美国文学PPT
《美国文学》课件三.ppt
Anne Bradstreet: "Contemplations (9)"
• Contemplations (9) • I heard the merry grasshopper then sing. • The black-clad cricket (蟋蟀) bear a second part; • They kept one tune and played on the same string, • Seeming to glory in their little art. • Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise • And in their kind resound their Maker's praise, • Whilst I, as mute, can warble (sing in a high voice but not
• Smith says of Pocahontas that she "hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine."
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Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council in the colony and orchestrated （organize）such improvements as expanding the settlement around the fort and repairing many buildings.
• His importance is more seen in his Puritanical doctrines; a representative of the idealistic aspect of American Puritanism and an emblem of the Calvinist beliefs and tenets.
美国文学PPT
在1873年，塞丝和她的女儿丹芙住在辛辛那提附近农村地区124号 的一所房子里。由于塞丝过去的经历和她的孤傲，她们受到当地 人的排斥。自从逃出“甜蜜家园”农场后十八年已经过去了。这 个农场由一个被称之为老师的凶残的男人经营着，这个人一边允 许他的侄子们残害塞丝一边做笔录用以科学地研究黑人。因此， 已经怀孕的塞丝逃跑了，逃跑的路上在一个叫做艾米的白人妇女 的帮助下生下了孩子。此时理应陪在塞丝身边的丈夫却消失了。 带着四个孩子逃往辛辛那提后塞丝只享受了28天的自由便被她的 主人追到，塞丝试图把她的孩子全都杀死而不愿让他们沦为奴隶， 但最后只杀死了其中的一个。她的主人因为认为塞丝已不能继续 当仆人而丢弃了她，而塞丝也免于绞刑继续在124号抚养剩下的三 个孩子。死去孩子的灵魂开始出没于她们居住的房子，两个儿子 霍华德和巴尔格两度遇见灵魂后心惊胆战地离开了。祖母贝比"萨 格斯也因此伤心而患病死去。贝比"萨格斯以前在辛辛那提的黑人 社区有着相当大的影响力，被许多人热奉为鼓舞人心的“圣女”。 自从塞丝出事后她便放弃讲道卧病在床。她死后数年里塞丝和丹 芙孤独地继续生活在小房子里，特别是丹芙，虽然已经十八岁， 但还是不敢离开房子半步。
获奖
此外，莫里森还荣获下列奖项： 1977年 《所罗门之歌》获全国图书评论界奖（National Book Critics Circle Award） 1977年 或美国艺术与文学学院奖（American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award） 1987-88年 获罗伯特·肯尼迪图书奖（Robert F. Kennedy Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获美国图书奖（American Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获安斯非尔德-沃尔夫种族关系图书奖（Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获普利策小说奖（Pulitzer Prize for Fiction） 1989年 美国现代语言协会联邦文学奖（MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature） 1993年 获法国艺术及文学司令勋章（Commander of the Arts and Letters ） 1994年 获孔多塞奖章（Condorcet Medal） 1994年 获赛珍珠奖（Pearl Buck Award） 1994年 获雷吉耶姆·朱里文学奖（Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature） 1996年 获全国图书基金美国文学突出贡献奖（National Book Foundation's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters） 2000年 获全国人文奖章（National Humanities Medal）
美国文学 ppt课件
• Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
• Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
wrathful GodOf Plymouth Plantation
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Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉 德斯特里特) (1612-1672)
the first American woman poet
a Puritan poet, once called “Tenth Muse”
• The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment.
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2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790):
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》 （1642）
• Pocahontas
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William Bradford (1590-1657)
• Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
• The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects.
艾米莉狄金森《美国文学》原创PPT课件
interest in Emily ‘s poems
. different nature
4
The Homestead
Emily Dickinson lived with her unmarried sister Lavinia in an elegant house called The Homestead(霍姆斯特德).
At the same time , Dickinson is widely acknowledged as an innovative pre-modernist poet as well as a rebellious and courageous woman.
迪金森的诗谜一般充满奇思妙想，展现出非凡的创造力与想象力。她的作品受到17世 纪英格兰玄学派诗人的影响，同时带有清教的家庭背景的烙印。虽然她不相信家庭的传统 宗教，但她研究了圣经，许多诗歌在形式上也类似圣经。她对破折号的热爱，不规则的韵 律和韵脚，超乎寻常的比喻使她当之无愧地成. 为19世纪美国文坛最具创新意识的诗人9。
A
promineGnrat vlaewaynedr
satnedrnpolitician(
我发生冲突。” Representative to Congress)
Same as their father’s career
Became ill when Emily was 25
Focus of attention and shows Close friend，though they share
.
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Themes
On Nature
• Dickinson observed nature closely and described it vividly but never with the feeling of being lost in it, or altogether part of it, nor was she surprised when its creatures also kept their distance.
美国文学ppt
The old Winery Cottage, where London died (in the left sleeping porch) on November 22, 1916
HIS FAMOUS FICTIONS
The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼唤》 《白牙》 《海狼》
White Fa“lost generation” and T.S.Eliot
REPRESETIVE WRITERS
Stephen Crane
Frank Norris
Theodore Dreiser
Jack
STEPHEN CRANE
Biography
Fiction and poetry
Style and technique
Émile Zola
Born Died Occupation Nationality Genres Notable work(s) Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola 2 April 1840 Paris, France 29 September 1902) (aged 62) Paris, France Novelist, playwright, journalist French Naturalism Les Rougon-Macquart, Thérèse Raquin Germinal
JACK LONDON
His major works
His honors and legacy
His life and death
January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916
His writing style
His life story
美国文学PPT整理版
Benjamin Franklin the Autobiography 自传•Poor Richard's Almanac 作品A Collection of maxims, or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success.•Y ou may be happier than princes if you will be more virtuous.•If you would live long, live well; for folly and wickedness shorten life.•Lost time is never found again.•A penny saved is a penny earned.•God help those who help themselves.•Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.American Romanticism 看英文•The Romantic Period stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature. 特征：浪漫主义The social and cultural background of Romanticism•The young Republic was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country.•The nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression, to make known its new experience that other nations did not have: the early Puritan settlement, the confrontation with the Indians, the frontiersmen’s life, and the wild west.•Born of one common cultural heritage, the American writers shared some common features with the English Romanticists.There was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 特征•The Romantic writings revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands.The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature.The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values.•Foreign influences added incentive to the growth of romanticism in America.Walter Scott; Coleridge; Wordsworth; Byron; Robert Burns and other masters of poetry from other European countries•Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文•James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏•William Cullen Bryant威廉·柯伦·布赖恩特•Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生•Henry David Thoreau亨利·戴维·梭罗•Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑•Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔•Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼•Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡•Emily Dickinson艾米莉·狄金森•Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies as a source of corruption.特征W ashington Irving华盛顿·欧文Father of American literatu re.Irving’s life•He was one of the first American writers to earn an international reputation, and regarded as an early Romantic writer in the American literary history andThe Sketch Book《见闻札记》Rip V an Winkle 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡Poet, short story writer and literary critic (48 poems, 70 short stories)•The Raven 《乌鸦》•Annabel Lee《安娜贝尔·李》•T o Helen《致海伦》•The Fall of the House of Usher•Ligeia•The Cask of AmontilladoThe Poetic Principle•The poem, should be short, readable at one sitting•beauty (the rhythmical creation of beauty)•melancholy (especially the death of a beautiful woman)•He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake‖.•He was father of psychoanalytic criticism, and the detective story.Gothic Building/// Gothic NovelRalph Waldo Emerson 艾默生The chief spokesman of New England T ranscendentalism 新英格兰超验主义新英格兰是位于美国大陆东北角、濒临大西洋、毗邻加拿大的区域。
《文学美国文学》PPT课件
因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),
total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以
人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到
最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有
限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上
帝的拯救)
h
3
American Puritanism
Features of American Puritan
h
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2. Early American Puritan Writers
• John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown: His descriptions about the new world became the source of information for the later settlers.
Exercise
Colonial period and Revolutionary period Early Romanticism Transcendentalism Late Romanticism
The age of Realism
Irving Franklin Cooper Emerson Hawthorne Twain James Dreiser Melville Thoreau
himself to writing Amh erican subject
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2. Evaluation. (Benjamin Franklin1706 – 1790)
1) He was a rare genius in human history. Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, citizen, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, statesman, philosopher, political economist and ambassador.
《美国文学》课件.ppt
• When he woke up, he noticed that his joints were stiff and that his beard had grown a foot long. Returning to his village, he found it changed almost beyond recognition.
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3) What does “this legendary superstition” refer to? (Para. 2) 4) What is “the general purport of this legendary superstition”? (Para. 3—Para. 4)
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5) Is the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the story of the Headless Horseman? If not, what does the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” deal with?
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Literary Terms: 1.Protagonist: The leading character in a play or story, originally the leader of the CHORUS in the AGON (“contest”) of Greek drama, faced with the ANTAGONIST, the opposition.
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6) How many major characters are mentioned in the “legend”? Who are they? And what’s the relationship between them? Who is the protagonist? And who is the antagonist?
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9.
The Post-war Scene
Saul Bellow Salinger
8.
American Drama
Eugene O’Neill Arthur Miller Tennessee Williams
Poetry: Confessional Poetry Black Mountain Poets San Francisco Renaissance The Beat Generation The New York Poets
1.
Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
5.Biblioteka Realism (1861-1914)
Mark Twain Henry James
2.
Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
殖民地时期
独立革命至南北战争时期 南北战争到第一次世界大战 两次世界大战之间 第二次世界大战后
Colonialism
Indian
Culture Pro-immigration culture （Cotton Mather、Jonathan Edwards） Poetry creation （迈克尔· 威格尔斯沃思 、 安妮· 布拉兹特里特 、爱德华· 泰勒 ）
Transcendentalism and Post-Romanticism
爱默生 梭罗 霍桑 梅尔维尔 朗费罗 洛威尔 霍姆斯
The literature of Abolition Movement （斯托夫人 ） Poetry（民主诗人惠特曼）
南北战争到第一次世界大战
按照体裁分类
一、自传 二、诗歌 三、戏剧 四、小说
按流派分类
重农派 （Agrarians)（20年代） 迷惘的一代 (The Lost Generation)(20年代） 黑山派诗歌 (Black Mountain Poems)（50年 代） 垮掉的一代 (The Beat Generation)（50年代） 黑色幽默 (Black Humor) （60年代）
Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492. Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620. The first settlement was established in Plymouth in 1620. Massachusetts Bay Colony was established in 1630.
第二次世界大战后
战争文学 （梅勒 ；詹姆斯· 琼斯 ） “垮掉的一代” “黑色幽默” （海勒 ；冯内古特；阿尔比-荒诞派戏剧） “非虚构小说” （卡波特的《凶杀》(1966)与梅勒的《刽子手之 歌》 ） 犹太人文学 （贝洛 ；辛格 ；马拉默德；罗斯 ） 黑人文学（拉尔夫· 艾列森 ；鲍德温 ；关德琳· 布鲁克斯 ；洛伦· 亨斯 伯利 ；勒鲁伊· 琼斯 ） 南方作家 （福克纳；波特；威尔蒂；斯泰伦；奥康诺；麦柯勒斯； 威廉斯 ） 纽约作家 （利· 特里林；玛· 麦卡锡；约翰· 契弗；厄普代克） 个性化的诗歌 （“垮掉派”、“黑山派”、“纽约派”、“具体 派”、“自白派”和“新超现实主义派”） 理论与批评
Table of Contents
Introduction
Brief Outline of American Literature Chapter I Colonial Period
Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
•
It contains fiction & non-fiction. Fiction: (4 genres) • Poetry • novel • drama • short story
•
• •
Non-fiction : Essay (4 categories) description narration exposition argumentation
American Literature
American Literature
Teaching Materials:
A
Survey of American Literature， 《美国文学简史》（第二版），常耀信， 南开大学出版社。
Further Reading:
李宜燮，常耀信， Selected Readings in American Literature《美国文学选读》（上 册）。 李宜燮，常耀信，
美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义 (non-monopoly capitalism)同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文 化(feudal aristocratic culture)的束缚。美国早期人口稀 少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可 能性。 美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念 较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。美国又是一个多民族的 国家，移民不断涌入，各自带来了本民族的文化，这决定了美 国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性(multi-cultural)。美国文学发 展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。许多美 国作家来自社会下层，这使得美国文学生活气息和平民色彩都 比较浓厚，总的特点是开朗、豪放。内容庞杂与色彩鲜明是美 国文学的另一特点。
Periodization
一、Colonialism殖民时期（about1607—1765） 二、Enlightenment and the Revolutionary War启蒙时期和独立 革命（1765—18世纪末） 三、Romanticism浪漫主义时期（1865—1918） 四、Realism现实主义时期（1865—1918） 五、Modernism现代主义时期（1918—1945） 六、Contemporary Literature当代文学（1945— ）
The 1920s
T.S. Eliot William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway (Lost Generation) Imagism: Ezra Pound
Brief Outline of American literature
7.
The 1930s
Steinbeck Harlem Renaissance (Black American literature) Hughes Wright Ellison
Selected Readings in American Literature《美国文学选读》（下册）。
A Guide to a Survey of American Literature,《<美国文学简史>（第 二版）学习指南》，赵红英，中国传媒大学出版社。 《牛津文学术语词典》，上海外语教育出版社。 《漫话英美文学》.常耀信. 天津：南开大学出 版社，2004.
Introduction
1.
2.
What is literature? Writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry. Language artistically used to achieve identifiable literary qualities and to convey meaningful messages. Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
两次世界大战之间
现实主义文学的发展
小说（德莱塞 ；辛· 刘易斯 ；薇拉· 凯瑟 ） “哈莱姆文艺复兴” （休斯；卡伦；理查德· 赖特 ） 左翼文学与反法西斯文学 （约翰· 里德 ；多斯· 帕索
斯 ；斯坦贝克 ；海明威；海尔曼 ） “南方文艺复兴” （威廉· 福克纳 ） 戏剧的“黄金时代” （奥尼尔 ） “新批评” （注重对文学作品本身进行精密分析， 在现代诗歌的分析上有其独到之处，他们摆脱了过 去仅仅介绍背景知识与发挥个人印象的批评方式。 但这一流派总的倾向是忽视文学作品的社会意义， 割断作品与历史、社会背景的关系）
Chapter One
Colonial Period (1607-1775)
Contents