A. The woman is in New York B. The man is in New YorkC. They are discussing A. placeD. They are watching TV6. A. A. waiter B.A. doctor C. A. salesman D. An assistant7. A. The fifteenth floor B. The fifth floorC. The fourteenth floorD. The fourth floor8. A. It's sunny B. It's snowing C. It's stormy D. It's windy9. A. Tomorrow evening B. This afternoonC. TonightD. Before the movie10. A. Look for another seat B. Go awayC. Remain standingD. Sit downSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken twice. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C. andD. Then click on the corresponding button.11. A. 12 B.14 C.17 D.1612. A. driving B. Nursing C. Cooking D. EngineeringSection C. Spot dictationDirections: In this section, you will hear A. passage three times. Listen carefully during the first reading. Then listen to the passage again. When it is being read the second time, you should fill in the six blanks numbered from 13A. to 15B. with the exact words or phrases you have just heard Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Most homes have different kinds of spaces. People often go to A. hospital place when they want to be _______. They may go to their bedrooms. Maybe they just sit in the garden or go t o A. quiet corner of the living room.Families ______ many interesting activities. Homes have enough spaces for people to be together. Families have dinners together in the kitchen or dining room. They play games, watch TV, listen to music, or chat with friends in the living room.Every family's home is special. People can ______ their homes with things they like. They put the ________ the way they want it. They use colors they like. The children often _______ up A. space with their own things. They hang posters or _____ projects from school in their rooms. They have A. place for things they collect. The way they decorate their homes tells us A. lot about them.Part II: Vocabulary and Structure (35%)Section A. (15%)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You must choose the one answer that best completesthe sentence. Then click on the corresponding button.16The population of the world ____ still ____ now.A. has; grownB. will; growC. is; growingD. is grown17. Neither Mary nor her brother____ good at singing.A. isB. areC. is notD. are not18. I have no idea. what ___ while I was asleep.A. has happenedB. was happenedC. happenedD. had happened19 _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.A. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being a socialistD. Since he is a socialist20. James has just arrived, but I did n’t know he _________ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had been coming D came21.Because the energy is limited and many people are wasteful, we will have to install(安装. _________ solar heating device（设备）in our home.A. some type ofB. some types of aC. some type of A. D some types of22.I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupidA. something butB. anything butC. nothing but D not but23.That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actionsagainst him.A. betrayed…takeB. had betrayed…tookC. has betrayed…t ook D has betrayed…take24________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, have D In case, had25.This type of machine _______the year after next.A. i s going to being turned outB. is going to have turned outC. i s going to turn out D is going to be turned out26.If you _____ see Jane, what would you tell her?A. w ill be going toB. were toC. are to D ought to27.Everything _____remains can be divided between you.A. thatB. whatC. Which D whose28.Nobody phoned me while I was out, _____?A. did theyB. didn't theyC. did he D didn't he29.Only after I had know him for some time______ to know his true value.A. did I beginB.I beganC. do I begin D had I begun30.The climate here is similar to _______.A. JapanB. that of JapanC. one of Japan D in JapanSection B. (20%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You must choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then click on the corresponding button.31. There are still many problem ahead of us, but by his time next year we can see light at the endof the _________.A. battleB. dayC. road D tunnel(隧道)32. The director tried to get the actors to _________ to the next scene by hand signals.A. move onB. move offC. move out D move along33. We realized that he was under great _________, so we took no notice of his bad temper.A. excitementB. pressureC. crisis D nervousness34. Please ______that you have fastened the seat belt.A. insureB. assureC. ensure D sure35. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical area, women are in a_______.A. minorityB. scarcityC. rarity D minimum36. Professor Johnson’s retirement ________ from next January.A. carries into effectB. takes effectC. has effect D puts into effect37. Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the precious paintings.A. forbiddenB. rejectedC. excluded D denied38. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _________.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull through D pull out39.The priest(牧师. made the ________ of the cross(十字架) when he entered the church.A. markB. signalC. sign D gesture40. They visited our school _____ last year .A. sometimesB. sometimeC. some time D some times41. The PRC was _____ on October 1, 1949.A. foundB. fundC. founded D funded42. Focus on the class! Don’t be _____-mindedA. lostB. absentC. short D missing43. The hovercraft now in actual use _____ in shape, size and weight.A. turnB. changeC. vary D alter44. Nowadays, people in the city enjoy A. _____of lifestyle.A. varietyB. rangeC. extent D width45. He is _____of an actor.A. anybodyB. anyoneC. somebody D something46. Mary never ______doing such A. lot of housework.A. matterB. objectC. mind D care47. The film _____him of his own childhoodA. remindedB. rememberedC. thought D recollected48. We finally ____ to get home in the heavy fog.A. triedB. managedC. succeeded D endeavored49. Only by ________of the past can you move forwardA. letting looseB. letting goC. letting down D letting out50. We can _____ goods to your door.A. carryB. passC. deliver D relayPart III: Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each question, there are four choices marked A., B., C. andD. You should choose the best answer. Then click on the corresponding button.Passage 1On the evening of June 21, 1992, A. tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hotel in Xi’an with his bicycle. The hotel workers receive d him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen A. bicycle in the hotel ball before though they lived in “the king d om of bicycles.”Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi’an on his bicycle trip across Asi a. Which started last December in New Delhi, India.When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road Now, after 44 years, he was on the Silk Road in Xi’an an d his early dreams were coming true.Robert Friedlander’s next destinations (目的地. were Lanzhou Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan.51. The best title for this newspaper article would be________A. The Kingdom of BicyclesB. A. Beautiful Hotel in Xi’anC. Marco Polo and the Silk RoadD. An American Achieving His Aims52. The hotel workers told the manager about Friedlander coming to the hotel because _____.A. he asked to see the managerB. he entered the hall with A. bikeC. the manager had to know about all foreign guestsD. the manager knew about his trip and was expecting him53. Friedlander is visiting the three countries in the following order,_____ .A. China, India, and PakistanB. India, China, and PakistanC. Pakistan, China, and India.D. China, Pakistan, and India.54. What made Friedlander want to come to China?A. The stories about Marco Polo.B. The famous sights in Xi’an .C. His interest in Chinese silk.D. His childhood dreams about bicycles.55. Friedlander can be said to be __________.A. cleverB. friendlyC. hardworkingD. strong—mindedPassage 2London drivers know the city like the back of their hands. Just jump into one of the city's 22,000 taxis and tell the driver where you want to go. No matter how small the street is, the driver will be able to get you there without any trouble.The reason London taxi drivers are so capable is that they have all gone through A. verydifficult training period to get the special license for driving taxis. During this period, which can take from two to four years, the would-be taxi driver has to learn the most direct way to every single road and to every important building in London. To achieve this, most learners go around the city on small motor bikes, practicing how to move to and from different places of the city.Learner(初学的) taxi drivers are tested several times during their training period by government officers. And they are not allowed to work - and earn money - as drivers. Therefore, many of them keep their previous jobs until they obtain their taxi-driving license. The training periods can cost quite A. lot, because learners have to pay for their own expenses, the tests they take and A. medical exam.Once A. new taxi driver has A. license, the next thing he or she has to deal with(处理) is the passengers. drivers agree that most passengers are nice, but sometimes they can be unpleasant. And a taxi driver's job can also be dangerous. They may be attacked by passengers who do not want to pay the fare. To avoid situations like this, more and more drivers are joining radio taxi companies. This is very useful if something unpleasant happens.London taxi drivers love to talk to people and most of them start A. conversation as soon as the passenger goes into their car. Talking and driving smoothly at the same time -- this is the art that London taxi drivers have brought to perfection. They and their taxis are now recognized throughout the world, along with the Queen and Big Ben, as A. great British tradition.56. One of the most important requirements to get A. special license needed to drive taxis is thatdrivers have to .A. know how to ride small motor bikes around the cityB. know the narrowest street in the cityC. know the most direct way to every road and buildingD. go through A. rough training of three months57. Taxi drivers under training .A. could work as taxi-driversB. drop their previous jobsC. will be tested by experienced taxi drivers D pay for their own expenses58. If taxi drivers want to protect themselves against danger, the best thing for them to do isto .A. join the workers' unionB. join taxi companiesC. join radio taxi companiesD. be polite to their passengers59. According to the text London taxi drivers .A. are artistsB. are very talkativeC. love the capital cityD. are as highly respected as the Queen of England60. The best title for this text would be .A. The Work of London Taxi driversB. The Art of London Taxi driversC. The Training of London Taxi driversD. The Tradition of London Taxi driversEveryone knows how the story of Cinderella ends, but did you ever really think about how she spent her days before she met the prince? Her daily work was not so interesting. She did everything from sweeping the floor to cooking the meals. If someone had asked Cind erella, “Are there any kinds of household work that you particularly hate?” she probably woul d have answered, “W hy, none, of course. Housework is my d uty!” In the real worl d, however, most people dislike certain sorts of household work. Two of these tasks are ironing(熨) clothes and washing dishes.Ironing clothes is most hated because it is not A. task that can be done quickly. Each piece of clothing must be dealt with separately, so ironing A. basket of clothes can take hours! After ironing A. piece of clothing, you need to put it on A. hanger as soon as possible. If you do not do like this, it might become wrinkled(褶皱的) and you have to iron the clothes once again.Another household job that many people dislike is washing dishes. Of course, some people say that this work is no longer A. problem because we have dishwashers now! However, no one would argue that dishes d on’t come out as clean as they do when washed by hand For this reason, many of us continues to wash our dishes by hand, but we are not necessarily happy doing it. Cleaning dishes is A. job that not only takes A. lot of energy but also requires the patience to wash and dry them. In addition, unlike ironing clothes, washing dishes is A. thing that usually must be done every day. I d on’t know how Cin derella felt about this particular task, but I believe that most people hate it as much as I do.61. For Cinderella, doing household work is .A. an assignmentB. a joyC. a dutyD. a burden62. Most people hate to do clothes-ironing because .A. it has to be done by one personB. it must be handled skillfullyC. it involves careful planningD. it takes A. lot of time63. In order not to iron the clothes over again, one should .A. know how to iron certain clothes materialB. pay attention through all the stepsC. put it on A. hanger soon after being ironedD. pay special attention to the seams64. Many people still prefer washing dishes by hand to machine washing because .A. hand-washed dishes are cleanerB. dishwashers are not so easily handledC. some dishes cannot be washed by machineD. washing dishes by hand is cheaper65. Ironing is different from dishwashing in that .A. it requires patienceB. it is not a daily workC. it is not troublesomeD. it needs less careIt was a quarter past nine as Marie hurried into the office building where she was going to work. Her bus had moved slowly through heavy morning traffic, making her A. few minutes late for her very first job. She decided to start out half an hour earlier the next day.Once inside the lobby(大厅) , she had to stand in front of the lift and wait several minutes before she could get on one going to the sixth floor. When she finally reached the office named "King Enterprises". She knocked at the door nervously and waited There was no answer. She knocked at the door again, but still there was no reply. From inside the next office, she could hear the sound of voices, so she opened the door and went in.Although she was sure it was the same office she had been in two weeks before when she had had the interview with Mr. King, it looked quite different now. In fact, it hardly looked like an office at all. The employees were just standing around chatting and smoking. At the far end of the room, somebody must have just told A. good joke, she thought, because there was a loud laughter as she came in. For a moment she had thought they were laughing at her.Then one of the men looked at his watch, clapped(拍) his hands and said something to the others. Quickly they all went to their desks and, in a matter of seconds, everyone was working very hard No one paid any attention to Marie. Finally she went up to the man who was sitting at the desk nearest to the door and explained that this was her first day in the office. Hardly looking up from his work, he told her to have a seat and wait for Mr. King, who would arrive at any moment. Then Marie realized that the day's work in the office began just before Mr. King arrived Later she found out that he lived in Connecticut and came into Manhattan on the same train every morning, arriving in the office at 9:35, so that his staff knew exactly when to start working.66. Marie felt nervous when she knocked at the door because _ _A. it was her first day in A. new jobC. she was afraid that she had gone to the wrong placeB. she was A. little bit late for workD. there was no answer form inside the office67. Marie could hardly recognize the office she went into as _ _A. she had been there only onceB. Mr. King was not in the officeC. nobody was doing any workD. the office had A. new appearance68. The people in the office suddenly started working becauseA. they saw A. stranger in the officeB. they had finished their morning breakC. no one wanted to talk to MarieD. the boss was about to arrive69. We can infer from the text that the employees of the enterprise _ _A. would start their work by listening to a jokeB. were cold to newcomersC. were always punctual(准时) for workD. lacked devotion to the company70. The best title for this text would beA. Punctual Like a ClockB. A Cold WelcomeC. An Unpunctual ManagerD. Better LatePart IV: Translation (10%)Directions: There are five sentences in this part. For each sentence, five suggested Chinese translations are given. There are five choices marked A., B., C., D. and E. You areexpected to make the best choice. Then click on the corresponding button.71. She is a healthy role model for young and old people all over the world, and it is an honor tosay she is Canadian.A. 在全世界的老人和孩子门眼里，她都是一个健康的角色，很荣幸说她是加拿大人。
四级模拟试题Model Test1
Model Test 1Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Smoking Be Banned in Public Places? You should write at least 120words following the outline given below.1.近年来越来越多的公共场所禁烟2.这项举措在受到拥护的同时也引发了争议3.你的看法Should Smoking Be Banned in Public Places?—————————————————————————————————————Part II Reading Comprehensive (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Low-carbon Future: We Can Afford to Go GreenTackling climate change will cost consumers the earth. Those who campaign for a green revolution are out to destroy our western lifestyles. Such are the cries of opponents of emissions cuts, and their message has political impact: a number of surveys have found that the enthusiasm of voters for policies to reduce climate change falls off as the price tag increases.However, a new modeling(模型化) exercise suggests that these fears are largely unfounded. It projects that radical cuts to the UK’s emissions will cause barely noticeable increases in the price of food, drink and most other goods by 2050. Electricity and petrol costs will rise significantly, but with the right policies in place, say the modellers, this need not lead to big change in our lifestyle.“These results show that the global project to fight climate change is feasible,” says Alex Bowen, a climate policy expert at the London School of Economics. “It’s not such a big ask as people are making out.”Although it is impossible to precisely predict prices four decrease from now, the exercise is one of the most detailed examinations yet of the impact of climate change policies on UK consumers. It provides a useful rough guide to our economic future.Though its results speak directly to the UK consumers, previous research has come to similar conclusions for the US. In June, one study found that if the US were to cut emissions by 50 per cent by 2050, prices of most consumer goods would increase by less than 5 per cent. The findings are also consistent with analyses by the Pew Center on Global Climate change in Washington DC. “Even cutting emissions by 80 per cent over four decades has a very small effect on consumers in most areas,”says Manik Roy of the Pew Center. “The challenge is now to convince consumers and policy-Makers that this is the case.”The Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change recommends that wealthy nations cut their emissions to between 80 and 95 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050 in order to avoid theworst effects of climate change. The UK government aims to reduce its contribution by 80 per cent and leaders of the other G8 nations have discussed following suit. To meet this goal, industries will have to slash fossil fuel consumption, and low-carbon power sources will have to massively expand. Companies will have to pay increasingly higher prices for the right to emit greenhouse gases.How will this affect the average citizen's wallet? To measure the impact of the 80 per cent target on the UK population, New Scientist approached Cambridge Econometrics, a firm known for its modeling of the European economy. The firm used historic economic data to predict the impact of emissions reductions on prices in over 40 categories of goods and services. It compared the impact of the 80 per cent cut with a baseline scenario in which the government takes no action other than the limited emissions restrictions already in place as a result of the Kyoto protocol(京都协议书).Most of the price increases are a consequence of rising energy costs, in part because coal and gas are replaced by more expensive low-carbon sources. The price of electricity is projected to be 15 per cent higher in 2050 compared with the baseline. In today's prices, that would add around £5 onto typical monthly household electricity bills. It will also result in higher prices elsewhere, as every industrial sector uses electricity.But electricity and other forms of energy make up only a small part of the price of most goods. Other factors - raw materials, labour and taxes - are far more important. The energy that goes into producing food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco, for example, makes up just 2 per cent of the consumer price. For motor vehicle purchases and hotel stays, the figure is 1 per cent. Only for energy-intensive industries does the contribution climb above 3 per cent.As a result, most products cost just a few per cent more by 2050. At current prices, going low-carbon is forecast to add around 5 pence to the price of a slice of bread or a pint of beer. The price of household appliances such as washing machines rises by a few pounds.There is one major exception to the pattern. Airlines do not currently have a low-carbon alternative to jet fuel. Unless one is found, they will bear the full burden of carbon pricing, and average fares will rise by at least 140 per cent - raising the cost of a typical London to New York return trip from around £350 to £840.Achieving the overall picture of low prices does require government action. The model forecasts that by 2050 natural gas and petrol will cost 160 per cent and 32 per cent more respectively. To avoid large price rises in home heating and road transport while still hitting the 80 per cent target, the Cambridge researchers had to build two major policies into their analysis. They assumed that future governments will provide grants to help switch all domestic heating and cooking to electricity, and invest in the basic facilities needed for electric cars to almost completely replace petroleum-fuelled vehicles.Both policies have been discussed in recent UK government strategy documents, though the detail of how they would be implemented still needs further discussion. Firm policies must follow if ambitious emissions cuts are going to be made, says Chris Thoung of Cambridge Econometrics.So is tackling climate change going to be easier than expected, in terms of consumer costs? While the Cambridge Econometrics model is widely respected and regularly used by the UK government's climate change advisers, any attempt to forecast four decades ahead can be diverted by unforeseen events. That leads some economists to question the model's results.For example, companies could move to countries with less strict carbon regulations, points out Richard Tol of the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin, Ireland. Incomes in the UK would fall, making goods relatively more expensive. Tol also questions whether it is reasonable to use historical prices as a basis for projecting beyond 2020.Despite this, the Cambridge Econometrics results, together with other recent studies, do provide a useful guide for governments, says Michael Grubb of the University of Cambridge. They suggest that the overall challenge is conquerable, even if many of the details will only become clear in years to come.1.Why does the enthusiasm of the policy-makers to lesson climate decrease?A)Economic recession is widely spreadB)Western lifestyles are destroyedC)The cost of a green revolution risesD)The environment is improved2.According to the modellers, emission cuts won’t change the lifestyle, provided that_____A)the price of food and drink remain stableB)appropriate policies are carries outC)electricity and petrol costs don’t riseD)the public has a strong faith in it3.The students released in UK and US show that_________.A)Cutting emissions won’t affect the price of daily goods muchB)The two countries’ situations of the green revolution are differentC)The consumers strongly support cutting emissionD)The most challenging problem is how to stabilize the price4.Cambridge Econometrics predicted the impact of emissions reductions on prices from———A)Computer analysisB)Past economic dataC)Current categories of goodsD) A baseline situation5.What’s the major cause of the higher price according to the passage?A)Higher taxes on carbon emissionB)Changes of the lifestyleC)The rising living standardsD)Rising energy costs6.Why are the air fares predicted to rise dramatically?A)More and more people will take the planeB)No clean energy can replace the jet fuelC)Many airlines collapse due to carbon pricingD)The cost of an airline increases for finding new energy7.The two major policies built by the Cambridge researchers include______A)imposing higher taxes for petroleum-fuelled vehiclesB)Stabilization of the price of daily goods and serviceC)The electrification of residential heating and cooking systemD)The prohibition of driving petroleum-fuelled vehicles8.Some economists doubt the model’s results because the prediction may be diverted by ____9.Richard Tol points out that goods in UK may become more expensive as companies could findother locations with___________________.10.The Cambridge Econometrics results provide a useful guide for policy-makers, with asuggestion that the government can ________the challenge.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A11.A) the physics class is very difficultB) the physics class is not given his termC) the physics class is easier than people thinkD) The physics class should be cancelled if possible12.A) he was satisfied with his military serviceB) it was the first time he had been abroadC)he had never been on a warshipD) he had been on the warship before13.A) put ice on her footB) see a doctor at onceC) give her foot a good restD) take the doctor’s advice14.A) they broke down and could go no furtherB) they haven’t achieved muchC) they have produced a general agreementD) they haven’t started yet15.A) the woman is out of shapeB) the woman doesn’t need a new racketC) the woman also needs new tennis shoesD) The woman spent too much on her tennis shoes16.A) he should make an apology to MaryB) he may talk to Mary directlyC) he should excuse Mary’s behaviorD) he shouldn’t always pull a long face17.A) she didn’t like the styleB) the coat didn’t fit herC)she couldn’t afford itD) the fabric felt uncomfortable18.A) she has been on the trip herself and enjoyed itB) she wouldn’t consider going on the tripC) she thinks the class is too advanced for the manD) she think there’s a good reason to go on the trip19.A) he is late for classes too oftenB) he has missed too many classesC) he has failed in the exam againD) he is a trouble-maker at school20.A) students are going to take the final exam todayB) it’s the last day Steve can drop the class with a full refundC) students have to hand in their reports todayD) it’s the final day Steve can apply for a loan21.A) drop the classB) make up the missed lessonsC) stop taking part-time jobD) transfer to another school22.A) the quality of goods and services has improvedB) most people are reducing their consumptionC) complain channels are too limitedD) many people don’t bother to complain23.A) electrical appliancesB) travel agenciesC) photographic and sound equipmentD) clothing24.A) they account for the largest proportionB) 90 per cent of them are reasonableC) most of them are for delayed air ticketsD) few of them are for poor accommodation25.A) two weeksB) less than two weeksC) two to three weeksD) more than three weeksSection BPassage One26.A) it is an international organizationB) it only exists in poor countriesC) people always think highly of itD) anyone can join the group easily27.A) to try to stop the war in ItalyB) to help the wounded in the battleC) to form an international treatyD) to aid the injured in the earthquake28.A) protecting the prisoners of warB) teaching first aid to the publicC)raising money for public fundD) publicizing the idea of charityPassage Two29.A) they are offered for those with an interest in the coursesB) employers and employees in a company are both welcomeC) people who will retire in a few years are the target studentsD) students from a normal university can attend the courses30.A) specialist speakersB) retired peopleC) employersD) senior citizens31.A) they can attend any courses for freeB) they arrange discussion group for peopleC) they learn how to communicate with othersD) they want to be carpenters or craftsmen32.A) it charges at a reduced rateB) it is available every dayC) it is open to all peopleD) it is provided only in the eveningPassage Three33.A) they have to learn basics of EnglishB) they know clearly what they want to learnC) it is good for them to learn general English skillsD) they want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English34.A) the knowledge of teachersB) the behaviors of studentsC) the principles of schoolsD) The introduction of books35.A) English for doctorB) English for lawyersC) English for reportersD) English for businessmanSection CShyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are (36) ______ concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly (37) _________ in their minds: what kind of (38) ________ am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?It is (39) ______ that such uncomfortable feelings must negatively affect people. A person's conception of himself or herself is (40)_______ in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people's (41)________. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily (42)_______ by others. Shy people are very (43)_______ to criticism; it makes them feel of inferior. (44) ________________ _____________________________________________. A shy people may respond to apraise a statement like this one, "You're just saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not true."It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence.(45)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. For example, most people would like to be “A” students in every subject. (46)__________________ _____________________________________________________________. People’s expectations of themselves must be realistic.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) (25minutes)Section AThink before you post. You might not be aware of how much information you’re 47 .That’s the message from the founders of Please Rob Me, a website launched last week that 48 just how easy it is to rob people blind on the basis of the information they’re posting on the web. The site uses streams of data from Foursquare, a（n）49 popular location-based social network that is based on a game-like premise （前提）. Players use smart phones or laptops to "check in" to a location, 50 their position on a map for friends using the service to see. The more often you check in, the better your chances of being declared the mayor of a 51 location, be it a restaurant, bar, office or even your own home.T he problem comes when users also post these locations to Twitter, says Boy van Amstel, one of the founders of Please Rob Me. Then the information becomes 52 available, making it possible for a robber to keep a close watch on when you say you’re in your h ome or not.So how can you keep yourself off Please Rob Me and, more important, keep your home out of the police notebook A little foresight goes a long way. Sites like Foursquare and its competitors don’t post your location unless you give it to them, no r is it posted to Twitter without your 53 . It’s always up to the user to 54 what to post. Are you going to get robbed because you’re oversharing It’s 55 . But Please Rob Me shows that sometimes a little 56 online can go a long way.A）illustrates B）likely C）publicly D）particular E）decideF）excessively G）realize H）caution I）typical J）increasinglyK）revealing L）unlikely M）means N）consent O）recordingSection BPassage OnePregnancy mothers are getting a new tool to help keep themselves and their babies healthy: pregnancy tips sent directly to their cell phones.The so-called text4baby campaign is the first free, health education program in the U.S. to harness the reach of mobile phones, according to its sponsors. Organizers say texting is an effective means of delivering wellness tips because 90 percent of people in the U.S. have cell phones."Especially if you start talking about low-income people, cell phones are the indispensable tool for reaching them and engaging them about their health," said Paul Meyer, president ofVoxiva, a company which operates health texting programs in Africa, Latin America and India.Studies in those countries have shown that periodic texts can reduce smoking and other unhealthy behaviors in pregnant mothers.Meyer said the U.S. program, run by Voxiva, will be the largest health-related texting program ever undertaken.Under the new service, mothers-to-be who text "BABY" to a specified number will receive weekly text messages, timed to their due date or their baby’s birth date. The messages, which have been scanned by government and nonprofit health experts, deal with nutrition, immunization and birth defect prevention, among other topics. The messages will continue through the baby’s first birthda y.Baby is expected to be announced Thursday morning by off icials from the White House’s Office of Science and Technology Policy. Government officials will be publicizing the campaign in speeches and promotional materials.Organizers hope the effort can curb premature （早产的）births, which can be caused by poor nutrition, excessive stress, smoking and drinking alcohol. About 500,000 babies are born prematurely in the U.S. each year. The nonprofit is among the sponsors of the campaign."The real scary thing is that we’re an industrialized nation and we’re n ot doing very well on infant death rate, and we know prematurity is a big part of that," said the group’s director, Judy Meehan.Currently the U.S. ranks 30th worldwide for infant death rate, according to Meehan, behind most Western European nations.Researchers at the George Washington University have agreed to evaluate the effectiveness of baby by measuring health trends for mothers and newborns.57. The word “harness” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “_______”A) take advantage ofB) be independent ofC) produce an effect onD) expand the range of58. What do we know about Africa, Latin America and India?A) They are among the profitable marketsB) Women seldom care about their healthC) People there are relatively poorD) Cell phones are popular there59. The baby program is aimed at helping pregnancy women_________.A)in the U.S.B)in poor countriesC) all over the worldD)in Western European nations60. What is the purpose of the baby program?A) To warn women against bad habitsB) To let people care about prematurityC) To improve babies’ nutritionD) To reduce infant death rate61. Compared with the U.S., most Western European nations________.A) have higher infant death ratesB) do better on infant death ratesC) do more studies on babyD) pay less attention to babyPassage TwoAs a group of young African immigrants struggles to adapt to life in the United States, an after-school drama program at White Oak Middle School aims to make their lives easier by first making them a little harder.Project X is a program that uses drama, dance, poetry and other creative outlets to help students discuss the tough and sometimes painful problems they face as pre-teen immigrants with significant language barriers. A final unveiling of their creation will be performed for friends and family at the end of the year at Imagination Stage.Wanjiru Kamau, coordinator of White Oak’s African Club said it’s important to give troubles to group members to help them find their place at the school. "It comforts those who are uncomfortable, and it discomforts those who are comfortable," Kaman said of Project X.Kamau teamed up with Imagination Stage after she noticed that many African students seemed uncomfortable talking about problems, such as being laughed at by their fellow students about how they look and talk. When most of the kids join the club, they speak little or no English, Kamau said. Each week, the club typically draws five to 10 students who are originally from Africa for discussion sessions and the Project X program."We’re going to express ourselves through our words and our actions, and that’s powerful," said teaching artist Meg Green as she introduced fill-in-the-blank poems the students wrote about their identities.One student, Franck Ketchouang, 13, wrote, "I am from the world; I am love," which drew oohs and aahs from the group. Ketchouang has been in the United States less than a year, said Program Coordinator Chad Dike. When Ketchouang started attending Project X, he had been in the United States for two months and spoke no English. Now he’s one of the group’s most outgoing members and helps translate instructions from English to Creole for the group’s newest member, who is from Haiti.Many people will give up when there’s a language barrier, "but these stu dents prove them wrong," Kamau said. "You do have something to give. You are important. When TV, media, etc. are bringing them down, this program is bringing them up."62. Project X is intended for helping the young African immigrants to_________.A) get over language barriersB) overcome tough problemsC) enrich after-school lifeD) become more creative63. How well the members learn in the Project X program is demonstrated by _____.A) their annual creative performancesB) their annual scores gained at schoolC) the comments of friends and familyD) the comments of the program teachers64. What do we know about the imagination Stage?A) It’s established by Kamau for Project XB) It’s operated once at the end of each year.C) It’s projected designed by White Oak Middle School.D) It’s a cooperative partner of White Oak’s Africa Club.65. According to the author, what Franck Ketchouang wrote was_________.A) silly B) simple C) remarkable D) disputable66. The passage is written mainly to ________.A) call for more attention to immigrantsB) inspire immigrants to never give upC) advocate White Oak’s African ClubD) introduce the project X programPart V ClozeIt can be tempting to make a hasty decision when a killer opportunity comes along or the thought of spending another day on the job seems painful. 67 , Career coach Piotrowski recommends taking baby 68 to execute a new career strategy."Plan a timeline of one to two years to 69 your career change. Gather information for four to six months, and then get moving on activities that will 70 into your new specialty over the next few months. Remember, you can make the 71 over time. You don’t need to do i t all at72 .""Spend time looking 73 industry categories and a variety of jobs to get ideas about new career areas that may 74 to you. This can open your eyes to a multitude of 75 you hadn’t considered before."Informational interviews--the best-kept career-change secret, according to Piotrowski--will also help career changers come to a（n）76 . The key is to seek people already lost in a 77 career and pick their brain with questions such as, " 78 training do I need to do well in this job, what kind of money will I 79 , and what’s a day on the job really like"Finally, people should try a few career experiments to 80 their abilities and build experience to help them move into a new career more 81 ."A career experiment can be one of thousands of activities that 82 you to learn more about a new type of work 83 you commit to choosing it." Career experiments 84 shadowing a specialist, volunteering, 85 field trips, and designing projects to 86 your knowledge and skills.67. A) Furthermore B) Nevertheless C) Accordingly D) Therefore68. A) progress B) steps C) pace D) touch69. A) comment B) supplement C) implement D) document70. A) bridge B) ensure C) follow D) show71. A) swing B) shiver C) switch D) shield72. A) once B) all C) each D) both73. A) under B) with C) into D) through74. A) appeal B) access C) approach D) appearModel Test One75. A) excuses B) intentions C) visions D) options76. A) end B) close C) conclusion D) solution77. A) popular B) peculiar C) particular D) precise78. A) Where B) What C) When D) How79. A) make B) spend C) consume D) cost80. A) check B) exercise C) test D) practice81. A) easily B) likely C) usefully D) probably82. A) force B) agree C) persuade D) allow83. A) until B) since C) after D) before84. A) consist B) include C) engage D) imply85. A) taking B) laboring C) suffering D) carrying86. A) enforce B) enlighten C) enhance D) entitlePart Ⅵ Translation87. ______（和男士的饮食相比）, women’s diet g enerally needs to include more calcium and iron.88. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee ______（以免弄脏了新地毯）.89. The membership of the House is distributed among the states ______（根据这些州不同的人口）.90. We must treat all our people with fairness and dignity, ______（不论其种族、宗教或性别）.91. Had I ______（听了你的建议的话）, all this misery might have been avoided.11。
Model Test 1(一级)
Model Test 1 (一级)Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar. (25′)Section A Multiply Choice. (0.5×30＝15′)1. Bees__________in groups in a hive, and every bee________certain work that helps the other members of the group.A lived...didB live…doingC live…doesD living…doing2. I hope you__________ your stay in Venice next week.A enjoyB are going to enjoyC would enjoyD enjoyed3. The Safe Drinking Water Act requires that manicipal tap water__________for morethan 80 contaminants.A ought to be screenedB be screenedC need be screenedD is to be screened4. _____ the hustle and bustle of the big city, he saved up for years to buy a cottage in the countryside.A. Tiring ofB.Because tired ofC.When tiring ofD.Tired of5. For the first time in her life, she ______ a sense of fulfillment.A.feltB.has feltC.to feelD.has been feeling6. It is the first time that she_____ the moral standards of the community.A. is going to questionB.has questionedC. questionsD.questioned7.It was the second time that he_____ as a counselor at a summer camp.A. workedB.had workedC.could have workedD.must have worked8. The boy listened with amazement until the instructor insisted he_____ it.A. triedB.tryC.must tryD.would try9.Evidence from a recent study suggests that injures______ most likely to occur at social gatherings right after somebody hollers,"Hey everybody, watch this!"A.should beB.beC.areD.were10. It is a legal requirement that you_____ insurance for your car.A. haveB.need to haveC.ought to haveD.must have11. You are unlikely to succeed unless you______ his advice.A.ignoreB. understandC. rememberD. follow12. Smoking in this five-star hotel is_____.A. declinedB. preventedC. prohibitedD. refused13. When will you _____this new policy?A. adoptB. adaptC. addictD. adorn14. industrial expansion was a very sound investment in present-daysociety.A reliableB successfulC strategicD large-scale15. It is apparent that new energy sources will be required to keep up the______societies of the world in the future.A civicB civilianC civilD civilized16. It seems necessary for these newcomers to have some______at this stage for their better understanding of the new subject.A principleB principalC orientationD approach17. He _______ tonight with his horrifying fishing stories.A lived on my nervesB got on my nervesC touched a raw nerveD lost his nerve18. Many American Indians______contact with ghosts, so they disposed of the bodies of dead relatives immediately.A frightenedB scared ofC dazzledD dreaded19. His formula surprised many in the scientific community because it ______ the long-held belief.A contradictedB arguedC denouncedD criticized20. If any of the runners interfere with the others during the competition, the race is automatically declared null and ______.A coaxedB uselessC emptyD void 21．Can you tell us how you_____ the earthquake?A. were survivedB. survivedC. survived inD. survived after22."Are you still homesick? Believe me, you’ll soon_____."A. get it overB. get over itC. recoverD. recover it23. The workers were on strike, _________higher pay and better working conditions.A requiringB persistingC demandingD insisting24. The American historian Schlesinger’s works are notable for their __________insight into the sociological forces that shaped American history.A sharpB deepC keenD acute25. In order to __________ an earlier mistake, little John worked harder than before.A repayB redeemC recoverD regain26. Children __________ have better memories than adults, especially in learningforeign languages.A on averageB on the averageC on an averageD averagely27. Three Days to See____ my interest in knowing more about Helen Keller.A. roseB. aroseC. arousedD. raised28. Not knowing what to reply____ such a question, we kept silent.A. /B. toC. withD. on29. I was sick_____ his way of speaking.A. withB. offC. againstD. of30. I don’t like him; he always pokes his ______into other people’s affairs.A. fingersB. handsC. noseD. FootSection B Fill in the blanks according to the requirements. Write your answerson the answer sheet. (1×10＝10′)1.hero__________ (feminine form)2.heir (feminine form)3. We all look the wise old man. (fill in the blank with an equivalent to “respect highly”)4. The policeman began to take their statements in his book. (fill in the blank with an equivalent to “write ”)5. The letter has not been signed. It is . (the antonym of “signed”)6. His lecture is so monotonous that every one in the hall soon gets . (the antonym of “patient”)Choose from the following phrasal verbs and then fill in each blank with one that fits in the proper form.make for make off make up make up for make out7.Where we ? The school office?8.They are working hard to the lost time.9.The prisoner broke out and .10.He is murmuring. I can hardly what he is saying.Part II. Reading comprehension. (共40分，每个2分)Passage 1Nowadays, a standard for measuring power has changed. These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power. No longer will a nation's political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary measure of power. But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of power and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world.America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess (工业实力)over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership.The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the Department of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society-government, industry, and education. That is not to say that the Defense Department will not be a strong force in the process because we will. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior of American industry.31. Now a nation's political influence depends on _________.A. the strength of its military forcesB. its ability to compete in industryC. economic marketsD. both A and B32. The Soviet Union was not listed as a third-world nation just because of_________.A. its powerful military forcesB. its vast landC. its industrial competitivenessD.its contributions to world peace33. The author indicates that ______ is threatening American political power.A. other countriesB. the declining U.S. industrial baseC. a new standard for measuring powerD. less advanced technology34. America succeeded in shaping world events over past 40 years probably because of ___________.A. its ability to adapt technologyB. its ability to take advantage of the capabilities of its peopleC. its ability to compete in the world marketsD. both A and B35. The purpose of writing this article is __________.A. to draw the readers' attention to a new standard for measuring powerB. to demonstrate American political influence in the worldC. to emphasize that efforts must be made to strengthen the declining U.S. industrialbase.D. to show American industrial prowessPassage 2Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snow-blindness.Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape; Eventhe scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow blindness or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.36. To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are_____.A.indispensableefulC.ineffectiveD.available37. When the eyes are sore, tears are produced to ________.A.clear the visionB.remedy snow-blindnessC.ease the irritationD.loosen the muscles38. Snow-blindness may be avoided by_______.A.concentrating to the solid white terrainB.searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrainC.providing the eyes with something to focus onD.covering the eyeballs with fluid39.The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to _______.A.give the men behind something to seeB.beautify the landscapeC.warm themselves in the coldD.prevent the men behind from losing their way40. A suitable title for this passage would be _______.A.snow-blindness and how to overcome itB.nature's cure for snow-blindnessC.soldiers in the snowD.snow visionPassage 3Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the languages those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught-to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle. They compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We actas if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks, Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems sensible to them. With our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is non sense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential they will need to get in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and le arn it.41.What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?A.by copying what other people do.B.by making mistakes and having them corrected.C.by listening to explanations from skilled people.D.by asking a great many questions.42.What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?A.They give children correct answers.B.They point out children’s mistakes to them.C.They allow children to mark their own work.D.They encourage children to mark to copy from one another.43.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are___.A.not really important skills.B.more important than other skills.C.basically different from learning adult skills.D.basically the same as learning other skills.44.Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by___.cated persons.B.the children themselves.C.teachers.D.parents.45.The author fears that children will grow up into adults while being___.A.too independent of others.B.too critical of themselves.C.incapable to think for themselves.D.incapable to use basic skills.Passage 4On Thursday afternoon Mrs. Clarke, dressed for going out, took her handbag with her money and her keys in it, pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club. She always went there on Thursdays. It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone.At six o'clock she came home, let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke in her house? How? How? Had someone got in? She checked the back door and the windows. All were locked or fastened as usual. There was no sign of forced entry.Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-"a master key"perhaps. So she stayed at home the following Thursday. Nothing happened. Was anyone watching her movements? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time, dressed as usual, but she didn't go to the club. Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in through her garden and the back door. She settled down to wait.It was just after four o'clock when the front door bell rang. Mrs. Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time. The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open. With the kettle of boiling water in her hand, she moved quietly towards the front door. A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box, and then a hand. The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door-lock. Mrs. Clarke raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand. There was a shout outside, and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers like a glove. The wire fell to the floor, the hand was pulled back, and Mrs. Clarke heard the sound of running feet.46. Mrs. Clarke looked forward to Thursday because_______.A. she worked at a club on the dayB. she visited a club on ThursdayC. she said visitors on ThursdaysD.a special visitor came on Thursday47. If someone had made a forced entry,_______.A. he or she would have needed a master keyB. he or she was still in the houseC. things would have been thrown aboutD.Mrs.Clarke would have found a broken door or window48. On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out_______.A.in an attempt to trick the thiefB.to see if the thief was hanging about outsideC.because she didn't want to miss the club againD.to the club but then changed her mind49. The lock on the front door was one which_______.A.could he opened from inside without a keyB. needed a piece of wire to open itC.couldn't be opened without a keyed a knob instead of a key50. The wire felt to the floor_______.A.because Mrs.Clarke refused to open the doorB.when the man's glove dropped offC.because the man just wanted to get awayD.because it was too hot to holdPart III. Fill in each blank with a word. Write your answers on the answer sheet.（1×15＝15′）Most Americans think that ice cream is as American (1) baseball (2) apple pie. (3) ice cream was known long (4) America was discovered.The Roman emperor Nero may have made a kind (5) ice cream. He hired hundreds (6) men to bring snow and ice (7) the mountains. He used it to make cold drinks. Traveller Marco Polo brought back recipes (8) chilled(9) frozen milk (10) China.Hundreds (11) years later, ice cream reached England. It is said (12) King Charles I enjoyed that treat very much. There is a story (13) bribed his cook to keep the recipe (14) ice cream a royal secret.Today ice cream is known (15) the world. Americans alone eat more than two billion quarts a year.Part IV. Translation. Write your answers on the answer sheet. ( 2×6＋3=15′)1.那是我第一次与雇主发生这么大的纠葛(trouble)。
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PART I DICTATIONTravel BooksThere are three kinds of travel books./ The first are those that give a personal, subjective account of travels/ which the author has actually made himself./ If these books are informative and have a good index, / they can be very useful to you/ when you are planning your travels./ The second can be classified as selective guidebooks / whose purpose is to give a purely objective description of things to be done and seen./The third are those books which are called "a guide'' to some place or other. / They will give an analysis or an interpretation.Part Two Listening ComprehensionSECTION A TALKCloseness and Personal Space1.Intimate distance■Range: (1)_________ to 45cm. (1)_________■Inappropriate distance for (2)_________(2)_________■For people who aren’t intimate: extremely (3)_________(3)_________2.Personal distance■Range: 45cm to 1.2m.■Most appropriate for (4)_________(4)_________■Easy to see: expressions and eye movements, (5)_________(5)_________3.Social distance■Range: 1.2m to 3.6m■Normal distance for (6)_________ (6)_________▲working together in the same room▲during (7)_________ (7)_________■ essential to communication: louder speech and (8)_________(8)_________4.Public distance■Ranges: 3.7m to 4.5m.■distances for teaching and (9)_________(9)_________■exaggerated non-verbal communication is necessary▲(10)_________ (10)_________▲Larger head movements1. close contact2. public behavior3. disturbing4. holding a conversation/ conversations5. overall body language6. impersonal business7. social gathering8. eye contact9. public speaking / public speeches 10. clear hand gesturesCloseness and Personal SpaceGood morning, everyone. Today, we'll talk about closeness and personal space. Every culture has different levels of physical closeness appropriate to different types of relationship, and individuals learn these distances from the society in which they grew up. When someone violates an appropriate distance, people may feel uncomfortable or defensive. Their actions may well be open to misinterpretation.In Western society, four distances have been defined according to the relationship between the people involved. They are intimate distance, personaldistance, social distance, and public distance. These four distances are associated with the four main types of relationship-- intimate, personal, social and public.Now we'll talk about the four personal distances one by one.First, we'll begin with intimate distance. Intimate distance ranges from close contact, such as touching, to 45cm. In British society, it tends to be seen as an inappropriate distance for public behaviour and entering the intimate space of another person with whom you do not have a close relationship can be extremely disturbing.Next, let's look at the second type of distance, personal distance, which ranges from 45cm to 1.2m. The far phase of personal distance is considered to be the most appropriate for people holding a conversation. At this distance it is easy to see the other person's expressions and eye movements, as well as their overall body language. Handshaking can occur within the bounds of personal distance.OK, let's move onto the third type of personal distance, social distance, which covers the range from 1.2m to 3.6m. This is the normal distance for impersonal business, for example working together in the same room or during social gatherings. Seating is also important; communication is far more likely to be considered as a formal relationship if the interaction is carried out across a desk In addition, if the seating arrangements are such that one person appears to look down on another, an effect of domination may be created. At a social distance, speech needs to be louder and eye contact remains essential to communication, otherwise feedback will be reduced and the interaction may end.Finally, the last type of personal distance is public distance, which ranges from 3.7m to 4.5m. Teachers and public speakers address groups at a public distance. At such distances exaggerated non-verbal communication is necessary for communication to be effective. Subtle facial expressions are lost at this distance, so clear hand gestures are often used as a substitute. Larger head movements are also typical of an experienced public speaker who is aware of changes in the way body language is perceived at longer distances.OK, today we've taken a brief look at the four personal distances associated with four main types of relationship. It is worth noting that these distances are considered the norm in Western society. Understanding these distances allows us to approach others in non-threatening and appropriate ways. We can understand how others feel about us, how they view the relationship and, if appropriate, adjust our behaviour accordingly.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSConversation One1. A. to request an extension on a deadline.B. to get advice about time managementC. to ask for help in writing the term paper.D. to make excuses for the overdue term paper.2. A. His paper was eaten by a dog.B. He has seven papers due on the same day.C. He has forgotten about the paper.D. He has difficulty managing things.3. A. He failed an exam.B. His dog was missing.C. His mother was ill.D. He caught the flu.4. A. He sho uldn’t help his roommate next time.B. He needs plans to deal with unexpected things.C. He should take exercise and get healthier.D. He should have the term paper done on time.5. A. He is honest.B. He is helpful.C. He is conscientious.D. He is conscious.Conversation Two6. A. She goes to sign the contact with the man.B. She wants to enquire about some details.C. She intends to thank the man for his help.D. She just wants to visit the office in advance.7. A. The pay scale is just the same as the fixed salary.B. A new employee is at the lower end of the pay scale.C. Employee’s pay scale level here will not be changed.D. The pay scale changes according to the contribution.8. A. She wants to reach a higher level on the pay scale.B. She requires the man to give her stock options now.C. She is looking forward to a cash payment as a bonus.D. She wants to get money compensation from the man.9. A. Employee in a senior position can get more holiday.B. Employee who work longer there get more holiday.C. Employee only get holiday after two years of work.D. Employee’s holiday there has been settled and fixed.10. A. She is too hard to communicate with.B. She deserves more bonuses and holiday.C. She is asking too many bonuses from him.D. She is negotiator who is hard to deal with.Key :1-5 ADCBC 6-10 BBCBDConversation OneW: Good afternoon, Mr. White. You are in my American History 201 class, right? How can I help you today?M: It's about my term paper. I know it's due next Monday, but I was hoping... I don't think I can get it done by then. Could I please turn it in by the end of next week instead? I have a really good excuse.W: Oh, I'm sure you do! I've been teaching 33 years. Do you know how many excuses I've heard? "My dog ate my paper." "My roommate had a party so I couldn't concentrate." "I have seven papers due on the same day!" "I went home to see my parents and my car broke down." My favorite was a student who told me she "forgot"all about her term paper until the day before it was due. It's amazing she remembered to come to class.M: I didn't forget, madam. I've been working on the paper, really! Here, I brought my outline and a rough draft. It's just that... Well, a lot of things have been going on in my life, and I'm having trouble managing things.W: I see. You know, I assigned that paper four weeks ago, and I've been reminding students about it in each class. So, tell me your story. What's happening in your life?M: First, about two weeks ago, my roommate found out his mother was real sick. So he's been really upset, and, uh,well, I went home with him for a couple of days to see his mom. That caused me to miss biology lab, and I have a huge biology final coming up on Tuesday that I really need to study for this weekend. ThenI got the flu last week, and missed a day of class. I tried to work on your paperthat day, but I really felt horrible...W: OK, I can understand that. I'm glad that you're helping your roommate through a tough time. That's more important than school work. But all this seems to have happened recently. What about the two weeks after I first assigned the term paper? M: I guess I didn't use that time very well. I kind of put off getting started on it.W: Yes, you did. You know, if I had a dollar for every time I've heard a student say that...M: I'm sorry, Professor. I've learned my lesson. If I had spent just a little bit of time each week on the paper, I could have had it done on time. I know now thatI need to plan for unexpected things.W: You seem like a bright, conscientious young man. So I'll tell you what. This time you can turn in your paper no later than 9 a., right here on my office desk. M: Thank you, Professor! You bet I will.Questions 1-5 are based on Conversation One.1. Why does the man visit the woman?2. What is the man's excuse?3. According to the man, what happened to his roommate?4. What lesson has the man learned from talking to the woman?5. What does the woman think of the man?Conversation TwoM: Hi! Welcome to WebWare. Sit down please.W: Thanks, nice to see you again.M: You too. So, you said you wanted to come in and have a chat with me before you start your work here. Tell me about it.W: Yeah, I just want to have a look round and ask a few more questions. I'm wondering whether it is okay for me to do so.M: Of course, just fire away with your questions!W: Well, first of all, I was surprised when I received the e-mail about the offer.Thank you for trusting me, and I am delighted to receive the job offer... M: Good! And we are delighted to offer it to you.W: But... before I sign the contract there are one or two specifics I want to talk about.M: Ok... "specifics"? Tell me what they are.W: Well. I read from your last e-mail that there is a pay scale, instead of a fixed salary. Is that right?M: Yes, you're quite right about it. As a new employee in our company, you'd be at the lower end of the pay scale. And of course, things get changed later when you continuously bring contribution to the company.W: But taking my experience into account...M: Well, you haven't had that much experience-- we see you as an investment... W: But that salary would only be a little more than I'm making now. So, instead of asking for a higher level on the pay scale, I thought this could be compensated by adding certain bonuses, for instance if I make certain sales targets, or even break them, I would be looking for a good cash payment, or stock options in the company. Would it be possible?M: Well, that is something we sometimes offer to senior members of staff, but to show good faith I'll provisionally offer you the bonus scheme, but I'll have to okay it with Philip first.W: That's fine. One more thing, I also see there are 25 days holiday.M: Yes. That's standard.W: It's not very much for a high pressure job though...M: I'm sorry I can't offer you any more holiday. Only the staff who work here for over three years can get extra days, so you will get more holiday after you work here for a longer time.W: No, I don't mean that. But I was wondering if I could delay the start date-- so instead of starting a week from now, as we discussed, I could start in a month's time?M: You're a tough negotiator, Madison!W: That's one of the reasons you hired me!M: Yes, of course. Okay, I think we can do that. I'll look forward to seeing you ina month, and earning those bonuses!Questions 6-10 are based on Conversation Two.6. Why does the woman go to see the man?7. What does the man say about the pay scale in his company?8. What requirement does the woman make about the salary?9. What is the holiday policy in the company?10. What does the man think of the woman?。