定语从句

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定语从句的类型及例子

定语从句的类型及例子

定语从句的类型及例子
定语从句的类型主要有三种:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和同位语从句。

以下每种类型各举一个例子,中英文间隔呈现:
1. 限制性定语从句
中文:这是一本我曾经读过的书。

英文:This is a book that I have ever read.
限制性定语从句通过提供必要的信息来定义或限制先行词(本句中的“书”),如果去掉定语从句,原句的意义将不完整或发生变化。

2. 非限制性定语从句
中文:我的邻居,一个和蔼的老人,经常帮助我。

英文:My neighbor, who is a kind old man, often helps me.
非限制性定语从句对先行词(本句中的“邻居”)提供额外信息,这些信息不是定义性的,如果去掉定语从句,原句的基本意义仍然完整。

3. 同位语从句
中文:我有一个梦想,那就是环游世界。

英文:I have a dream that is to travel around the world.
同位语从句用于解释或说明先行词(本句中的“梦想”)的具体内容,它与先行词在逻辑上是等同的,通常通过“that”引导从句。

这些例子展示了定语从句的不同类型及其在句子中的应用。

通过正确使用定语从句,我们可以更具体、更生动地描述事物和情境。

定语从句

定语从句

4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如:
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.
The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换,因为它在此句中既指人又指物)
在强调句子中,并且以who,which,what开头时。如:
Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了?(此句中,最好不用who来代替that,避免重复)What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了?
当先行词前有序数词时。如:
The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.
桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。(关系代词that在从句中作主语,指物。此句中的that可以用which替换)
Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么呢?(关系代词that在从句中作宾语,指物。此句中的that不能用which替换)
我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书,并且离这儿不远。
当先行词被the last ,the very 和the only修饰时。如:
This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。

(完整版)定语从句详解+例句

(完整版)定语从句详解+例句

Attributive Clause定语从句一、定义定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句。

换句话说,名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。

先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。

关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

1关系代词:在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分2关系副词:在定语从句中担任状语成分关系词3个功能:1. 连接功能(连接先行词与定语从句);2. 担任功能(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语);3. 替代功能(在定语从句中代替先行词)。

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语的是: who, that, which, as宾语的是: who, whom, that, which, as定语的是: whose, which先行词是人时,关系代词是:who, whom, that, as先行词是物时,关系代词是:which, that, whose, as关系副词有:when (先行词为时间), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因)关系副词 = 介词 + which / whom定语从句分为两种:限制性与非限制性。

先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性;有逗号隔开则为非限制性,且一般由which引导。

唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as 引导。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

定语从句详解(很全)

定语从句详解(很全)

定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。

被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which,as。

关系副词有:when,where,why,how。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。

当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。

定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

一、定语从句的翻译许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”,who不能译为“谁”,when不能译为“什么时候”,where不能译为“什么地方”,等等。

首先,我们必须要明白一点,那就是引导定语从句的which,who,when,where,why等是关系词(关系代词或关系副词),而不是疑问词,所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。

前面我们讲到,英语中的定语从句总是后置的,即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后;但在汉语中,定语通常是前置的,也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面,并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。

当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候,一般可以按汉语习惯,将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前,而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。

如:He showed me the article that he had written.他把他写的文章拿给我看。

句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”,其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。

She was not in the train which arrived just now.她不在刚到的那列火车上。

英语所有定语从句大全

英语所有定语从句大全

英语所有定语从句大全什么是定语从句?定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,它通常放在被修饰词之后。

定语从句起到限定和补充被修饰名词或代词的作用。

定语从句的分类定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

1. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是对被修饰词进行限定的从句,如果删除该从句,主句的意思会受到严重影响。

例:The book that is on the table is mine.这本放在桌子上的书是我的。

2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是对被修饰词进行补充说明的从句,如果删除该从句,主句的意思仍然可以完整表达。

例:John, who is a doctor, is my neighbor.约翰是我的邻居,他是个医生。

定语从句的引导词定语从句通常由引导词引导,以下是一些常用的引导词:- 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that- 关系副词:where, when, why关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句用来修饰人或物的名词,以下是各个关系代词的用法和例句:1. who- 用法:修饰人,并在定语从句中作主语。

- 例句:The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。

2. whom- 用法:修饰人,并在定语从句中作宾语。

- 例句:The woman whom I met yesterday is a famous actress. 我昨天遇到的那位女士是一位著名的演员。

3. whose- 用法:修饰人或物,并表示所属关系。

- 例句:The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police. 那个车被盗的男子向警方报案了。

4. which- 用法:修饰物,并在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

- 例句:The book which is on the shelf is very interesting.在书架上的那本书非常有趣。

定语从句归纳

定语从句归纳

定语从句(the attributive clause)一.什么叫定语从句?一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。

二.定语从句的结构及种类1.结构:关系词+主语+谓语+其它2.种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三.关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词:who,whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词:when,where,why四.关系词的功用1.起连接作用,引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语。

五.什么是先行词?被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。

六.关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选who。

The boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选whom.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选whose.This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词,而且关系在句中作定语时,选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选that. 另外,that可以省略。

I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which,它在句中作主语或宾语,which=that6.下列情况下,关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③当先行词被all, some, any修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥time 作先行词,前面有序数词或last修饰时This is the last time that I’ll give you pocket money.⑦尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时。

定语从句讲解(完整版)

定语从句讲解(完整版)

定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构,用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。

在英语中,定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。

下面,我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。

一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。

引导词通常是先行词,即被修饰的名词或代词;关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来;从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。

1. 引导词:先行词通常是名词或代词,它可以是主语、宾语或表语。

例如:The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。

)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

)2. 关系词:关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来。

关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。

例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。

)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

)3. 从句:从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。

从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。

例如:那本书很有趣。

)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

)二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用,即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。

限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后,且不能用逗号与主句隔开。

例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。

英语语法讲解之定语从句

英语语法讲解之定语从句

英语语法讲解之定语从句一、几个基本概念1.定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3.位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。

4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。

﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/which/whom/whose﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why﹙3﹚引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。

﹙4﹚引导词的功能(作用):①连接先行词和定语从句。

②在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。

5.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句Eg.The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导Eg.The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.=I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.=介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在相关动词之后。

例如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.※﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。

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定语从句
练习:_D______ is known to us, he is from China. _C______ is known to us that he is from China. _B______ is known to us is that he is from China.
A. That B. What C. It D. As
2
year. 解析:关系代词在从句中充当主语或宾语
关系副词在从句中充当状语
定语从句
考点2:关系代词内部辨析之which VS that
This is the biggest lab __C____ we have ever built in our university.
A. which
B. what
定语从句
注意2:as的特殊用法 such---as the same--- as的固定搭配
1.He is such a cool man __th_a_t_ no one can talk with him. 2. He is such a cool man _a_s__ no one can talk with.
C. that
D. where
All the apples __C____ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.
A. which
B. /
C. that
D. they
解析:在以下情况只能用that,不能用which: a)先行词既有人,又有物时。 b)先行词为不定代词或被不定代词修饰,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等 c)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时 d)先行词被 the only, the very,the next,the last修饰 e)在there be 句型中
考点3:关系副词=介词+which I can’t forget the place where I took part in the party last year.
where=in which
注意:1.介词后不能用that
定语从句
考点3:the way 做状语用法 I can’t stand the way _____ he talked to me. 解析:the way做先行词充当状语时,引导词用 that,in which
2013-3-1
定语从句
教师事业部
陈钦
定语从句
The girl is standing there.
The girl is my sister.
The girl who is standing there is my sister.
修饰n.或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词 叫做先行词。
,/ 任选其一
考点4:定语从句VS同位语从句 1.The news that he told me is true. 2.The news that he will come here is true. 总结(1)定语从句对名词起修饰作用,同位语从句起解释说明
作用 (2)定语从句无法转换成表语从句。同位语从句则可以 (3)名词性从句的名词是news,information等抽象名词
考点2:关系代词内部辨析之which VS as 1. He is always late for school, __w__hi_c_h makes his teacher angry.
2. __A_S____ we all know, he is always late for school. 解析:关系代词as和which在定语从句中都可以指代先行句。但是which 只能放在句中,而as 一般放在句首,也可在句中意思为“正如”。 注意1:“ ,”后不能用that。
boys. 解析:注意在句子中的成分。
注意:关系代词 VS 人称代词 1.There are 40 students in the class, most of _w_h_o_m_ are boys.
2. There are 40 students in the class, and most of _th_e_m__ are boys. 解析:注意and的连接作用
A. that B. as C. which D. where I can’t forget the place that I visited last year 解析:such---as引导的定语从句 such---that引导的状语从句
看从句是否完整。
定语从句
考点2:关系代词之省略 The radio set __A____ last week has been out of order A. I bought B. I bought it C. which I bought it D. what I bought 解析:关系代词在从句中充当宾语时,可省略
1
2013-3-1
定语从句
考点2:关系代词内部辨析之whose VS of which 1.He has a beautiful house, __w_h_o_s_e windows face south. 2.He has a beautiful house, __o_f w__h_ic_h the windows face south. 解析: 注意定冠词 the
考点2:固定短语不能提前 在固定的短语中不能将介词提前 如:That is the important thing which you should pay attention to.
不能将to提前
定语从句
考点2:加先行词 用正确的关系代词和关系副词填空 1.Is this the school ___th_a_t ___ we visited last year? 2.Is this school __t_h_e_o_n_e_t_h_a_t we visited last year? 解析:转成陈述句
定语从句 考点2:关系代词内部辨析之who VS whom 1.There are 40 students in the class, most of _w_h_o_m_ are
boys. 2.There are 40 students in the class, I think _w_h_o__ are
定语从句的引导词(1)关系代词
(2)关系副词 where,when,why
that which who whom whose as
指人

代或 物
人人
或物物Fra bibliotek成主 主

分或 或
主宾


宾宾

定语从句
定语从句解题方法和技巧: 1. 找先行词 2. 把先行词还原回从句中 3. 是什么,选什么
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