六级级冲刺试题一及答案解析

冲刺试题一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Safety of Food. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 目前食品安全问题屡见不鲜2. 分析产生这些现象可能的原因3. 提出自己解决问题的意见The Safety of Food________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How to Create a Home Library“I cannot live without books,” declared U.S. President Thomas Jefferson to his friend John Adams. Indeed, Jefferson was an obsessive book collector from a young age, amassing (收集) three separate home libraries in his lifetime. The first collection was destroyed when his family home burned down in 1770. When the Library of Congresswas destroyed in the War of 1812, Jefferson sold his second collection of about 6,000 books to the federal library. Jefferson’s librar y was considered the finest in the country, and his collection doubled the holdings of the Library of Congress. Still, Jefferson didn’t let the shelves at Monticello sit empty. By the time he died 11 years later, he had more than 2, 000 volumes in his library.Jefferson’s library might fit your conception of an old-fashioned home library with leather-bound books, wood paneling and uncomfortable furniture. But home libraries can be a dynamic expression of the owner’s pers onality. Creating a home library is a fun way to display your interests while establishing a special space for reading.Home Library OrganizationWhen you started using the public library, you probably learned about Melvil Dewey and his system for ordering libraries. The Dewey Decimal Classification System has ten broad categories for organizing books, including philosophy, religion and the arts. Each category is assigned a number, so for example, when you want a book on modern art, you head to the 700 block. Larger libraries, such as those at universities, tend to use the Library of Congress Classification System because it offers a more specific array of subjects for categorization, adding subjects such as medicine and law for a total of 21 categories.Your home library may or may not be as large as your local public library, but a good system of organization willstill help you find the book you want quickly. You could take a page from Dewey and the Library of Congress and sort books by subject matter. Sections for subjects such as history, technology or fiction might make their retrieval easier.This system also would allow you to highlight a particular passion, such as an extensive collection of World War II history.Here are some other ways to organize a collection.·Alphabetizing by author works well for fiction but not necessarily for nonfiction books of various subjects.·Judging a book by its cover is usually frowned upon, but sorting by color can be aesthetically pleasing to some. Those generally forgetful about the colors of their books might disagree.·After a painful breakup, the main character in Nick Hornby’s book “High Fidelity” organizes his record collection autobiographically in the order he acquired them. A chronological organization might include shelves that track the progress of your life, from beloved childhood reading and college textbooks to parenting books.·To some readers, there are two ways to look at books: read and unread. Prioritizing (区分优先次序) when you might need the book will allow you to keep unread books at the forefront of your collection, as well as books you reach for frequently, such as reference books or favorite novels.Library FurnitureWhile it might be difficult for a book lover to spend money on something other than books, at some point, you will need some bookshelves. Built-in bookshelves can provide floor-to-ceiling storage and space savings. They can be tucked under staircases or other out-of-the-way spaces; however, the y’re not a good choice for renters, and they can represent a big investment in terms of price and installation. Freestanding bookcases are widely available in a variety of sizes, colors and price points. You can also mount hanging bookshelves onto the wall or buy glass cases, which might be preferable if your collection includes antique books that you want to preserve.Sagging poses the main threat to bookshelves. A bookshelf that is 36 inches long should have shelves at least one inch thick. If it’s longer, then it should be thicker so that it won’t droop under the weight. One tip for maximizing space on the shelves is to use adjustable bookshelves, so that very small books don’t take up space that can be better used for taller coffee table books. You can also decorate bookshelves with personal items, such as photographs and souvenirs. Not only will this break up the rows of books visually, it will also give you room to expand as your collection grows.As your bookshelves creep up the wall, you may need a library ladder to reach them. While any step stool or ladder will do, rolling library ladders add an elegant, whimsical (异想天开的) touch. The ladders attach to the shelf on a tracking rod, and the bottom of the ladder has wheels, so that you can move effortlessly from one end of the library to the other.When considering other library furniture, think about how you’ll be using the room. If you’ll be writing and taking notes on your reading, you may want a desk or a lap desk. Desks and bookstands are also helpful for reading those big volumes that are too heavy to hold up comfortably. Overstuffed couches and chairs will beckon guests to spend a few hours reading, but if you fall asleep as soon as you hit the couch, you may need to consider other option, particularly if you’ll be doing scholarly or professional reading.Wherever you’re sitting, it will be hard to enjoy a library if you’re suffering from eyestrain, fatigue and headaches, which can all be brought on by poor lighting. When selecting lighting, look for a lamp that will help you see the smallest text you read. The lamp should be positioned over your shoulder, so that the light is not directly in your eyes. Positioning it this way will also help to minimize glare. Your lamp should be brighter than the rest of the room but not that much brighter. However, all light will eventually damage books, so use it at a minimum.Book CareDo you devour books quickly? You’re not the only one. Some insects love books, but not for a good story. Bookworms are not just those readers that have their nose in a book all the time. The more dangerous kind will tunnel through the book, eat the pages and lay eggs in it.Once you identify an infestation, isolate the affected books. In some cases, you can seal the books in plastic bags and freeze them to kill the insects. Keeping your library free of excess moisture and dust will help to prevent an attack by these insets and vermin (害虫).Controlling moisture and dust doesn’t just keep away the book bugs though. Moisture in the air will also promote the growth of fungus and mold. Mold develops at temperatures greater than 70℉, and with 65 percent relative humidity. Dehumidifiers will suck excess moisture out of the air, moisture that could otherwise lead to loose bindings, stains andmildew. Oppositely, too little humidity can dry out books, so use a humidifier in the drier winter months. Dust is also a magnet for moisture and mildew, so periodically dusting the tops of books will keep them clean.In addition to a humidifier, you also might need a fan to keep the library well ventilated. Books should be stored away from radiators and kept in a room between 60℉ and 70℉. Air conditioners and fans are fine to use to keep the temperature down. Extreme heat will damage books; if heat occurs in a room with low humidity, the fibers in the books will dehydrate, turning the pages brittle. In combination with high humidity, heat creates ideal growing conditions for mold.As we mentioned in the last section, lighting can damage books because it leads to bleaching (漂白), fading and eventual deterioration. Natural lighting is the most dangerous. If your library has windows, draw the blinds or curtains to minimize injury. Limiting the intensity of light and duration of exposure will help to preserve the books.1. During his whole life, U.S. President Thomas Jefferson ______.[A] built three libraries for Congress[B] donated books for three libraries[C] built three separate libraries at his home[D] donated all his collections to the Library of Congress2. Why do university libraries usually use the Library of Congress Classification System?[A] Because it is the base of all other systems.[B] Because it is more efficient than other systems.[C] Because it is a fun way to display one’s interests.[D] Because it categorizes subjects in a more specific way.3. The idea of arranging books by their colors might be disagreed by those who ______.[A] are color-blind[B] tend to judge a book by its content[C] tend to alphabetize books by author works[D] usually cannot remember the colors of the books4. If you rank books according to the frequency they might be reached, yo u’d better keep ______.[A] read and dog-earned books at the most important position[B] reference books or favorite novels at the most important position[C] brand-new and best-colored books at the most important position[D] nonfiction books of various subjects at the most important position5. Those who own collection of antique books might prefer to put the books in ______.[A] glass cases[B] under staircases[C] built-in bookshelves[D] out-of-the-way spaces6. If you are doing scholarly or profession al reading in your library, you’re advised ______.[A] not to hit the couch and chairs[B] not to use a desk or a lap desk[C] not to use overstuffed couches and chairs[D] to select a lamp as bright as possible but no glare7. How do you select proper lighting for your reading in the library?[A] The light should be positioned over your shoulder.[B] The light should be bright enough to read everything in the room.[C] The light should not be brighter than other lights in the room.[D] The light should be with minimal glare and focus on the smallest text.8. To prevent your books from being attacked by bookworms, you should keep your library free of______________________.9. The proper temperature advised for library keepers for storing books is between ______________________.10. To minimize the injury of books in a library with windows, you’d better ______________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.11. [A] She wants the man to stay home all his life.[B] She doesn’t want to keep the man at home.[C] She doesn’t think that the man must lead his own life.[D] She doesn’t want anybody to suggest that the man stay home.12. [A] The weather is still cool so they don’t sell fans.[B] The woman is an exception who won’t be fined.[C] Anyone returning overdue books this week faces no fine.[D] The fine will be deducted from the woman’s credit card13. [A] The woman will go home for dinner.[B] The woman won’t go to the concert.[C] The man and the woman will eat together.[D] Both of them will go home before going to the concert14. [A] He didn’t buy anything while Tommy b ought a lot.[B] He got some medicine for his hurting foot.[C] He twisted his foot and couldn’t go shopping.[D] He bought everything except the storybook15. [A] He approves of the action[B] He feels sorry for those students.[C] He considers the punishment excessive[D] He has no opinion about the action16. [A] He thinks that the speaker won’t show up.[B] He thinks the seminar won’t be open to the public.[C] He thinks that there won’t be enough seats for everybody.[D] He thinks that there might not be any more tickets available.17. [A] The TV set is usually on sale.[B] They have to bargain on the sale.[C] They advertise to sell their TV set.[D] They go to buy a TV set at a bargain price18. [A] Have an interview[B] Relax on the beach.[C] Take an important exam[D] Have a physical examinationQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] How to learn languages well.[B] How to do research on language learning.[C] How to write a book on language learning.[D] How to find out a language learner’s learning style.20. [A] Developing good note-taking skills.[B] Doing some reading every morning.[C] Exposing oneself to the target culture.[D] Drawing up a good language program regularly.21. [A] A realistic goal for learners is to reach a certain level of language proficiency.[B] Learners can achieve native-like pronunciation through intensive study.[C] Learners should communicate with native speakers to gain greater fluency.[D] Teachers need to help learners foster self-esteem and confidence.22. [A] Dr. Adams’ learning style is visual.[B] Dr. Adams’ learning style is auditory.[C] People usually have similar ways to learn languages.[D] Knowing about one’s own learning style is important to language learning.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] Because she hasn’t got ready yet.[B] Because she is waiting for David.[C] Because she is waiting for a taxi to pick her up.[D] Because it is raining very hard and she doesn’t have an umbrella24. [A] See film downtown.[B] Call on the Johnsons.[C] Packing for their holiday.[D] Buy an umbrella since it is raining very hard25. [A] It was left in David’s office.[B] It was left in Kate’s office.[C] It was lost in the train some day.[D] It was left in the JohnsonsSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] She made Teddy feel ashamed.[B] She asked the children to play with Teddy.[C] She changed Teddy’s seat to the front row.[D] She told the class something untrue about herself.27. [A] He often told lies[B] He was good at math.[C] He needed motherly care.[D] He enjoyed playing with others.28. [A] She taught fewer school subjects.[B] She became stricter with her students.[C] She no longer liked her job as a teacher.[D] She cared more about educating students.29. [A] She had kept in touch with him.[B] She had given him encouragement.[C] She had sent him Christmas presents.[D] She had taught him how to judge people.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] Students understand personal finances differently.[B] University tuition fees in England have been rising.[C] Teenagers tend to overestimate their future earnings.[D] The students’ payback ability has become a major issue.31. [A] Learn to manage their finances well.[B] Maintain a positive attitude when facing loans.[C] Benefit a lot from lessons on personal finance.[D] Be too young to be exposed to financial issues.32. [A] Young people should become responsible adults.[B] Financial planning is a required course at college.[C] Teenagers in Britain are heavily burdened with debts.[D] Many British teenagers do not know money matters well.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] They seldom put models on the cover.[B] They no longer put models on the cover.[C] They need not worry about celebrities’ ma rket potential.[D] They judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly.34. [A] That price rather than brand name is more concerned.[B] That producers prefer models to celebrities for achievements.[C] That producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements.[D] That quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned.35. [A] Celebrity and personal style[B] Celebrity and fashion design.[C] Celebrity and market potential[D] Celebrity and clothing industry.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Ninety percent of Americans know that most of their compatriots are overweight, but just 40 percent believe themselves to be too fat. Government (36) _______ show that more than 60 percent of the U.S. population isoverweight, and half is (37) _______, meaning they are at serious risk of health effects from their weight. But the Pew Research Center telephone (38) _______ of more than 2,000 adults finds that many people overestimate how tall they are and (39) _______ how much they weigh — and thus do not rate themselves as overweight, even when they are. The survey finds that most Americans, (40) _______ those who say they are overweight, agree that personal behavior —rather than (41) _______ disposition or marketing by food companies — is the main reason people are overweight. In particular, the public says that a failure to get enough exercise is the most important reason, (42) _______ by a lack of willpower about what to eat. About half of the public also says that the kinds of foods marketed at restaurants and grocery stores are a very important cause, and roughly a third says the same about the effects of genetics and (43) _______. (44) ______________________________________________________________________________________. One in four respondents in the survey say they are currently dieting, and 52 percent say they have dieted at some point in their lives. (45) ______________________________________________________________________________________. Those surveyed agree that maintaining a healthy weight is important. (46) ______________________________________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Motorways are no doubt the safest roads in the country. Mile for mile, vehicle for vehicle you are much less likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary road. On the other hand, motorways have a far better accident record than any other part of our national road system because of the speed and volume of traffic. If you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to occur than in a comparable accident elsewhere on the roads. It is reported that motorway accidents account for some 10% of all injuries outside urban areas.Motorways have no sharp bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights and thus speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 m.p.h, limit is still in force, it is often treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 m.p.h, limit applied in built-up areas in Britain. Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in convoys with perhaps barely ten meters between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups involving maybe hundred vehicles when one vehicle stops for some reason —mechanical failure, driver error and so on —have become all too familiar through pictures in newspapers or on television. How many of these drivers realize that it takes a car about one hundred meters to brake to a stop from 70 m.p.h.? Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete immunity from the variations of the weather. However wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, they plough at ludicrous (滑稽的) speeds oblivious (不以为然的) of police warnings or speed restrictions until their journey comes to a premature conclusion.Perhaps one remedy for this motorway madness would be better driver education. Twenty-eight per cent of the motorcyclists polled for National Motorway Month wanted motorists to receive formal training in motorway driving before being allowed down a slip road. At present, learner drivers are barred from motorways and are thus as far as this kind of driving is concerned, thrown in at the deep end. However much more efficient policing is required of, it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own folly.47. Motorways are seen as the roads that are the safest as well as the most dangerous due to______________.48. With no sharp bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights, speeds on motorways are __________ than on other roads.49. What may the stopping of one vehicle on a motorway for certain reason result in?50. In spite of the terrible weather conditions, motorway drivers tend not to be aware of police warnings or_______________.51. According to the last passage, what measure should be taken to keep driver’s madness in good control?Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Millions of U.S. college students will have to shoulder more of the cost of their education under federal rules imposed late last month through a bureaucratic (官僚政治的) adjustment requiring neither Congressional approval nor public comment of any kind. The changes, only a slight alteration in the formula governing financial aid, are expected to diminish the government’s contribution to higher education by hundreds of millions of dollars, starting in the autumn of 2004. But they will also have a ripple effect across almost every level of financial aid, shrinking the pool of students who qualify for federal awards, tightening access to billions of dollars in state and institutional grants, and heightening the reliance on loans to pay for college.How much more money this may require of students and their parents will vary widely, changing with each family’s set of circumstances. Some families may be expected to pay an extra $100 or less each year, while others may owe well over $1,000 more. While many college administrators characterized the change as a backdoor way to cut education spending, without public discussion, the Department of Education said it was simply executing its responsibilities under federal law.Whether furnished by colleges, states or the federal government, the vast majority of the nation’s $90 billion in financial aid is dictated by a single, intricate equation known as the federal need analysis. Its purpose is to make out how much of a family’s income is truly discretionary (自由支配的), and therefore fair game for covering college expenses. Much like the federal income tax, the formula allows families to deduct some of what they pay in state and local taxes. But, this year, the department significantly reduced that amount, in some cases cutting it in half. On paper, at least, that leaves families with more money left over to pay for college, even though state and local taxes have gone up over the last year, not down. In the 2004 2005 academic year, when the changes first take effect, parents who earn $50,000 a year may be expected to contribute $700 or so beyond what they are already paying, according to an independent analysis conducted by a consulting firm that helps universities set enrollment and aid. Those earning about $25,000 may owe only an extra $165 or less, while families earning $80,000 could be expected to pay an additional $1,100 or more.52. The expression “ripple effect” (Line 6, Para 1) most probably means “_____”.[A] chain reaction[B] cumulative effect[C] immediate response[D] long-lasting impact53. According to the passage, some have criticized the changes because they _____.[A] ignore local and state taxes[B] were not discussed in public[C] are not in accordance with federal law[D] leave many families unable to pay for college54. According to the passage, the rule changes are likely to _____.[A] provide $90 billion in financial aid[B] cost each family an average of $1,000 per year[C] have a ripple effect across federal income taxes[D] lower the amount of financial aid provided by the government55. The purpose of the federal needs analysis is to determine _____.[A] whether a family is on financial aid[B] how much of a family’s income is discretionary[C] whether or not a family is below the poverty line[D] how much families should pay in state and local taxes56. The author’s attitude towards changes in the financial aid to higher education by government is _____.[A] positive [B] indifferent [C] critical [D] neutralPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what the society and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot be gained from society’s present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer’s epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and myth they were to live their lives and organize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, or common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial narcissistic (自我陶醉的) personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modern man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for.” There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of the great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory. But this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth — a vision — about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness — in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.57. In the author’s view, the grea test trouble with the US society lies in the _____.[A] lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social life[B] non-existence of unanimity on the forms the society should take[C] public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms[D] general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected to be58. The author mentioned Homer in Para 1 to exemplify the fact that _____.[A] the present is varying too fast to be caught up easily[B] the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictable[C] the past can help to shape a consensus in the present[D] the past determines social moralities for later generations59. The asocial personality of Americans results from _____.[A] the want of shared myths they possess in life[B] the multiracial constituents of the US society。