学术英语 医学 Unit 5
医学英语unit 5总结
Unit five Doctors and Managers can learn from each other 一．Background information1. Manager：Anyone who uses management skills in their work.2. Management in all business areas and organizational activities are the acts of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources.Health administration or healthcare administration is the field relating to leadership, management, and administration of hospitals, hospital networks, and health care systems. Health care administrators are considered health care professionals.The discipline is known by many names, including health management（健康管理；卫生管理）, healthcare management（卫生保健管理）, health systems management（卫生系统管理）, health care systems management, and medical and health services management二、text analysis1. open up 打开；开发；开始；展示，揭露The bullet wound in his shoulder was opened up for treatment.切开他肩上的枪伤进行治疗。
学术英语Unit5练习答案
1 Definition
? Enhancing your academic language Match the words with their definitions.
1 —— b 2 —— i 3 —— e 4 —— f 5 —— c
Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay
1 Definition
? Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 15 into Chinese.
1 特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的 国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。
1 Definition
? Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 15 into Chinese.
4 转基因的抗病毒作物可以减少这种损失，就像抗干旱种子 在耕地面积因缺水而受到限制的地区起到的作用一样。
1 genetically (基因上地) engineering 2 advantages outweigh (比……重要) disadvantages
greatly 3 infrastructure (基础设施) construction 4 statistics (统计) analysis 5 will soon resolve (解决) all the difficulties 6 financial (金融的) institution 7 rigorous (严格的) discipline 8 spark (点燃) the flames of revolution 9 be in collaboration (合作) with your partner 10 a(n) desperate (绝望的) cry for help 11 alter (改变) the bad habit
医学英语课件unit 5
Enemy?
Mental and Emotional Stress: Are You Your Own Worst Enemy?
We ’ v e a l l f o u n d ourselves being impatient with people or taking out frustrations on innocent bystanders, or causing unnecessary conflicts and mental stress because stress is cl oudi ng our j u d g m e n t .
对比记忆aggressive, aggregation
Effects of Stress on the Body 7. Many diseases are related with stress. Diseases of the gastrointestinal system, the respiratory system, and the skin are often aggravated, if not caused, by stress. Hypertension is another disease greatly affected by stress.
2. The regulation of the internal functioning of the body is controlled by the hypothalamus of the brain, which governs the autonomic nervous system and the master endocrine gland, the pituitary. Not only does the hypothalamus control homeostasis, it senses when the body or a body part is under stress and directs the proper response through nerves and glands.
医学英语新教程-习题参考答案Unit 5
Unit FiveStress and DiseasesSection A1—c 2—f 3—j 4—a 5—h6—d 7—b 8—i 9—e 10—gSection BPassage 1I. Reading Comprehension1.Describe the general changes that occur when the body is subjected to stress.The blood sugar level rises, providing an additional energy supply needed for repair of the damaged tissue. The injured site becomes inflamed due to the increased blood flow to the area. The neutrophil count increases, enabling the phagocytic cells to engulf foreign matter and cellular debris.2.How does the body counteract the effect of shock due to blood loss?The response of the body to this stress is to increase blood pressure. Specialized neural receptors sense the low pressure, and through a neural mechanism, which will be explained, the blood pressure increases. The kidneys, sensing the reduced blood pressure due to the loss of blood, release a substance called renin that aids in restoring proper pressure. The adrenal glands are stimulated to release adrenalin, which also increases blood pressure and heart activity.3.What is the role of the hypothalamus in responding to stress?Signals of an alarm reaction are sent to the hypothalamus, which in turn sends releasing factors to the pituitary gland. The pituitary secretes ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and thyrotropin, which stimulate the thyroid gland and the adrenal cortex to release thyroxine and the corticosteroids.4.What is the action of cortisol and related steroids?Cortisol, a glucocorticoid, is anti-inflammatory and inhibits unnecessary defense reactions.5.How can stress predispose to tuberculosis?An excess of anti-inflammatory hormones produced during stress can actually cause the spread of an infection by weakening the barricade around infectious organisms. Stress can be a predisposing factor in the spread of tuberculosis for this reason. Tubercle bacilli can be held at bay until excessive cortisol is circulated.6.How are peptic ulcers related to stress?Peptic ulcers are a prime example of a stress-related disease. The ulcer patient is frequently nervous, prone to worry, and very conscientious. Prolonged physiologic or psychological stress triggers the alarm reaction, and gastric secretion, which is high in digestive enzymes and acidity, is increased.7—D 8—B 9—D 10—AII. Vocabulary StudyPart A1—inflammation 2—hypersensitivity 3—homeostasis 4—pathogen 5—hypertension 6—constriction 7—constipation 8—infection 9—perspiration 10—migrainePart B1—maintenance 2—aggravate 3—conscientious 4—predispose 5—intensity 6—altitude 7—precipitate 8—retain 9—compulsive 10—barricadeIII. TranslationPart A1.The body is constantly striving to maintain a constant internal environment in themidst of ever-changing conditions.身体在持续变化的条件下努力维持内环境的恒定。
(完整版)学术英语(医学)课后问题答案
Unit11、Some factors that may lead to the complaint:·Neuron overload·Patients* high expectations·Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patient and the doctor2、Mrs. Osorio’s condition:·A 56-year-old woman·Somewhat overweight·Reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension·Cholesterol on the high side without any medications for it·Not enough exercises she should take·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan3、Good things:·Blood tests done·Glucose a little better·Her blood pressure a little better but not so great Bad things:·Cholesterol not so great·Her weight a little up·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan 44、The situation:·The author was in a moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts aboutMrs. Osorio’s conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.·Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions.and completely justified ·Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innocent —：the form signed by her doctor.—request”·The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patient whilecompleting documentation.5、Similarities:·In computer multitasking, a microprocessor actually performs only one task at a time. Like microprocessors, we human beings carft actually concentrate on two thoughts at the same exact time. Multitasking is just an illusion both in computersand human beings.Differences:·The concept of multitasking originated in computer science.·At best, human beings can juggle only a handful of thoughts in a multitasking manner, but computers can do much better.·The more thoughts human beings juggle, the less human beings are able to attune fully to any given thought, but computers can do much better.6、·7 medical issues to consider·5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue·7 x 5 = 35 thoughts·10 patients that afternoon·35 x 10 = 350 thoughts·5 residents under the authors supervision·4 patients seen by each resident·10 thoughts, at least, generated from each patient·5 x 4 x 10 = anther 200 thoughts·350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total·If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves about 10 thoughts that might get lost in the process.7、Possible solutions:·Computer-generated reminders·Case managers·Ancillary services·The simplest solution: timeUnit21、The author implies:? Peoples inadequate consciousness about the consequence of neglecting the re-emerging infectious diseases·Unjustifiability of peoples complacency about the prevention and control of theinfectious diseases·Unfinished war against infectious diseases2、Victory declarations:·Surgeon General William Stewart's hyperbolic statement of closing “the book on infectious disease”.·A string of impressive victories incurred by antibiotics and vaccines·The thought that the war against infectious diseases was almost overWhat followed ever since:·Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola·Comeback of the old afflictions:? Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union? TB in urban centers like New York City? Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever·The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world3、Elaborate on the joined battle:·WHO established a new division devoted to worldwide surveillance and controlof emerging disease in October 1995.·CDC launched a prevention strategy in 1994.·Congress raised fund from $6.7 million in 1995 to $26 million in 1997.4、The borders are meaningless to pathogenic microbes, which can travel fromone country to another remote country in a very short time.5、TB:·Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal places for TB spread·Emerging of drug-resistant strain or even multi-drug-resistant strain·A ride on the HIV w^on by attacking the immunocompromisedGroup A strep:·A change in virulence·Mutation in the exterior of the bacteriumFlu:Constant changes in its coat (surface antigens) and resultant changes in its levelof virulence6、Examples:·Experiment in England is seeing the waning immunity because of no vaccination. ·Du e to poor vaccination efforts, the diphtheria situation in the former Soviet Union is serious. '? The vaccination rates are dropping in some American cities, and it will lead to more diphtheria and whooping cough.7、The four areas of focus:·The need for surveillance·Updated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the field·Appropriate prevention and control·Strong public health infrastructure8、The infectious diseases such as TB, flu, diphtheria and scarlet fever will never really go away, and the war against them will never end.Unit31、Terry's life before·She loved practicing Tae Kwon Do·She loved the surge of adrenaline that came with the controlled combat of tournaments.·She competed nationally, even won bronze medal in the trials for the Pan American Games.·She attended medical school, practiced as an internal medicine resident, and became an academic general internist.·She got married and got a son and a daughter.2、The symptoms of MS and autoimmune disease:·Loss of stamina and strength·Problems with balance·Bouts of horrific facial pain·Dips in visual acuity3、Terry did the following before she self-experimented:·She started injections.·She adopted many pharmacotherapies.·She began her own study of literature:? She read articles on websites such as PubMed.? She searched for articles testing new MS drugs in animal models.? She turned to articles concerning neurodegeneration of all types — dementia，Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease.? She relearned basic sciences such as cellular physiology, biochemistry, andneurophysiology.4、Approaches Terry mainly used:·Self-experimentation with various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on literature reports on animal models·Self-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation which is not an approved treatment for MS·Online search to identify the sources of micronutrients and having a new diet ·Reduction of food allergies and toxic load5、Cases mentioned in the text:·Increased mercury stores in the brains of people with dental fillings·High levels of the herbicide atrazine in private wells in Iowa·The strong association between pesticide exposure and neurodegeneration·The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms involving metabolism of sulfur and/or B vitamins·Inefficient clearing of toxins6、With 70% to 90% of the risk for diabetes, heart disease, cancer, andautoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than the genes, we cantake many health problems and the health care crisis under our control, for example, optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.Unit41、Two concepts:·Complementary medicine refers to the use of conventional therapies together with alternative treatments such as using acupuncture in addition to usual care to help lessen pain. Complementary and alternative medicine is shortened as CAM.·Alternative medicine refers to healing treatments that are not part of conventional therapies —like acupuncture, massage therapy, or herbal medicine. They are called so because people used to consider practices like these outside the mainstream.2·TCM does not require advanced, complicated, and in most cases, expensivefacilities.·TCM employs needles, cups, coins, to mention but a few.·Most procedures and operations of TCM are noninvasive.·The substances used as medicine are raw herbs or abstracts from them, andthey are indeed all natural, from nature.·TCM has been practiced as long as the Chinese history, so the efficiency i s proven and ensured.·Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on some of the theories and practices of TCM3、It may be used as an adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program for a number of conditions: post-operativeand chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative dental pain, addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma.4、A well-justified NO:·More intense research to uncover additional areas for the use of acupuncture ·Higher adoption of acupuncture as a common therapeutic modality not only in treatment but also in prevention of disease and promotion of wellness·Exploration and perfection of innovative methods of acupuncture point stimulation with technological advancement·Improved understanding of neuroscience and other aspects of human physiology and function by basic research on acupuncture·Greater interest by stakeholders·An increasing number of physician acupuncturists5、·Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance:? Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient?Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulas·Digression from either of the above guidence will lead to misuses of herbs, andwill result in complications in patient6、·Randomized controlled trialsAdvantages:?Elimination of the potential bias in the allocation of participants to the intervention group or control group? Tendency to produce comparable groups? Guaranteed validity of statistical tests of significanceLimitations:? Difficulty in generalizing the results obtained from the selected sampling to the population as a whole? A poor choice for research where temporal factors are anissue?Extremely heavy resources, requiring very large samplegroups? Quasi-experimentsAdvantages:? Control group comparisons possible?Reduced threats to external validity as natural environments do notsuffer the same problems of artificiality as compared to a well-controlledlaboratory setting.?Generalizations of the findings to be made about population since quasiexperiments are natural experimentsLimitations：? Potential for non-equivalent groups as quasi-experimental designs donot use random sampling in constructing experimental and controlgroups.?Potential for low internal validity as a result of not using random sampling methods to construct the experimental and control groups? Cohort studiesAdvantages:?Clear indication of the temporal sequence between exposure and outcome? Particular use for evaluating the effects of rare or unusual exposure? Ability to examine multiple outcomes of a single risk factorLimitations:? Larger, longer, and more expensive? Prone to certain types of bias? Not practical for rare outcomes? Case-control studiesAdvantages:? The only feasible method in the case of rare diseases and those with longperiods between exposure and outcome? Time and cost effective with relatively fewer subjects as compared to other observational methodsLimitations：? Unable to provide the same level of evidence as randomized controlled trialsas it is observational in nature? Difficult to establish the timeline of exposure to disease outcometrials? “N=1”Advantages? Easy to manage? InexpensiveLimitations：? Findings difficult to be generalized to the whole population? Weakest evidence due to the number of the subject7、? Synthesis of evidence is completely dependent on:? The completeness of the literature search (unavailable for foreign studies)? The accuracy of evaluation·There are situations in which no answer can be found for the questions of interest in RCTs and database analyses.·There's the requirement of using less stringent information rather than “hard data”8、·Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in society·Research and education·Political, economic, and social factorsUnit51、·Dis-ease refers to the imbalance arising from：? Continuous stress? Pain? Hardships·Disease is a health crisis ascribable to various dis-eases.·Prompting elimination of dis-eases can alleviate some diseases.2、·Wellness is a state involving every aspect of our being: body, mind and spirit.·Manifestations of a healthy person:? Energy and vitality? A certain zip in gait? A warm feeling of peace of heart seen through behavior3、·Constant messages, positive and negative，are sent to our mind about the health of our body.·Physical symptoms are suppressed by people who go through life on automatic pilot.·Being well equals to being disease- or illness-free in the minds of them.·They confused wellness with an absence of symptoms.4、·People's minds are infected by spin:? Half-truth? Fearful fictions? Blatant deceit: some as a form of self-deceit·Spin is a result of unconscious living.·The kind of falseness is pandemic.5·Our body intelligence is suppressed or dormant from a lack of use.·There are tremendous amount of stress on a daily basis.·Our bodies are easily ignored for years because of a lack of recreation time. ·Limiting, self-defeating and even self-destructive behaviors undermine our wellbeing and keep them from achieving our full potential.6·We grow more reluctant to take risks.·We lose the ability to feel and acknowledge our deepest feelings and the courage to speak our truth.·We continue to deny and repress our feelings to protect ourselves.·Fear, denial and disconnection from our bodies and feelings become an unconscious, self-protective habit, a kind of default response to life.7·A multi-faceted process:? Looking for roots of and resolutions for the issues in different dimensions? Building our wellness toolbox slowly? Picturing our whole state of being·Attention to the little stuff:? Examining our lives honestly and setting clear intentions to change? Striving to maintain a balance of our mind, body and spirit? Taking small steps in the way to perceive and resolve conflict8·Try to awaken and evolve in order to live more consciously.·Get in touch with our genuine feelings and emotions.·Come to terms with the toxic emotionsUnit61、In the past, most people died at home. But now, more and more people are caredin hospitals and nursing homes at their end of life, which of course brings a newset of questions to consider.2、·Sixty-four years old with a history of congestive heart failure·Deciding to do everything medically possible to extend his life·Availability of around-the-clock medical services and a full range of treatmentchoices, tests, and other medical care·Relaxed visiting hours, and personal items from home3、Availability of around-the-clock medical resources, including doctors, nurses, andfacility.4、·Taking on a job which is big physically, emotionally, and financially·Hiring a home nurse for additional help·Arranging for services (such as visiting nurses) and special equipment (like ahospital bed or bedside commode)5、·Health insurance·Planning by a professional, such as a hospital discharge plaimer or a social worker·Help from local governmental agencies·Doctor's supervision at home6、·Traditionally, it is only about symptom care.·Recently, it is a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of life for people who are living with potentially fatal diseases.7、·Stopping treatment specifically aimed at curing an illness equals discontinuing all treatment.·Choosing a hospice is a permanent decision.Unit71、·A dying patient·Decision whether to withdraw life-support machines and medication and startcomfort measures·The family's refusal to make any decision or withdraw any treatments2、·The doctor as exclusive decision-maker·The patient as participant with little say in the final choice3、·Respect for the patient, especially the patient s autonomy·Patient-centered care·The patient as decision-maker based on the information provided by the doctor4、·Patients are forced to make decisions they never want to.·Patients, at least a large majority of them, prefer their doctors to make final decisions.·Shifting responsibility of decision-making to patients will bring about more stress to patients and their families, especially when the best option for the patient is uncertain.5、Doctors are very much cautious about committing some kind of ethicaltransgression.6、·Shouldering responsibility together with the patient may be better than havingthe patient make decisions on their own.·Balancing between paternalism and respect for patients autonomy constitutes alarge part of medical practice.Unit81、·Research:An activity to test hypothesis, to permit conclusions to be drawn, and thereby to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge·Practice:Interventions solely to enhance the well-being of an individual patient or client and that have a reasonable expectation of success·Blurred distinction:? Cooccurrence of research and practice like in research designed to evaluate a therapy? Notable departures from standard practice being called “experimental” withl”and “research” carelessly definedthe terms “experimenta2、·Autonomy：Individuals treated as autonomous agents .·Protection:Persons with diminished autonomy entitled to protection·A case in point:Prisoners involved in research3·“Do no harm” as the primary principle·Maximization of possible benefits and minimization of possible harms .·Balance between benefits and potential risks involved in every step of seedingthe benefits4、·“Do no harm” as a fundamental principle of medical ethics·Extension of it to the realm of research by Claude Bernard·Benefits and risks as a set “duet” in both medical practice and research 5、·Unreasonable denial of entitled benefit and unduly imposed burden：Enrolment of patients in new drug trial: Who should be enrolled and who should not?·Equal treatment of equals:Determining factors of equality: age, sex, severity of the condition, financial status, social status6、·Definition:The opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them·Application:? A process rather than signing a written form? Adequate information as the premise? A well-informed decision as the expected result7、·Requirements for consent as entailed by the principle of respect for persons ·Risk/benefit assessment as entailed by the principle of beneficence ·More requirements of fairness as entailed by the principle of justice: ? At the individual level: fairness? At the social level: distinction between classes。
学术英语 医学 Unit 5 Text A 翻译
Unit 5 Text A身体不适能导致疾病吗？健康是身体、心灵和精神的多维体验。
当我们感到不适时，我们的身体平衡会被打乱，疾病就会迅速来袭。
引起失衡缘由多种多样，如持续承受的压力、忍受的痛苦和尝受的各种心酸等。
我们的饮食习惯、解决冲突的方法、驾驭生活的方式都对我们的健康产生影响，不管是积极的还是消极的。
只要我们不是浑浑噩噩、漫无目的地过活，我们对生活和健康就拥有神奇的掌控力。
我们为什么一定要等到健康危机出现以后才去寻求改变？我们可以采取措施来缓解一些身体疾病，一来我们要关注我们的身体，二来我们还要消除那些可能发生在我们日常生活中的各种失调。
对大多数人而言，我们过活得怎样，我们的身体不断地向我们发送积极和消极的信息。
然而，有些人把自己的生活设为“自动驾驶”模式，并不刻意掌控生活。
他们每天疲于奔命，超负荷运转，无暇顾及自己。
如果身体出现任何状况，他们就忍着。
这就是为什么疾病会不期而至。
当我们考虑何为健康时，我们想到的是无疾病及健康，我们常常将健康与有无症状混为一谈。
健康是一种涉及我们生存的每一方面的状态：身体、心理和精神。
为了达到真正的健康，我们应该突破以往的生理及心理极限，这样我们才能感受到更多的平衡和健康。
当我们处于健康状态时，我们充满能量和活力。
健康的人步态矫健，举手投足间可见其心态温情平和。
不适的文化特征我们生活在一个充满困惑的时代。
人心受到蛊惑，受各种歪理邪说的感染，有半真半假的报道、有恐怖骇人的杜撰、还有赤裸无耻的欺骗。
可悲的是，有些谎言其实是一种自欺。
我们受蛊惑，身陷迷茫是因为我们活得浑浑噩噩，被逼得东奔西撞、晕头转向，不再用心于我们的内心真实和身外现实。
任何职业、宗教或社会似乎对此都不能置身度，具有完全的免疫力。
专家和骗子都在争相出招蛊惑人心，彷徨迷茫的幻影充斥着社会和媒体的各个方面。
虚假这种病毒已经传播到地球的每一个角落，并深深根植于我们的思想里, 似乎无人能够完全幸免于这种瘟疾。
【源版】学术英语-医学-Unit-5
Pick a day and make all of your doctor’s appointments
• a screening with the dermatologist • a mammogram if you are a woman • a Pap Smear and check-up with gynecology
≈, approx., c. re. yr info.
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Listening
Suggested answers
Task 1 Watch the video and take notes about the following points. Try to use the note-taking symbols you have learned in Units 4 and 5.
4. ways to get relaxed
3. importance of down time
Stress as a factor in a lot of diseases • catching a cold, developing cancer, heart disease and
even depression
Anything that you enjoy • play with the dog for ten minutes as coming home ritual • reading something such as historical fiction for fifteen
Unit 5 Healthy Living
《学术英语》医学-译文
Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。
虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。
我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。
我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。
有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。
有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。
奥索里奥夫人56岁，是我的病人。
她有点超重。
她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。
她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。
她锻炼不够多，最后一次DEXA骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。
尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。
总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。
以下是整个20分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。
她做了血液化验，这是好事。
血糖好点了。
胆固醇不是很好。
可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。
她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。
我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行30分钟的事。
糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。
我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度DEXA扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。
我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。
也许留到下一次再说吧？她家里的情况怎么样呢？她现在是否有常见的生活压力？亦或她有可能有抑郁症或焦虑症？有没有时间让她做个抑郁问卷调查呢？健康保养：她最后一次乳房X光检查是什么时候做的？子宫颈抹片呢？50岁之后是否做过结肠镜检查？过去10年间她是否注射过破伤风加强疫苗？她是否符合接种肺炎疫苗的条件？奥索里奥夫人打断了我的思路，告诉我过去的几个月里她一直背痛。
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Unit 5 Healthy Living
Listening
Suggested answers
Task 1 Watch the video and take notes about the following points. Try to use the note-taking symbols you have learned in Units 4 and 5.
3. importance of down time
Stress as a factor in a lot of diseases • catching a cold, developing cancer, heart disease and even depression
Anything that you enjoy • play with the dog for ten minutes as coming home ritual • reading something such as historical fiction for fifteen minutes a day
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Listening
Note-taking Symbols
gives, causes, lead to, result in result from rises, increased by falls, decrease to approximately with reference to year information
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Listening
• Note-taking symbols • Suggested answers
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Listening
Note-taking Symbols
at for question, the question is here’s a surprising fact compare with without against @ 4 ? ! cf w/ w/o vs
≈, approx., c. re. yr info.
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Listening
Suggested answers
Task 1 Watch the video and take notes about the following points. Try to use the note-taking symbols you have learned in Units 4 and 5.
1. the half-plate rule Fill half of your plate with fruits and vegetables at every meal • • • • Keeping calories under control Ensuring plenty of fiber, photochemical, vitamins, and minerals in your diet Controlling all your risk factors for diseases like heart disease, cancer Keeping your skin looking wrinkle free and smooth and glowing
2. tips on going to see doctors enough Pick a day and make all of your doctor’s appointments • a screening with the dermatologist • a mammogram if you are a woman • a Pap Smear and check-up with gynecology appointment
学术英语 医学
Academic English for Medicine
Unit 5
Healthy Living
The WHO defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. Accordingly, health is no longer thought of as a state of being disease or illness free or an absence of symptoms. What people should strive for is wellness rather than just being physically sound.. To achieve that, special attention should be paid to not only lifestyles and dietary but also mental activities.
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Listening
Suggested video and take notes about the following points. Try to use the note-taking symbols you have learned in Units 4 and 5.
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Listening
Task 1 Watch the video and take notes about the following points. Try to use the note-taking symbols you have learned in Units 4 and 5.