chapter 3 翻译策略
Chapter3习语和四字格的翻译
五.借用英语中的同义习语
英语里有一些习语和汉语的一些习语采用相同或相似的形象或比喻，表达相同或相似的喻意，可以借用英语同义习语来翻译。
What is most detestable is that all my colleagues in the bank call me a blind old fool behind my back because I have engaged anuneducatedthirdrater as my assistant.
(1)粗枝大叶
粗枝大叶为联合结构，字面意义是，枝子很粗，叶子很大，很不精细。通常当马虎大意和粗心大意使用。
thick branches and broad leaves;
(in doing things,) do not take due care;
careless or carelessly
(2)闻所未闻
闻所未闻为动宾结构，字面意义是听到了从未听到过的，通常用于指事理或论述的新鲜、奇特。
hearing what has never been heard before;
rarely or seldom heard of
(3)盛气凌人
盛气凌人为主谓结构，字面意义是骄横傲慢以气势压人，通常与不可一世、咄咄逼人等词语同义
（6）她好久不来信了，一家子盼了星星盼月亮。
For many months no letter came from her, till her whole familyworried over her day and night.
Chapter Three
Alexander Tytler (1790)
Three laws of translation: That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same charater with that of the original. That have all the ease of the original composition.
IV The School of Translation Studies
Time: after the 1970s This school is centred round the Dutch speaking area and the low land countries. Representatives: James Holmes Israeli Scholars: Gideon Toury; Even-Zohar Hermans(1985) Andre Lefevere Susan Bassnett
George Steiner
After Babel:Aspects of language and Translation The hermeneutic motion(阐释的运作): Trust（信赖） Aggression（侵入） Incorporation（吸收） Restitution（补偿）
Eugene A. Nida
in the U.S. developed a theory of translation which included concepts from transformational grammar— “formal vs. dynamic equivalence”
商务英语翻译第3章 翻译策略
第一节文化背景BrainstormingTranslate the following into Chinese1.I haven’t seen you for donkey’s year.我很久没有见到你了。
2.Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分。
3.Seeing is believing.耳听为虚，眼见为实。
4.I wonder if he is a Trojan horse.我不知道他是不是个危险人物。
5.It’s case of January and May.这是老牛吃嫩草。
/ 他们是老夫娶少妻。
Part V Practical trainingTranslate the following English sentences into Chinese1. China benefits a lot from her past 20 year’s open door policy.中国从过去20年的门户开放政策中得到了许多实惠。
2. The return of Hong Kong to China turned over a new leaf in China’s history.香港回归在中国发展史上翻开了崭新的一页。
3. Jack was warned that his job was on the line because of his lack of concentration for his duties.杰克因为干活精力不集中而受到警告，他的工作处在危险的边缘。
4. The president said, “Great minds think alike. So I totally agree with your idea.”主席说：“真是英雄所见略同啊。
我完全同意你的观点。
”5. The news that the firm was closing down came as a bolt from the blue to the staff. 商行要倒闭的消息对该行职员来说犹如晴天霹雳。
Lesson 3 Chapter 3科技英语翻译
An object at rest has no kinetic energy, its velocity being zero. 静止的物体没有动能，因为它的速度为零。 on a large scale 大规模地 a majority of 大多数的 a wealth of 大量的 as a result 结果，因此
I 名词的翻译
1 直译
In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents. 一个不同寻常的用途是：这个机构使用指纹扫 描器监视居住人员的进出。 A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened. 当含有电感的电路突然断开时，可用电容器消 除火花。
2)音意合译
Magnus moment Einstein equation Doppler effect Curie plot Bessel function radar chain force pump 玛格努斯力矩 爱因斯坦方程 多普勒效应 居里曲线 贝塞尔函数 雷达防线 压力泵
EST- Abbreviations
1 Acronyms
laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation "通过受激发射光扩大"。 radar radio detecting and ranging “无线电探测与定位” sonar sound navigation and ranging “声音导航与测距”，是一种利用声波在水下的传播 特性，通过电声转换和信息处理，完成水下探测和通 讯任务的电子设备。
英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter Three- Idiom Translation
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Chapter Three
Translate another group of sentences to check your progress.
1.They offered me a good job at that company but I hear that the boss is as hard as nails: one little mistake and you're out on the street the next day looking for a new job。 [译文]:他们向我提供那家公司的一个很好的职位，但是我听说他们的老板是个 很难相处的人：只要你犯一个小错，他马上把你一脚踢出公司大门，让你另谋 生路。
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Listen to Doctor Translator
Chapter Three
1. The crafty enemy was ready to launch an attack while holding out the olive branch.
[译文]：那个年轻人对警察说他与这宗盗窃案无关，但警察看了他的汽车行李箱， 将其人赃并获。
[点评]：“caught red-handed ”原指手上沾满鲜血的杀人犯被逮个现行。在例句 中
译为“人赃并获”，也指犯有任何罪行者当场被捉。
4. Better get a hair cut before you go to that job interview tomorrow. You want to put a best foot forward because there are twenty other people after the same job.
英语翻译chapter 3
• Jordan is reported to be the celebrity with whom most American children feel most comfortable, and American adults once placed him fifth on a list of all-time "most respected newsmakers".
• His athleticism and fierce competitiveness frightened his opponents, but his graciousness made him an American and international icon. He is most famous as the face of Nike, the athletics shoe and clothing company whose products he has endorsed for the past decade.
• Jordan quickly became a multi-millionaire, thanks to lucrative product endorsement deals such as his Nike promotion. As his fortune grew he put money back into the community, creating a foundation to fund athletics facilities and other projects for children form the inner city of Chicago, his adopted home.
新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 3 翻译方法教材
• 2. 如果异化译法不能完全达意，或者不能完全通畅，则可 考虑汉语的行文习惯，做出一定的归化处理。 • For example: • To those visitors who come from countries where social relationships develop more slowly during a longer period of time, the American way may seem very frightening, too personal, and rude. • 【译文】在一些国家里，居民的社会关系是要长期慢慢地 培养的，游客习惯了这种情形，一旦到了美国，可能觉得 美国人的方式可怕，过分强调个人，没有礼貌。”
• 3) Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. • 4) All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books. • 5) I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.
科技英语翻译-第3章
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
名词的翻译 一、直译 所谓直译，就是把原文中名词或名词短语本身的含义翻 译出来。如： A power reactor has no need of air, for the heat generated in the uranium pile is the result of unclear fission, not of combustion. 动力反应堆不需要空气，因为在铀堆中产生的热室核裂 变而不是燃烧的结果。 Differentiation can also be expressed in terms of biochemical activities. 分化也可以用生化活动来表达。
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
名词的翻译 三、增译 名词的增译多数是为了使译文更符合汉语的表达方式与习惯。如： Breeding of hummingbirds takes? place in May and June. 蜂鸟生育繁殖的时间是每年的五月和六月。 译文在breeding后增译了“时间”;在in May and June前增译了 “每年”，使整个句子读起来更加通顺，意思表达更准确完整。 A drilled hole can be made accurate and smooth by a? reamer. 钻好的孔可用铰刀加工，使其尺寸精确，表面光滑。 该句在形容词accyrate and smooth前分别增译了名词“尺寸”和 “表面”，译文的意思表达的更明确一些。
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
英译汉教程3_翻译中措辞的选择
Choice of collocative meaning
Some words have the same basic meaning, but differ in collocation. (搭配) eg. mother tongue (acceptable) mother language (unacceptable) a man of sense (acceptable) a man of meaning (unacceptable)
Assignments
Comparison of translated sentences. (P77) Comparison of translated texts. (P85) Translate the sentences. (P84)
Choice of exact meaning
To weigh the meaning before choosing a suitable word for translation （斟酌、权衡词 义） Do not lap up a word or an expression without digesting it （勿囫囵吞枣） Do not extend the meaning beyond its limits （勿引申过度） Do not rigidly adhere to letter or form（勿拘 泥字面
燥乏味。
Translate the following sentences.
1. On display was merchandise attractive in quality and price. 2. They captured fifty enemy soldiers and many weapons. 3. In order to get a large amount of waterpower, we need a large pressure and a large current.
换言之 翻译教程 第三章 笔记
Chapter 3 Equivalence above word level3.1. CollocationWhen we discussed lexical meaning in Chapter 2, we made a brief reference to collocation under presupposed meaning and defined it as:①Semantically arbitrary restriction which do not follow logically from the propositional meaning of a word②To think of collocation in terms of the tendency of certain words to co-occur regularly ina given languageThe patterns of collocation are largely arbitrary and independent of meaning.Differences in collocational patterning among languages are not just a question of using, say,a different verb with a given noun; they can involve totally different ways of portraying an event.3.1.1.Collocational range and collocational markednessRange here refers to the set of collocates, which are typically associated with the word in question.Two main factors can influence the collocational range of an item: (1) its level of specificity;(2) the number of senses it has.It is the collocational patterning of a word that determines its different senses. Either way, it is clear that there is a strong relationship between the number of senses a word has and its collocational range.Collocational ranges are not fixed. Words attract new collocates all the time: they do so naturally, through processes of analogy, or because speakers create unusual collocations on purpose.A marked collocation is an unusual combination of words, one that challenges our expectations as hearers or readers.To sum up, we create new collocations all the time, either by extending an existing range or by deliberately putting together words from different or opposing ranges.3.1.2. Collocation and registerRegister-specific collocations are not simply the set of terms that go with a discipline. They extend far beyond the list of terms that one normally finds in specialized dictionaries and glossaries.3.1.3. Collocational meaningCollocational meaning depends largely on its pattern of collocation and is not something that the word possesses in isolation.3.1.4. Some collocation-related pitfalls and problems in translation3.1.4.1. The engrossing effect of source text patterningConfusing source and target patterns is a pitfall that can easily be avoided once the translator is alerted to the potential influence that the collocational patterning of the source text can have on him or her.A good method of detaching oneself from the source text is to put draft translation aside fora few hours.3.1.4.2. Misinterpreting the meaning of a source-language collocation3.1.4.3. The tension between accuracy and naturalness3.1.4.4. Culture-specific collocations3.1.4.5. Marked collocation in the source text3.2. Idioms and fixed expressions3.2.1. Idioms, fixed expressions and the direction of translation"N ative knowledge" is defined as the ability to speak and write a language so fluently that the expression of thought is structurally, grammatically and idiomatically correct.The main problem that idiomatic and fixed expressions pose in translation relates to two main areas:①The ability to recognize and interpret an idiom correctly②The difficulties involved in rendering the various aspects of meaning that an idiom or a fixed expression conveys into the target language.3.2.2. The interpretation of idioms①Some idioms are misleading; they seem transparent because they offer a reasonable literal interpretation and their idiomatic meanings are not necessarily signalled in the surrounding text.②An idiom in the source language may have a very close counterpart in the target language which looks similar on the surface but has a totally or partially different meaning.3.2.3. The translation of idioms: difficultiesAn idiom or a fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language:①Express a given meaning by means of a single word②Express it by means of a transparent fixed expression③Express it by means of an idiomAn idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations or they may not be pragmatically transferable.An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. The very convention of using idioms in written discourse, the contexts in which they can be used, and their frequency of use may be different in the source and target languages.3.2.4. The translation of idioms: strategies3.2.4.1. Using an idiom of similar meaning and formIt is to use an idiom in the target language which conveys roughly the same meaning as that of the source-language idiom and, in addition, consists of equivalent lexical items.3.2.4.2. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form3.2.4.3. T ranslation by paraphrase3.2.4.4. T ranslation by omission。