高一英语被动语态

高一专题系列一被动语态

●学而时习

语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。

●知识点精讲透析

●考点一主动语态“变性”被动语态

1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：

(1) 将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。

(2) 将动词改为“be+过去分词”，be与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变。

(3) 将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，要变为宾格。如：

They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held（by them）yesterday.

他们昨天开会了。昨天举行了一个会议。

They won’t forgive me. → I won’t be forgiven by them.

他们不会原谅我的。我不会被他们原谅的。

2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：

(1) 主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等，变为被动句时，通常删去“by…”，除非强调原主语。如：

They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。

Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。→ The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。

(2) 含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。

Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack.

(3) 含有宾语+宾语补足语的句子，变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语了；注意：不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，变成被动时要加上to。

I heard Emily sing the song just now. → Emily was heard to sing the song just now. 我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首歌了。

(4) 含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，把宾语从句后置。

We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon.

It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon. 我们决定这项计划必须马上实施。

(5) 双重被动结构: 当某人或物成为两次动作的承受者时，要用双重被动结构。如：

Parents often ask their children to do too much homework.

The children are often asked to do too much homework.

Too much homework is often asked to be done by the children.

●考点二被动语态“基本招式”

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

主：We believe him. 被：He is believed by us.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

主：He bought his children some pens. 被：Some pens were bought for his children by him.

3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

主：Everyone will know the truth soon . 被：The truth will be known by everyone.

4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

主：Mary is making a doll. 被：A doll is being made by Mary.

5. 过去进行时的被动语态构成：was / were + being + 及物动词的过去分词

主：They were carrying the hurt player. 被：The hurt player was being carried by them .

6. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

主：He has received the letter. 被：The letter has been received by him.

7. 过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词

主：They had built ten bridges. 被：Ten bridges had been built by them.

8. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

主：We must keep this in mind. 被：This must be kept in mind.我们必须把这个记在心里。

9. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

主：You are to leave the bag here. 被：The bag is to be left here. 你应把包裹放在这儿。

●考点三被动语态“三十六计”

1. 动词的主动形式表示被动之意

1）某些连系动词，如：look, feel, smell，sound, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + adj./n.构成系表结构。

The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。

Maria proves very patient and warm-hearted. 玛丽亚被证明很耐心、很热心。

2）表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如：lock, shut, close, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, draw, cut, translate, burn, run, ride, begin, end, operate等。

The sentences translate hard. 这些句子很难译。The door won’t shut. 这个门关不上。

3）某些动词用于进行时，其主动形式表被动含义，如：print，cook, fry, hang, build, make等。

The books are printing. 这些书正在印刷中。

2. 不用于被动语态的动词，如happen，cost，take，have（有），own，possess, want (缺乏)。

An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。