文艺复兴英文
英语专业 欧洲文化入门 chapter 5 名词解释 英文版
Renaissance 文艺复兴：The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, which encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures.Constantinople君士坦丁堡：Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantium, which was founded on the site of the ancient city of Byzantium.Lombard 伦巴族人：The term Lombard refers to members of or things related, directly or indirectly, to Lombardy, a region in northern Italy.Justinian Code《查士丁尼法典》：Justinian Code was a coherent body of law that was codified by all Roman laws and it was the preservation and systematization of a large number of existing Roman laws.Iconoclasm 反圣像运动：The Iconoclasm controversy concerned the use of icons as aids to worship. In 726, Emperor Leo Ⅲlaunched it to destroy and forbid icons.Sassanid 桑萨王朝: Sassanid was one of the two major powers divided by west Asua.Zoroastrianism 波斯拜火教: Zoroastrianism is an ancient Iranianreligion and a religious philosophy. It arose in the eastern region of the ancient Persian Empire, and it was the state religion of the Sassanid.Kaaba: K aaba is a sacred black meteorite. Arabs called it “the black stone that fell from the heaven in the days of Adam” and considered it the holiest shrine in the Arabia.Allah: Allah is the supreme deity of Arabs, and he is the creator and the giver of rain, the Arabic word for the only God in Islam.Medina 麦地那：“the city of prophet”Hegira: the migration of Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622 CEQur’an《古兰经》：the holy book of Islam. The word Qur’an means recitation, which Muslims believe to be the revelation from Allah.Ramadan 斋月: Muslims worldwide observe this as a month of fasting. This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam.Islamic Golden Age: an age of discovery and exploration for Arab traders and explorers from the mid-8th to the mid-13thFatalistic belief（宿命化信仰）: believe that nothing would happen unlessthe God actively willed itKnowledge of Truth: it is not just knowledge, rather, it is "epi - gnosis"（from the Internet and can not find a exact definition）Arab numeral system（阿拉伯数字体系）: a system that log with Latin numberArabian Nights（一千零一夜）: also called The Book of One Thousands and One Nights, mostly a compilation of earlier folk tales.Feudalism(封建制度): the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war Charlemagne(查理曼大帝): (also called Charles the Great) the greatest Frankish king who established the vast Carolingian EmpireCarolus Magnus: the Latin version of Charlemagne’s nameVassal（封臣）: a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lordCounty（郡）: distinct similar to the Roman ProvinceCount（伯爵）: the administrator, judge and military leader of the county Clergy(什一税): 10% income taxDark Ages: the two centuries after Carolingian Empire collapsed which Western Europe being attached by non-Christian invadersTribute(贡金)：money that forced to pay to the invaders after being occupiedNormandy(诺曼底): (also called “land of Norse”) the part of the northern Frankish coastal region which under Norseman’s control in 911 Vassalage(采邑制，封臣制): the relationship between a vassal and his lordCrusader(十字军)：a warrior who engages in a holy warTreaty of Verdun(凡尔登条约): a treaty that divided the Carolingian Empire into three parts in 843, signed by Louis the PiousTreaty of Meerssen（莫尔森条约）: a treaty signed in 870 that ended the civil war between the East Franks and the West Franks。
文艺复兴和启蒙运动的中英文介绍
文艺复兴（一）一、概念（Concept）意大利文艺复兴（Italy Renaissance）文艺复兴运动是发生在14—17世纪的欧洲，是正在形成中的资产阶级在复兴希腊罗马古典文化的名义下发起的弘扬资产阶级思想和文化的运动The Renaissance was occurred in 14 - seventeenth Century in Europe, is the emerging bourgeoisie in the revival of Greek classical culture in Rome under the name of initiating promoting bourgeois ideology and cultural movement为什么称这场运动为“文艺复兴”？Why is referring to this movement as " the renaissance "由于新生的资产阶级是借助古代希腊、罗马的文化来反对封建神学的，所以历史上称这场新兴的文化运动为“文艺复兴”。
The new bourgeoisie is have the aid of ancient Greece, the culture of Rome to oppose the feudal theology, so the history that the new cultural movement of the Renaissance " ".二、实质（Solid matter）是一场以古典文化复活为外衣的新文化运动，是当时欧洲社会经济与政治结构变革条件下的产物，是中世纪晚期欧洲世俗文化发展的必然结果，同时，它又反过来进一步加速欧洲社会的进步。
To be a classical culture the resurrection as the coat of the new culture movement, was the European social economy and political structure reform under the conditions of the product, is a late medieval secular European culture and the inevitable result of the development, at the same time, it in turn further acceleration of European society.实质：资产阶级文化的兴起性质：资产阶级性质Properties: bourgeois文艺复兴运动为什么首先开始于意大利？The Renaissance began in Italy why?(1) 资本主义萌芽最早出现在意大利，这是意大利成为文艺复兴发源地的前提条件。
文艺冷僻的英文单词
文艺冷僻的英文单词一、文艺冷僻的英文单词1.小说: novel 小说家: novelist2.散文: essay3.诗歌: poem 诗人: poet4.文艺复兴: Renaissance5.游记: book of travels6.报告文学:reportage7.畅销书: best seller8.选集: anthology9.版: copyright10.版权, 著作权: edition, printing11.精装: deluxe binding12.平装: flat stitching13.线装: smyth sewed14.戏剧: drama 喜剧:comedy 悲剧:tragedy 滑稽剧:farce15.古典文学: classical literature二、唯美有寓意英文单词1.Epoch 历史或生命中的一段时刻2.Somnambulist 梦游症患者3.Ineffable 形容美到难以言喻4.Petrichor 雨下过以后，泥土的香味5.Mellifluous 形容声音甜美6.Serendipity 意外发现有趣、新奇事物的天赋7.Sonorous 形容低沉、浑厚的声音8.Aquiver 形容兴奋到发抖的感受9.Limerence 因为一个人而神魂颠倒的状态10.Hiraeth 对于无法回去或不曾存在的家所产生的乡愁11.Bombinate 发出嗡嗡声响12.Ethereal 形容脱俗的高雅13.Illicit 形容非法、不当14.Nefarious 形容极其凶恶15.Iridescent 形容彩虹般的五颜六色。
文艺复兴作文英文
文艺复兴作文英文英文：The Renaissance was a period of great cultural and intellectual growth that took place in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century. It was characterized by a renewed interest in classical art, literature, and philosophy, as well as a shift towards humanism and individualism.During this time, artists and thinkers began to focus on the individual and the human experience, rather than solely on religious or societal ideals. This led to the development of new forms of art, such as perspective in painting and the use of the sonnet in poetry.One of the most famous figures of the Renaissance was Leonardo da Vinci, who is known for his artistic masterpieces such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, as well as his scientific and engineering inventions.The Renaissance had a profound impact on Western civilization, shaping the way we think about art, science, and the individual. It paved the way for the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution, which built upon the humanistic ideals of the Renaissance.中文：文艺复兴是欧洲14世纪到17世纪的一段文化和知识增长的时期。
文艺复兴【英文】Renaissance
Do Now
What was one of the factors that contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance?
Lesson 2 Objectives
SWBAT discuss what the Renaissance was and where it began.
SWBAT sequence events related to the rise of Italian city-states and their political
development, including Machiavelli’s theory of governing as
described in The Prince.
• Trade and commerce increased • Cities grew larger and wealthier • Newly wealthy merchants and bankers supported the
growth of the arts and learning • The Renaissance was an age of recovery from the disasters
Do Now
Write a definition for the word, ‘rebirth’
Lesson 1 Oactors that contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance
Factors that Contributed to the Beginning of the Renaissance
When did the Renaissance Take Place?
文艺复兴英文介绍
Culture Foundation
（文化基础）
• Italy had many states , and
The new theory system
Develop production
Improve life level
The rising bourgeoisie believed that medieval culture is retrograde , and Greek, Roman classical culture is advanced, they try to revival of classical culture, and the so-called "Renaissance" is actually a unprecedented liberation and creation of knowledge and spirit.
cities are independent or semi-independent .After the 14th century, the city gradually from the Republic to dictatorship. Dictator wanted free of the fetters of religious asceticism, so they protected the artist and the paintings of secular life.
Class foundation
(阶级基础)
文艺复兴英文资料
1RenaissanceThe Renaissance (UK/rɨˈneɪsəns/, US/ˈrɛnɨsɑːns/)[1] is a period in Europe, from the 14th to the 17th century, considered the bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age.The Renaissance's intellectual basis was humanism, derived from the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy, such as that of Protagoras, who said, that "Man is the measure of all things." This new thinking became manifest in art, architecture, politics, science and literature. Early examples were the development of perspective in oil painting and the recycled knowledge of how to make concrete. Although the inventionof metal movable type sped the dissemination of ideas from the later 15th century, the changes of the Renaissance were not uniformly experienced across Europe.As a cultural movement, it encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures, beginning with the 14th century resurgence of learning based on classical sources, which contemporaries credited to Petrarch; the development oflinear perspective and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting; and gradual but widespread educational reform. In politics, the Renaissance contributed to the development of the customs and conventions of diplomacy, and in science to an increased reliance on observation and inductive reasoning. Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions ofsuch polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance man".[2][3]There is a consensus that the Renaissance began in Florence, in the 14thcentury.[4] Various theories have been proposed to account for its origins and characteristics, focusing on a variety of factors including the social and civic peculiarities of Florence at the time; its political structure; the patronage of its dominant family,the Medici;[5][6] and the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy following the Fall of Constantinople at the hands of the Ottoman Turks.[7][8][9] Other major centres were northern Italian city-states such as Venice, Genoa, Bologna, Milan andfinally Rome during the Renaissance Papacy.The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography, and, in line with general scepticism of discrete periodizations, there has been much debate among historians reacting to the 19th-century glorification of the "Renaissance" and individual culture heroes as "Renaissance men", questioning the usefulness of Renaissance as a term andas a historical delineation.[10] The art historian Erwin Panofsky observed of this resistance to the concept of "Renaissance":It is perhaps no accident that the factuality of the Italian Renaissance has been most vigorously questioned by those who are not obliged to take a professional interest in the aesthetic aspects of civilization—historians of economic and social developments, political and religious situations, and, most particularly, natural science—but only exceptionally by students of literature and hardly ever by historians of Art.[11]Some observers have called into question whether the Renaissance was a cultural "advance" from the Middle Ages, instead seeing it as a period of pessimismand nostalgia for classical antiquity,[12] while social and economic historians, especially of the longue durée, have instead focused on the continuity between the two eras[13] which are linked, as Panofsky himself observed, "by a thousand ties".[14]The word Renaissance, literally meaning "Rebirth" in French, first appears in English in the 1830s.[15] The word occurs in Jules Michelet's 1855 work, Histoire de France. The word Renaissance has also been extended to other historical and cultural movements, such as the Carolingian Renaissance and the Renaissance of the 12th century.[16]2RepresentativesAlfred Tennyson, among many others. In addition, the first use of the interlockingthree-line rhyme scheme, or the terza rima, is attributed to him.Dante has been called "the Father of the Italian language".[2] In Italy, Dante is often referred to as il Sommo Poeta("the Supreme Poet") and il Poeta; he, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are also called "the three fountains" or "the three crowns".The Divine Comedy describes Dante's journeythrough Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso)Dante, like most Florentines of his day, was embroiled in the Guelph–Ghibelline conflict. He fought in the Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289), with the Florentine Guelphs against Arezzo Ghibellines; then in 1294 he was among the escorts of Charles Martel of Anjou (grandson of Charles I of Naples, more commonly called Charles of Anjou) while he was in Florence. To further his political career, he became a pharmacist. He did not intend to practice as one, but a law issued in 1295 required nobles aspiring to public office to be enrolled in one of the CorporazionidelleArti e deiMestieri, so Dante obtained admission to the Apothecaries' Guild. This profession was not inappropriate, since at that time books were sold from apothecaries' shops. As a politician he accomplished little, but held various offices over some years in a city rife with political unrest.After defeating the Ghibellines, the Guelphs divided into two factions: the White Guelphs (Guelfi Bianchi)—Dante's party, led by VierideiCerchi—and the Black Guelphs (GuelfiNeri), led by Corso Donati. Although the split was along family lines at first, ideological differences arose based on opposing views of the papal role in Florentine affairs, with the Blacks supporting the Pope and the Whites wanting more freedom from Rome. The Whites took power first and expelled the Blacks. In response, Pope Boniface VIII planned a military occupation of Florence. In 1301, Charles of Valois, brother ofKing Philip IV of France, was expected to visit Florence because the Pope had appointed him peacemaker for Tuscany. But the city's government had treated the Pope's ambassadors badly a few weeks before, seeking independence from papal influence. It was believed that Charles had received other unofficial instructions, so the council sent a delegation to Rome to ascertain the Pope's intentions. Dante was one of the delegates.2. Leonardo da Vinci。
文艺复兴英文单词
文艺复兴英文单词单词：Renaissance1.1 词性：名词1.2 释义：文艺复兴（欧洲 14 至 16 世纪的文化运动、思想解放运动）1.3 英文释义：A period of great cultural and artistic change and development in Europe from the 14th to the 16th century.1.4 相关词汇：rebirth---2 起源与背景2.1 词源：源自法语，由 re-（再次）和 naissance（诞生）组成。
2.2 趣闻：文艺复兴时期产生了众多伟大的艺术家和作品，如达芬奇的《蒙娜丽莎》等，对欧洲乃至全球的文化发展产生了深远影响。
---3 常用搭配与短语3.1 短语：Renaissance art 文艺复兴艺术例句：The Renaissance art is famous for its beauty and detail.翻译：文艺复兴艺术以其美丽和细节而闻名。
3.2 短语：Renaissance literature 文艺复兴文学例句：Shakespeare is one of the most important figures in Renaissance literature.翻译：莎士比亚是文艺复兴文学中最重要的人物之一。
---4 实用片段（1） "I'm studying the Renaissance period in history class. It's so fascinating to learn about the great thinkers and artists of that time." said Tom. "Yes, the Renaissance was a time of great innovation and creativity." replied the teacher.翻译：“我在历史课上学习文艺复兴时期。
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指 导 思 想（Guiding thought）
人文主义： Humanism
代 表 人 物On behalf of
一·达· 芬奇（Da Vinci）
The Last Supper Mona Lisa
二.米开朗基罗（Michelangelo）
摩西（Moses）
《最后的审判》 （The Last Judgement）
伽利略在比萨斜塔上做了 “两个铁球同时着地”的实 验，得出了重量不同的两个 铁球同时下落的结论。
The Renaissance would bring what influence?
文艺复兴会给社会带来什么影响？
1、冲破了封建神学，解放了人们的思想。 1、 Broke the feudal theology, liberation of the th ought of people. 2、文艺复兴运动推动了自然科
《西斯廷圣母》 （Sistine Madonna）
《圣母的婚礼》
四.但丁（Dante）
《神曲》 （Commedia,Divine Comedy）
五. 莎士比亚（Shakespeare）
《哈姆雷特（Hamlet）》
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 （Romeo and Juliet）
文艺复兴
意大利文艺复兴 （Italy Renaissance）
文艺复兴运动是发生在14—17世纪的欧洲，是正在 形成中的资产阶级在复兴希腊罗马古典文化的名义 下发起的弘扬资产阶级思想和文化的运动 The Renaissance was occurred in 14 seventeenth Century in Europe, is the emerging bourg eoisie in the revival of Greek classical culture in Rome under the name of initiating promoting bourgeois ideo logy and cultural movement
2、 The Renaissance movement promotes the de velopment of natural science.
文艺复兴时期的科学 （Renaissance Science）
天文学 哥白尼（发展哥白尼学说，认为太阳也不是 中心，宇宙是无限的。）
物理学 伽利略从实验中总结出自由落体定律、惯 性定律和伽利略相对性原理等。从而推翻 了亚里士多德物理学的许多臆断，奠定了 经典力学的基础，反驳了托勒密的地心体 系，有力地支持了哥白尼的日心学说 。