第六讲(2)定语从句
《定语从句》 讲义
《定语从句》讲义一、什么是定语从句在英语语法中，定语从句是一种非常重要的从句类型。
它是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，在句中充当定语的成分，为所修饰的名词或代词提供更多的信息。
举个简单的例子：“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，它修饰先行词“book”，告诉我们是“哪一本书”有趣。
二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词（关系代词和关系副词）引导。
关系代词主要有：that、which、who、whom、whose 等。
关系副词主要有：when、where、why 等。
比如：“The man who is standing there is my teacher”（站在那里的那个人是我的老师。
）这里的“who”就是关系代词，指代先行词“man”，在从句中作主语。
再比如：“This is the place where we met last time”（这就是我们上次见面的地方。
）这里的“where”是关系副词，指代先行词“place”，在从句中作地点状语。
三、关系词的用法1、关系代词 that 和 whichthat 和 which 在定语从句中都可以指代物，但有些情况下只能用that 不能用 which ：（1）先行词是不定代词 all、much、little、something、everything、anything、nothing 等时。
例如：“All that can be done has been done”（能做的都已经做了。
）（2）先行词被 the only、the very、the same、the last 等修饰时。
例如：“This is the very book that I want”（这正是我想要的那本书。
《定语从句》 讲义
《定语从句》讲义一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一种在英语中非常常见且重要的语法结构。
它在句子中充当定语，用来修饰一个名词或代词，使其含义更加明确和丰富。
简单来说，定语从句就是一个句子，放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，起到描述和限定的作用。
通过定语从句，我们能够更详细、更准确地表达我们想要表达的意思。
比如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“the book”，让我们清楚知道是哪一本书有趣。
二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
常见的关系代词有：that、which、who、whom、whose。
常见的关系副词有：when、where、why。
关系词在定语从句中不仅起到引导的作用，还在从句中充当一定的成分。
例如，在“The man who is standing there is my teacher”这个句子中，“who”是关系代词，在从句“who is standing there”中作主语。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 和 whichthat 和 which 都可以用来指代物，但在一些情况下，只能用 that 不能用 which。
当先行词是不定代词（如 all、anything、nothing 等）、先行词被最高级、序数词修饰、先行词既有人又有物时，通常用 that 而不用 which。
例如：All that glitters is not gold（发光的未必都是金子。
）This is the first book that I have read（这是我读过的第一本书。
）The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned（掉进河里的人和马都淹死了。
《定语从句》 讲义
《定语从句》讲义一、什么是定语从句在英语语法中，定语从句是一种非常重要的句子结构。
简单来说，定语从句就是在一个句子中充当定语成分的从句。
它用来修饰、限定或说明先行词，即被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting （“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the book”）二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
关系代词有：that、which、who、whom、whose 等。
关系副词有：when、where、why 等。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分；关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语。
例如：The man that is standing there is my teacher （that 作主语，指人）The book that I bought is very useful （that 作宾语，指物）2、 which 指物，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语。
例如：The house which was built last year is very beautiful （which 作主语）The pen which you gave me is very nice （which 作宾语）3、 who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
例如：The girl who is singing is my sister （who 作主语）4、 whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。
例如：The man whom I met yesterday is very kind （whom 作宾语）5、 whose 表示“……的”，在定语从句中作定语。
例如：The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard （whose 作定语，修饰“father”）四、关系副词的用法1、 when 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
《定语从句》 讲义
《定语从句》讲义一、什么是定语从句在英语语法中，定语从句是一种非常重要的句子结构。
它是一个充当定语的从句，用来修饰主句中的某个名词或代词，为这个名词或代词提供更多的信息。
举个简单的例子：“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting” （我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
）在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，它修饰前面的名词“book”，告诉我们是哪一本书很有趣。
二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）引导，关系词在从句中充当一定的成分。
关系代词常见的有：that、which、who、whom、whose。
关系副词常见的有：when、where、why。
例如：“The man who is standing there is my teacher” （站在那里的那个人是我的老师。
）在这个句子中，“who”是关系代词，在从句中作主语。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 和 whichthat 和 which 都可以用来指代物，但有些情况下只能用 that 而不能用 which ：（1）当先行词是不定代词 all、much、little、something、everything、anything、nothing 等时，要用 that 。
例如：“All that can be done has been done” （所有能做的都已经做了。
）（2）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，要用 that 。
比如：“This is the first book that I have read” （这是我读的第一本书。
）2、 who 和 whomwho 在定语从句中作主语，whom 作宾语。
例如：“The man who is talking to my father is a teacher” （正在和我父亲说话的那个人是一位老师。
《定语从句》 讲义
《定语从句》讲义一、什么是定语从句在英语语法中，定语从句是一种非常重要的从句类型。
它就像是一个精准的描述工具，能够让我们对名词或代词进行更详细、更丰富的描述。
比如说，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting” （我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，它用来修饰先行词“the book”，让我们更加清楚地知道是哪一本书。
定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，由关系词引导。
关系词在定语从句中充当一定的成分，比如主语、宾语、定语等。
二、定语从句的构成定语从句由先行词、关系词和从句三部分组成。
先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
比如上面例子中的“the book”就是先行词。
关系词则分为关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose 等；常见的关系副词有 when、where、why 等。
从句则是对先行词进行补充说明或限制的部分。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
例如：“The man that is standing there is my teacher” （站在那里的那个人是我的老师。
）这里的“that”在从句中作主语。
2、 which 一般指物，在从句中作主语、宾语。
比如：“The book which I bought is very useful” （我买的那本书非常有用。
）“which”在从句中作宾语。
3、 who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语。
像：“The girl who is singing is my sister” （正在唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹。
）“who”在从句中作主语。
4、 whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。
例如：“The man whom you met yesterday is my father” （你昨天见到的那个人是我父亲。
定语从句经典完整版PPT课件
作定从的原因状语
3. why 指原因,在从句中表示"因为... 原因"=for which
I disappro先ve行th词e为reraesaosnosn_A_D__ he came up with.
A. that B. why C. for which D. / 因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接 词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用
can fly.
A plane is a machine the machine can fly.
A plane is
can fly.
a machine that /which
关系代词实际上是先行词的复 指,that/which代指先行词machine。
第6页/共94页
Think and conclude
(1)
(2)
He gave a reason. people like music for the reason.
=for which =why
他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。
第23页/共94页
3. I he
don't looks
know the unhappy.
reasoBnC____
A. that B. why C. for which D. /
A. who B.作w定hi从ch的C主. 语w/h宾e语re D.
定语从句(完整版)
定语从句定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,whi ch, who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。
关系词常有 3 个作用： 1 ，引导定语从句。
2 ，代替先行词。
3 ，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用 , ⋯⋯的 ?表示。
主要由形容词担任。
此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
（一）限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that 既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。
[eg： this is the book（ which） you want 。
]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anyt hing,everything,nothing, none等不定代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no, little,few,muc h 等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时, 或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时 ,都只能用that4. who 和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格. 它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换 ,表达的意思一样。
定语从句专题讲解课件(共53张PPT)课件
（作主语）
which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略）
This is the card. I’ve just received the card.
This is the card which / that I’ve just received.
The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
分解
作主语
Whom 作定语从句的宾语
01
The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
02
The woman is a teacher.
( )
（作宾语）
( )
1
关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从句:
whom (作宾语)
2
如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who, that (作主语或宾语)
who / that 作主语. (不能省)
a girl who likes red .
I now
定语从句
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
两个句子
两个词
主 句
从句
？
01
I know a girl
02
03
who likes red.
04
Jim reads books
05
which are fun.
06
从句
07
完整的句子是主句
01
The thief has been sent to prison. The police caught the thief last night.
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others, which, of course, made other jealous.
Note : 关系代词 that和which的区别如下：
1）先行词为all 、anything、little、 much 等不定代词时，只能用that。
3. In that class there was a girl whose name was Mary
4. The Exhibition (which) we visited on Sunday
was wonderful.
5. The building (that ）stands on the left is a
2. I can never forget the day __w_h_e_n____ I got the first prize in the competition.
3. The garden of his house has a lawn, __w__h_ic_h___ is very pleasant to sit on in summer.
Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3
Exercise 1
Fill out the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns or adverbs.
1. The old couple _w__h_o_____ live next to us have four grandchildren.
2）先行词前有最高级形容词以及first、last、 every、some、very、next、only等修饰时， 只能用that。
3）which引导的定语从句前可使用逗号，表 示非限定定语从句；that从句则不能。
例句：
1.Matter is anything that has weight and take up space.
whom
Correct the errors in the following sentences.
9. He never hesitates to make such criticisms are considered helpful to others. criticisms 后加as
10. They tried to think of a plan by that they could fulfill their task ahead of time. which
4. The fish are multi-colored, the biggest of __w_h_i_c_h___ is only 2 cm long.
5. There have been complaints about the noise from the people w_h_o_/t_h_a_t ___ live in the flats.
2. The first thing that they should do is to work out their plan.
3. His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.
4. I never met Judy again, which was a pity.
I’d like to see the employee who has put forward the valuable suggestion.
4.你能不能告诉我,为什么拒绝参加他生日聚会的邀请。.
the reason why
Could you tell me the reason why you refused the invitation to his birthday party?
that
2. We received an offer of RMB320 000 for the house, that we accepted.
which
Correct the errors in the following sentences.
3. He has two sisters, neither of who went to university.
Fill out the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns or adverbs.
6. A chat show is a TV program in _w__h_ic_h____ famous people are asked questions about their lives and work.
2.他对国家做出的贡献将永远不会被人们遗忘。
contributions
The contributions (that/which) he has made to the country will never be forgotten.
put forward
3.我想见一见提出这项有价值的建议的员工。
whom 4. The beach is the place which I most like to go in
summer. where
5. He talked cheerfully about the film and the actress who interested him.
that
Correct the errors in the following sentences.
7.他把房子卖了,这让他的妻子很恼火。
He sold the house, which annoyed his wife.
load
8.正在装货的那艘轮船明天离港。
anno y
The ship that/which is being loaded is leaving/sailing tomorrow.
the performance very much.
Exercise 2 Correct the errors in the following sentences.
1. A small amount of money was all which was taken in the robbery.
Exercise 3 Translate the following sentences into English.
1.这就是车祸发生的地点。
traffic/car accident
This is the place where/at which the
traffic/car accident occurred.
6. There was little which could be done for the injured man. that
7. The reason which he rejected our plan is that he had no faith in it. why
8. That is the player on that we all rely.
We know the reason why he was very angry.
3.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
1）限定性定语从句 You can’t answer the question
which he put forward.
2)非限定性定语从句 Helen was much kinder to her
9.我的薪水没有提高,但这并不是我离开的原因。
reason why
I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why I left.
enjoy
10.我相信你做什么饭我都喜欢吃。
I’m sure I’ll enjoy everything that you cook.
museum.
6. Who was the man that just spoke to you?
2.由关系副词when, e, why 所引
导的 定语从句
This is the room where/in which Chairman Mao worked.
I’ll never forget the day when entered the collage ( on which)
as a gift.
5.我昨天买的钢笔将作为礼物寄给你。
The pen, which was bought yesterday,
will be sent to you as a gift.
exact
time
6.我无法告诉你她来桂林的准确时间。
I can’t tell you the exact time when she will be in Guilin.
7. The child __w_h_o_s_e___ parents died in the air crash is living with his aunt now.
8. Tom and his family are going to a French restaurant _w__h_e_re____ they had dinner a week ago. 9. I have explained everything _t_h_a_t_____ I can to you. 10. The audience, most of __w_h_o_m____ were students, enjoyed
1.由关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that引导的定语从句
For example: