Hemingway__the_killers__美国文学_课件
英美文学欣赏最新版教学课件美国文学Unit 10 Ernest Hemingway
1936 年，西班牙内战爆发，海明威前往任战地记者。《丧钟为谁而 鸣》（For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1940）是他以西班牙内战为背景描写战 争的长篇小说。第二次世界大战期间，海明威也到欧洲前线报道战争， 他还短期到过中国。战后他侨居古巴。《老人与海》（The Old Man and the Sea, 1952）是他晚年的代表作。 1954 年，海明威获诺贝尔文学奖。 获奖理由是“因为他精通于叙事艺术，突出地表现在其近著《老人与海》 之中；同时也因为他对当代文体风格之影响（for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style）”。 1961 年，海 明威自杀。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
Last for me, head. Last for me. You never went 头啊，为了我，你坚持住吧。为我坚持住。你从来没有晕倒过。 （注解：这一段是老人在自言自语，给自己鼓劲儿。）
Even if we were two and swamped her to load him and bailed her out 即使我这里有两个人，把船装满了水，把鱼拉上船，再把水舀掉。 （注解：her 指小船， him 指大鱼。）
作品简介
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
《老人与海》根据真
人真事写作的中篇小说， 是最能够代表海明威艺术 风格的杰作。故事写一位 老渔民孤独的捕鱼历程， 以及他与大鱼和大海的漫 长而孤独的搏斗。
Hemingway 英语专业教学课件
It would be impossible for me to ask the Ambassador of my country to read a speech in which a writer said all of the things which are in his heart. Things may not be immediately discernible in what a man writes, and in this sometimes he is fortunate; but eventually they are quite clear and by these and the degree of alchemy that he possesses he will endure or be forgotten.
Ernest Hemingway’s 1929 novel, is often regarded as his best artistic achievement. It was certainly his greatest commercial success to date with 80,000 copies sold within the first four months. The money earned for the novel, though, came too late to prevent his father from committing suicide due to financial stress and a losing struggle with diabetes. The novel established Ernest Hemingway as the literary master of a style that was characterized by brisk assertive staccato, or crisp precise prose.
美国文学课课件_海明威_英文简介Ernest_Hemingwa（可编辑）
美国文学课课件_海明威_英文简介Ernest_HemingwaErnestHemingway1899-19611899-1961He started his career as a writer in a newspaper office atthe age of seventeenAfter the United States entered the First World War, hejoined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian armyServing at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitalsAfter his return to the United States, he became areporter for Canadian and American newspapers andwas soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek RevolutionIn Europe in the 1920's ,Ernest learned from avant-garde writers like GertrudeStein and Ezra Poundtheir literary sparenessand compressionHemingway in ItalyDuring the twenties, He became a member of thegroup of expatriate Americans in Paris, which hedescribed in his first novel, The Sun Also Rises 1926Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his mostambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940Among his later works, the most outstanding is theshort novel, The Old Man and the Sea 1952, thestory of an old fisherman's journey, his long andlonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat.Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, attimes primitive people whose courage and honestyare set against the brutal ways of modern society,and who in this confrontation lose hope and faithHis straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, andhis predilection for understatement areparticularly effective in his short stories, some ofwhich are collected in Men Without Women 1927and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-NineStories 1938. Main worksThe Sun Also Rises 1926A Farewell to Arms 1929For Whom the Bell Tolls1940The Old Man and the Sea1952Ernest Hemingway Home, Key West, Florida恩斯特海明威 ? 美 ? 作家珍妮福 ? 那在法 ? 巴黎的合影Lost GenerationGroup of U.S. writers who came of age duringWorld War I and established their reputations inthe 1920s; more broadly, the entire post ? WorldWar I American generation. The term wascoined by Gertrude Stein in a remark to ErnestHemingway. The writers considered themselves"lost" because their inherited values could notoperate in the postwar world and they feltspiritually alienated from a country theyconsidered hopelessly provincial andemotionally barren. The term embracesHemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John DosPassos, E.E. Cummings, Archibald MacLeish,and Hart Crane, among others. “Lost” GenerationWorld WarI seemed to have destroyedthe idea that if you acted virtuously, goodthings would happen. Many good, youngmen went to war and died, or returnedhome either physically or mentallywounded for most, both, and their faith inthe moral guideposts that had earlier giventhem hope, were no longer validtheywere "Lost."? These literary figures also criticized American culture in creative fictional storieswhich had the themes of self-exile,indulgence care-free living and spiritualalienation? For example, Fitzgerald's This Side ofParadise shows the young generation of the1920's masking their general depressionbehind the forced exuberance of the JazzAge. Another of Fitzgerald's novels, TheGreat Gatsby does the same where theillusion of happiness hides a sad lonelinessfor the main characters. Who are involved in the Lost Generation?Ernest HemingwayF. Scott FitzgeraldJohn Dos PassosGertrude SteinT. S. EliotEzra Pound Two Types of Hemingway’sCharactersOne of the foremost authors of the era between the two world wars, Hemingway in his earlyworks depicted the lives of two types of people? One type consisted of men and women deprived,by World War I, of faith in the moral values inwhich they had believed, and who lived withcynical disregard for anything but their ownemotional needs? The other type were men of simple characterand primitive emotions, such as prizefightersand bullfighters. Hemingway’s StyleHemingway's novels pioneered a new style ofwriting which many generations after tried toimitate. Hemingway did away with the floridprose of the 19th century Victorian era andreplaced it with a lean, clear prose based onaction. H also employed a technique by whichhe left out essential information of the story inthe belief that omission can sometimesstrengthen the plot of the novel. The novelsproduced by the writers of the Lost Generationgive insight to the lifestyles that people leadduring the 1920's in America, and the literaryworks of these writers were innovative for theirtime and have influenced many futuregenerations in their styles of writing.Writing StyleJournalistic, lean, simple, short sentences;hardly any adjectivesPrinciple of iceberg7/8 under for every 1/8showing?forces readers to “readbetween the lines”; also called “hard-boiled” styleCritical acclaim-Nobel Prize in 1954Writing StyleLiterary techniquesFlashbackVivid imageryUnique symbolismUnique SymbolismLightwarmth, security, order/balanceWetnessevil, disaster, impending doomLandscapesHighlandsclear, clean, peaceful,orderlyLowlandsevil, chaos,dirtThe Hemingway’s “Code”A man can be destroyed, but notnecessarily defeated Man must face all life struggles withcourage, intensity, honesty, and grace The reward is dignity Loss of hope and faith equals defeat.The Hemingway’s “Code” cont’dConcept of “nada” or “nothingness”: The outcome of life is death, with no lifeafter deaththe struggle is the only thing th at matters“we are all losers,” as the outcome of lifeis death.The Hemingway’s “Code” cont’dNotable Characters-all “manly men” whoact “naturally” as nature intended them to BullfightersBoxersSoldiersHunters FishermenHero ArchetypesTutor: Manly man who teaches the “code” Respects opponent simple and confident expert at his trade always calm Hero Archetypes cont’dTyro:Student of the “code”ConfusedWounded mentally/physically InsomniacResembles HemingwayFears “nada”/”nothingness”Hero Archetypes cont’dHeroin e “Bitch”:Tyro’s womanGreedyUnloving & unkind towards tyroSarcastic and opinionatedpromiscuous-enjoys “wounding” tyroGertrude Stein 1 95 4 年获诺贝尔文学奖海明威英勇地脱离了早期“残暴、犬儒和冷漠”的阶段 , 充满“对危险和冒险的刚毅热爱” , 且具有“对现代叙事艺术强而有力、屡创新格的掌握能力”。
英美文学PPT课件8. Ernest Hemingway
《老人与海》
In 1954, when Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, it was for "his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style".
In High School, Hemingway played football and learned to wrestle During this time he also incurred permanent eye damage. This caused him to be rejected by the Army during WWI Hemingway was also the editor of his high school newspaper, The Trapeze
A man can be destroyed but not defeated.
----From The Old Man and the Sea
“Grace under pressure” is their motto
Whatever is the result is, they are ready to live with grace under pressure. No matter how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated. Finally, they will prevail because of their indestructible spirit and courage.
海明威介绍PPT课件
（三）非洲的青山
在《午后之死》中，海明威提出了“冰山”创 作原则：“如果一位散文家对他想写的东西心 中有数，那么他可以省略他所知道的东西。读 者……会强烈感受到他所省略的部分……冰山 在海里移动很是庄严宏伟，这是因为它只有八 分之一露出水面。”“冰山”原则是海明威重 要的创作特色，它是指以简练含蓄的语言表达 浓缩过的思想内涵，从而达到表达言外之意、 趣外之旨的艺术效果。
1929年，创作长篇小说《永别了，武器》。
（三）非洲的青山
30年代，海明威迁居古巴。
创作反映西班牙斗牛的特写集《午后之死》 （1932）和记叙非洲打猎情况的《非洲的青山》 （1935）。
1936年，他创作了两个优秀的短篇小说《法兰西 斯·玛康贝短暂的幸福》和《乞力马扎罗的雪》。 两篇小说都以在非洲打猎的生活为题材。反映了 人与人之间可怕的冷漠关系；后者采用意识流手 法，写作家哈里因打猎受伤得了坏疽，在临终最 后一天的思绪和死亡过程。
（四）打不败的“硬汉子”
书名出处 —— 英国 17 世纪玄学派诗人约翰 · 多 恩的布道诗：
“谁也不能像一座孤岛/在大海里独踞。/每个
人都似一块小小的泥土，/连成整个陆地。/如 果有一块泥土被海水冲掉， / 欧洲就会缺其一 隅。/这如同一座山岬，/也如同你的朋友和你 自己。无论谁死了，/我都觉得是我的损失，/ 因为我是人类的一员。 / 因此，绝不要探问丧 钟为谁而鸣，/丧钟为你敲响。”
（四）打不败的“硬汉子”
1937年，海明威以记者身份奔赴西班牙内战前 线； 发表了以西班牙人民反法西斯战争为题材的三 幕剧《第五纵队》（1938）和长篇小说《丧钟 为谁而鸣》（1940）。 《丧钟为谁而鸣》是海明威篇幅最长、规模最 大的作品，主题仍然是作者常用的战争、爱情 和死亡，但作品的独特之处在于它完成了海明 威从青年时代因战争而导致的虚无主义到重新 相信自己和人类这一个逐渐转化的过程，奏出 了一支以信心和正义为主旋律的正气歌。
Hemingway__the_killers__美国文学_课件培训资料.ppt
Historical Context
• "The Killers" was written in the 1920s when organized crime was at its prime during prohibition Chicago was the home of al capone .Hemingway himself had spent time in Chicago as a young man. When things became too dangerous for the mob they would retreat to the suburb of Summit, where "The Killers" takes place. Despite Hemingway's knowledge of organized crime he omitted much of that background from the story. Hemingway himself said, "That story probably had more left out of it than anything I ever wrote. I left out all Chicago, which is hard to do in 2951 words."
Works
• 1926 “The Sun Also Rises” • Deep illusion of the whole generation after the
英美文学选读--The killers
Hemingway , a famous modern American novelist,won the Nobel prize for literature in 1954 because he had a good mastery of the art of modern narration .As a master of language,he formed his own special telegraphic writing style ,which has caused a great influence in the history of American and European literature.Besides,he was the first one to put up the original "Iceberg Theory".One of the classic short story "the killers" is just the style . Those his works truely described the American "lost generation" after the First World War, revealing the social collapse of the bourgrois civilization.The“Killers" used an objective narrative perspective ,the way outside the focus ,to describe the great harm the attempted murder caused to a teenager Nick . According to the story , it can be divided into three different scenes.In the first scene,the two muderers came to Henry restaurant, attempting to kill the boxer Ole Anderson when he was having his meal .One of the muderers trapped Nick and the black chef Sam in the kitchen.But after a long time ,the boxer did not appear and the muderers left depressed and unhappy.Then came the second scene.Nick anxiously ran to the Hirsch’rooming-house. To everyone’s amazement,lying on the bed , the boxer cared about nothing associated with the muder.Considering that he offendedsomeone,he knew well that escape was useless and would rathersit still waiting for the death peacefully than to stuggle forthe police for help or look for a place to hide himself. Whathe behaved astonished Nick compeletely.Every reader may thinkthat Nick will leave city without hesitation.However,he wentback Henry restaurants and told Sam and George the wholethings.What the two men responsed to the muder brought the theclimax of the story and impressed all the readers.Although the title of the novel is the killers,the mainchracter is not the muderer but the teenager Nick.The writertells us the evil background of that society though Nick’seyes and feelings,which is truly the point of the artical. The passage shaped the figures owning vivid chracter.Fromthe passage ,the conversation about Nick is easy to count .Butwe can easily tell that Nick is a kind and pure teenager . For example,‘Hey,bright boy,’Max said to Nick. ‘you go around on the other side of the counter with your boy friend.’‘What’s your idea ?’Nick asked‘You better go around ,bright boy ,’Al said.Nick went around behind the counter.‘What’s your idea ?’George asked.....‘Tell him to come in ,’‘What’s the idea?’Not familiar with the outside world ,Nick thinks all peopleare good and do not know how to deal with what happened to him.Sohe just asked ‘What’s the idea?’. Besides,it makespreparation for the performance Nick made to all the murder. As for Georage and Sam ,we can get some information from thecoversation .......‘I don’ twant anymore of that, ‘said Sam, the cook, ‘I don’t want any more of that.’Nick stood up. He had never had a towel in his mouth before .‘I don’ t like it,’said the cook, ‘I don’t like any of it at all.’‘You better not have anything to do with it at all,’Sam, the cook, said. ‘You better stay way out of it.’‘Mixing up in this ain’ t going to get you anywhere,’the cook said. ‘You stay out of it .’........From the coversaton ,we can easily come to the conclusionthat Sam is afraid of the evil and try his best to stay awayfrom the underworld .In the world ,the last thing he would dois getting involved in the muder things. When Nick choosed totell Anderson the truth ,Sam turned around right away and leavewithout any hesitation. With comparation,Nick and George’ssense of justice becomes more obvious. Maybe it is caused byhis social stage ,a black chef ,someone owning fewrights.Also ,we can judge that Geroge is a exprienced socialman who had gone though kinds of things and can stay very calmwhen something suddenly happened.For example ,he was the manwho first realized that the two strange men were going to killOle Anderson . But different from Sam ,he choosed to encourageNick to tell Anderson the truth.He behaved more like a wise andbrave man.As for the muderers,we can have a better nderstanding abouttheir chracter though the description below.“He (Al) wore a derby hat and a black overcoat buttoned across the chest. His face was small and white and he had tight lips. He wore a silk muffler and gloves”“He (Max) was about the same size as Al. Their faces were different, but they were dressed like twins. Both wore overcoats too tight for them.From the description about their appearance, killers'image began to form in readers’mind . They wore bowler hats , tautblack coat, and gloves , giving us a domineering , arrogant feeling . people have a ill intent ,scanty ,but vivid impression .‘I'll tell you,’ Max said ‘We' re going to kill a Swede. Do you know a big Swede named Ole Andreson?’‘Yes.’‘He comes here to eat every night, don' t he?’‘Sometimes he comes here.’‘He comes here at six o'clock, don' t he?’‘If he comes.’‘We know all that, bright boy,’Max said. ‘Talk about something else. Ever go to the movies?’‘Once in a while.’‘You ought to go to the movies more. The movies are fine for a bright boy like you.’‘What are you going to kill Ole Andreson for ? What did he ever do to you?’‘He never had a chance to do anything to us. He never even seen us.’‘And he' s only going to see us once,’Al said from the kitchen.‘What are you going to kill him for, then?’George asked.‘We' re killing him for a friend. Just to oblige a friend, bright boy.’‘Shut up,’said Al from the kitchen. ‘You talk too goddamn much.’‘Well, I got to keep bright boy amused. Don' t I bright boy?’‘You talk too damn much,’ Al said.In the conversation ,when it comes to talking about killing,it seems to ba a very common thing in the killers’eyes . He even persuade George to see more muder movies .From that we can see the background at the time. Murder , violence and even death is just everywhere,telling us how cruel the society is. Killers even can be pround of killing innocent people.As for Anderson,there are some detailed descriptions about him.Ole Andreson looked at the wall and did not say anything.‘I don’ t want to know what they were like.’Ole Andreson said. He looked at the wall.Ole Andreson rolled over toward the wall.‘The only thing is, ‘ he said, talking toward the wall, ‘I just can’t make up my mind to go out. I been in here all day.’He looked at the wall.Nick went out. As he shut the door he saw Ole Andreson with all his clothes on, lying on the bed looking at the wall.Though repeated words , actions,we can see that a good manwas compelled to sit still waiting for death with nothing to do ,which is so horrible. Anderson ,the boxer ,is brave and consider his dignity above everything. He would rather to die with his dignity than to struggle with panic.In fact,death is the common theme in many works of Hemingway , such as: the " Snows of Kilimanjaro ", the writer Harry on the high snow-capped mountains in Africa because of the incurable illness waits for the arrival of death ; in " Farewell to arms " , the distraught Henry waited beloved wife Catherine 's death ; in the " waiting for the day ", the little boy was misunderstanding but bravely awaiting the arrival of death.The attitude toward death is worth everyone’s deep thinking.In this novel ,there is another small finger ,Mrs.Bell.The reason for her existence is that she is a member of ordinary people . By dialogue of Mrs.Bell and Nick, the readers can understand that Andresen is an excellent person ,who was not the class of people as Al and Max .A good man in the eyes of ordinary people actually becomes the aim of the killers,from which we can realize the world is totally a mess. That is more convincing .After the analyse of content and chracter of fingers,I’dlike to talk about the writing stytle of this novel.(1)卒章显志：Hemingway always uses this in his novel structure. He does not show us the theme of the artical and what he wants to convey directly but tells stories casually. Until the end ,audiences come to realize the truth of the whole things,the feeling just like drama brings .(2)讽刺，Satire :Hemingway is good at using satire to shape the chracter of people. In the passage, ‘Standing a little further along the bar.You move a little to the left,Max,’ He was like a photograther arranging for a group picture’ it was so ridiculous that killing innocent people is just like the photographer arranging for a group picture . The satire highlights how cruel the killers are by the comparation between the happiness of photography and the sadness of killing .(3)隐喻，MetaphorThe novel is titled as the killers but there are few descriptions about the process of killing,no scene of killing people and no scared scene of killed people. As a matter offact,it uses the simple words to inform us that what the killers really killed is the young heart of Nick .In other words,it tells the lost of humannity. In the famous works ‘The Dream of Red Mansion’，“贾不假，白玉为堂金作马。
美国文学史之Hemingway
Features of Hemingway’s Works
Hemingway’s situation
Hemingway is essentially a negative writer. His
world is essentially chaotic and meaningless, characterized by brutality and violence, by crime and death, by sports and sex
The Sun Also Rises(1926)
Hemingway’s first true novel
A portrait of the Lost Generation.
1) a term first applied by Gertrude Stein 2) In reference to Page 228 The implication of the title (P.232) Major Characters: Jake Barnes, Brett Ashley, Pedro Romero, Robert Cohn
Two different tones in his early works and
later works, marked by the transitional work To Have and Have Not (1937) “A man alone ain’t got no bloody chance”
Lecture Twenty
Ernest Hemingwak Park, Illinois(1899) His happy childhood Kansas City Star (1917) American Red Cross Ambulance Corps (1918) In Paris as a reporter for Canada Toronto Star (1919) Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923) Florida (1928) Spanish Civil War (1936) WW2 Nobel Prize (1954) Shot himself (1961)
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Summary
• The Killers tells us an attempted murder story. Two killers, Al and Max went to Henry’s lunchroom and said they will kill the man named Andreson who was a boxer. They arranged the scene of the crime skillfully and controlled the Counterman George, Nick and the cook Sam. However, Andreson didn’t appear. After the two killers leaving, Nick went to Andreson’s home and told him what would happen. It seemed that Andreson had known everything, he didn’t take any action, on the contrary, he was waiting to die.
Pauline Marie Pfeiffer
• "Pauline was a welleducated, devout Catholic with a great job, a huge trust fund, and countless, more suitable, admirers."
Martha Ellis Gellhorn
Works
• 1926 “The Sun Also Rises” • Deep illusion of the whole generation after the WWI; the characters indulged themselves in depraved life to make themselves numb • 1927 Men Without Women • 1928 “A Farewell to Arms” • a tragic story about war and love • 1933 Winner Take Nothing
• "Gellhorn's marriage to hemingway lasted five years, ending when Gellhorn left Hemingway, the only of his wives to do so."
Mary Welsh
• "...a stunning blond journalist from Minnesota..."
Hemingway
• The Killer
Life
• born in a small town called Oak Park in Illinois near Chicago • father: a successful physician, middle class, love fishing and hunting; mother: music teacher • a happy childhood; a lover of brutal sports, such as boxing and football in middle school • Though his father hoped him to be a physician, Hemingway refused to enter university. He chose to be a reporter. • During the WWI, he wanted to join the army but was refused because of his poor eyesight. Then Hemingway came to Italy to work as an ambulance driver. He was seriously wounded in the battlefield. The nightmarish war experience changed his life.
Section 1
• "The Killers" begins with two men walking into Henry's lunchroom and discussing what they want to eat. Max and Al bicker over what menu items are available with George, the counterman who had been talking with Nick Adams, the only other customer. • Al and Max order George to tell the cook, Sam, to come out of the kitchen, and then Al takes Nick and Sam back into the kitchen. • Max announces that they are at the lunchroom to kill Ole Andreson, a Swede who usually eats dinner there at six o'clock. • At five minutes past seven, the two men leave, shotguns bulging from their overcoats.
the improcess of searching and resistance
Historical Context
• "The Killers" was written in the 1920s when organized crime was at its prime during prohibition Chicago was the home of al capone .Hemingway himself had spent time in Chicago as a young man. When things became too dangerous for the mob they would retreat to the suburb of Summit, where "The Killers" takes place. Despite Hemingway's knowledge of organized crime he omitted much of that background from the story. Hemingway himself said, "That story probably had more left out of it than anything I ever wrote. I left out all Chicago, which is hard to do in 2951 words."
Prize
• Pulitzer Prize (1953)
Prize for Fiction
The Old Man and the Sea
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954
"for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in
Elizabeth Hadley Richardson
• "Through his literary friends, he met and fell in love with another tall, lovely young woman, Hadley Richardson. She was eight years older than Hemingway..."
Conclusion
• From Hemingway’s novels a clear developing process can be found. From the lost state at the beginning, he gradually found out the significance of life and the principles human should hold in a meaningless world. “The Old Man and the Sea” can be taken as a conclusion of his ideas. • Common theme of his novels: “grace under pressure” • Hemingway heroes: a noble but tragic hero; fighting with the overwhelming force; though he knows that he will be defeated at last, he decides to act like a hero Significance of “Hemingway heroes”: restoring the human dignity in the 20th century
• After the war, he still worked as a reporter. He was sent to Paris and knew Pound, Gertrude Stein, Sherwood Anderson and some other famous writers who encouraged him to write. • He also worked as a war reporter in the Spanish Civil War and the WWII. • He is a tough guy with rather masculine manner. In all his life, he loved tough games, such as boxing, hunting, deep-sea fishing and so on. He was injured many times. In all the operations, 237 steel fragments were taken out from Hemingway’s body. He also suffered 3 car accidents and 2 air crushes. He was admired as a hero by lots of people and his life style was imitated. • (9)In 1961, Hemingway shot himself with gun in his home.