2003年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

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考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The detectives kept a ______ watch of the suspect’s house.A．keenB．completeC．thoroughD．close正确答案：D解析：close a.严密的，密切的。

keen a．热心的，渴望的(on)；敏锐的，敏捷的(of)。

complete a.完全的，完整的。

thorough a.彻底的，完全的。

2．The police searched all the houses but found no______.A．connectionsB．cluesC．relationshipsD．ties正确答案：B解析：clue(to)n.线索，提示。

3．Many skiers ______ around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the evenings.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．padB．packC．squeezeD．cluster正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说“许多滑雪者成群地围在火堆边”。

D项“cluster丛生，成群”符合题意．如：The boys and girls clustered together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs．(孩子们成群地围着营火堆讲着故事唱着歌。

)其他三项“pad加上垫衬；pack包装：squeeze压榨”都不正确。

4．A substance such as sand may be either fine or ______.A．coarseB．courseC．largeD．tough正确答案：A解析：coarse a．粗的，粗糙的；粗劣的；粗俗的。

2003清华大学考博英语真题阅读理解真题及其答案

2003清华大学考博英语真题阅读理解真题及其答案Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves。

There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protest ourselves.The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report:“Science never has all the answers。

南京大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析

南京大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析directions：in the following article，some sentences have been removed.for questions1-5，choose the most suitable one from the list a―g to fit into each of the numbered blank.there are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the gaps.it seems to me there are two aspects to women.there is the demure and the dauntless.men have loved to dwell，in fiction at least，on the demure maiden whose inevitable reply is：oh，yes，if you please，kind sir！the demure maiden，the demure spounse，the demure Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi mother―this is still the ideal.a few maidens，mistresses and mothers are demure.a few pretend to be.but the vast majority are not.and they don‘t pretend to be.we don’t expect a girl skilfully driving her car to be demure，we expect her to be dauntless.what good would demure and maidenly members of parliament be，inevitably responding：oh，yes，if you please，kind sir！―though of course there are masculine members of that kidney.―and a demure telephone girl？or even a demure stenographer？demureness，to be sure，is outwardly becoming，it is an outward mark of femininity，like bobbed hair.but it goes with inward dauntlessness.1）with the two kinds of femininity go two kinds of confidence：there are the women who are cocksure，and the women who are hensure.a really up-to-date woman is a cocksure woman.she doesn‘t have adoubt nor a qualm.she is the modern type.whereas the old-fashioned demure woman was sure as a hen is sure，that is，without knowing anything about it.she went quietly and busily cluciking around，laying the eggs and mothering the chickens in a kind of anxious dream that still was full of sureness.but not mental sureness.her sureness was a physical condition，very soothing，but a condition out of which she could easily be startled or frightened.it is quite amusing to see the two kinds of sureness in chickens. the cockerel is，naturally，cocksure.he crows because he is certain it is day.，then the hen peeps out from under her wing.he marches to the door of the henhouse and pokes out his lead assertively：ah ha！daylight，of course，just as i said！―and he majestically steps down the chicken ladder towards terra firma，knowing that the hens will step cautiously after him，drawn by his confidence.so after him，cautiously，step the hens.he crows again：ha-ha！here we are！―it is indisputable，and the hens accept it entirely.he marches towards the house.from the house a person ought to appear，scattering corn. why does the person not appear？the cock will see to it.he is cocksure. he gives a loud crow in the doorway，and the person appears.the hens are suitably impressed but immediately devote all their henny consciousness to the scattered corn，pecking absorbedly，while the cock runs and fusses，cocksure that he is responsible for it all.so the day goes on.the cock finds a tit-bit，and loudly calls the hens.they scuffle up in henny surety，and gobble the tit-bit.but when they find a juicy morsel for themselves，they devour it in silence，hensure.unless，of course，there are little chicks，when they most anxiously call the brood.but in her own dim surety，the hen is really much surer than the cock，in a differenty way.she marches off to lay her egg，she secures obstinately the nest she wants，she lays her egg at last，then steps forth again with prancing confidence，and gives that most assured of all sounds，the hensure cackle of a bird who has laid her egg.the cock，who is never so sure about anything as the hen is about the egg she has laid，immediately starts to cackle like the female of his species.he is pining to be hensure，for hensure is so much surer than cocksure.nevertheless，cocksure is boss.when the chickenhawk appears in the sky，loud are the cockerel‘s calls of alarm.then the hens scuffle under the verandah，the cock ruffles his feathers on guard.the hens are numb with fear，they say：alas，there is no health in us！how wonderful to be a cock so bold！―and they huddle，numbed.but their very numbness is hensurety.just as the cock can cackle，however，as if he had laid the egg，so can the hen bird crow.she can more or less assume his cocksurensess.2）it seems to me just the same in the vast human farmyard.only nowadays all the cocks are cackling and pretending to lay eggs，and all the hens are crowing and pretending to call the sun out of bed.3）so the women step forth with a good loud cock-a-doodle-do！the tragedy about cocksure women is that they are more cocky，in their assurance，than the cock himself.they never realize that when the cock gives his loud crow in he morning，he listens acutely afterwards，to hear if some other wretch of a cock dare crow defiance，challenge.to the cock，there is always defiance，challenge，danger and death on the clear air；or the possibility thereof.but alas，when the hen crows，she listens for no defiance or challenge.when she says cock-a-doodle-do！then it is unanswerable. the cock listens for an answer，alert.but the hen knows she is unanswerable.cock-a-dooodle-do！and there it is，take it or leave it！4）it is the tragedy of the modern woman.she becomes cocksurem，she puts all her passion and energy and years of her life into some effort or assertion，without ever listening for the denial which she ought to take into count.she is cocksure，but she is a new all the time.frightened of her own henny self，she rushes to mad lengths about votes，or welfare，or sports，or business：she is marvellous，out-manning the man.but alas，it is all fundamentally disconnected. it is all an attitude，and one day the attitude will become a weird cramp，a pain，and then it will collapse.and when it has collapsed，and she looks at the eggs she has laid，votes，or miles of typewriting，years of business efficiency―suddenly，because she is a hen and not a cock，all she has done will turn into pure nothingness to her.5）[a]if women today are cocksure，men are hensure.men are timid，tremulous，rather soft and submissive，easy in their very henliketremulousness.they only want to be spoken to gently.[b]the girl who has got to make her way in life has got to be dauntless，and if she has a pretty，demure manner with it，then luck girl.she kills two birds with two stones.[c]conventional ideas about women seems pretty much cut and dried in the modern society.[d]and yet she is never so easy，cocksure，as she used to be when she was hensure.cocksure，she is cocksure，but uneasy.hensure，she trembles，but is easy.[e]and it is this that makes the cocksureness of women so dangerous，so devastating.it is really out of scheme，it is not in relation to the rest of things.so we have the tragedy of cocksure women.they find，so often，that instead of having laid an egg，they have laid a vote，or an emply ink-bootle，or some other absolutely unhatchable object，means nothing to them.[f]but the women pointed out the men had not produced anything，and the human race was pretty much starving.[g]suddenly it all falls out of relation to her basic henny self，and she realizes she has lost her life.the lovely henny surety，the hensureness which is the real bliss of every female，has been denied her：she had never had it.having lived her life with such utmost strenuousness and cocksureness，she has missed her life altogether. nothingness！答案及解析1）b.为生计所打拼的女孩子不得不勇敢无畏，如果她举止又温驯娴淑，那么她就是个幸运的女孩子。

2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解【圣才出品】

2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解[听力音频]Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question aboutwhat is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. A shop assistant.B. A physician.C. A pediatrician.D. An ophthalmologist.【答案】D【解析】通过对话中的glasses和vision-chart可知女士是名眼科医师。

南京大学考博英语真题2006-2008年答案

南京大学考博英语真题2006年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AABCC 6-10 CBDDCPart 211-15 BCDDC 16-20 DDCACPart 321-25 ADAAC 26-30 CBDCD31-35 DAAAC 36-40 BBABBSection 241-45. D A C A B 46-50 B A C C C 51-55 C A B A C 56-60 B C B D DTranslationPart A放弃对于获得幸福至关重要，其重要性并不逊于努力。

面对我们可以阻止的不幸，明智的人不会屈服，但对于那些不可避免的甚至是可以避免的事情，若时间和经历要求他们放弃以追求更加重要的东西，他们不会浪费时间和感情而是选择顺从。

很多人常常为鸡毛蒜皮的琐事而大发脾气，并因此浪费了大量原本可以有大用处的大量精力。

在追求真正重要的目标中太过沉溺，导致潜在失败的可能性时时威胁我们的思维，这是不明智的。

工作效率往往和我们所投入的感情并不对称。

事实上，情感偶尔会妨碍效率。

我们在服从命运安排的同时应当竭尽全力。

顺从分两种：其一是源于绝望，其二则源于不可征服的希望……前者坏，后者好。

Part B1.In a populous city, the idea that a man must know his neighbors has been extinct. But it is stilltrue of that in small towns and villages.2.People living as long as each other may have quite different lifestyles. Some go far away andenjoy fantastic scenery while others are incarcerated in a small room and until death does them not know how far-flung the world is.3.The biggest falsehood of humans is they take for that social and political problems are sosimple that they can be judged and solved with practical experience, instead of strict training with scientific methods. Unfortunately, it is quite contrary in the case.4.You can’t get rid of jealousness merely through being successful because there are someone inhistory who are more successful than you. Enjoy the happiness at hand and do what you are supposed to do. Don’t compare what you imagine or even entirely wrong with those who are more lucky than you. Then, you can cast off jealousness.5.So, this is the true spiritual civilization: make the most of human’s brightness and wiseness tofind truth, to control nature, to change matters for human’s use, to relieve human of needless hardships, to liberate human’s spirit from blindness and superstition.南京大学考博英语真题2007年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AAABC 6-10 BCCDAPart 211-15 ABCBA 16-20 CDCAAPart 321-25 CADBA 26-30 BAAACSection 231-34 B D B C 35-38 D A B D 39-42 B C A B 43-46 D D D C 47-50 B A C BTranslationPart A可以肯定的是，今天的人们对于成功的渴望以及其为我们带来的好处绝不亚于过去。

南京大学英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题

南京大学——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题31. When the eye of the hurricane paused over there was a lull in the storm.[ A ] fresh out, burst [ B ] calm interval [ C ]rise in the wind [ D ] freshening,32, The officer indicted the suspect for sabotage.[ A ] allowed [ B ] ordered [ C ] beseeched [ D ] charged33. It was the very position that they scrambled for.[ A ] aspired [ B ] fought [ C ] searched [ D ] longed34. He promised that he would write legibly.[ A ] in accordance with law [ B ] easily to be read[ C ] not in accordance with law [ D ] difficult to be read35. The rock was poised on the edge of the cliff.[ A ] balanced [ B ] dangling [ C ] enhanced [ D ] perpendicular36. He reciprocated by wishing her a pleasant journey.[ A ] cut off [ B ] got back [ C ]] gave in return [ D ] put back37. No remnants of the settlement of Roanoke were found by the next group of colonists.[ A] traces [ B ] survivors [ C ] buildings [ D ] implements38. When the bell rang, the chemistry student jerked her hand.[A] abruptly pulled [ B ] clapped [ C ] gently moved [ D] rubbed39. He is dubious about the success of the plan.[A] ambiguous [ B ] articulate [ C ] indifferent [ D ] doubtful40. In the 197O's, many governments' efforts to curb inflation were unsuccessful.[ A ]resist [ B ] induce [ C ] sustain [ D ] control41. The movie critic said that Airplane, the parody of disaster movies, was hilarious.[ A ] suspensible [ B ] noisily merry [ C ] realistic [ D ] very tragic 42. In spite of medical advances, that disease is usually fatal.[ A ] curable [ B ] painful [ C ] deadly [ D ] disabling43. The sculptor, Lorenzo Ghiberti, blended medieval grace with Renaissance realism.[A] produced [ B ] combined [ C ] invented [ D] discovered44. Pilfering by company employees costs many businesses thousands of dollars each year.[ A ] absent-mindedness [ B ] stealing [ C ] tardiness [ D ] ignorance 45. His special character impeded his ability to speak in front of large groups of people.[ A ] hindered [ B ] halted [ C ] accelerated [ D ] fosteredSection BDirections: Questions 46 -- 60 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.46. The school could no__ building apartments for the staff members. [ A ] run out [ B ] run out of [C] run to ID] run into47. We had to wait some time before the menu was brought to us and our orders___[ A ] taken [ B ] given [ C ] done [ D ] made48. Anthropology can be an subject.[ A ] abstemious [ B ] abstruse [ C ] ambidextrous [ D ] ambience 49. The Chairman of our dramatic society was in the middle of phoning me when we wereIAI cut in {B] cut off ICI cut down ID] cut out50, Accidents and exhaustion may force more than half the cyclists to drop out ~fore reaching theIAI dead line [ B ] end line [C] finish line ID] finishing line51, The well-meaning lady always her opinions into matters of no concern to her.[ A ] obtruded [ B ] intruded [ C J extruded [ D ] protruded52. If you keep getting wrong numbers, your phone could beIAI deceptive [ B ] defective ICI deficient ID] ineffective53. Researchers claim it's all the high-rises in this area that make the on television sets so poor.[ A] station [ B ] reception [ C ] programmed [ D] quality54. The light of day can be seen at about four o'clock.[ A ] incipient [ B ] incisive [ C ] incestuous [ D] incite55. After spending so many days lost in the desert, he was suffering from severe[A] hyper hydration [ B ] hypo hydration [ C ] sub hydration [ D ] dehydration56. Henry Adams Joseph Williams as the Ambassador to Russia.[ A ] supervised [ B ] superseded [ C ] superconductor [ D ] supercharged 57. The highest mountain in New Zealand, Mount Cook, is now 10 feet shorter because some of the__ at its top slid down in 1991.[ A ] land [ B ] soil [C] earth [ D ] dirt58. When Ken studied at Stanford University, he lived the University. [ A ] out of [ B ] apart from IC] distant from [ D ] a long way from 59. On that bitterly cold winter night ,few people walked along the now narrow street.[ A ] deserted [ B ] lonely [ C ] isolated [ D ] neglected60. The Sears Company recently made because of financial troubles. [ A ] cuts [B] demands ICI omissions ID] ordersPart IH STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION (10%)Directions: In questions 61 -- 70, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are markedA, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.61. People lived at the mid-level and mountain slopes experienced the greatest catastrophe when the incessant rain caused a sudden land-slide over the area.62. The course leader requests that all theses are handed in before 5 0 p. m. next Friday.63. The group of spectators was dispersed by the police who was at the scene of the accident within minutes.64. Why don't you try your hand at printing, now that you have retired job.65. Only by this means you can do what is expected of you.66. The committee have decided at its annual meeting that new regulation regarding this phenomenon be imposed as soon as possible.67. No bank keeps enough cash paying all its depositors in full at one time.'68. In his responses to the advertisement, Ed replied that he was looking for a full-time position not part-time one.69. While still a young boy Bizet knew how to play the piano well and as he grew elder, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. 70. The house has been vacant for a year when the new tenant arrived bringing with him several pets.Part IV CLOZE TEST (10 % )Directions: For each blank for questions 71 -- 80 in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given following the passage. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Several regions in the world are subject 71 storms which are so severethat they 72 damage on a tremendous scale. The regions where this 73 are all located on the edges of great oceans. The general term for such severe storms is "cyclone." The term "hurricane" is 74 for storms that occurin the North Atlantic Ocean.Cyclones and hurricanes differ in one curious way- in a cyclone, the wind circulates 75 a clock-wise direction; in a hurricane, the wind direction is counter-clockwise. 76 cyclones mid hurricanes have one ominous similarity. From the point of view of the damage they cause on land and at sea, they areidentical.Australia 77 a number of cyclones every year along its northern coast, which faces Indonesia. The cyclones occur mainly in December and January, the summer months in the southern hemisphere. Usually the Australian cyclones don't cause great damage because Australia's northern territory has vast, empty regions that are virtually unpopulated. There are few coastal cities. When a cyclone does move 78 from the sea, it usually blows itself out without striking any inhabited area or causing extensive damage. However, in 1971 the small city of Townville was 79 devastated by a cyclone. There was public outcry about it. People demanded an adequate warning system. Ever since then, the Meteorological Bureau has regularly issued alarms 80 every serious cyclone.71. IA] to [ B] for [C] of ID] on72. IAI suffer [BI devastate ICI cause ID] make73. [ A] is happened [ B ] happens [ C ] is happening [ D ] will happen74. IAI called [BI named [C] reserved ID] defined75. [A] at [B] under [C] for ID] in76. [ A] But [ B] Therefore [ C] Besides [ D] And77. [ A ] culminates [ B ] undergoes [ C ] undertakes [ D ] experiences78. [ A ] into the land [ B ] inlands [ C ] inland [ D ] through land79. [ A ] slightly [ B ] hardly [ C ] scarcely [ D ] completely80.[A] in spit of [ B] regardless of [C] in front of [DJ in advance of Part V READING COMPREHENSION (20%)Directions: In this section you will read five passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For questions 81 -- 100,you are to choose the one best answer A,B,C or D to each question. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. Passage OneIf you are buying a property in France, whether for a permanent or a holiday home, it is important to open a French bank account. Although it is possible to exist on traveler’s cheques, Eurocheques and cred it cards issued by British banks, the fees for these services can be expensive.The simplest way to pay regular bills, such as electricity, gas or telephone, particularly when you are not in residence, is by direct debit (a sum withdrawn from an account) from your French account.To open a current account, you will need to show your passport and birth certificate and to provide your address in the United Kingdom. You will be issued with a cheque book within weeks of opening the account. In France it is illegal to be overdrawn. All accounts must be operated in credit. However, there are no bank charges.Note that cheques take longer to clear in France than in Britain, and can only be stopped if stolen or lost.The easiest way to transfer money from a British bank account to a French one is by bank transfer: simply provide your British bank with the name, address and number of your French bank account. The procedure takes about a week and costs between 7 and 40 for each transaction, depending on your British bank.Alternatively, you can transfer money via a French bank in London. You can also send a sterling cheque (allow at least 12 days for the cheque to be cleared) ,Eurocheques or traveler’s cheques.Finally, it is a good idea to make a friend of your French bank manager. His help can prove invaluable.81. If you buy a property in France, you can save money by[ A] having a French bank account[ B ] transferring money from Britain[ C ] cashing traveler’s cheques or Eurocheques[ D ] using credit cards issued by British banks82. One advantage French banks have over British banks is that[ A ] you may take out more money than is in the account.[ B ] the interest rates on bank accounts are higher[ C ] cheques are dealt with more rapidly[ D ] you do not have to pay for services83. The swiftest way to send money from England to France is[ A ] to forward an English cheque to your French bank[ B ] to go to a French bank in London[C ] to use a cashier's cheque.[ D ] to arrange a bank transfer.84. The best title for this passage is[ A ] How to Open a French Bank Account[ B ] The Difference between Banking in Britain and France[ C ] The Way to Transfer Money from Britain to France[ D] A Guide to Banking in FrancePassage TwoDoes a drink a day keep heart attacks away? Over the past 20 years, numerous studies have found that moderate alcohol consumption say,one or two beers, glasses of wine or cocktails daily helps to prevent coronary heart disease. Last week a report in the New England Journal of Medicine added strong new evidence in support of that theory. More important, the work provided the first solid indication of how alcohol works to protect the heart.In the study, researchers from Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School compared the drinking habits of 340 men and women who had suffered recent heart attacks with those of healthy people of the same age and sex. The scientists found that people who sip one to three drinks a day are about haft as likely to suffer heart attacks as nondrinkers are. The apparent source of the protection: those who drank 'alcohol had higher blood levels of high-density lipoproteins, the so-called good cholesterol ,which is known to repel heart disease.As evidence has mounted, some doctors have begun recommending a daily drink for patients of heart diseases. But most physicians are not ready to recommend a regular happy hour for everyone. The risks of teetotal ling are nothing compared with the dangers of too much alcohol, including high blood pressure, strokes and liver troubles not to mention violent behavior and traffic accidents. Moreover, some studies suggest that even moderate drinking may increase the incidence of breast and colon cancer, Until there is evidence that the benefits of a daily dose of alcohol outweigh the risks, most people won't be able to take a doctor's prescription to the neighborhood bar or liquor store.85. The medical article quoted in the passage demonstrates[ A ] the way in which alcohol can help the heart[ B ] how a couple of cocktails daily can stop heart problems[ C ] why alcoholic drinks are dangerous to one's health[ D] that reports on the advantages of alcohol were misfounded86. Experiments showed that nondrinkers had[ A ] larger amounts of good cholesterol[ B ] smaller amounts of good cholesterol[ C ] higher blood pressure[ D ] lower blood pressure87. According to the passage, moderate drinking[ A ] is recommended by most doctors for heart patients[ B ] should be allowed on prescription[ C ] is still not medically advisable[ D] is not related to liver problems88. The main theme of this passage is[ A ] the change in recent drinking habits[ B ] the connection between cancer and alcohol[ C ] whether moderate drinkers outlive nondrinkers[ D] whether alcohol may be good for your healthPassage ThreeIn its 16 years, the London Marathon has acquired a pedigree of excellence. That excellence is not just the awesome energy of the best runners and the smoothness of the organization, but also the quality of determination shown by all the competitors, male and female, able-bodied and disabled. When more than 26,000 gather at Greenwich tomorrow morning, only a few will be in the running to win the big prize money. The success of this event is that most of the athletes would be prepared to pay serious money just for the privilege of running the 26 miles 385 yards to The Mall past the most famous urban scenery in the world.The London Marathon has become one of Britain's leading sports events. Since 1981 ,something like 45 million has been raised in individual sponsorship for charities. Tomorrow hundreds and thousands of people will line the route to cheer and to gasp in sympathetic participation. Millions will watch on television. Although they will be excited by the struggle for first place, they will also identify with the ordinary person trying to fulfils his or her physical potential. Many spectators will wonder whether next year they could complete the historic distance. That is how athletic dreams are born.If the London Marathon and the growth in interest in physical fitness have transformed the lives of many adults, it is also important that children should have the opportunity to fulfils their ability in individual competitive sports.Team games should be an essential ingredient of physical education in the national curriculum. However, coexisting with the playing of team games there should be an equal emphasis on the importance of individual competitive sports at all levels in schools.The Government must be careful that in insisting on the value of team games in schools, it does not ignore the value of individual activities, which are practiced throughout the world and form the basis of the Olympic Games. Many of the runners in the London Marathon tomorrow have found courage, fulfillment and fitness through training for the event. These are qualities that schoolchildren can, and should, acquire througha variety of demanding individual activities in physical education.89. In order to enter the Marathon, participants must[ A ] pay an entrance fee[ B ] assemble in one specific area[ C ] be able to run 26 miles,385 yards[ D ] compete for the right to take part90, The main attraction of the Marathon for non-participants is[ A ] the amount of money raised for charity[ B ] the chance to take part the following year[ C ] witnessing the contestants' determination[ D ] a concern with the race's history91. According to the passage, which of the following is true[ A] Individual sports are as important as team games.[ B ] Individual sports are more important than team games.[ C ] Individual sports are less important than team games.[ D ] It is hard to say which is less or more important.92. According to the writer, the Government's policy on physical education[ A ] should not promote team games at all[ B ] upholds the principles of the Olympic Games[ C ] is active in producing successful Marathon participants[ D ] should encourage those qualities pursued by Marathon participants Passage FourOn the track, the form embodies power, each curve and line is molded for speed,For the man at the wheel is the fastest athlete in the world today: Linford Christie, European, Commonwealth and World champion, who has just taken delivery of his new car, the latest version of the Toyota Supra.It is a conspicuously fast car. The result perfectly matches Christie's own character, and shares his inability to compromise when it comes to delivering performance.The Supra, priced a few pence short of 39, 000, is rumored to be capable of 180 mph, but the speed is artificially limited to 155 mph. From a standing start, it can reach 60 mph in under five seconds.The Supra might raise Christie's profile with the police, but if he is pulled over nowadays it is usually by an officer seeking a chat and an autograph rather than anything more official. After an incident in 1988 when he was stopped, he prosecuted the police and won ~ 30, 000 compensation for wrongful arrest.Safety is high on the list of Supra extras, with driver and passenger airbags: antilock braking; electronic traction control to avoid wheel spin; side-impact door beams; and a steering column that collapses to protect the driver in an accident. Then there is the six speed gearbox; cruise control; air-conditioning alarm and immobilizer.Christie ,the British athletics team captain since i990, will enjoy the comfort of the Supra during a hectic few weeks this June and July when he visits Sheffield, Wales, Gateshead, Wrexham, Edinburgh, Crystal Palace, and then Gateshead again, as his season builds towards the Commonwealth Games in August and the World Cup in September. 93. The Supra is a suitable car for Linford Christie because[ A ] it is an expensive model [ B ] it has high standardsICI it helps promote sports ID] it is very safe94. On the subject of speed, the car can travel[ A ] at a maximum of 180 mph [ B ] at the same speed as the previousmodel[ C ] at a maximum of 155 mph [ D ] faster than the previous model 95. Nowadays if Christie is stopped by the police it is[ A ] because he drives very fast [ B ] because he is not a thoughtful driverICI often for informal reasons ID] due to what happened in 198896. According to the writer the Supra's most outstanding feature is its [ A ] six-speed gearbox [ B ] alarm system[ C ] air conditioning [ D] safety featuresPassage FiveCart Van Ands, managing editor of the New York Times, believed in "hard" news, thoroughly and accurately presented. A tireless worker, he often stayed at the office all night. He was there at 1:20 a. m. on April 15,19i2 ,when a distress signal came in from Newfoundland that the pride of Britain's passenger fleet, the Titanic ,was in trouble. The new ship, believed unsinkable, had hit an iceberg and was in somekind, of danger. But was it really serious or just a narrow escape? Had the passengers needed to abandon ship? Van Ands could not tell from the short and confusing message. Although he was generally considered a conservative and cautious man, Van Ands gambled on the unthinkable that the Titanic was sinking.He threw his staff into action; the story was approached from all angles. Some reporters put together lists of famous persons on board; others turned out features about the ship and other important passenger liners; still others did stories on similar sea disasters. In other words, Van Ands and the Times went all the way with the story; they played it big. At other newspapers, editors were more cautious, inserting such words as "rumored" here and there. Van Anda's three-column headline reflected the sureness that has marked the Times throughout its history:NEW LINER HITS ICEBERG;SINKING BY THE BOW AT MIDNIGHT;WOMEN PUT OFF IN LIFEBOATS;LAST WIRELESS 12:27 A. M.Officials of the White Star Line, which owned the Titanic, had been releasing optimistic statements all during the day of April 15 ,and did not confirm Van Anda's story until the evening of April 16. Van Anda's final edition, which went to press about three hours after the Times had received the first brief wireless report, stated flatly that the Titanic had sunk. This was perhaps a great risk on Van Anda's part and his "deductive journalism" may have shocked many, but it remains as one of the great against-a-deadline news coverage feats in all journalism.97. "He was there at 1:20 A. M. on April 15,1912,when a distress signal came in from Newfoundland that the pride of Britain's passenger fleet,the Titanic, was in trouble. "Which of the following statements is true? [ A ] Newfoundland was the pride of Britain's passenger fleet.[ B ] The Titanic was part of Britain's passenger fleet.[ C ] Britain's passenger fleet was in trouble.[D] Newfoundland was in distress.98. "Although he was generally considered a conservative and cautious man, Van Ands gambled on the unthinkable that the Titanic was sinking. "This means that[ A ] Van Anda was thought to be careless[ B ] Van Anda didn't think the Titanic was sinking[ C ] Van Anda took a chance[ D ] Van Anda gambled on the Titanic(更多资料欢迎登录医博园论坛)99. "Van Anda's three-column headline reflected the sureness that has marked the Times throughout its history. "This means that[ A ] the Times has been serf-assured[ B J the Times is thorough[ C ] the history of the Times is reflected in its headlines[ D ] the Times has a distinguished record100. "Officials of the White Star Line, which owned the Titanic ,had been releasing optimistic statements all during the day of April 15 ,and did not confirm Van Anda's story until the evening of April 16." This means that [ A ] the owners of the Titanic did not at first send out accurate reports [ B ] the owners of the Titanic quickly admitted it was sinking[ C ] the owners of the Titanic did not confirm Van Anda's story[ D ] the owners of the Titanic did not think the Titanic would sinkPart VI TRANSLATION (30 %)Section ADirections: Put the following passage into Chinese.Modern science has opened up the path for the progress of production techniques and determined the direction of their development. Many new instruments of production and technological processes first see the light of day in the scientific laboratories. A series of newborn industries have been founded on the basis of newly-emerged disciplines of science and technology. Of course there are, and there will be, manytheoretical research topics with no practical application in plain sight for the time being. However a host of historical facts have proved that once a major breakthrough is scored in theoretical research, it means tremendous progress for production and technology sooner or later. Contemporary natural sciences are being applied to production on an unprecedented scale and at a higher speed than ever before. This has given all fields of material production an entirely new look. In particular, the development of electronic computers and automation technology is raising the degree of automation in production. With the same amount ofmanpower and in the same number of work-hours, people can turn out scores or hundreds of times more products than before. How is it that the social productive forces have made such tremendous advances and how is it that labor productivity has increased by such a big margin7 Mainly through the power of science ,the power of technology.Therefore ,we maintain that the development of modern science and technology has linked science and production even closer together. As part of the productive forces, science and technology are coming to p1ay an even greater role than ever before.。

2003医博统考听力题解析原文

2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30 %)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example. You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Sample AnswerA B DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. A shop assistant. B. A physician. C. A pediatrician. D. An ophthalmologist.2. A. To make a call to the hospital. B. To go to the man’s house immediately.C. To expect the doctor’s call.D. To take a message.3. A. There’s only one point he doesn’t understand.B. He refuses to take any help.C. These q uestions won’t be on the exam.D. He would like some help.4. A. Dr. Smith isn’t a good choice.B. She’s never been treated by Dr. Smith.C. She’s been sitting in the waiting room for too long.D. She’d like to recommend a magazine t o the man.5. A. The man has seen the fungi for three times.B. The man is not careful enough.C. The man has been watching it for three days.D. The man is the woman’s teacher.6. A. He was fired. B. He was blamed for bad service.C. He was promoted.D. He was warned not to be late again.7. A. People enjoy shopping in the drug store.B. People spend little time in the drug store.C. People who spent shorter time in the store are more likely to buy something there.D. People spend too much time reading articles about quick cures sold there.8. A. His computer doesn’t work.B. He doesn’t understand his stuff working on computer.C. He registered for the wrong course.D. He doesn’t know how to apply the computer theories.9. A. It is easy to take care of her three teenage boys.B. Nancy’s life is easy compared with the woman’s.C. Nancy lives a more difficult life.D. Nancy would like to take care of her three boys.10. A. New York. B. San Francisco. C. Seattle. D. San Diego.11. A. Sunny bought a new computer. B. Sunny got a bargain.C. Mike bought a new computer.D. Mike got a bargain.12. A. The patient is ringing a bell. B. Her name sounds beautiful.C. Nancy Johnson is ringing the bell now.D. Her name sounds familiar.13. A. The woman doesn’t like orange juice. B. The woman forgot to buy orange juice.C. The man was in a car crash this morning.D. The man broke the container of juice.14. A. John is a plumber.B. John was too busy to come.C. John was not at home when the woman called.D. The woman dialed the wrong number.15. A. His luck ha sn’t been good. B. He is a lucky man.C. He decided not to do the lottery again.D. He doesn’t care about money.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. Bridge-building experts. B. Washington Roebling.C. John Roebling.D. The Roeblings.17. A. Only the Roeblings had confidence in it.B. It came up against financial problems.C. Experts showed great interest.D. It took John Roeblings 13 years to complete the project.18. A. He was killed at the building site. B. He was injured in a traffic accident.C. He was seriously eyesight-damaged.D. He was seriously brain-damaged.19. A. His language. B. His limbs. C. His brain. D. His mind.20. A. Because the project was spectacular.B. Because the project seemed impossible.C. Because the building instructions were given with one finger.D. All of the above.Passage Two21. A. The American population increased by 40 percent.B. So many school children died of polio in the nation.C. A polio plague swept the nation.D. A polio vaccine was developed.22. A. A vaccine for polio. B. A rare form of cancer.C. A disease similar to AIDS.D. A virus from monkeys.23. A. They were at risk of getting cancer.B. They became victims of poliomyelitis.C. They were involved in a medical investigation.D. They were injected with tainted vaccines.24. A. 30 percent. B. 40 percent. C. 50 percent. D. 60 percent.25. A. All the injections given 40 years ago were contaminated.B. The contaminated vaccines may cause cancer in humans.C. Vaccines are responsible for brain tumors.D. Brain tumors had increased by 40%.Passage Three26. A. 1969. B. 1977. C. 1997. D. 2000.27. A. To help answer parents’ questions about children’s growth.B. To separate fat babies from normal ones.C. To rev ise the familiar children’s growth chart.D. To identify whether a person is overweight.28. A. It can differentiate between fat babies and thin.B. It can identify a child’s possibility of growing fat from babyhood.C. It can give par ents some advice on children’s diet.D. It can remind parents of something they neglected in their childhood.29. A. When his BMI is at 23rd percentile or above.B. When his BMI is at 75th percentile or above.C. When his BMI is at 95th percentile or above.D. When his BMI is at 97th percentile or above.30. A. Setting a good example for their children.B. Disciplining their children.C. Reflecting the nature of modem-day life.D. Changing their children’s hea lth behavior.2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. D 通过对话中的glasses和vision-chart可知女士是名眼科医师。

2003年春季华中科技大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2003年春季华中科技⼤学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】考试科⽬：英语适⽤专业：Part I. Listening comprehension (10%)Directions:In this part you will hear three long talks or passages. Each will be read only once. At the end of each talk or passage, there will be somequestions. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.Question 1 to 4 are based on the talk you’ve just heard.1. A. She wants him to listen to the noise.B. She wants him to examine the machine.C. She wants him to wash the clothes.D. She wants him to repair the machine.2. A. He asks the woman to ignore the noise.B. He asks the woman to let him finish his reading.C. He asks the woman to ring the shop and ask them to repair it.D. He asks the woman to stop washing.3. A. The man from the shop overcharged then for his work.B. The man from the shop charged them two pounds.D. The man from the shop fixed the machine carelessly.Questions 4 to 6 are based on the passage you’re just heard.4. A. Different businesses produce different products.B. Each worker plays a certain role in finishing a certain product.C. The workers are very specialized experts in their field.D. Each worker is only concerned with his own work.5. A. It is easy for the workers to become experts.B. It will reduce the labor.C. It will raise the productivity.D. It will make the workers satisfied with their work.6.A. The division of labor brings about mass production.B. Most workers have no idea how the production is operated on the whole.C. Workers seem to be unable to get a sense of satisfaction from working.D. Working on one small duty day after day is dull.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the passage you’ve just heard.7. A. We will not have enough food to eat.B. All the oil that drives our car will be used up.C. The earth will become ice crowded.D. There will be little water left on Earth.8. A. Venus is too hot.B. There is no water there.D. It is lacking in carbon dioxide.9. A. A large amount of carbon.B. Heavy rain.C. The proper temperature.D. Enough water.10. A. The way to ensure the survival of the human race on Venus.B. The way to breed organisms on Venus.C The way to reduce the population of the Earth.D. The way to conquer the universe.Part II. Cloze (15%)Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes thesentence.With the passage of time, the wave of change also spread to cities. The expression “one’s 11 on marriage” began to appear, as did the concept of “marriage as one of life’s many 12 ,”The 13 of men still unmarried in their thirties reached about twenty percent in the national 14 taken in 1985, and the advent (到来) of a “hard-to-get-married era” began to be 15 talked about. The figure apparently 16 30percent in 1995. 17 , the highest rate of male singles in their thirtieswas 18 in Tokyo, including that the 19 number of unmarried men was no longer a 20 rural problem.What about women? The proportion of unmarried women in the 25-59 age bracket（年龄段）has been increasing 21 about 5 percent every five years until it is now nearly 50 percent.What are the real reasons women 22 not to marry? Early on, two were cited: women are now better educated and more women are interested in working outside the home. A ministry of Education survey 23 in 1989 found that 35.8 percent of male high school graduates went on to college or university (including junior college) -less than the 36.8 percent for female graduates. This was the first time since the ministry started such surveys that women had outnumbered men in going 24 higher education. 25 , the proportion of women with jobs outside the home reached 49.5 percent in 1989.11. A. outlook B. lookout C. conception D. belief12. A. options B. alterations C. substitutes D. preferences13. A. ration B. ration C. proportion D. rates14. A. investigation B. census C. search D. approach15. A. very much B. fairly C. rather D. much16. A. transcended B. proceeded C. preceded D. exceeded17. A. Nonetheless B. Nevertheless C. Moreover D. Likewise18. A. recorded B. provided C. granted D. supplied19. A. growing B. grown C. advancing D. promoting20. A. primary B. prime C. primarily D. chief21. A. for B. at C. by D. with22. A. offer B. long C. choose D. expect23. A. sponsored B. conducted C. imposed D. enforced24. A. with B. in for C. about D. after25. A. Incidentally B. Virtually C. Meanwhile D. FurthermorePart III. Reading comprehension (40)Directions: In this part, there are 4 reading passages. Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions at the end of each passage. Choosethe best answer to each question and write your answer on the ANSWERSHEET.Passage 1The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others.The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keeper escapers is defined by attention—that aspect ofmind carrying consciousness forward from on moment to the next. It ranges from a passive, free-floating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation. The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels, sensitivity to novelty is increased. The organism is more awake, more vigilant; this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more subde signals as the organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings. The processes of arousal and concentration give attention its direction. Arousal is at first general, with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled. Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images. One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends and purposes.The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing. Although in both kinds of animals, arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and nor epinephrine by the adrenal glands, the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is possibly aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead, perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it, but the animal does experience something like it. The predator is searchingly。

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2003年南京大学考博英语真题及详解
SECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（20%）
（略）
SECTION II STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY（35%）
Part A
Directions:Questions31-40are incomplete sentences.Beneath each sentence you will see four-words or phrases,marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
31.This platform would collapse if all of us______on it.
A.stand
B.stood
C.would stand
D.had stood
【答案】B
【解析】一般现在时的虚拟语气结构，主句用would+动词，从句用一般过去式。

32.The young man who saw the car______into the river telephoned the police.
A.plunged
B.plunge
C.was plunging
D.to plunge
【答案】B
【解析】see sth.do表示看到事物动作的整个过程，这里表示看见车陷入河里。

33.You can come with me to the museum this afternoon______you don’t mind
walking for half an hour.
A.unless
B.so far as
C.except
D.if
【答案】D
【解析】句意为“如果你不介意走半个小时路的话，你今天下午就跟我一块去博物馆吧。

”
可知为D，其余三项均不通。

34.We can rely on William to carry out this mission,for his judgment is always
______.
A.inexplicable
B.healthy
C.sound
D.straight
【答案】C
【解析】sound可靠的，合理的；inexplicable无法说明的；healthy健康的；straight 直的。

35.When the new assembly line is complete,the factory will turn_______one
thousand cars per day.
A.in
B.off
C.out
D.over
【答案】C
【解析】turn out生产，制造；turn in上交，交还；turn off关掉；turn over仔细考虑。

36.Since most doctors are______about effectiveness of the new medicine,they
seldom recommend it to their patients.
A.anxious
B.dubious
C.cynical
D.innocent
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“由于大多数医生对于新药的药效不是很确定，所以他们很少将其推荐给病人。

”dubious可疑，不确定性，符合此意；anxious紧张；cynical愤世嫉俗的；
innocent无罪的，清白的。

37.The senator agrees that his support of the action would______his chances for
reelection.
A.obscure
B.mystify
C.distinguish
D.jeopardize
【答案】D
【解析】jeopardize危害，句意为“参议员承认自己对这个判决的支持会危害到他再次当选。

”obscure使不明显，使模糊；mystify迷惑；distinguish区别，辨别。

38.In his______to further knowledge of the universe,man has now begun to
explore space.
A.attempt
B.expedition
C.trial
D.chase
【答案】D
【解析】chase追求，追赶；attempt努力，尝试；expedition远征，探险；trial试验。

39.The manufacturers hoped that the motor show would______their car sales.
A.promise
B.lift
C.intensify
D.boost
【答案】D
【解析】boost推进；promise允诺，答应；lift举起，升高；intensify加强，强化。

40.It was all agreed that the first problem the new government would have to
______was unemployment.
A.grip
B.tackle
C.discern
D.manipulate
【答案】B
【解析】tackle the problem解决问题；grip掌握，控制；discern认识，辨别；manipulate 操作，使用。

Part B
Directions：In questions41-50each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined.Below the sentence are four Chinese words or phrases marked A,B,C, and D.Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
41.The United States was trying hard to smoke the enemy out of the holes in the target country.
A．对敌人施以地毯式轰炸
B．将敌人熏死在洞中
C．引诱敌人出洞
D．向洞中的敌人投掷毒气弹
42.He kept throwing us an apple of discord,we soon quarreled again．
A．（评判）不公
B．（挑起）争端
C．（分赃）不均D．背叛
43.There are quite a few people who are willing to prostitute their intelligence for a mess of pottage.
A．蝇头小利
B．一锅粥
C．眼前利益
D．钱财
44.There are always a lot of straw polls before the general election of the President in the United States．
A．无效投票
B．拉拢选票
C．民意测验
D．正式投票。