湖南省长沙市一中高三第二次月考
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次月考英语试题
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次月考英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解“Unfortunately, 85 percent of what makes us attractive or less to mosquitoes(蚊子) is hardwired in our genetic circuit board,” says Winegard, author of The Mosquito: A Human History of Our Deadliest Predator. Still, there are ways to outsmart summer’s most annoying party crashers, especially if all you want is to enjoy an evening on your patio (露台).Know your blood typeOnly female mosquitoes feed on humans, and for good reason: The proteins in your blood help them grow and mature their eggs. “She’s just being a good mom,” Wineguard says. “People with blood type O are her top of choice. They get bitten twice as much as people with blood type A, with blood type B falling in between.”Stay cool“Mosquitoes hunt by both smell and sight,” Wineguard says. “They can smell the carbon dioxide and see the heat signature of their target.” Avoiding alcohol can keep your body temperature lower— making you harder to find — so consider choosing a cocktail instead.Wear light colorsAvoiding dark clothing can also keep you cooler, but that’s not the only reason it may offer relief. Mosquitoes, like many biting flies, are attracted to darker colors. The thinking behind this is that the animals they typically feed upon are larger, dark-bodied mammals(哺乳动物).Get rid of standing waterEven a glass of drinking water left on the deck can become a breeding ground for mosquito eggs — and mother mosquitoes lay about 100 eggs at a time. “They don’t need very much at all to breed. It can be a backyard toy , like a truck that has a bit of water in it, or a crushed pop can,” says Winegard. If you get rid of it, they’ll go somewhere else to lay their eggs.1．What’s the intention of this text?A．To introduce a new book.B．To offer professional tips.C．To analyze a study of insects.D．To suggest throwing a party.2．Why does a female mosquito feed on human blood?A．To hatch more eggs.B．To raise a large family.C．To identify blood types.D．To fully develop her body.3．What can we learn about mosquitoes according to Winegard?A．They can trace the smell of alcohol.B．They have energy-locating abilities.C．They feed off dark-bodied animals.D．They need abundant water to breed.The Malaysian actress, Michelle Yeoh, 60, shared some wisdom with the American Film Institute’s newest graduating class in a speech as she accepted an honorary doctorate of fine arts at the class of 2022 graduation ceremony.She recalled her early years in the industry. After an injury dashed her dreams of going into ballet, Yeoh bounced back at a gym where several stuntmen(特技替身演员)trained and ended up learning some tricks of the trade from them.“The first thing they taught me what to do was to tuck and roll, then how to fall on my side, and then how to fall on my back. And after a while, it dawned on me that they were teaching me how to fall,” she recalled. “And they said to me, ‘How are you going to go up if you don’t know how to come down?’” “That lesson sticks with me to this day. I had to learn how to fall. Well, you could say I learned it in my bones, literally,” Yeoh added.The actress mentioned jumping off a 20-foot highway overpass for one stunt, in which she over-rotated (旋转), causing her back to fold in half and a stunt went wrong. “I didn’t land properly, but I completed the scene,” she said.“These moments taught me perseverance, courage and humility,” she said. “They also taught me to hone my skills and eventually progress to the point where I was running on rooftops and jumping onto moving trains. I’m not asking you all to do that, okay? What I want to share with you today is that our slips and stumbles(绊跌)are the secrets to our flight. Trust me, that’s part of the deal. Success without failure is called luck. It cannot really be repeated or relied upon. It is from failure that we learn and grow,” Yeoh continued.The Crazy Rich Asians star concluded her speech: “Be courageous, take chances, break barriers, be proud of what makes you unique.” “And most importantly, don’t be afraid to fall, for you are learning to fly,” Yeoh said.4．What can we learn about Michelle Yeoh from the first two paragraphs?A．She was tricked by several stuntmen.B．She was passionate about working out in a gym.C．She won a doctor’s degree in fine arts despite her old age.D．She was terribly defeated by an injury and discouraged in her early years.5．What lesson did Michelle Yeoh learn from the stuntmen?A．God helps those who help themselves.B．Misfortune might be a blessing in disguise.C．Successful people are learning experiences with others.D．The greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.6．What does the underlined word “hone”in paragraph 5 mean?A．Believe.B．Sharpen.C．Restore.D．Dominate. 7．What are the keys to our success according to the text?A．Mistakes and failure.B．Luck and humility.C．Courage and pride.D．Opportunities and skills.“It’s a natural question,”Dr. Holt-Lunstad said the “ideal”number of friends. “Just like we have guidelines and recommendations for the amount of sleep we get and how physically active we are, this is health relevant.” While she and other friendship researchers admit there aren’t many studies that have specifically tackled the question of how many friends people should aim for, those that have been done offer a range.Dr. Degges-white recently conducted a survey of 297 adults, which has not been published or subject to peer review but found that 55 percent of participants believed two to three close friends was ideal, while 31 percent thought four to six was was the goal. But friendship and intimacy are subjective, and there isn’t a widely used scale researchers share to define those concepts across studies. It’s also unclear how social media factors into all of this, as research suggests the size of a person’s online network may not have any meaningful impact on their perceived well-being.While friendship research offers some standards, it may be more useful for most of us to consider if you need more friends. Dr. Marisa Franco recommends starting with a fairly obvious but powerful question: Do I feel lonely? “Also, different people bring out different parts of us. So when you have a larger friend group, you’re able to experience this side of yourself that loves golf, and this side that loves cars,” she added. “If you feel like your identity has sort of shrunk, or you’re not feeling quite like yourself, that might indicate youneed different types of friends.”Of course, making friends in adulthood isn’t always easy. Research shows people struggle with it because they find it difficult to trust new people. For those reasons, it is often easier to start by reawakening old relationships. The amount of time you actually spend with your friends matters, too. Franco suggests that on average, very close friendships tend to take around 200 hours to develop. But spending time with friends you feel ambivalent (情绪复杂的) about — because they’re unreliable, critical, competitive or any of the many reasons people get under our skin — can be bad for your health.8．Which statement would Dr. Holt-Lunstad probably agree with?A．Healthy friendships contribute to quality sleep.B．There have been guidelines for making friends.C．Two to six close friends may be the most ideal.D．Friendships can be crucial factor in well-being.9．How was Dr. Degges-White’s survey?A．It summarized the statistics in previous studies.B．It set standards on the exact number of friends.C．It distinguished between friendship and intimacy.D．It dismissed the influences of social media factors.10．According to Franco, you have to make new friends if _________.A．your friend circle is large enough B．you have a wide range of hobbiesC．your personal identities are restricted D．you lead an unhappy adulthood life 11．What matters in maintaining close friendships according to Franco?A．Quantities of time.B．Meeting frequency.C．Your healthy moods.D．Personalities of friends.Many robots track objects by “sight” as they work with them, but optical (视觉的) sensors can’t take in an item’s entire shape when it’s in the dark or partially blocked from view. Now a new low-cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object’s form — and skillfully handle it based on this information alone.Roboticist, Xiaolong Wang in University of California, San Diego and his team wanted to find out if complex coordination (协调) could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data. The researcher attached 16 contact sensors, each costing about $12, to the palmand fingers of a four -fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate if an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn’t catch much, a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object,” Wang says. In this case, the robot’s task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm.The researchers first connected a large volume of touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects, including ball. Using binary contact information (“touch” or “no touch”) from each sensor, the team built a computer model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably.Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand, which successfully manipulated (操纵) previously unencountered objects such as apples, tomatoes, soup cans and rubber ducks. Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the binary sensor data were so simple; the model didn’t rely on accurate measurements.Digging into what the robot hand perceives, Wang and his colleagues found that it can re-create the entire object’s form from touch data, informing its actions. He and his team are set to present thier handiwork at an international conference called Robotics: Science and Systems.New York University’s Lerrel Pinto, who studies robots’ interactions with the real world, wonders whether the system would become less effective at more complicated tasks including opening a bottle cap. Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements in future work as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. The researchers will also try adding vision to improve touch data for handling complicated shapes.12．What may contribute to the ineffectiveness of the optical sensors?A．Poor visibility.B．Blocked roads.C．Complicated tasks.D．Inaccurate calculation.13．What do paragraphs 3-4 focus on?A．Stimulating the robot fingers to move the items steadily.B．Increasing the precision of touch of the robot hand.C．Comparing the computer world with the real circumstances.D．Testing if touch information can facilitate the formation of the object shape. 14．What is the attitude of Lerrel Pinto towards the system?A．Neutral.B．Suspicious.C．Favorable.D．Pessimistic.15．What is the best title for the text?A．Robotics: Science and SystemB．New Robot Rotates Items SkillfullyC．New Robot Hand Works by Feel, Not SightD．From the Computer Model to the Real Robot Hand二、七选五Which is more important for people, book learning or experience? Some have spent their lives studying and gradually acquiring valuable deep knowledge. They are afraid to start andthe book, make mistakes, and learn from this experience.The debate between book learning and experience has been going on for a long time. There is no clear “right answer” yet, but there is strong evidence that experience gives us important skills that can’t be learned in books.17 Of course, reading the best books on learning gives someone knowledge, but experience gives know-how. It comes from practicing again and again. Professionals can make themselves because they devote their work, practice, and time to obtaining this position instead of managing to read books only. This distinguishes them from all the others.Reading more books about something doesn’t lead to success. You can acquire a lot of knowledge by reading, but there are also ways to accumulate knowledge through experience. Knowledge is theoretical, but experience is distinguished by the fact that you can put into practice what you have learned in a book. 18Book learning to understand a concept is important. But if you can’t understand the application of the concept in real time, the concept is useless. Experience allows you to put the learned concepts into practice. 19 You can’t effectively learn important skills without applying these concepts to real life.Certainly, the experience can lead to failure. But you can also learn from that failure and lead to success. 20 Therefore, experience is your greatest ally(盟友) in professional development if you want to understand the theory behind the concept, become an expert inthis field, keep the technique in mind, and gain valuable insights through failure.A．In contrast, others don’t worry about anything.B．You can learn a lot from books on self-learning.C．Of course, with these concepts, experience is acquired.D．This is valuable knowledge that is not found in any book.E．It is also an opportunity to test and challenge your knowledge.F．Through experience, you can also learn how to interact with people.G．Neither scientists nor doctors have read books only and become experts.三、完形填空Growing up in New Delhi, I saw Barbie as more than just a doll. She was the centralbedroom floor.As much as I loved Barbie, our time together could only last so long. Eventually, I grew 23 that I still played with my Barbie dolls while my middle-school friends had all moved onto more “mature” 24 . Barbie became similar with being a fake, “plastic” girl, whose bright pink clothing 25 my friends and me.By the tender age of 12, my friends and I had become 26 all girlish things, and Barbie topped our list of items to grow out of. Every 27 we took up instead seemed either gender-neutral or traditionally masculine (男子气概). For a 28 period I took up watching football to look cool (say exactly a month).Looking back, I feel like we were missing the point: Barbie was simply a blank canvas upon which to draw our ideas. It was our own 29 that we had come to abuse her for wearing pink clothes and having blond hair. That is why I appreciate the way the Barbie movie is being 30 . The movie 31 and Barbie’s bright pink colors are everywhere — there are 100 or more co-brand products, and you can get everything Barbie-pink from sports facilities to make-up and shoes. In Malibu, there is a pink hotel 32 after Barbie’s pink Dream House.In an interview, the director Gerwig said the team had many meetings just to settle on the correct 33 of pink for the movie — one that was beautiful but “not too fashionable”, she said, “because when I was a little girl, I loved the pinkest, brightest things”,without a hint of the 34 that I and my peers had of Barbie all those years ago, which would have been really important to me as an adolescent girl who often felt 35 in her femininity (女子气质).21．A．theme B．character C．argument D．conflict 22．A．assigned B．gathered C．created D．staged 23．A．embarrassed B．satisfied C．curious D．aware 24．A．peers B．hobbies C．ladies D．companies 25．A．involved B．caught C．offended D．connected 26．A．worried about B．passionate for C．content with D．dismissive of 27．A．appointment B．journey C．recreation D．challenge 28．A．difficult B．contemporary C．brief D．spare 29．A．fault B．memory C．experience D．selection 30．A．marketed B．captured C．illustrated D．filmed 31．A．settings B．promotions C．results D．witnesses 32．A．operated B．managed C．organized D．modeled 33．A．symbol B．design C．image D．shade 34．A．imagination B．judgment C．ignorance D．appreciation 35．A．interrupted B．sympathetic C．unsettled D．familiar四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
湖南省长沙市一中高三上学期第二次月考(英语).doc
湖南省长沙市一中高三上学期第二次月考（英语）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节听力理解每段播放两遍。
各段后有几个小题，各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅题时间。
请根据各段播放内容及相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
听第一段对话，回答第1~3题。
1. What is the woman worried about?A. Being overweight.B. Being too thin.C. Being sick.2. Wh at is the man’s attitude towards the magazine ads of weight-losing diets?A. Disbelieving.B. Confident.C. Interested.3. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The woman actually doesn’t mind being overweight.B. The man suggests the woman lose weight by exercise.C. The man doesn’t think the woman is overweight at all.听第二段对话，回答4~6题。
4. When will the performance start?A. At 1:00 p. m.B. At 2:00 p. m.C. At 3:00 p. m.5. Where will the two speakers go after the conversation?A. To an opera fan club.B. To a theater.C. To a museum.6. What can we learn from the conversation?A. They are late for the exhibition in the museum.B. They are foreign members of an opera fan club.C. All the opera costumes on show are handmade.听第三段独白，回答第7~9题。
湖南省长沙市望城区第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第二次月考化学试题(无答案)
望城一中2025届高三第二次月考试卷化学（本试卷共8页，19题，全卷满分：100分，考试用时：75分钟）注意事项：1．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
2．考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
3．卷面分5分，实行扣分制。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H1 C12 N14 O16 Si28 C135.5 Na23 Ti48 Cu64一、选择题（本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
）1．中国书画是世界艺术瑰宝，古人所用文房四宝制作的过程中发生氧化还原反应的是（）A ．竹管、动物尾毫→湖笔B ．松木→油烟→微量C ．楮树皮→纸浆纤维→宣纸D ．端石→端砚2．下列化学用语的表达错误的是（ ）A ．乙醇的核磁共振氢谱：B ．2-甲基丁烷的球棍模型：C ．的电子式：D 、电子云轮廓图：3．下列关于和的说法中，错误的是（）A ．两种物质的溶液中，所含微粒的种类相同B ．可用NaOH 溶液使转化为C ．利用二者热稳定性差异，可从它们的固体混合物中除去D ．室温下，二者饱和溶液的pH 差约为4，主要是因为它们的溶解度差异4．设为阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是（）A ．1 mol 晶体中含有的共价键数目为B ．和混合气体2.24 L （标准状况）完全燃烧、则消耗分子数目为2CaCl 2::Cl C :C l :a --+⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦gg gg gg gg 2p z 23Na CO 3NaHCO 3NaHCO 3NaHCO 3NaHCO A N 4NH F A3N 4CH 24C H 2O A 0.25NC ．向100 mL 0.10 mol·L 溶液中加入足量Cu 粉充分反应，转移电子数目为D ．0.1 mol 与足量充分反应生成的分子数目为5．“结构决定性质”是化学学科的核心观念。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考卷(二)语文(含答案)
长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（二）语文得分：_____________ 本试卷共10页，时量150分钟，满分150分。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一中国诗词讲究含蓄，以淡为美。
而英美诗歌则比较奔放，以感情激越为胜。
另外，中国诗词多以歌颂为主，而英美现代诗歌多以揭露为主。
中国诗人或托物言志，或借景抒情，永远把自己的情感埋藏于诗词之中，我们只有通过“感悟”才可能感觉出其美，最突出的例子莫过于马致远的《天净沙·秋思》。
他几乎没有用一个表达感情的词语，只是把“枯藤”“老树”“昏鸦”简单地排列在一起，寥寥几笔便勾勒出一幅凄凉寂寥的景象，后面两句把几种事物列在一处，却恰如其分地渲染了寂寞、惨淡的气氛，“夕阳西下”更是给整幅画面涂上了一层昏黄的颜色，最后一笔带出“断肠人在天涯”，感觉上前后好像并无直接联系，但感情是连贯的，思路也是连贯的。
一口气读下来，仿佛自己就是诗人所描绘的画中的游子，引起强烈的共鸣。
然而几种事物的并列，虽然没有任何的主观感情，却比再多的语言都要强烈地表达了一种孤寂凄清的感情，这正是中国古典诗歌的魅力所在。
相比之下，英美现代诗歌强调写资本主义社会中畸零人的心理，比较直率地把诗人的所要表达的意思表现出来，直抒胸臆而毫无造作，言尽而意亦尽，回味的空间相对缩小了，但这样比较符合西方人的心理特征、思维特征。
（摘编自吕洋《中西方诗歌比较》）材料二①与中国古典诗歌弱化主体的倾向不同，西方诗歌中的主体差不多总是在场的。
以十四行诗为例，主体总是堂而皇之地出现在诗中，站出来讲话。
这样，西方诗歌就形成了与中国诗歌迥然不同的风格。
②诗歌的风格离不开其文化土壤。
在中国，流行的思想是人与自然的和谐，这种观念的形成与中国人的生活方式和生活环境有关。
早在新石器时代，农业经济就已经建立起来。
几千年来，自给自足的经济稳定繁荣，因此，人们非常依赖自然环境，对自然世界的任何微妙变化都很敏感，他们渴望与自然亲密接触。
湖南省长沙市一中2023——2024学年高三月考试卷(二)语文试卷含答案解析
湖南省长沙市一中2023——2024学年高三月考试卷（二）语文试卷一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题,19分）1. 阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
材料一①今晚，在这里还有一个不在场的在场者，一个巨大的“他者”,它正在威胁着我们，撼动我们的根基，它的名字叫ChatGPT。
它是说人话的，但是它不是人。
当它以自然语言与我们对话时，在我们和它之间横亘着一个根本的、危险的问题：它是谁？它在发出问题等待回答的一秒钟、两秒钟的停顿和空白中它在想什么？在那个空白里，它是在运算，还是在沉吟？运算所求的是一个逻辑的、概率的答案，而沉吟则是一个人与另一个人、一个“我”与另一个“我”之间在不确定性中酝酿着主观决断。
那么，我们怎么能够判定我们面对的是一台“机器”还是另一个“我”呢？现在我们看到的结果是，ChatGPT会写文章。
而大家真正关心的是它会不会成为一个小说家或者诗人。
②AI有一个根本的弱点，那就是它不需要吃饭、不能吃饭。
这硅基的超级智能，它将永生，不要妄想靠拔掉电源去解决它，正如你不能把制止原子弹发射的希望寄托在拔插销上。
这永生的神仙，它的真正问题是，没有生之快乐，也没有生之痛苦。
它就是一个绝对的唯心主义机器，它不需要与世界、与事物、与身体的直接关联。
③上世纪八十年代、九十年代，罗兰·巴特曾经铁口直断：作者死了。
罗兰·巴特把人类的所有书写想象成一个巨大的、无限膨胀的图书馆，这个图书馆在现代已经膨胀为超现实的存在，超出了任何个人的经验和能力。
在罗兰·巴特看来，所有的现代写作者，我们今晚在场的人都在这个图书馆里游荡，我们其实已经远离了图书馆外边的原野、远离了我们的身体，我们在无数前人的梦境、无数前人的语法和修辞中游荡，在无数前人的宏大交响中力图发出微弱的回声，我们是响应者，不是发出声音的人，不再是那个作为创造者的作者，而只是在拣拾碎片，拼凑缝补我们的文本。
或者说，现代写作者是本雅明所说的“拾垃圾者”,本雅明甚至想象，在机械复制时代最恰当的写作就是写一部书，从头到尾由引文构成。
长沙市一中2022-2023学年上学期高三化学第二次月考卷(附答案)
长沙市一中2023届高三月考试卷二时量：75分钟 满分：100分可能用到的相对原子质量：H ～1 C ～12 N ～14 O ～16 Na ～23 S ～32 K ～39 Cu ～64第Ⅰ卷（选择题共46分）一、选择题（本题共10个小题，每小题3分，共30分。
每小题只有一项符合题目要求） 1.下列说法不正确的是（ ） A.镁原子核外有4种能量不同的电子B.在铁制品上镀锌时，铁制品为阴极，锌盐溶液为电镀液C.“一次性保暖贴”内含铁粉、碳、氯化钠，在发热过程中应用的是原电池原理D.利用超分子的自组装特征，可以分离C 60和C 70 2.下列说法正确的是（ ） A.乙烯的电子式：H HH:C:C:HB.基态Fe 3+的价电子的轨道表示式：C.基态Mn 2+的核外电子排布式为1s 22s 2p 63s 23p 63d 54s 2D.Be 原子最外层电子的电子云轮廓图为3.能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式的是（ ）A.明矾溶液中加入足量氢氧化钡溶液一定发生：322434Al 2SO 2Ba3OH Al(OH)2BaSO +-+-+++===↓+↓ B.侯氏制碱法中发生反应：3222342NH 2Na CO H O Na CO 2NH +++++===+C.向pH=0的FeSO 4溶液滴2滴稀NaClO 溶液：232ClO 2Fe 2H 2Fe Cl H O -+++-++===++D.硝酸钡溶液中通入少量二氧化硫可能发生：23242Ba 2NO SO 4H BaSO 2NO 2H O +-++++=++↓== 4.二氧化钛（TiO 2）是一种重要的工业原料，某学习小组由酸性含钛废液（含TiO 2+、Fe 2+、Fe 3+、24SO -）制备TiO 2的主要流程如图，已知H 2TiO 3不溶于水和硫酸。
下列说法正确的是（ ）A.“煅烧”的操作是在坩埚中进行B.“洗涤”时先将沉淀转移至烧杯中再加入洗涤剂C.“结晶”的操作：蒸发结晶，趁热过滤D.“水解90℃”的操作：最好的加热方式为酒精灯直接加热5.设N A 为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
2020届长沙市一中高三第2次月考试卷-英语试卷
9$:;<+=>?#@ABC.DEFGH<IJKLM:N<#@AM
+=OPQ+$RA
0&4.$34534!&$212'&$2
STU$VWXYVWXGI%Z[$\$&]^M "#$ _Z`a&`b
cd`aSeYVWXGHfI!"gLM:Nhi+Ij[$klmT%[$
"1%&'.&)-/=&&@</E4>-1
#1%&'.&.4:/>)9<,*.046->&0.4.,&61
$1%&'.&@/..&746F046*,-*&G),*:<;1
(13+4.,-.+/(46(&-.*&6*/06/549&).
$1">4,0&8-+&/-1 $1D64-+&/-.&0/1
"1$4<<,6@H&461 #1#/,6@&6.,(/1 $1%4?,6@-&(/.+,6@.&/4.1 S()Vyzi+(!"{!#$ !"13+/0/5&/-.+/'&(46.04?/<8&0'&0:',.+7&).+'/-.",0<,6/-
"1"-&841
湖南省长沙一中高三第二次月考数学试卷(理)
长沙一中2009届高三第二次月考 理科数学命题：长沙市一中高三理科数学备课组 时量：120分钟 满分：150分一、选择题（本大题共10个小题，每小题5分，共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选顶中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的） 1．函数y =113x -的值域为（ ）A ．{y | y ≠1}B ．RC ．{y| y ＞0且y ≠1}D ．R+ 【解析】略．选C ．2．已知：cos (πα+)=13-，32π＜α＜2π，则sin (2πα-) = （ ）A ．13B ．C ．D ．【解析】由cos (πα+)=13-可得cos α=13，又∵32π＜α＜2π∴sin α=，而sin (2πα-) = –sin α．∴选C ．3．不等式log2(1 +1x ) ＜1的解集为（ ）A ．{x | x ＞1}B ．{x | x ＜–1或x ＞1}C ．{x | x ＜0或x ＞1}D ．{x | x ＞0} 【解析】由0＜11x +＜2解得x ＞1或x ＜–1．或由排除法．选B ．4．已知f (x) = x2 + (b – 1)x + b2且对任意x 都有f (–x) = f (x)，则f (–4)，f (–3)，f (2)，f (72)中最大的是（ ）A ．f (–3)B ．f (–4)C ．f (2)D ．f (72)【解析】略．选B ．5．在各项均为正数的等比数列{an}中，1，1，则a32 + 2a2a6 + a3a7 = （ ）A ．4B ．6C ．8D ．8 –【解析】由等比数列的性质可知a32 + 2a2a6 + a3a7 = (a3 + a5)2 = 8．故选C ． 6．下列函数中，以π为周期的是（ ）A ．y = | cos2x|B ．y = | cos2x – sin2x + 12| C ．y = tan2x D ．y = cot 2x 【解析】略．选B ．7．已知cot (4π+ x) = 2，则2sin 2cos 1cos2x x x -+的值为（ ）A ．13B ．53-C ．D ．56-【解析】由cot (4π+ x) = 2可得：tanx = –13而2sin 2cos 1cos 2x x x -+=2cos (2sin cos )2cos x x x x -=2tan 1526x -=-．故选D ． 8．已知数列{an}中，a1 = 2，nan+1 = (n + 1)an + 2，n ∈N+，则a11 =（ ）A ．36B ．38C ．40D ．42【解析】由nan+1 = (n + 1)an + 2，(n – 1)an= nan –1+ 2，可知{an}为等差数列．故选D ．9．设A 、B 、C 是△ABC 的三个内角，且，则2sinBcosC – sin (B – C)的值为（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．12【解析】由sinBsinC 可得sinA =12而2sinBcosC – sin (B – C) = sin (B + C) = sinA ．故选D ．10．下列结论：①若A 是B 的必要不充分条件，则B ⌝也是A ⌝的必要不充分条件；②“x ≠2”是“x2≠4”的充分不必要条件；③在△ABC 中“sinA ＞sinB ”是“A ＞B ”的充要条件；④若a 、b 是实数，则“| a + b|=| a | + | b |”的充要条件是“ab ≥0”．其中正确的序号是（ ） A ．①② B ．①③④ C ．①③ D ．②④ 【解析】略．选B ．二、填空题（本大题共5个小题，每小题5分，共25分，把答案填在答卷中对应题号的横线上） 11．在数列{an}中，a1 = 1，且任意的正整数m ，n 都有am+n = am+an ，则a10 = ． 【解析】令m = 1，则an+1 = an + 1．∴a10 = 10．12．函数y = lg (sinx + cosx)的单调递减区间为 ．【解析】略．填[32,244k k ππππ++）且k ∈Z ． 13．若不等式x2 + (a – 3)x + 1≥0对一切x ∈(0，12)都成立，则a 的最小值为 ．【解析】略．填12．14．集合A ={2s + 2t | 0≤s ＜t ≤2且s 、t 都是整数}，则集合A 中所有元素之和为 ． 【解析】略．填14．15a ，x ∈(,22ππ-)的解集非空，则参数a 的取值范围为 ．【解析】令tanx = m ，则m ∈R ，∴原不等式化为a即a 1． ∴a ＜1．三、解答题（本大题共6小题，满分75分，解答应写出文字说明，证明步骤和演算过程） 16．（本小题满分12分）已知f (x) = 3x – m(2≤x ≤4)的反函数的图象经过（1，2） （1）求f –1 (x) ．（2）若g (x) = [f –1 (x)]2 –f –1 (x2)，试求g (x)的最大值和最小值之差．【解析】（1）由f (x) = 3x – m 的反函数的图像过（1，2）知m = 2 ……（2分） ∴f (x) = 3x – 2 ∴f –1 (x) = log3x + 2又∵f (x)的值域为[1，9]，所以f –1 (x) = log3x + 2，（1≤x ≤9） ……（4分） （2）由第（1）问知：g (x) = (log3x + 2)2 – (23log x + 2)= (log3x)2 + 2 log3x + 2 ……（6分）又∵f –1 (x)的定义域为[ 1，9] ∴g (x)的定义域满足21919x x ≤≤⎧⎨≤≤⎩∴g (x)的定义域为1≤x ≤3 ……（8分）而g (x) = (log3x + 1)2 + 1 0≤log3x ≤1 ……（10分） ∴g (x)的最大值与最小值之差为3 ……（12分）17．（本题满分12分）已知：在锐角△ABC 中，sin (A –3π) =25，cosB =13． （i ）求sinA 的值．（ii ）判断sin (C –3π)的正负．【解析】（i ）由sin (A –3π) =25可知0＜A –3π＜6π∴cos (A –3π) =……（3分）∴sinA = sin[(A –3π) +3π] = ……（6分）（ii ）又∵0＜cosB =13＜12 ∴3π＜B ＜2π……（8分）∴23π＜A+B ＜π ∴0＜C ＜3π……（10分）sin (C –3π)＜0……（12分）18．（本小题满分12分）已知数列{an}满足an+1 = an2 + an +λ（λ为常数），且{bn}满足bn =11n a +， Sn 为数列{bn}前n 项的和．（1）若14λ=-时，试证明{lg (an +12)} 为等比数列．（2）若λ= 0时，求证：Sn +11n a +=【解析】（1）当14λ=-时，由an+1 = an2 + an 14-可得：an+1 +12= (an +12)2…………（2分） lg (an+1 +12) = 2 lg (an +12)∴数列{ lg (an +12)}是以12)为首项，以2为公比的等比数列…………（5分） （2）当λ= 0时，an+1 = an2 + an∴11111n n n a a a +=-+ ∴11111n n n n b a a a +==-+…………（8分）∴由裂项相消法易得12231111111111111()()()n n n n n S a a a a a aa a a +++=-+-++-=-=∴11n n S a ++=…………（12分）此时：AA′= 40 t ，PQ = 20 t ，A′P台风的侵袭半径R= 80 + 30 t ……（4分）∴A ′Q2 – R2 = PQ2 + A ′P2 – 2PQ ·A′Pcos ∠A ′PQ – R2 = PQ2 + A ′P2 – 2PQ ·A ′Pcos (θ–∠APA ′) – R2= 400t2 + 30000 + 1600t2– 2×20t ·A ′P [cos θ·40sin tA P θ⋅'] – R2= –180t2 –+ 4800)t + 23600 …… （8分） 又∵0≤t ≤2.5∴+4800)t 的最大值为：180××2.5≈23517∴A ′Q2 – R2 ＞0在t ∈[0，2.5]内恒成立 ……（11分） ∴在客轮回港过程中不会受到台风的袭击 ……（13分） 20．（本小题满分13分） 已知f (x) =sin (x ωϕ+) – cos (x ωϕ+) (0＜ϕ＜π，ω＞0)，若f (–x) = f (x)，f (x) = f (π–x)对任意实数x 都成立．（i ）求f (4π)的值．（ii ）将函数y = f (x)的图象向右移6π个单位后，再将得到的图象上的各点的横坐标伸长到原来的4倍，纵坐标不变得到函数y = g (x)的图象，试求y = g (x)的对称中心。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
20XX-2021年湖南省长沙市一中高三第二次月考化学试卷可能用到的相对原子质量：H：1 C：12 N：14 O：16 Na：23 S：32Cl：35．5K：39 Ca：40Mn：55 Cu：64 Al：27第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共54分）选择题（每小题只有一个正确答案。
每小题3分）：（）1．关于Na2CO3溶液和NaHCO3溶液，下列说法正确的是A．用加热的方法区别两种溶液B．用澄清的石灰水区别两种溶液C．浓度相同时，Na2CO3溶液的pH大 D．浓度相同时，两溶液的pH相等2．下列关于氧化还原反应说法正确的是（）A．肯定有一种元素被氧化，另一种元素被还原B．某元素从化合态变成游离态，该元素一定被还原C．在反应中不一定所有元素的化合价都发生变化D．在氧化还原反应中非金属单质一定是氧化剂3．在5NH4NO3=2HNO3+4N2+9H2O的反应中，发生氧化反应的氮原子与发生还原反应的氮原子的个数之比是（）A．5：8 B．5：4 C．5：3 D．3：54．在一定温度下，向饱和的烧碱溶液中加入一定量的Na2O2，充分反应后，恢复到原来的温度，下列说法中正确的是A．溶液的pH不变，有H2放出B．溶液的pH值增大，有O2放出C．溶液中c（Na+）增大，有O2放出D．溶液中Na+数目减少，有O2放出5．下列反应的离子方程式中正确的是（）A．偏铝酸钠溶液中加入过量盐酸：H+ + AlO2- + H2O === Al（OH）3↓B．铁和稀硫酸反应：2Fe+6H+=2Fe3++3H2↑C．向氯化铝溶液中加入过量的氨水：Al3++3NH3·H2O=A l（O H）3↓+3NH4+D．铜片插入硝酸银溶液中：Cu＋Ag＋=== Cu2＋＋Ag6．下列各组离子中，在溶液中能够大量共存的一组是（）A ．A1O 2—、SO 42—、OH -、K +B ．Al 3＋、Na ＋、OH -、Cl —C ．Fe 3＋、NH 4＋、SO 42—、SCN —D ．OH -、C1—、Na ＋、HCO 3—7．如图，向NaAlO 2溶液中滴入盐酸，生成Al （OH ）3沉淀的曲线正确的是（ ）8．甲、乙、丙、丁分别是Al 2（SO 4）3、FeSO 4、NaOH 、BaCl 2四种物质中的一种，若将丁溶液滴入乙溶液中，有白色沉淀生成，继续滴加则沉淀消失；丁溶液滴入甲溶液中，无明显现象，据此可推断丙物质是（ ）A ．Al 2（SO 4）3B ．NaOHC ．BaCl 2D ．FeSO 49．向明矾溶液里滴加氢氧化钡溶液，当硫酸根离子恰好沉淀完全时，铝元素的存在形式是（ ）A ．一部分为Al （OH ）3沉淀，一部分以Al 3+存在于溶液中B ．一部分为Al （OH ）3沉淀，一部分以AlO 2-形式存在于溶液中C ．全部为Al （OH ）3沉淀D ．几乎全部以AlO 2-形式存在于溶液中10．把一块Al 、Fe 合金放入足量盐酸中，通入足量的Cl 2 ，再加过量NaOH 溶液、过滤，把滤渣充分灼烧，得到固体残留物恰好与原合金质量相等，则合金中Fe 、Al 质量比为（ ）A ．1:1B ．3:1C ．1:4D ．7:311．将a mol 钠和a mol 铝一同投入m g 足量的水中，所得溶液的密度为dg ·3cm -该溶液的质量分数为（ ）A ．%m 46a 82a +B ．%2m46a 8200a + C ．%m 46a 8200a + D ．%m69a 8200a + 12．有一无色溶液，可能含有K +、A13+、Mg 2+、NH 4+、Cl —、SO 42—、HCO 3—、MnO 4—中的几种。
为确定其成分，做如下实验：①取部分溶液，加入适量Na 2O 2固体，产生无色无味的气体和白色沉淀，再加入足量的NaOH 溶液后白色沉淀部分溶解；②另取部分溶液，加入HNO 3酸化的Ba （NO 3）2溶液，有白色沉淀产生。
下列推断正确的（）A．肯定有A13+、Mg2+、NH4+、Cl—B．肯定有A13+、Mg2+、HCO3—C．肯定有K+、HCO3—、MnO4— D．肯定有A13+、Mg2+、SO42—13．为确证碳酸氢钠固体中是否含有碳酸钠，下列实验操作及判断正确的是（）A．观察加热时能否放出气体B．观察滴加盐酸时能否放出气体C．溶于水中，滴加澄清石灰水，观察是否有沉淀生成D．溶于水中，滴加少量氯化钡溶液，观察是否有白色沉淀生成14．世界组织把铝确定为食品污染源之一，应加以控制使用。
下列应用时应加以控制的是（）①制铝合金②制电线③制炊具④明矾净水⑤明矾与苏打制食品膨松剂⑥用氢氧化铝凝胶制胃舒平药片⑦银色漆颜料⑧易拉罐⑨包装糖果和小食品A．③⑤⑧⑨ B．①②⑥⑧⑨C．③⑤⑨D．③④⑤⑥⑧⑨15．将钠、镁、铝各0.3mol分别放入100mL 1mol./L的盐酸中，在同温、同压下产生的气体体积比是（）A．1：2：3 B．6：3：2 C．3：1：1 D．1:1:116．Cu2S与一定浓度的HNO3反应，生成Cu（NO3）2、CuSO4、NO2、NO和H2O，当NO2和NO的物质的量之比为2:1时，实际参加反应的Cu2S与HNO3的物质的量之比为（）A．1:10 B．1:8 C．1:6 D．1:517．把xmLCO2通过足量的Na2O2后再与ymLNO混合。
x与y之和为30mL。
设充分反应后气体的体积缩小为15mL，则x：y为（）①1：1 ②2：1 ③5：4 ④7：5A．只有① B．只有② C．只有③④ D．①②③④18．有10.2克镁和铝的混和粉末溶于4摩尔/升的盐酸500毫升中。
若加入2摩尔/升的氢氧化钠溶液，要使产生的沉淀的质量最大，则需加入的氢氧化钠溶液的体积为（）A．100毫升B．500毫升C．1000毫升 D．1500毫升二、填空题19．（8分）某无色透明溶液与铝反应放出H2，该溶液中可能含有大量的：H+、K+、Mg2+、Cl-、OH-、NO3-、CO32-等离子，试推断：第一种情况：一定有________________离子，可能有_______________________离子。
第二种情况：一定有________________离子，可能有_____________________离子。
20．（10分）将2.5g碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠和氢氧化钠的固体混合物完全溶解于水，制成稀溶液，然后向该溶液中逐滴加入1mol·L－1的盐酸，所加入盐酸的体积与产生CO2的体积（标准状况）关系如下图所示：（1）写出OA段所发生反应的离子方程式、。
（2）当加入35mL盐酸时，产生CO2的体积为mL（标准状况）。
（3）原混合物中NaOH的质量为g,碳酸钠的质量分数为。
21．（6分）混合物A，含有KAl（SO4）2、Al2O3和Fe2O3，在一定条件下可实现下图所示的物质之间的变化：据此判断：（1）固体B所含物质的化学式为。
（2）固体E所含物质的化学式为。
（3）反应①的离子方程式为。
22．（16分）铝镁合金已成为飞机制造、化工生产等行业的重要材料。
研究性学习小组的同学，为测定某含镁3％-5％的铝镁合金（不含其它元素）中镁的质量分数，设计下列两种不同实验方案进行探究。
填写下列空白。
【方案一】〖实验方案〗将铝镁合金与足量NaOH溶液反应，测定剩余固体质量。
实验中发生反应的化学方程式是。
〖实验步骤〗（1）称取5.4g铝镁合金粉末样品，溶于VmL 2.0mol/LNaOH溶液中。
为使其反应完全，则NaOH溶液的体积V≥。
（2）过滤、洗涤、干燥、称量固体。
该步骤中若未洗涤固体，测得镁的质量分数将（填“偏高”、“偏低”或“无影响”）。
【方案二】〖实验方案〗将铝镁合金与足量稀硫酸溶液反应，测定生成气体在通常状况（约20℃，1.01 105Pa）的体积。
〖问题讨论〗（1）同学们拟选用下列实验装置完成实验：①你认为最简易的装置其连接顺序是：A接（）（）接（）（）接（）（填接口字母，可不填满。
）②实验开始时，先打开分液漏斗上口的玻璃塞，再轻轻打开其活塞，一会儿后稀硫酸也不能顺利滴入锥形瓶。
请你帮助分析原因。
③实验结束时，在读取测量实验中生成氢气的体积时，你认为合理的是。
A．待实验装置冷却后再读数B．上下移动量筒F，使其中液面与广口瓶中液面相平C．上下移动量筒G，使其中液面与广口瓶中液面相平D．视线与凹液面的最低点水平读取量筒中水的体积（2）仔细分析实验装置后，同学们经讨论认为以下两点会引起较大误差：稀硫酸滴入锥形瓶中，即使不生成氢气，也会将瓶内空气排出，使所测氢气体积偏大；实验结束时，连接广口瓶和量筒的导管中有少量水存在，使所测氢气体积偏小。
于是他们设计了下图所示的实验装置。
①装置中导管a的作用是。
②实验前后碱式滴定管中液面读数分别为V1mL、V2mL。
则产生氢气的体积为__________mL。
23．（6分）将5.1g镁铝合金溶于60mL 5mol·L-1的H2SO4溶液中，完全溶解后再加入65mL 10.0mol·L-1的NaOH溶液，得到沉淀的质量为9.7g，继续滴加NaOH溶液时沉淀会减少。
（1）当加入mL NaOH溶液时，可使溶液在硫酸中的Mg和Al恰好完全沉淀。
（2）计算合金溶于硫酸时所产生的氢气在标准状况下的体积。