《美国文学》课件一
Mark Twain 马克吐温 -美国文学课件
4. He lived on all kinds of odd jobs and then went to the West. He worked as a reporter there and wrote lots of frontier humors.
His Position in American Literature
One of the great writers of American literature, Twain is admired for capturing typical American experiences in a language which is realistic and charming.
Mark Twain’s experience with Simon Wheeler and Wheeler’s stories about Jim Smiley both occur in Angel’s Camp, a mining settlement located in Calaveras County, California. Wheeler tells stories to Twain in a local bar, the type of place where stories were often shared.
Representative writers:
William Dean Howells (1837—1920), The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Criticism and Fiction.
美国文学 菲茨杰拉德 Fitzgerald 课件
Literary Characteristics
Simplicity and gracefulness Metaphors and symbols Manipulating relation between the general and the specific Bold impressionistic and colorful quality
Literary Characteristics
Themes: money and love Attitude towards money: contradictory and complex Double vision: knowing it well inside; seeing it ironically outside Special experience: familiar with life style, mental state and moral standards of the rich Critical of the rich and showing the disintegrating effects of wealth on the emotional make-up
Literary Characteristics
பைடு நூலகம்
Fitzgerald: excellent chronicler of the Jazz Age Greatness: finding intuitively in his personal experience the embodiment of that of the nation and creating a myth out of American life Pursuing his ideals; objective enough to analyze, satirize and criticize them
美国文学课课件_海明威_英文简介Ernest_Hemingwa（可编辑）
美国文学课课件_海明威_英文简介Ernest_HemingwaErnestHemingway1899-19611899-1961He started his career as a writer in a newspaper office atthe age of seventeenAfter the United States entered the First World War, hejoined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian armyServing at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitalsAfter his return to the United States, he became areporter for Canadian and American newspapers andwas soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek RevolutionIn Europe in the 1920's ,Ernest learned from avant-garde writers like GertrudeStein and Ezra Poundtheir literary sparenessand compressionHemingway in ItalyDuring the twenties, He became a member of thegroup of expatriate Americans in Paris, which hedescribed in his first novel, The Sun Also Rises 1926Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his mostambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940Among his later works, the most outstanding is theshort novel, The Old Man and the Sea 1952, thestory of an old fisherman's journey, his long andlonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat.Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, attimes primitive people whose courage and honestyare set against the brutal ways of modern society,and who in this confrontation lose hope and faithHis straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, andhis predilection for understatement areparticularly effective in his short stories, some ofwhich are collected in Men Without Women 1927and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-NineStories 1938. Main worksThe Sun Also Rises 1926A Farewell to Arms 1929For Whom the Bell Tolls1940The Old Man and the Sea1952Ernest Hemingway Home, Key West, Florida恩斯特海明威 ? 美 ? 作家珍妮福 ? 那在法 ? 巴黎的合影Lost GenerationGroup of U.S. writers who came of age duringWorld War I and established their reputations inthe 1920s; more broadly, the entire post ? WorldWar I American generation. The term wascoined by Gertrude Stein in a remark to ErnestHemingway. The writers considered themselves"lost" because their inherited values could notoperate in the postwar world and they feltspiritually alienated from a country theyconsidered hopelessly provincial andemotionally barren. The term embracesHemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John DosPassos, E.E. Cummings, Archibald MacLeish,and Hart Crane, among others. “Lost” GenerationWorld WarI seemed to have destroyedthe idea that if you acted virtuously, goodthings would happen. Many good, youngmen went to war and died, or returnedhome either physically or mentallywounded for most, both, and their faith inthe moral guideposts that had earlier giventhem hope, were no longer validtheywere "Lost."? These literary figures also criticized American culture in creative fictional storieswhich had the themes of self-exile,indulgence care-free living and spiritualalienation? For example, Fitzgerald's This Side ofParadise shows the young generation of the1920's masking their general depressionbehind the forced exuberance of the JazzAge. Another of Fitzgerald's novels, TheGreat Gatsby does the same where theillusion of happiness hides a sad lonelinessfor the main characters. Who are involved in the Lost Generation?Ernest HemingwayF. Scott FitzgeraldJohn Dos PassosGertrude SteinT. S. EliotEzra Pound Two Types of Hemingway’sCharactersOne of the foremost authors of the era between the two world wars, Hemingway in his earlyworks depicted the lives of two types of people? One type consisted of men and women deprived,by World War I, of faith in the moral values inwhich they had believed, and who lived withcynical disregard for anything but their ownemotional needs? The other type were men of simple characterand primitive emotions, such as prizefightersand bullfighters. Hemingway’s StyleHemingway's novels pioneered a new style ofwriting which many generations after tried toimitate. Hemingway did away with the floridprose of the 19th century Victorian era andreplaced it with a lean, clear prose based onaction. H also employed a technique by whichhe left out essential information of the story inthe belief that omission can sometimesstrengthen the plot of the novel. The novelsproduced by the writers of the Lost Generationgive insight to the lifestyles that people leadduring the 1920's in America, and the literaryworks of these writers were innovative for theirtime and have influenced many futuregenerations in their styles of writing.Writing StyleJournalistic, lean, simple, short sentences;hardly any adjectivesPrinciple of iceberg7/8 under for every 1/8showing?forces readers to “readbetween the lines”; also called “hard-boiled” styleCritical acclaim-Nobel Prize in 1954Writing StyleLiterary techniquesFlashbackVivid imageryUnique symbolismUnique SymbolismLightwarmth, security, order/balanceWetnessevil, disaster, impending doomLandscapesHighlandsclear, clean, peaceful,orderlyLowlandsevil, chaos,dirtThe Hemingway’s “Code”A man can be destroyed, but notnecessarily defeated Man must face all life struggles withcourage, intensity, honesty, and grace The reward is dignity Loss of hope and faith equals defeat.The Hemingway’s “Code” cont’dConcept of “nada” or “nothingness”: The outcome of life is death, with no lifeafter deaththe struggle is the only thing th at matters“we are all losers,” as the outcome of lifeis death.The Hemingway’s “Code” cont’dNotable Characters-all “manly men” whoact “naturally” as nature intended them to BullfightersBoxersSoldiersHunters FishermenHero ArchetypesTutor: Manly man who teaches the “code” Respects opponent simple and confident expert at his trade always calm Hero Archetypes cont’dTyro:Student of the “code”ConfusedWounded mentally/physically InsomniacResembles HemingwayFears “nada”/”nothingness”Hero Archetypes cont’dHeroin e “Bitch”:Tyro’s womanGreedyUnloving & unkind towards tyroSarcastic and opinionatedpromiscuous-enjoys “wounding” tyroGertrude Stein 1 95 4 年获诺贝尔文学奖海明威英勇地脱离了早期“残暴、犬儒和冷漠”的阶段 , 充满“对危险和冒险的刚毅热爱” , 且具有“对现代叙事艺术强而有力、屡创新格的掌握能力”。
美国文学 ppt课件
• Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
• Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
wrathful GodOf Plymouth Plantation
ppt课件
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Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉 德斯特里特) (1612-1672)
the first American woman poet
a Puritan poet, once called “Tenth Muse”
• The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment.
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2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790):
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》 （1642）
• Pocahontas
ppt课件
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William Bradford (1590-1657)
• Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
• The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects.
美国文学《自传》课件
• •
• •
富兰克林对邮政工作格外偏爱，是出于非常现实的考虑——这当然不是指他 自己可以免费寄信这种蝇头小利，而是说他发现了邮政和他家族的产业—— 报纸印刷出版之间的联系。曾经，殖民地时期的邮政局并不热衷于担当报纸 的发行渠道，甚至会因为不喜欢某些报纸的内容而拒绝邮寄。富兰克林出任 邮政局长后，很快制定了一项政策：任何出版商都可以通过邮局发行自己的 报纸，邮局不仅不会干涉，而且还在邮费上面给出了非常优惠的折扣。
• 美国独立战争： • 美国独立战争（American War of Independence） （1775年4月19日～1784年1月14日），美国独立战争， 又称北美独立战争或美国革命。为世界历史上首次殖民地 居民打败宗主国并获得独立的战争，美国在脱离英国独立 后，其经济及军事迅速发展，很快便跃升为世界主要强国 之一。是世界史上第一次大规模的殖民地争取民族独立的 战争，它的胜利，给大英帝国的殖民体系打开了一个缺口， 为殖民地民族解放战争树立了范例。 • 18世纪中叶，随着北美殖民地资本主义经济的发展和美利 坚民族意识的增强，英国与北美殖民地之间的矛盾日益激 化。尤其是七年战争后，英国为弥补战争损失，加重对殖 民地人民的盘剥与压迫，从而使殖民地抗英斗争从经济、 政治斗争发展到武装斗争。 • 原因 • 英国的殖民统治阻碍了北美经济的发展。
The Autobiography
_本杰明.富兰克林
商务英语本科二班 二组
目录
作品背景
作者简介 内容介绍
一、背景介绍
• 时代背景： • 富兰克林生活的时代正值美国从殖民地向独立的 资产阶级国家迈进的重大转折时期，他积极投身 革命运动，对独立战争的胜利和美国国家制度的 初期建设作出了重大的贡献．
1701年，普鲁士国王腓特烈一世想拥有一件珍品 ——一个壁上嵌满琥珀的房间
美国文学EmilyDickinson迪金森
精选完整ppt课件
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Weird Recluse?
• She would sometimes send her poems to
people as gifts for valentines or birthdays, along with a pie or cookies.
• She often lowered snacks and treats in baskets to neighborhood children from her window, careful never to let them see her face.
• "If fame belonged to me," she told Higginson, "I could not escape her; if she did not, the longest day would pass me on the chase.… My barefoot rank is better." The twentieth century lifted her without doubt to the first rank among poets.
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What’s the Difference?
BECAUSE I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality. We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility. We passed the school where children played, Their lessons scarcely done; We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun.
TSEliot(艾略特-美国文学)PPT课件
1. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD
死者的葬礼
T.S. Eliot
（ 1888-1965）
Thomas Stearns Eliot
A poet, dramatist, literary critic, and modernist.
do
something
2021
He was born in Missouri on September 26, 1888. He lived in St. Louis during the first eighteen years of his life and attended Harvard University.In 1910, he left the United States for the Sorbonne, having earned both undergraduate and masters degrees and having contributed several poems to the Harvard Advocate. After a year in Paris, he returned to Harvard to pursue a doctorate in philosophy, but returned to Europe and settled in England in 1914.
Bin gar keine Russin, stamm' aus Litauen, echt deutsch.
And when we were children, staying at the archduke's,
My cousin's, he took me out on a sled,
美国文学课件
爱德华·阿尔比（1928—）
荒诞派戏剧的主要代表 人物 《美国梦》（1961）是 其批判性特别强的作品， 剧中有一个所谓的标准 美国式美男子，他内心 完全空虚，只知道金钱 和利益，作者以其象征 “美国梦”，进而描绘 出一幅真实生动的时代 画像。
约瑟夫·海勒（1923—1999）
美国当代著名作家， “黑色幽默”派最重要 的代表人物。 生于纽约市布鲁克林的 一个俄裔犹太家庭 。 代表作品有：《第22条 军规》 （1954）、 《出了毛病》 （1974）、《像高尔德 一样好》 （1979）等。
《出了毛病》笔触深入 内心世界，揭示现代人 惶惶不安的恐惧心理， 艺术上具有“黑色幽默” 特色，笑料百出，却蕴 含冷峻尖刻的讽刺。 此作发表后好评如潮， 销量十分可观。
1979年，海勒的第三部小说 《像高尔德一样好》问世， 小说巧妙地运用“黑色幽默” 手法揭示美国上层社会的黑 暗内幕，成为继《第二十二 条军规》之后的又5—2005）
战后最杰出的犹太作家。 代表作有《雨王汉德森》 （1959）、《赫索格》 （1964）、《洪堡的礼物》 （1975）等。 1976年由于“他的作品中融合 了对人性的理解和对当代文化 细致的分析”而荣获诺贝尔文 学奖。
托妮·莫里森（1931—）
第22条军规规定，一切精神 失常的人都可以不完成规定的 飞行次数，立即遣送回国；但 它同时规定，一切停止飞行的 申请都必须由本人提出，如果 你能够提出停飞的申请，即证 明你并没有疯，你还必须继续 执行飞行任务。第22条军规在 小说中无处不在，使参战者无 法摆脱，直到战争结束或本人 死亡。约塞连上尉飞了70次后 终于明白军规是个圈套，是个 骗局，驾机向中立国瑞典逃去。
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• II. Essential prerequisites for the study of British and American literature • 1. Interest in literature • 2. A large vocabulary • 3. Good habits of study
• III. What is to be studied in American literature • 1. History of American literature; • 2. Major writers and their major works; • 3. Historical (economic, political and ideological) background for the creation of the major writers; • 4. Literary creative thought and artistic features of the major writers; • 5. Central thought and social significance and writing techniques of a specific literary work; • 6. General literary theories and schools
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• 7. Standing apart from his contemporaries but no less important in the history of American literature is Edgar Allan Poe, who was for a long time perhaps the most controversial of American writers. • 8. From the very outset he was not appreciated in his own country, but he was well received in Europe, in England, in Spain, and especially in France where he first acquired greatness.
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• New England Transcendentalism (1836-1855)
• 1.One of the major literary figures in this period was Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), the leading New England Transcendentalist, whose Nature (1836) has been called "the Manifesto of American Transcendentalism," and whose "The American Scholar"(1837) has been rightly regarded as America's "Declaration of Intellectual Independence."
• IV. Requirements • 1. Previewing without exception • 2. Regular attendance (exception permitted only with convincing reasons) • 3. Class participation (Be active) and oral presentation
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature • The Age of Rห้องสมุดไป่ตู้alism (1861-1865)
• 1.The Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. • 2.The Age of Realism came into existence. • 3.It came as a reaction against "the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism," as Everett Carter put it. • 4.A fearless and enthusiastic champion of the new school was William Dean Howells (18371920).
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature • American Puritanism
(the early 17th century--the end of the 18th)
1706-1790
1703-1758
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature • The Literary Scene in the Colonial Period
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• 5. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) did not feel comfortable with Emerson's buoyant sense of optimism about man and his nature, and kept a respectable distance from Emerson and his ideas. • 6. His The Scarlet Letter (1850) and other works reveal a blackness of vision of which Emerson was not capable.
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature • The Romantic Period
• 1.The Romantic Period that follows covers the first half of the nineteenth century. • 2. Washington Irving (1783-1859) and James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) will be our first concern. • 3. Irving's "Rip Van Winkle"and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" in The Sketch Book will be placed at the top of any reading list on American literature.
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• 2. Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) was at first a faithful follower of Emerson, but alienated himself somewhat from the master later on. • 3. Another of Emerson's contemporaries, Walt Whitman (1819-1892), tried to write poetry describing the native American experience. • 4. Whitman and Dickinson were the two major American poets of the nineteenth century.
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• 3. In content these early writings served either God or colonial expansion or both. In form, English literary traditions were faithfully imitated and transplanted. • 4. The major representatives in this period were John Smith (1588-1649), William Bradford (1590-1657), John Winthrop (1588-1649), and Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672).
American Literature
Foreign Language Department
Tang Xu
Words On the study of American Literature
• I. Preliminary knowledge for the study of American literature • 1. Basic knowledge of American literary works • 2. Basic knowledge of world literary classics, particularly those of ancient Greece • 3. Basic knowledge of ancient Greek and Roman mythology • 4. Basic knowledge of American history and politics • 5. Basic knowledge of the Christian Bible